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KATIPUNAN Panitik Ng Politik 5 (2020) KATIPUNAN Panitik ng Politik Panitik ISSN: 2507-8348 Kasaysayan ng Dyornal Unang inilabas ang dyornal noong 1971, na may pamagat na Katipunan: Dyurnal ng Panlipunang Sining at Agham, sa ilalim ng pamamatnugot ni Dr. Nicanor Tiongson, at mga katuwang na patnugot na Dr. Bienvenido Lumbera at Dr. Virgilio Almario. Bahagi ito ng mga publikasyon sa ilalim ng Paaralan ng Sining at mga Agham ng Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila. Nakapaglabas ang dyornal ng apat na isyu, at itinigil ang pagpapatakbo nito sa pagtatapos ng taong 1971. Alinsunod sa tunguhing panindigan at payamanin ang araling Filipino at mga lokal na kaisipan at pag-aaral, nilalayon ng Kagawaran ng Filipino ng Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila na ipagpatuloy ang mga pagsisikap para sa aralin at pananaliksik na Filipino na pinasimulan ng dating dyornal, sa pamamagitan ng mga interdisiplinaryo at multidisiplinaryong dulog sa pagharap sa mga kaisipan at isyung kaugnay sa wika, panitikan, sining, at kultura. Tuon at Saklaw Bilang isang dyornal na dumaan sa peer-review, inilalathala ng Katipunan ang mga pinakabagong pananaliksik na nagsusulong sa intelektuwalisasyon ng wikang Filipino at nagpapayaman sa larang ng araling Filipino. Ang pagtataya ng dyornal sa interdisiplinaridad ay humihigit sa lapát na teoryang pampanitikan at kritikal tungo sa pagpapaunlad ng korpus ng kaalaman na ibinubungad ang karanasang Filipino sa pag-unawa sa mga kategorya ng global at internasyonal. Inilalabas nang taunan ang isyu ng dyornal. Copyright © 2020 | Ateneo de Manila University Pabliser Kagawaran ng Filipino Fax: +632 426 6001 local 5321 3/F Dela Costa Hall Email: [email protected] School of Humanities Ateneo de Manila University Loyola Heights, Quezon City Phone: +632 426 6001 local 5320 KATIPUNAN ISSN: 2507-8348 Panawagan para sa mga Akda Hindi na natuto ang mga Pilipino. Madaling makalimot. Walang pagkilala sa kasaysayan. Ibinebenta ng mga Pilipino ang kinabukasan ng bansa sa pagtalikod sa mga prinsipyo ng demokrasya. Sa ganito nang balangkas parating sinisipat ang kalagayang pampolitika sa bansa. Nais maghain ngayon ng Katipunan, dyornal ng Kagawaran ng Filipino, Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila, ng alternatibong pampanitikang pagbasa sa politika sa bansa na hindi sumasalalay sa nakagawian at palasak nang sosyo-politikal na pagtatasa. Ano kaya ang matutuklasan natin kung babasahin ang kalakarang pampolitika sa bansa sa konteksto ng espektakulo at dula, ng karnabal at pista? Anong diskurso kaya ang mabubuksan ng mga akdang pampanitikan sa bansa na hayagang tumuturol sa mga usaping pampolitika, mula Ang Tunay na Dekalogo ni Apolinario Mabini, Banaag at Sikat ni Lope K. Santos, Pagkamulat ni Magdalena nina Alejandro Abadilla at Elpidio Kapulong, Mga Agos sa Disyerto, at Sigwa, kung babasahin hindi sa lente ng tunggalian ng mga uri at ideolohiya, ng global at lokal na politika, ng nasyonal at transnasyonal na diskurso? Hindi tatanggap ang isyu ng mga pag-aaral na gumagamit ng metodolohiya na pawang galing sa larang ng agham pampolitika at agham panlipunan. Sa halip iminumungkahi ang: 1) paglapat ng metodolohiyang pampanitikan, kasama na dito ang pilolohiko at iba pang metodolohiya ng pag-aaral sa wika, sa pag-unawa sa sitwasyong pampolitika sa kapuluan, 2) pagbasa sa mga akdang pampanitikang Filipino bilang mga tratadong pampolitika, 3) pagbasa sa katutubong pananaw- sa-mundo bilang politikal na kosmolohiya, at 4) iba pang mga katulad na takbo at liko ng pag-aaral. Tatanggap din ang dyornal ng mga akdang pampanitikan na sumisipat sa kasalukuyang kalagayang pampolitika ng bansa. Matatagpuan ang mga alituntunin sa pagpasa ng papel dito. Ipasa ang papel nang sumusunod sa gabay sa estilo ng MLA, sa paggamit ng nakapanaklong na sanggunian at talasanggunian. Bukas ang pagtanggap ng papel hanggang sa ika-28 ng Setyembre 2019. Maaaring ipadala ang mga ipapasang papel sa [email protected] bilang Word file. KATIPUNAN ISSN: 2507-8348 https://journals.ateneo.edu/ojs/katipunan Komiteng Patnugutan Alvin B. Yapan (General Editor) Christian Jil R. Benitez (Associate Editor) Lupong Patnugutan Genevieve A. Clutario (Harvard University) Martin F. Manalansan III (University of Minnesota) Robert G. Diaz (University of Toronto) Christine B. Balance (Cornell University) Allan P. Isaac (Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences) Lucy Mae S.P. Burns (University of California, Los Angeles) Shi Yang (Peking University) Ruth Elynia Mabanglo (Professor Emeritus – University of Hawaii at Manoa) Mga Kawani Cielo G. Castro (Layout Artist & Cover Designer) Rosalinda M. Gatchalian (Production Coordinator) Allan A. De Vera (Production Coordinator) Tungkol sa Pabalat Kuhang larawan ni Angelo Lapresca sa idinaos na protesta bilang pagtanggi sa Anti-Terror Bill, noong Hunyo 4, 2020 sa University Avenue ng University of the Philippines - Diliman. KATIPUNAN ISSN: 2507-8348 Nilalaman Introduksiyon Ang Panitik sa Politik i Christian Jil R. Benitez Mga Artikulo Pagbahay sa Rehimen 1 Ang Bagong Lipunan at ang Retorika ng Pamilya Juan Miguel Leandro L. Quizon Pader sa Dalawang Mundo 31 Autoheograpiya ng Isang Burgis Jerome D. Ignacio Ang Parusa at Gantimpala Ayon 59 sa Inogtula’neng Tibor Joshua B. Samulde Ang Pagtanggol kay Marian Rivera Ukol 77 sa Isyung Pantrapiko Bilang Epekto ng Celebrity sa Ugali at Pag-iisip ng Tagahanga Lara Samantha R. Mendiola Alexandra Dominique B. Glorioso Christine Jashleen S. Nañadiego Teleserye at Kontemporanidad 98 Louie Jon A. Sanchez, PhD KATIPUNAN ISSN: 2507-8348 Wikang FIlipino, Wikang Pa(pa)tay 125 Tokhang, Pagpatay, at ang Kasalukuyang Danas ng Wikang Filipino Maria Nikka P. Policarpio Ang Manlilikha para sa Taumbayan 141 Nicanor G. Tiongson, PhD Salaysây, Sagisag, Salitâ 151 Kritikang Patulâ sa Kultura ng Dahâs at Dayâ Albert E. Alejo, SJ Mga Rebyu Ang Tula, ang Katawan, at ang Dahas 163 sa Panitikan Isang Pagbasa sa Panitikang Bunga ng Insidente ng Sexual Harassment sa Loob ng INWW Martina Herras Mapanganib na Katha 173 Isang Rebyu ng Bato: The General Ronald Dela Rosa Story ni Adolfo Alix Jr. Jose Kervin Cesar B. Calabias Afterword Ang Politik sa Panitik 179 Alvin B. Yapan, PhD Bionotes 183 KATIPUNAN Ang Panitik sa Politik Christian Jil R. Benitez Alinsabay sa kakagyatan ng pagsasaalang-alang na politikal ang panitikan, kinakailangan ding maidiin kung paanong sa maraming paraan, pampanitikan din ang politika. Mahalagang hindi maipagkamali, gayunpaman, na ang pagtatayang ito ay pagpapagaan—o mas masaklap pa, pagsasabiro—sakritikal na tungkulin ng politika na pamahalaan ang iba’t ibang buhay sa isang panahon-espasyo. Kung mayroon mang produktibong mahihinuha sa ganitong lisyang pag-unawa, iyon ay ang pagkakalahad ng pagturing pala sa panitikan bilang “magaan” o “biro”—mga pagpapahalagang kung iiwan na lamang sa karaniwang pag-unawa sa “gaan” at “biro ay maaaring maging pagsalungat at pagbalewala sa mahahalagang pagbabagong- pananaw na nangyari sa mga kasaysayan ng pandaigdigang araling kritikal. Sa pagtataya sa politikal bilang pampanitikan, ang ipinapaalalasa halip ay kung paanong gumaganaang pamamahala ng politika sa pamamagitan ng mga wika: mula sa binigkas na mga pangako at naisulat nang mga batas, halimbawa, hanggang sa pag-unawa sa mga kasunduang ito at paraan ng mga pagsasakatawan ng mga ito sa pang-araw-araw, nakasalalay ang pagsasaayos na nilalayong mangyari sa ganitong mga pakikipagtalaban sa wika. Sa ibang salita, higit na ipinasasaalang- alang ang pinakamateryalidad at anyo ng politika: na hindi lamang ito mga puwersang namamahala sa atin (lalo na kung pawang basal ang pag-unawa sa mga puwersang ito), kung hindi mga pinakanadarama rin nating iba’t ibang mga pananagisag o signification. Maaaring bumaling sa isang kilalang halimbawa mula kay Althusser: sa muling pagbasa sa sandali ng pagtawag, sa pagsasaalang-alang ng paggana dito ng wika, masasabi na ngayong nalilirip ang paggana ng pamamahala hindi lamang sa kumpas ng pagpito ng isa o sa paglingon ng isa pa sa pinagmulan ng nasabing tunog, kung hindi maging sa mismong pito na rin, sa pinakaanyo nito bilang isang tunog na tinataya bilang maaaring kaparaanin para sa isang kabatirang pampolitika. Sapagkat kung tutuusin, ang pito ay pito nga, tulad kung papaanong ang sitsit ay sitsit din, at ang kaway ay kaway: ang mga ito ay kumpas ngang gayon, na may mga kahulugan lamang na pawang nababagay at ibinabagay rin sa mga partikularidad ng iba’t ibang pagkakataon. Anumang ipinagpapalagay na tahasang halaga para sa mga bagay na ito—ang mismong pagpapalagay ngang sagisag ang mga ito—ay inihuhulog din lamang ng namamahalang politika sa mga ito. Sa katulad na paraan pinagtutuunan ni Maria Nikka Policarpio ang salitang tokhang: sa kanyang pagkilala kung papaanong sa ilang paraan ay maituturing ang nasabing salita bilang likha ng kasalukuyang rehimen, tinatangkang suriin ng kanyang pag-aaral ang mga isinasagawang pamamahala nitong salita sa dating ng mga laganap na karahasan. Sa panimulang pagbaling sa ilang halimbawa sa nakasulat na panitikan at media, napahihinuha ng pag-aaral kung papaanong “sa patuloy na pagdaragdag ng mga taong nagiging katawan at nagiging bilang ng mga patay, magpapatuloy rin [lamang] ang araw-araw na pag-ukilkil” sa dumarami ding “apropriyasyon” sa salitang tokhang. Kaya rin sa huling sandali ng pag-aaral, hindi kataka-taka ang pagbaling nito sa usapin ng “panunukhang” maging sa wikang Filipino, sa institusiyonal na “pagsensura” na rin dito ng CHED Memorandum Order, blg. 59. Kritikal ang mga ganitong pagmamalay hinggil sa paggana ng pananagisag sa politika sapagkat dito naidiriing ang pang-araw-araw ay hindi likas o basta-basta,
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