Designing and Implementing Electronic Monitoring Systems for Fisheries
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Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries
Final United States National Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries Silver Spring, MD 20910 February 2001 Photograph of Short-tailed Albatross by Dr. Hiroshi Hasegawa DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Final United States National Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries Silver Spring, MD 20910 February 2001 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Donald L. Evans, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Scott B. Gudes, Acting Under Secretary National Marine Fisheries Service William T. Hogarth, Ph.D., Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries Table of Contents Executive Summary . .1 Introduction . 2 Purpose . 4 Background . 5 Statutory Authority and Agency Responsibility . .6 International Fishery Management Measures to Conserve Seabirds . 9 U.S. Fishery Management Measures to Conserve Seabirds . .10 The U.S. National Plan of Action for Reducing the Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries (NPOA-S) . .11 Development of the NPOA-S . 11 Implementation of the NPOA-S . 12 Role of the Interagency Seabird Working Group . 12 Action Elements of the NPOA-S . .12 Table of Proposed Timeline for NPOA-S Implementation . 16 Table of Organizational Roles for Seabird Bycatch Reduction . .17 Appendices (Updated August 1, 2001) I. International Plan of Action for Reducing Incidental Catch of Seabirds in Longline Fisheries II. Longline Fisheries of the United States: Seabird Bycatch Assessments, Descriptions, Regulations, Current Mitigation Efforts, Current Research Efforts, and Monitoring of Seabird Bycatch by Fishery Management Councils and International Agreements III. NMFS National Bycatch Plan Executive Summary IV. FWS Waterbird Bycatch Policy Statement V. -
Cross-Matching VIIRS Boat Detections with Vessel Monitoring System Tracks in Indonesia
remote sensing Article Cross-Matching VIIRS Boat Detections with Vessel Monitoring System Tracks in Indonesia Feng-Chi Hsu 1,2 , Christopher D. Elvidge 2,*, Kimberly Baugh 1,2, Mikhail Zhizhin 1,2, Tilottama Ghosh 1,2, David Kroodsma 3 , Adi Susanto 4,5, Wiryawan Budy 6, Mochammad Riyanto 6, Ridwan Nurzeha 7 and Yeppi Sudarja 7 1 Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; [email protected] (F.-C.H.); [email protected] (K.B.); [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (T.G.) 2 Earth Observation Group, Payne Institute, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, USA 3 Global Fishing Watch, Washington, DC 20036, USA; david@globalfishingwatch.org 4 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten 42124, Indonesia; [email protected] 5 Indonesia-Center of Excellence for Food Security, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jalan Raya Jakarta Km 4, Panancangan, Cipocok Jaya, Kota Serang, Banten 42124, Indonesia 6 Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Raya Dramaga Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia; [email protected] (W.B.); [email protected] (M.R.) 7 Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, KKP Gedung Mina Bahari I Lt 5 Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia; [email protected] (R.N.); [email protected] (Y.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 3 March 2019; Accepted: 19 April 2019; Published: 26 April 2019 Abstract: A methodology had been proposed for cross-matching visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) boat detections (VBD) with vessel monitoring system (VMS) tracks. -
New and Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Fisheries: a Comprehensive Landscape Analysis
Photo by Pablo Sanchez Quiza New and Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Fisheries: A Comprehensive Landscape Analysis Environmental Defense Fund | Oceans Technology Solutions | April 2021 New and Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Fisheries: A Comprehensive Landscape Analysis Authors: Christopher Cusack, Omisha Manglani, Shems Jud, Katie Westfall and Rod Fujita Environmental Defense Fund Nicole Sarto and Poppy Brittingham Nicole Sarto Consulting Huff McGonigal Fathom Consulting To contact the authors please submit a message through: edf.org/oceans/smart-boats edf.org | 2 Contents List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................7 2. Transformative Technologies......................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Sensors ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Satellite remote sensing ...........................................................................................................................12 2.3 Data Collection Platforms ...................................................................................................................... -
Compliance and Enforcement for the Exclusive Economic Zone Fisheries Management in the United Republic of Anzaniat
World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 11-4-2018 Compliance and enforcement for the exclusive economic zone fisheries management in the United Republic of anzaniaT Christian Alphonce Nzowa Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Economic Policy Commons Recommended Citation Nzowa, Christian Alphonce, "Compliance and enforcement for the exclusive economic zone fisheries management in the United Republic of Tanzania" (2018). World Maritime University Dissertations. 682. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/682 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmö, Sweden COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA By CHRISTIAN ALPHONCE NZOWA Tanzania A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In MARITIME AFFAIRS (OCEAN SUSTAINABILITY GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT) 2018 Copyright: Christian Alphonce Nzowa, 2018 Declaration I certify that all the material in the dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me.The content of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. -
Vessel Monitoring Systems and Their Role in Fisheries Management and Monitoring, Control and Surveillance
Vessel Monitoring Systems and their Role in Fisheries Management and Monitoring, Control and Surveillance 1.0 Vessel Monitoring Systems: Overview Fisheries managers started utilizing Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) in the 1990si to track the locations and monitor the activities of fishing vessels in order to bolster the efficacy of fisheries management measures. This capability also enhanced enforcement capacity by facilitating more effective and cost efficient enforcement actions by providing a level of monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) not possible with traditional and more conventional methods of aerial and surface surveillance. Satellite-based VMS are described by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as: “…comprised of several components. Each participating vessel must carry a VMS unit. This shipboard electronic equipment is installed permanently onboard a fishing vessel and assigned a unique identifier. Most shipboard VMS equipment types use satellite communication systems that have an integrated Global Positioning System (GPS). The system calculates the unit’s position and sends a data report to shoreside users. The standard data report includes the VMS unit’s unique identifier, date, time and position in latitude and longitude…” Initially, VMS was used as an instrument for flag States to track the activities of their own domestic fishing vessels, and for coastal States to monitor foreign-flagged fishing vessels licensed to operate within their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided the legal basis for this as it gave coastal States the primary responsibility for managing all living marine resources within their 200 nautical mile EEZ. The United Nations (UN) Fish Stocks Agreement specifically called for the implementation of VMS by flag States in the framework of sub- regional, regional and global agreementsii. -
The Impact of New Monitoring Technology on Fisheries Management
September 2019 The impact of new monitoring technology on fisheries management Can camera technology improve compliance in the discard ban? Tom Koppenol Reg.nr: 930625467070 Supervisor: Dr. AP. Richter Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group Abstract Fisheries management has seen many changes over the years, from the introduction of the quota system to the ban on pulse fishery. More recently there has been the introduction of the discard ban. The discard ban is thought to be difficult to monitor, as current technologies are insufficient outside of the ports. Fishermen are also known to be upset about the ban and are unlikely to comply out of their own volition. For this reason many countries with similar policies have opted to make use of on-board camera monitoring, however new technologies are not always easily accepted. People’s behaviour can be influenced by playing into various factors having to do with intrinsic motivation. Self-determination, trust in the system and reciprocity are some examples. It is believed that camera monitoring could have a positive effect on these factors, and if the government were to invest in the right developments it may result in voluntary compliance with the discard ban. Stakeholder participation is also thought to influence compliance, as social norms can be used to have individuals adhere to the rules, either through leading by example or retaliation. Camera technology gives the tools for such possibilities. It may even make a policy change possible, where the discard ban is changed into a new system where catches are fully registered at sea, instead of on land. -
Monitoring Bycatch: a Fishing Industry Generated Solution. ICES CM 2009/M:05
ICES CM 2009/M:05 Not to be cited without prior reference to the author Monitoring bycatch: a fishing industry generated solution. R.D. Stanley1, H. McElderry2, J. Koolman3, and T. Mawani4 Abstract The groundfish industry in the province of British Columbia and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada implemented the B.C. Groundfish Integrated Pilot Project in March of 2006. The project was initiated, in general, because of the difficulty of managing many species of groundfish across multiple license/gear sectors and, in particular, because of the difficulty in quota-managing stocks without discard information. Motivated, in part, by a combination of “carrot” (introduction of ITQs) and “big stick” (fix it or lose it) incentives, the fishing industry took the lead role in designing, funding, and implementing a cost-effective 100% at-sea catch monitoring program in a small-boat fleet of over 250 vessels. In its first three years, the Project has surpassed the expectations of many of the industry and government participants. This monitoring now provides accurate and statistically defensible estimates of total catch for all quota species, thereby removing the need for more complex, and possibly biased, discard estimation procedures. The accurate monitoring of total catch by species (discarded and retained) by each vessel in near real time provides managers with relatively simple options for controlling and even minimizing discards through individual species caps. With this individual accountability framework, fishers are motivated to develop their individualized strategies to reduce non-desirable catches, as opposed to the more problematic approach of top-down design and enforcement of temporal or spatial closures, or gear restrictions. -
Seafood Watch Report on the Pacific Sardine
Seafood Watch Seafood Report: Sardines Volume I image© Monterey Bay Aquarium Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax Alice Cascorbi Fisheries Research Analyst Monterey Bay Aquarium final 10 February 2004 Seafood Watch® Pacific Sardine Report February 10, 2004 About Seafood Watch® and the Seafood Reports Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch® program evaluates the ecological sustainability of wild-caught and farmed seafood commonly found in the United States marketplace. Seafood Watch® defines sustainable seafood as originating from sources, whether wild-caught or farmed, which can maintain or increase production in the long- term without jeopardizing the structure or function of affected ecosystems. Seafood Watch® makes its science-based recommendations available to the public in the form of regional pocket guides that can be downloaded from the Internet (seafoodwatch.org) or obtained from the Seafood Watch® program by emailing [email protected]. The program’s goals are to raise awareness of important ocean conservation issues and empower seafood consumers and businesses to make choices for healthy oceans. Each sustainability recommendation on the regional pocket guides is supported by a Seafood Report. Each report synthesizes and analyzes the most current ecological, fisheries and ecosystem science on a species, then evaluates this information against the program’s conservation ethic to arrive at a recommendation of “Best Choices”, “Good Alternatives” or “Avoid.” The detailed evaluation methodology is available upon request. In producing the Seafood Reports, Seafood Watch® seeks out research published in academic, peer-reviewed journals whenever possible. Other sources of information include government technical publications, fishery management plans and supporting documents, and other scientific reviews of ecological sustainability. -
Vessel Monitoring Systems – What You Need to Know
Vessel Monitoring Systems – What You Need to Know The reauthorization of the Magnuson Stevens Act put in place the requirement for better monitoring of fisheries. Monitoring has been deemed necessary to allow managers to assess the health of fish stocks and also better understand the activities and operation of the fishery - the fleet and the communities that rely on harvesting fish. Various types of monitoring are being tested within the United States and even within the South Atlantic region. One type of monitoring method currently in use in some fisheries in the region is a Vessel Monitoring System, commonly referred to as VMS. The Council is considering the use of VMS as a monitoring tool for all federal commercial snapper grouper vessels in the region. As the Council moves forward with developing options for use of this technology, stakeholders throughout the region have begun to ask questions about VMS. What is it? How does the system work? Why is this being considered for this fishery? What are the benefits and challenges of using VMS? Here are a few facts to help answer these questions and more. What is VMS? A Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) is a satellite-based program installed on vessels in a fishing fleet that assists with monitoring vessel movement and fishing activity in the fleet in real-time. How does the system work? The system consists of a mobile transceiver unit placed on the vessel, a communications service provider that supplies the wireless link between the unit on the vessel and the NMFS Office of Law Enforcement (OLE), and a secure OLE facility where staff can monitor compliance. -
PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE Management Approach The
PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE Management Approach The productivity of the North Pacific ecosystem is acknowledged to be among the highest in the world. For the past 25 years, the Council management approach has incorporated forward looking conservation measures that address differing levels of uncertainty. This management approach has, in recent years, been labeled the precautionary approach. The Council’s precautionary approach is about applying judicious and responsible fisheries management practices, based on sound scientific research and analysis, proactively rather than reactively, to ensure the sustainability of fishery resources and associated ecosystems for the benefit of future as well as current generations. Recognizing that potential changes in productivity may be caused by fluctuations in natural oceanographic conditions, fisheries, and other, non-fishing, activities, the Council intends to continue to take appropriate measures to insure the continued sustainability of the managed species. It will carry out this objective by considering reasonable, adaptive management measures as described in the Magnuson Stevens Act and in conformance with the National Standards, the Endangered Species Act, the National Environmental Policy Act and other applicable law. This management approach takes into account the National Academy of Science’s recommendations on Sustainable Fisheries Policy. As part of its policy, the Council intends to consider and adopt, as appropriate, measures that accelerate the Council’s precautionary, adaptive management -
Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients
IFFO RS Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients Fishery Assessment Methodology and Template Report V2.0 Version No.: 2.0 Date: July 2017 Page 1 IFFO RS Global Standard for Responsible Supply of Marine Ingredients Chilean jack mackerel, Jurel (Trachurus murphyi) Fishery Under Assessment Chile EEZ XV-X Date June 2020 Report Code 2020 - 101 Assessor Vito Romito Stock (s) Pass PASS Stock (s) Fail Application details and summary of the assessment outcome Name: Blumar and others Address: Country: Chile Zip: Tel. No.: Fax. No.: Email address: Applicant Code Key Contact: Chile Title: Certification Body Details Name of Certification Body: Assessment Initial/Surveillance/Re- Whole fish/ Assessor Name Peer Reviewer Days approval By-product Vito Romito Virginia Polonio 3 1st Surveillance Whole fish Assessment Period 2020 Scope Details SUBPESCA & SERNAPESCA, Chile EEZ; Management Authority (Country/State) SPRFMO International Waters Main Species Chilean jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi Fishery Location Chile EEZ VX-X Gear Type(s) Purse seine, hand-line Outcome of Assessment Peer Review Evaluation APPROVE Recommendation APPROVE SPRFMO International Waters Version No.: 2.0 Date: July 2017 Page 2 SPRFMO International Waters Assessment Determination The Northern Chile fishery (XV-II) is mostly within the Chilean EEZ; while the Central-Southern fishery (III-X) is within the Chilean EEZ and also straddles international waters. The Central-Southern fishery is used mainly for the reduction fishery for Chilean Jack mackerel. The IFFO RS assessment area fishing zones XV- X incorporate Management Units Region XV-II (North) and III-X (Central-South). -
Coupling Logbooks and Vessel Monitoring System for Investigations of Large Pelagic Fishing Activities by Sri Lanka Sudheera Gunasekara1, Jagath Rajapaksha1
Coupling Logbooks and Vessel Monitoring System for Investigations of Large Pelagic Fishing Activities by Sri Lanka Sudheera Gunasekara1, Jagath Rajapaksha1, Email: [email protected], [email protected] 1 Institute of Oceanography and Marine Sciences, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15. Sri Lanka. KEY WORDS: VMS, logbooks, fishing forecast, R ABSTRACT: Sri Lanka has implemented a Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) in 2015 to monitor fishing activities of offshore and high seas large pelagic fishing activities. Vessel monitoring system provides information on fishing activity at large spatial scales. Logbooks have been introduced for systematic fishery data collection in parallel to the VMS. Even though readily available software packages available for VMS data analyses, logbook data of Sri Lanka’s VMS and logbook data were not in required formats. Therefore, a methodology was developed based on free and open-source R software for the data processing, analysis and visualization of VMS and logbook data. The attributes of VMS data consist of position, time, speed, heading and vessel identification number etc while logbooks have records on fishing activities including catch information. The VMS data from January to March 2016 and corresponding fishery logbook records were obtained from the Department of Fisheries. VMS and logbook data were link using a unique vessel identifier, position and the date of fishing. The VMS and logbook data analysis involves extracting VMS pings from cruise track records that matches with fishing activities. More than 40 % of logbook records were found with correct geographical locations with 0.3-degree precision. However, successive position records have 4-hour interval and the movements within that interval is not known.