DOCSLIB.ORG

Beyond Prejudice As Simple Antipathy: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beyond Prejudice As Simple Antipathy: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures Journal of Personalityand SocialPsychology Copyright2000 by the AmericanPsychological Association, Inc. 2000, Vol. 79, No. 5, 763-775 0022-3514/00/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.5.763 Beyond Prejudice as Simple Antipathy: Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Across Cultures Peter Glick, Susan T. Fiske, Antonio Mladinic, Jos6 L. Saiz, Dominic Abrams, Barbara Masser, Bolanle Adetoun, Johnstone E. Osagie, Adebowale Akande, Amos Alao, Annetje Brunner, Tineke M. Willemsen, Kettie Chipeta, Benoit Dardenne, Ap Dijksterhuis, Daniel Wigboldus, Thomas Eckes, Iris Six-Materna, Francisca Exp6sito, Miguel Moya, Margaret Foddy, Hyun-Jeong Kim, Mafia Lameiras, Mafia Jos6 Sotelo, Angelica Mucchi-Faina, Myrna Romani, Nuray Sakalh, Bola Udegbe, Mafiko Yamamoto, Miyoko Ui, Mafia Cristina Ferreira, and Wilson L6pez L6pez The authors argue that complementary hostile and benevolent components of sexism exist across cultures. Male dominance creates hostile sexism (HS), but men's dependence on women fosters benevolent sexism (BS)--subjectively positive attitudes that put women on a pedestal but reinforce their subordination. Research with 15,000 men and women in 19 nations showed that (a) HS and BS are coherent constructs that correlate positively across nations, but (b) HS predicts the ascription of negative and BS the ascription of positive traits to women, (c) relative to men, women are more likely to reject HS than BS, especially when overall levels of sexism in a culture are high, and (d) national averages on BS and HS predict gender inequality across nations. These results challenge prevailing notions of prejudice as an antipathy in that BS (an affectionate, patronizing ideology) reflects inequality and is a cross-culturally pervasive complement to HS. The idea that "prejudice is an antipathy" (Allport, 1954, p. 9) is Fiske, 1996). Whereas HS is likely to elicit women's outrage, BS the bedrock on which virtually all prejudice theories are built. This may often obtain their acquiescence, as it works effectively and assumption has blinded social psychologists to the true nature of invisibly to promote gender inequality. sexism (and perhaps other prejudices as well; see Fiske, Xu, We present evidence that (a) HS and BS are pervasive across Cuddy, & Glick, 1999; Glick & Fiske, in press; Jackman, 1994), cultures, supporting the contention that they originate in social and which encompasses not just hostile sexism (HS) but also benevo- biological factors common among human groups, (b) HS and BS lent sexism (BS), a subjectively positive orientation of protection, are complementary ideologies, such that nations in which HS is idealization, and affection directed toward women that, like HS, strongly endorsed are those in which BS is strongly endorsed, (c) serves to justify women's subordinate status to men (Glick & HS and BS predict opposing valences in attitudes toward women, Peter Glick, Department of Psychology, Lawrence University; Susan T. versity of Perugia, Italy; Nuray Sakalh, Department of Psychology, Middle Fiske, Department of Psychology, Princeton University; Antonio Mladinic, East Technical University, Turkey; Bola Udegbe, Department of Psychol- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica de Chile, ogy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Mariko Yamamoto and Miyoko Ui, Chile; Jos4 L. Saiz, Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Fron- Department of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Maria Cristina tera, Chile; Dominic Abrams and Barbara Masser, Department of Psychol- Ferreira, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; ogy, University of Kent at Canterbury, England; Bolanle Adetoun, Depart- Wilson L6pez L6pez, Department of Psychology, Universidad Konrad ment of Counselling, Centre for Sustainable Development and Gender Lorenz, Bogat,-t, Colombia. Issues, Nigeria; Johnstone E. Osagie, School of Business, Alcorn State Barbara Masser is now at the School of Psychology, University of University; Adebowale Akande, School of Behavioral Science, Potchef- Queensland, Australia; Thomas Eckes is now at the Department of Psy- stroom University, South Africa; Amos Alao, Department of Counselling, chology, University of Dresden, Germany; and Angelica Mucchi-Faina is University of Botswana, Botswana; Annetje Brunner and Tineke M. Wil- now at the Department of Sociology, University of Rome "La Sapienza." lemsen, Depamnent of Women's Studies, Tilburg University, the Nether- We are grateful to Alice Eagly, Wendy Wood, and Laura Mourino-Casas lands; Kettie Chipeta, KC Consultancy, Botswana; Benoit Dardenne, De- (of the United Nations Development Programme) for their advice on the partment of Psychology, University of Liege, Belgium; Ap Dijksterhuis use of the United Nations indices of gender equality (and to Tony Man- and Daniel Wigboldus, Department of Social Psychology, University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Thomas Eckes, Department of Psychology, stead for originally pointing us in this direction); Felicia Pratto for her University of Wuppertal, Germany; Iris Six-Materna, Department of Psy- comments on the manuscript; Paul Norris, for help retrieving previously chology, University of Kiel, Germany; Francisca Exp6sito and Miguel collected ASI data; and Maggie Thomas, Dara Rakun, Kunal Saigal, Moya, Department of Psychology, Universidad de Granada, Spain; Mar- Vibhuthi Hate, Tetteh Otuteye, Rob Reff, and Cindy Prochnow for their garet Foddy, School of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia; Hyun- help coding data. Jeong Kim, Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University, South Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Peter Korea; Mafia Lameiras and Mafia Jos6 Sotelo, Department of Psychosocial Glick, Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis- and Educational Analysis and Intervention, Universidad de Vigo, Spain; consin 54912-0599. Electronic mail may be sent to peter.s.glick@ Angelica Mucchi-Falna and Myrna Romani, Institute of Pedagogy, Uni- lawrence.edu. 763 764 GLICK ET AL. (d) women, as compared with men, reject HS but often accept BS, ments and increasing gender equality threaten traditional male a tendency most pronounced in more sexist cultures, where women dominance, HS may be directed most strongly at women who may experience heightened needs for the protection, idealization, challenge men's power (e.g., feminists) and status (e.g., career and affection BS promises, and (e) national HS and BS averages women), as well as toward women who are perceived as using predict variation in gender inequality across nations. their sexual allure to gain power over men (e.g., temptresses). However, sexual reproduction and men's dependence on women Hostile and Benevolent Sexism to fulfill domestic roles create a dependency and intimacy between the sexes that counterbalances sexist hostility with a subjectively Cross-culturally, women, relative to men, are a disadvantaged benevolent view of women, BS. Although men dominate cross- group, as indicated by, for example, differences in earnings and the culturally, they rely on women to produce and to nurture offspring, low percentage of women in the most powerful roles in business for domestic labor, and to fulfill sexual and intimacy needs, and government (United Nations Development Programme, 1998). lending women power in intimate relationships (Guttentag & Sec- Nevertheless, Eagly and Mladinic (1994) found that women are ord, 1983). This dependence, Glick and Fiske (1996) argued, actually stereotyped more positively than men are, with men as precipitates subjectively benevolent but paternalistic attitudes to- well as women attributing highly favorable traits (e.g., warmth and ward women, as men "can't live without them." BS is sexist in that nurturance) to women. For an antipathy model of prejudice, the it presumes women's inferiority (it recognizes and reinforces pa- coexistence of women's general subordination and Eagly and triarchy by portraying women as needing men to protect and Mladinic's "women are wonderful" effect is a paradox. One alter- provide for them) hut is subjectively positive (from the perspective native is that women are viewed positively on some dimensions, of the sexist perceiver) in that it characterizes (at least some) such as warmth, and negatively on others, such as competence women as wonderful, pure creatures whose love is required to (Eagly & Mladinic~ 1994; Fiske, 1998; Fiske et al., 1999; Glick & make a man whole. Like I-IS, BS encompasses attitudes related to Fiske, in press). Another related alternative is that subjectively power, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality. favorable attitudes toward women can themselves be a form of The 22-item Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI; Glick & Fiske, prejudice in that they s~erve to justify and maintain women's 1996), initially developed and validated in six studies (involving subordination. both college students and older adults) in the United States (Glick Glick and Fiske (1996) hypothesized that hostile and benevolent & Fiske, 1996), is a self-report measure of sexist attitudes com- attitudes toward women are complementary components of sexism posed of separate 11-item I-IS and BS subscales (see Appendix). common among past and present human societies. Apart from HS is evidenced by an adversarial view of gender relations in anecdotal evidence that polarized attitudes toward women (e.g., which women are perceived as seeking to control men, whether the virgin-whore dichotomy; Tavris & Wade, 1984) have existed through sexuality or feminist ideology.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction and Purpose Pets Provide Constant and Unconditional Love and Affection
    Introduction and Purpose Pets provide constant and unconditional love and affection (Brasic, 1998). Over 50% of households in the world have a pet (Bonas, 2000; Beck 1999; Fogle, 1983). There are more than 60 million pet dogs and nearly 70 million pet cats in the U.S. (AVMA, 2002). Pet owners often describe their pets as important and cherished family members who offer comfort in times of stress (Allen, 2003). In fact, pets can decrease anxiety and sympathetic nervous system arousal by providing a pleasing external focus for attention. This can often promote feelings of safety and provide a source of contact comfort. In return, people perceive pets as important, supportive parts of their lives. They provide companionship, decrease loneliness, decrease depression, provide a source of energy (Friedmann, Thomas, & Eddy, 2000), and promote an interesting and varied lifestyle, as well as an opportunity for nurturing (Allen, Blascovich, & Mendes, 2002; Odendaal, 2002). While the beneficial impact of pets on humans has been demonstrated, the role of human-pet attachment has not. Specifically, researchers have studied whether the presence of a pet in a family influences people, but research has not explored the extent to which the degree of attachment between the human and companion animal influences the benefits of having a pet. The present research was designed to develop a scale to measure the degree of attachment between a pet owner and his or her companion animal. In other words, the present study provides a measurement tool that will enable researchers to define human-animal attachment beyond the simple all-or-none definition used heretofore.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Adults with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
    AUSTRALIAN GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ADULTS WITH Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder The development of these guidelines has been generously supported by: Emergency Management Australia Department of Veterans’ Affairs Department of Defence © Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, 2007 ISBN Print: 978-0-9752246-9-4 ISBN Online: 978-0-9752246-6-3 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (ACPMH). Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health ([email protected]). Copies of the full guidelines, and brief guides for practitioners and the public are available online: http://www.acpmh.unimelb.edu.au http://www.nhmrc.gov.au The suggested citation for this document is: Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (2007). Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Adults with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. ACPMH, Melbourne, Victoria. Legal disclaimer This document is a general guide to appropriate practice, to be followed only subject to the practitioner’s judgement in each individual case. The guidelines are designed to provide information to assist decision making and are based on the best information available at the date of publication. In recognition of the pace of advances in the field, it is recommended that the guidelines be reviewed and updated in five years time. These guidelines were approved by the Chief Executive Officer of the National Health and Medical Research Council on 8 February 2007 under Section 14A of the National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Affection: Natural Law Or Natural Selection, and Does It Matter? Louis W
    Natural Affection: Natural Law or Natural Selection, and Does It Matter? Louis W. Hensler III ©2017 Natural Affection’s Historical Significance A. In the Bible 1. Storge (“natural affection”) is one of several Greek words for “love,” but it is never used at all in the protestant Bible (either the Septuagint or the New Testament). It refers to the natural love that members of the same family have for each other. 2. Apocrypha a. Two minor occurrences in 2 Maccabees (6:20 and 9:21), which is part of the Deuterocanonical. b. Several significant occurrences in 3 and 4 Maccabees (3 Maccabees 5:32; 4 Maccabees 14:13-14,17; 15:6,9,13), which have not been accepted into any Scriptural canon. 3. Two occurrences of astorgos of in the New Testament: a. “Without understanding, covenant breakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful” (Romans 1:31) (KJV). b. “In the last days . men shall be . without natural affection . .” (II Timothy 3:1– 3)(KJV). 4. Solomon’s chain of inference in 1 Kings 3:16-28. B. Speeches of Cicero 1. “Love of one’s own family, sui, says Cicero, is demanded by common humanity: we naturally hold them dear, cari, and find them agreeable, iucundi . In general, the relationship most often exploited in the speeches is that between parent and child.” Treggiari, Susan. Putting the family across: Cicero on natural affection. na, 2005 at 16. 2. “Cicero argues that the instinct of a father to love his son is so strong that only serious faults would cause him ‘to manage to conquer nature herself, to cast out from his heart that deeply rooted love, to forget that he is a father.’” Treggiari at 21.
    [Show full text]
  • Love Beyond Affection but Is This an Adequate Description of Love? Love Cannot Be Reduced to an Ephemeral Emotion
    Love beyond affection But is this an adequate description of love? Love cannot be reduced to an ephemeral emotion. True, It isn’t very long after the sun sets on December 25 it engages our affectivity, but in order to open it to that merchants begin to roll out the Valentine’s Day the beloved and thus to blaze a trail leading away boxes of candy and the heart-shaped greeting cards from self-centeredness and towards another waxing eloquent about love. For those of us intent person, in order to build a lasting relationship; love on celebrating a full Christmas Season, it is a little aims at union with the beloved. Here we begin to bit annoying. see how love requires truth. Only to the extent that love is grounded in truth can it endure over time, The Daily Masses of those few weeks of the can it transcend the passing moment and be Christmas Season, from which we just emerged, sufficiently solid to sustain a shared journey. If love included a series of readings from the First Letter of is not tied to truth, it falls prey to fickle emotions John. It is in that letter that love is predicated of and cannot stand the test of time. True love, on the God in a most absolute way: “God is Love.” From other hand, unifies all the elements of our person this, the evangelist launches on an extended and becomes a new light pointing the way to a great reflection of love as the essential character of and fulfilled life.
    [Show full text]
  • About Emotions There Are 8 Primary Emotions. You Are Born with These
    About Emotions There are 8 primary emotions. You are born with these emotions wired into your brain. That wiring causes your body to react in certain ways and for you to have certain urges when the emotion arises. Here is a list of primary emotions: Eight Primary Emotions Anger: fury, outrage, wrath, irritability, hostility, resentment and violence. Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, despair, loneliness, and depression. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, dread, fright, and panic. Joy: enjoyment, happiness, relief, bliss, delight, pride, thrill, and ecstasy. Interest: acceptance, friendliness, trust, kindness, affection, love, and devotion. Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, astound, and wonder. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, aversion, distaste, and revulsion. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, regret, and contrition. All other emotions are made up by combining these basic 8 emotions. Sometimes we have secondary emotions, an emotional reaction to an emotion. We learn these. Some examples of these are: o Feeling shame when you get angry. o Feeling angry when you have a shame response (e.g., hurt feelings). o Feeling fear when you get angry (maybe you’ve been punished for anger). There are many more. These are NOT wired into our bodies and brains, but are learned from our families, our culture, and others. When you have a secondary emotion, the key is to figure out what the primary emotion, the feeling at the root of your reaction is, so that you can take an action that is most helpful. .
    [Show full text]
  • Tom Nichols Dissects the Dangerous Antipathy to Expertise. by Lydialyle Gibson
    The Mirage of Knowledge Tom Nichols dissects the dangerous antipathy to expertise. by Lydialyle Gibson everal years ago, Tom Nichols started writing a book were no longer merely uninformed, Nichols says, but “aggressively about ignorance and unreason in American public discourse— wrong” and unwilling to learn. They actively resisted facts that might and then he watched it come to life all around him, in ways alter their preexisting beliefs. They insisted that all opinions, how- starker than he had imagined. A political scientist who has ever uninformed, be treated as equally serious. And they rejected Staught for more than a decade in the Harvard Extension School, he professional know-how, he says, with such anger. That shook him. had begun noticing what he perceived as a new and accelerating— Skepticism toward intellectual authority is bone-deep in the and dangerous—hostility toward established knowledge. People American character, as much a part of the nation’s origin story as 32 March - April 2018 Photograph by Stu Rosner Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 the founders’ Enlightenment principles. Overall, Security. A self-described “’80s guy” in loafers and khakis, he is 57, that skepticism is a healthy impulse, Nichols be- a mix of warmth and directness and slight exasperation. There’s a lieves. But what he was observing was something brisk, suffer-no-fools self-assurance about him. Somehow he always else, something malignant and deliberate, a collapse seems to be in motion, even when he is standing still. of functional citizenship. “Americans have reached The Death of Expertise began as a cri de coeur on his now-defunct a point where ignorance, especially of anything re- blog in late 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Newspapers and Military Blogs a Thesis Presented to the Faculty
    Tell It if You Can: A Study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Newspapers and Military Blogs A thesis presented to The faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Lu Wu May 2013 © 2013 Lu Wu. All Rights Reserved. This thesis titled Tell It if You Can: A Study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Newspapers and Military Blogs by LU WU has been approved for the E. W. Scripps School of Journalism and the Scripps College of Communication by Ellen J. Gerl Associate Professor of Journalism Scott Titsworth Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii ABSTRACT WU, LU, M.S., May 2013, Journalism Tell It if You Can: A Study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Newspapers and Military Blogs Director of Thesis: Ellen J. Gerl This study investigates the differences in the delineation of post-traumatic stress disorder in newspapers and in military blogs. Through thematic analysis of selected newspaper articles and blog posts, the research examines the different categories and themes that exist in newspapers’ and weblogs’ coverage of PTSD among military members and veterans. Marked differences are found among newspaper and blogs. It further discusses the function of both media in the PTSD “imagined community.” The content of newspaper articles is focused on the overall picture of PTSD in the military society, but overlooks the individual struggles. In addition, newspaper coverage tends to frame PTSD negatively. The blog contents are more personalized and emotion-driven, providing details of daily life and experience, but could not compete with newspapers on quality journalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Associations Between Pet Attachment, Attitudes to Animals, Compassion, and Humane Behaviour
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Childhood Attachment to Pets: Associations between Pet Attachment, Attitudes to Animals, Compassion, and Humane Behaviour Roxanne D. Hawkins 1,*, Joanne M. Williams 1 and Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Scottish SPCA) 2 1 Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK; [email protected] 2 Kingseat Road, Halbeath, Dunfermline KY11 8PQ, Fife, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Paul B. Tchounwou Received: 6 March 2017; Accepted: 24 April 2017; Published: 6 May 2017 Abstract: Attachment to pets has an important role in children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development, mental health, well-being, and quality of life. This study examined associations between childhood attachment to pets and caring and friendship behaviour, compassion, and attitudes towards animals. This study also examined socio-demographic differences, particularly pet ownership and pet type. A self-report survey of over one thousand 7 to 12 year-olds in Scotland, UK, revealed that the majority of children are strongly attached to their pets, but attachment scores differ depending on pet type and child gender. Analysis revealed that attachment to pets is facilitated by compassion and caring and pet-directed friendship behaviours and that attachment to pets significantly predicts positive attitudes towards animals. The findings have implications for the promotion of prosocial and humane behaviour. Encouraging children to participate in pet care behaviour may promote attachment between children and their pet, which in turn may have a range of positive outcomes for both children (such as reduced aggression, better well-being, and quality of life) and pets (such as humane treatment).
    [Show full text]
  • Associations and the Establishment of Musical Expression Dissertation
    Known by the Company It Keeps: Associations and the Establishment of Musical Expression Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ryan Clifford Jordan, M.A. Graduate Program in Philosophy The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Lee B. Brown, Co-advisor Daniel Farrell, Co-advisor Diana Raffman Sukjae Lee Donald Hubin Copyright by Ryan Clifford Jordan 2009 Abstract I argue for an association theory of musical expression, whereby music acquires its expressive character through associations with extra - musical content. Musical works can be roughly categorized into two groups: absolute works—works, such as Bach’s “Invention No. 13 in A minor” and Scriabin’s “Prelude in B major, Op. 2, No.2”, that are not accompanied by any descriptive title, text, or program—and non-absolute works—works, such as Schubert’s “Ave Maria” and Williams’ Theme from Harry Potter, that are. I argue that the best approach to developing a theory of musical expression begins with an analysis of non-absolute music. Analyzing non-absolute music, I show that musical expression is intimately tied up with associations that stem from those texts, titles, and programs. The benefit of this approach is that it straightforwardly explains not only non-absolute music’s expressive properties, but also how absolute music has its expressive properties. I argue that expression is tied up not only with whole pieces but also with musical elements such as timbre, rhythm, tempo, and melodic gestures. These musica l elements are the same in both absolute and non-absolute music, so associations established with non-absolute music simply carry through to the absolute musical ii works.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action in Law Schools: a Settler Harm Reduction Ap
    TOWARDS IMPLEMENTING THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION’S CALLS TO ACTION IN LAW SCHOOLS: A SETTLER HARM REDUCTION APPROACH TO RACIAL STEREOTYPING AND PREJUDICE AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND INDIGENOUS LEGAL ORDERS IN CANADIAN LEGAL EDUCATION SCOTT J. FRANKS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW OSGOODE HALL LAW SCHOOL YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO August 2020 © Scott J. Franks, 2020 Abstract Many Canadian law schools are in the process of implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Call to Actions #28 and #50. Promising initiatives include mandatory courses, Indigenous cultural competency, and Indigenous law intensives. However, processes of social categorization and racialization subordinate Indigenous peoples and their legal orders in Canadian legal education. These processes present a barrier to the implementation of the Calls. To ethically and respectfully implement these Calls, faculty and administration must reduce racial stereotyping and prejudice against Indigenous peoples and Indigenous legal orders in legal education. I propose that social psychology on racial prejudice and stereotyping may offer non- Indigenous faculty and administration a familiar framework to reduce the harm caused by settler beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to Indigenous students, professors, and staff, and to Indigenous legal orders. Although social psychology may offer a starting point for settler harm reduction, its application must remain critically oriented towards decolonization. ii Acknowledgments I have a lot of people to acknowledge. This thesis is very much a statement of who I am right now and how that sense of self has been shaped by others.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mortal Antipathy
    A MORTAL ANTIPATHY Oliver Wendell Holmes A MORTAL ANTIPATHY Table of Contents A MORTAL ANTIPATHY......................................................................................................................................1 Oliver Wendell Holmes.................................................................................................................................1 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................1 FIRST OPENING OF THE NEW PORTFOLIO.......................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................2 I. GETTING READY..................................................................................................................................14 II. THE BOAT−RACE................................................................................................................................19 III. THE WHITE CANOE...........................................................................................................................22 IV.................................................................................................................................................................24 V. THE ENIGMA STUDIED......................................................................................................................29
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Effects of Contact on Non-Aboriginal People’S Attitudes Toward Aboriginal People
    CAN CONTACT MAKE A DIFFERENCE?: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF CONTACT ON NON-ABORIGINAL PEOPLE’S ATTITUDES TOWARD ABORIGINAL PEOPLE A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research For the Degree of Master of Arts In the Department of Political Studies University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Erin Lashta Copyright Erin Lashta, April 2015. All rights reserved. Permission to Use In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis/dissertation in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Political Studies University of Saskatchewan 9 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada S7N 5A5 OR Dean College of Graduate Studies and Research University of Saskatchewan 107 Administration Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada S7N 5A2 i Abstract Utilizing survey data collected through the City Planning and Indigeneity on the Prairies (CPIP) Project in the summer of 2014 this thesis examines what, if any, affect contact between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people has on non-Aboriginal people’s racial attitudes.
    [Show full text]