7.5.4 the Six-Hour Unit Hydrograph of a Watershed Having a Drainage Area Equal to 393 Km2 Is As Follows: Time (H) 0 6 12 18 24 3
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(P 117-140) Flood Pulse.Qxp
117 THE FLOOD PULSE CONCEPT: NEW ASPECTS, APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS - AN UPDATE Junk W.J. Wantzen K.M. Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology, Working Group Tropical Ecology, P.O. Box 165, 24302 Plön, Germany E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The flood pulse concept (FPC), published in 1989, was based on the scientific experience of the authors and published data worldwide. Since then, knowledge on floodplains has increased considerably, creating a large database for testing the predictions of the concept. The FPC has proved to be an integrative approach for studying highly diverse and complex ecological processes in river-floodplain systems; however, the concept has been modified, extended and restricted by several authors. Major advances have been achieved through detailed studies on the effects of hydrology and hydrochemistry, climate, paleoclimate, biogeography, biodi- versity and landscape ecology and also through wetland restoration and sustainable management of flood- plains in different latitudes and continents. Discussions on floodplain ecology and management are greatly influenced by data obtained on flow pulses and connectivity, the Riverine Productivity Model and the Multiple Use Concept. This paper summarizes the predictions of the FPC, evaluates their value in the light of recent data and new concepts and discusses further developments in floodplain theory. 118 The flood pulse concept: New aspects, INTRODUCTION plain, where production and degradation of organic matter also takes place. Rivers and floodplain wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems. For example, 77 percent These characteristics are reflected for lakes in of the water discharge of the 139 largest river systems the “Seentypenlehre” (Lake typology), elaborated by in North America and Europe is affected by fragmen- Thienemann and Naumann between 1915 and 1935 tation of the river channels by dams and river regula- (e.g. -
Analysis of Streamflow Variability and Trends in the Meta River, Colombia
water Article Analysis of Streamflow Variability and Trends in the Meta River, Colombia Marco Arrieta-Castro 1, Adriana Donado-Rodríguez 1, Guillermo J. Acuña 2,3,* , Fausto A. Canales 1,* , Ramesh S. V. Teegavarapu 4 and Bartosz Ka´zmierczak 5 1 Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia; [email protected] (M.A.-C.); [email protected] (A.D.-R.) 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Instituto de Estudios Hidráulicos y Ambientales, Universidad del Norte, Km.5 Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia 3 Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Escuela de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería (ECEI), Calle 74 #14-14, Bogotá D.C. 110221, Colombia 4 Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.A.C.); [email protected] (G.J.A.); Tel.: +57-5-3362252 (F.A.C.) Received: 29 March 2020; Accepted: 13 May 2020; Published: 20 May 2020 Abstract: The aim of this research is the detection and analysis of existing trends in the Meta River, Colombia, based on the streamflow records from seven gauging stations in its main course, for the period between June 1983 to July 2019. The Meta River is one of the principal branches of the Orinoco River, and it has a high environmental and economic value for this South American country. -
Stream Discharge (Streamflow)
The Importance of Streamflow in California’s Southern Sierra Nevada Mountains Kings River Experimental Watersheds Because 55 to 65 percent of California’s developed water comes from small streams in the Sierra Nevada, it is important to under- stand the role the snowpack has in the distribution and quantity of stream discharge (streamflow). In the southern Sierra, more than 80 percent of precipitation falls December through April. However, owing to the delay in snowmelt, there is a lag in runoff until the spring. At higher elevation sites, the spring melt does not peak until May or even June. This makes mountain water available to California during the summer months. The Kings River Experi- mental Watersheds (KREW) sites demonstrate that precipitation in the form of snow generates greater yearly discharge in a given watershed. The difference in discharge between the KREW Provi- dence site and Bull site is as much as 20 percent per year. C. Hunsaker Research Area Figure 1—KREW’s double flume system. The large flume KREW is a watershed-level, integrated ecosystem project for (background) accurately captures high flows, and the small flume headwater streams in the Sierra Nevada. Eight watersheds at two is successful at measuring lower base flows. study sites are fully instrumented to monitor ecosystem changes. Stream discharge data, just one component of the project, have been collected since 2002 from the Providence site and since 2003 from the Bull site. What is Stream Discharge? Discharge is the amount of water leaving each watershed within the stream channel. It is represented as a rate of flow such as cubic feet per second (cfs), gallons per minute (gpm), or acre-feet per year. -
From the River to You: USGS Real-Time Streamflow Information …From the National Streamflow Information Program
From the River to You: USGS Real-Time Streamflow Information …from the National Streamflow Information Program This Fact Sheet is one in a series that highlights information or recent research findings from the USGS National Streamflow Information Program (NSIP). The investigations and scientific results reported in this series require a nationally consistent streamgaging network with stable long-term monitoring sites and a rigorous program of data, quality assurance, management, archiving, and synthesis. NSIP produces multipurpose, unbiased surface-water information that is readily accessible to all. Introduction Collecting and Transmitting data are stored in a data logger in Streamflow Information the gagehouse. As part of the National Stream- On a preset schedule, typically flow Information Program, the U.S. The streamflow information every 1 to 4 hours, the streamgage Geological Survey (USGS) operates collected at most streamgages transmits all the stage information more than 7,400 streamgages nation- is stream stage (also called gage recorded since the last transmission to wide to provide streamflow informa- height). This is the height of the a Geostationary Operational Envi- tion for a wide variety of uses. These water surface above a reference level ronmental Satellite (GOES). Many uses include prediction of floods, or datum. Stream stage is measured streamgages have predetermined management and allocation of water by a variety of methods including stage thresholds. When these thresh- resources, design and operation of floats, pressure transducers, and olds are exceeded, the time between engineering structures, scientific acoustic or optical sensors (fig. 1). transmissions to the satellite will research, operation of locks and Stage data are measured at the decrease from 1 to 4 hours to every dams, and for recreational safety and time interval necessary to monitor the 15 minutes to provide more timely enjoyment. -
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling for Streamflow Prediction at Ungauged Basins
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2008 Distributed Hydrologic Modeling For Streamflow Prediction At Ungauged Basins Christina Bandaragoda Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Bandaragoda, Christina, "Distributed Hydrologic Modeling For Streamflow Prediction At Ungauged Basins" (2008). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 62. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/62 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODELING FOR STREAMFLOW PREDICTION AT UNGAUGED BASINS by Christina Bandaragoda A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Civil and Environmental Engineering UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, UT 2007 ii ABSTRACT Distributed Hydrologic Modeling for Prediction of Streamflow at Ungauged Basins by Christina Bandaragoda, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2008 Major Professor: Dr. David G. Tarboton Department: Civil and Environmental Engineering Hydrologic modeling and streamflow prediction of ungauged basins is an unsolved scientific problem as well as a policy-relevant science theme emerging as a major -
Introduction and Characteristics of Flow
Introduction and Characteristics of Flow By James W. LaBaugh and Donald O. Rosenberry Chapter 1 of Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water Edited by Donald O. Rosenberry and James W. LaBaugh Techniques and Methods Chapter 4–D2 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Contents Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................5 Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................................................6 Characteristics of Water Exchange Between Surface Water and Ground Water .............................7 Characteristics of Near-Shore Sediments .......................................................................................8 Temporal and Spatial Variability of Flow .........................................................................................10 Defining the Purpose for Measuring the Exchange of Water Between Surface Water and Ground Water ..........................................................................................................................12 Determining Locations of Water Exchange ....................................................................................12 Measuring Direction of Flow ............................................................................................................15 Measuring the Quantity of Flow .......................................................................................................15 -
Probabilistic Extreme Flood Hydrographs That Use Paleoflood Data for Dam Safety Applications
Probabilistic Extreme Flood Hydrographs That Use PaleoFlood Data for Dam Safety Applications Dam Safety Office Report No. DSO-03-03 Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation June 2003 Contents Page Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background..................................................................................................................................2 1.2 Objectives....................................................................................................................................4 1.3 Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................4 Probabilistic Extreme Flood Hydrographs from Streamflow Sampling................................. 5 2.1 General Procedure .......................................................................................................................5 2.2 Example Applications................................................................................................................11 Probabilitic Extreme Flood Hydrographs Using Rainfall-Runoff Models............................ 18 3.1 General Procedure .....................................................................................................................19 3.2 Example Applications s.............................................................................................................20 Reservoir Routing -
Chapter 5 Streamflow Data
Part 630 Hydrology National Engineering Handbook Chapter 5 Streamflow Data (210–VI–NEH, Amend. 76, November 2015) Chapter 5 Streamflow Data Part 630 National Engineering Handbook Issued November 2015 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, em- ployees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disabil- ity, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Pro- gram Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/com- plaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adju- dication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected] Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either an EEO or program complaint please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877- 8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). -
Stormwater Design Manual Chapter Three
CHAPTER 3 HYDROLOGY Chapter 3 HYDROLOGY Table of Contents 3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 HYDROLOGIC DESIGN POLICIES........................................................................ 2 3.2.1 FULLY DEVELO PED CONDITIONS......................................................................... 3 3.2.2 DRAINAG E AREA ............................................................................................... 4 3.2.3 RAINFALL DATA AND INTENSITY .......................................................................... 4 3.3 TIME OF CONCENTRATION ................................................................................. 4 3.3.1 SCS METHOD................................................................................................... 5 3.3.1.1 Lag Time .................................................................................................. 5 3.3.1.2 Travel Time .............................................................................................. 5 3.3.1.3 Sheet Flow ............................................................................................... 6 3.3.1.4 Shallow Concentrated Flow....................................................................... 7 3.3.1.5 Channelized Flow ..................................................................................... 7 3.3.2 KIRPICH EQUATION ........................................................................................... 8 3.4 RATIONAL METHOD............................................................................................ -
Impacts of a Flood Pulsing Hydrology on Plants and Invertebrates in Riparian Wetlands
IMPACTS OF A FLOOD PULSING HYDROLOGY ON PLANTS AND INVERTEBRATES IN RIPARIAN WETLANDS A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Maureen K. Drinkard August 2012 Dissertation written by Maureen K. Drinkard B.S., Kent State University, 2003 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by ___Ferenc de Szalay_, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee ___Mark Kershner_______, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee _____Oscar Rocha________, ____Mandy Munro-Stasiuk_, Accepted by _____James Blank______, Chair, Department of Biological Sciences ______Raymond Craig___, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 Dissertation Goals ............................................................................................. 1 Definition of the Flood Pulse Concept .............................................................. 2 Ecological and economic importance ............................................................... 3 Impacts of environmental -
Beyond Binary Baseflow Separation: a Delayed-Flow Index for Multiple Streamflow Contributions
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 849–867, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-849-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Beyond binary baseflow separation: a delayed-flow index for multiple streamflow contributions Michael Stoelzle1,*, Tobias Schuetz2, Markus Weiler1, Kerstin Stahl1, and Lena M. Tallaksen3 1Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 2Department of Hydrology, Faculty VI Regional and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Trier, Germany 3Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway *Invited contribution by Michael Stoelzle, recipient of the EGU Outstanding Student Poster Awards 2015. Correspondence: Michael Stoelzle ([email protected]) Received: 14 May 2019 – Discussion started: 28 May 2019 Revised: 18 November 2019 – Accepted: 20 January 2020 – Published: 25 February 2020 Abstract. Understanding components of the total streamflow the primary contribution, whereas below 800 m groundwa- is important to assess the ecological functioning of rivers. Bi- ter resources are most likely the major streamflow contri- nary or two-component separation of streamflow into a quick butions. Our analysis also indicates that dynamic storage in and a slow (often referred to as baseflow) component are of- high alpine catchments might be large and is overall not ten based on arbitrary choices of separation parameters and smaller than in lowland catchments. We conclude that the also merge different delayed components into one baseflow DFI can be used to assess the range of sources forming catch- component and one baseflow index (BFI). As streamflow ments’ storages and to judge the long-term sustainability of generation during dry weather often results from drainage streamflow. -
Tracing Sediment Sources with Meteoric 10Be: Linking Erosion And
Tracing sediment sources with meteoric 10Be: Linking erosion and the hydrograph Final Report: submitted June 20, 2012 PI: Patrick Belmont Utah State University, Department of Watershed Sciences University of Minnesota, National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics Background and Motivation for the Study Sediment is a natural constituent of river ecosystems. Yet, in excess quantities sediment can severely degrade water quality and aquatic ecosystem health. This problem is especially common in rivers that drain agricultural landscapes (Trimble and Crosson, 2000; Montgomery, 2007). Currently, sediment is one of the leading causes of impairment in rivers of the US and globally (USEPA, 2011; Palmer et al., 2000). Despite extraordinary efforts, sediment remains one of the most difficult nonpoint-source pollutants to quantify at the watershed scale (Walling, 1983; Langland et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2011). Developing a predictive understanding of watershed sediment yield has proven especially difficult in low-relief landscapes. Challenges arise due to several common features of these landscapes, including a) source and sink areas are defined by very subtle topographic features that often cannot be detected even with relatively high resolution topography data (15 cm vertical uncertainty), b) humans have dramatically altered water and sediment routing processes, the effects of which are exceedingly difficult to capture in a conventional watershed hydrology/erosion model (Wilkinson and McElroy, 2007; Montgomery, 2007); and c) as sediment is routed through a river network it is actively exchanged between the channel and floodplain, a dynamic that is difficult to model at the channel network scale (Lauer and Parker, 2008). Thus, while models can be useful to understand sediment dynamics at the landscape scale and predict changes in sediment flux and water quality in response to management actions in a watershed, several key processes are difficult to constrain to a satisfactory degree.