DOCSLIB.ORG

Our Continent, Our Future : African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment Includes Bibliographical References and Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Our Continent, Our Future : African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment Includes Bibliographical References and Index OUR CONTINENT, OUR FUTURE This page intentionally left blank OUR CONTINENT, OUR FUTURE African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment Thandika Mkandawire & Charles C. Soludo INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE COUNCIL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN AFRICA AFRICA WORLD PRESS © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. COUNCIL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN AFRICA Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Angle Canal IV, BP 3304 Dakar, Senegal ISBN 2-86978-074-5 CODESRIA would like to express its gratitude to the Swedish Development Co-operation Agency (SIDA/SAREC), the Rockefeller Foundation, the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the Ford Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, the European Union, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Danish Agency for International Development (DANIDA), the Dutch Government, and the Government of Senegal for support of its research and publication activities. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1G 3H9 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Mkandawire, P. Thandika Our continent, our future : African perspectives on structural adjustment Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88936-855-4 1. Structural adjustment (Economic policy) — Africa. 2. Africa — Economic conditions — 1960– . 3. Africa — Economic policy. 4. Africa — Social conditions — 1960– . I. Soludo, Charles Chukwuma. II. International Development Research Centre (Canada). III. Title. HC800.M55 1998 338.96 C98-901277-8 AFRICA WORLD PRESS, INC. PO Box 1892, Trenton, NJ, USA / PO Box 48, Asmara, Eritrea Contents Foreword . vii Acknowledgments . ix Introduction . xi Chapter 1 BACKGROUND — ASSESSING INITIAL CONDITIONS . 1 Physical conditions . 3 Human capital . 4 Economic performance . 5 Social development . 15 Overall political-economic structure . 18 Conclusions . 20 Chapter 2 THE CRISIS — DIAGNOSIS AND PRESCRIPTIONS . 21 Explaining the crisis . 22 Prescriptions . 40 Chapter 3 THE ADJUSTMENT EXPERIENCE . 49 Results . 49 Governance and state capacity . 75 The nature of success . 77 Extent of reform and degree of compliance . 81 v vi Our Continent, Our Future Chapter 4 WIDENING THE ROAD AHEAD . 87 Broadening the fundamentals . 89 Financing industrialization . 107 Agrarian revolution and reforms . 112 Mobilization of resources . 114 Reducing the debt . 121 Regional integration . 123 Sociopolitical fundamentals . 124 Developmental states, once again . 126 Conclusions . 138 Appendix — Abbreviations and Acronyms . 143 Bibliography . 145 Index . 155 Foreword Africa’s dismal economic performance over the past 20 years has given rise to a number of attempts to explain and understand the causes of such performance. Growth regressions of various vintages identified a large, negative “African dummy” indicating that, indeed, African growth rates were far below those in other regions of the world. As well, most studies seem to confirm the importance of the core variables targeted under past adjustment programs: inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, and budget deficit. However, despite nearly two decades of reform, much of Africa remains impoverished. A major irony of African development history is that the theories and models employed have largely come from outside the continent. No other region of the world has been so dominated by external ideas and models. A growing number of institutions and scholars have expressed serious concerns about this foreign domination, issuing a clarion call for Africans to lead in the reform process and to think for themselves. This major challenge is answered by this book. Our Continent, Our Future presents an attempt by a number of African scholars to regain the initiative in matters relating to the future development of Africa. It presents an African perspective on the accu- mulated evidence about Africa’s poor economic performance and is in keeping with the recent call by the Chief Economist to the World Bank, J. Stiglitz, for a search for wider goals and more instruments in a move beyond the Washington Consensus. vii viii Our Continent, Our Future A simple, straightforward, and correct reading of the accumulated evidence clearly shows that first-generation, or orthodox, adjustment programs did not answer Africa’s fundamental development questions. Evidence also demonstrates development work must transcend narrow concerns of macroeconomic stabilization. African policymakers and scholars have consistently called for a broadening of the objectives of development to include sustainability, equity, and governance. It is perhaps comforting that this call is now being widely heard and accepted. Thandika Mkandawire and Charles Soludo, two of Africa’s top scholars, have been active participants for many years in the debates on adjustment in Africa. In this book, they provide a succinct, yet compre- hensive synthesis of the adjustment debate from a truly African perspective. They urge Africans to re-enter the debate and to take control in charting their socioeconomic and development future. In light of the recent eco- nomic crisis in Asia, where development success was hitherto proclaimed, this call is all the more pertinent and timely. History and experience have taught us that development is a complex process and that no one has all the answers. At the turn of the millennium, Africans must take a long and hard look at their develop- ment problematique because, in the end, only Africans can develop Africa. This book provides important input in the search for a new consensus on Africa’s development agenda in the 21st century. I strongly recommend it to policymakers, analysts, researchers, academics, and development professionals around the world. K.Y. Amoaka Executive Secretary Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Acknowledgments In writing this synthesis volume, we have drawn extensively from some of the papers prepared under the case studies. The very stimulating discussions and debates during the two workshops on this project also influenced some of the arguments here. We thank members of the steering committee (Ali A.G. Ali; E. Inanga; A. Oyejide; G. Ssemogerere; T. Tshibaka; S. Wangwe) for their overall guidance. In particular, we thank Dr Osita Ogbu for his comments and tireless insistence on excellence and the “Africanness” of the viewpoints, as well as Professors Ali Ali and Eno Inanga for their insight- ful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft. Madame Ngone Tine provided able research assistance for the project, and the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa — the host institution — provided excellent support and coordination. The African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) also gave logistical assistance during one of the meetings of the Steering Committee, and we benefited from contacts with researchers from AERC during one of its annual meetings. We also thank the Centre for Development Research, in Copenhagen, for its hospi- tality during the final writing of the document. Finally, we thank the International Development Research Centre, the Swedish International Development Authority, the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs for their financial assistance. In addition to the Steering Committee, we thank the following, who were project participants: S. Adejumobi, M. Ayogu, B. Bouabré, G. Daffé, A. Diagne, C. Dordunoo, O. Eghosa, D. Ekpenyong, C. Emenuga, C. Ewonkem, N. Hussain, C.V Izeogu, M. Jama, T.L. Kasongo, E.W.E. Khidir, O. Kouassy, N.A. Lumumba, R. Meena, H.P.B. Moshi, F. Mwega, F. Ogwumike, A. Olukoshi, T. Oshikoya, A. Salau, and H.H. Semboja. ix This page intentionally left blank Introduction For almost two decades, countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have implemented structural-adjustment programs (SAPs), and at the threshold of a new millennium, Africa may be graduating from being a region with “lost development decades” to becoming the world’s “forgotten continent.” After more than a decade of acrimonious debates and tonnes of evaluation reports, there is an increasing convergence of views that SAPs have not worked and that, as designed, they are grossly defective as a policy package for addressing the endemic poverty and pervasive underdevelopment of the region. In Adjustment in Africa, the World Bank (1994, p. 1) insisted, contrary to all evidence (including several of its own contradictory reports), that “adjustment is working.” More recently, however, such self-assurances of the past seem to be giving way to a subdued humility, expressed in such phrases as “development everywhere is a complex phenomenon,” “nobody has all the answers,” “learning from experience,” and “rapidly changing realities.” This recent “rethinking” and admission that the Bretton Woods institutions (BWIs) do not have all the answers signal an imperative for Africans to devise strategies for the future of their countries. One also hopes that others can be persuaded to be more open minded in “policy dialogues” with their African counterparts. On their part, African scholars and policymakers have been largely critical of the SAPs in their disparate writings on the subject. A careful reading of the writings of these African scholars
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discussing Neopatrimonialism and Patronal Presidentialism in the Central Asian Context
    DISCUSSING NEOPATRIMONIALISM AND PATRONAL PRESIDENTIALISM IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN CONTEXT MARLENE LARUELLE RESEARCH PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Abstract: This article first introduces the recent theoretical advances achieved through the concept of neopatrimonalism. Next, it links neopatrimonialism to the concept of patronal presidentialism, which has been used in the Eurasian space. It then analyzes the societal and economic mechanisms of these patronal regimes, deconstructs the links between patronage and “clan politics,” and insists on the hybrid character of the norms and legitimacies of these regimes, thereby asserting that there is room for change and innovation. It concludes by discussing the cumulative knowledge offered by this special issue examining Central Asia. The concept of patrimonialism is both multidimensional and multi- disciplinary. Its origins lie in Max Weber’s sociology of domination and legitimacy, which defines three types of authority: traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational bureaucratic. According to Weber, institutions are the impersonal source of individual bonds in Western democracies, while the 301 302 Demokratizatsiya separation of public and private does not exist in ancient or medieval patri- monial societies.1 In the 1960s, African independence revived debates on “modern patrimonialism” and the personal rule that seemed to define many sub-Saharan African regimes.2 In 1973, following the work of Guenther Roth on “modern patrimonialism,” Shmuel Eisenstadt proposed to employ the prefix neo- in order to dissociate a patrimonialism based on the tradi- tional legitimacies from contemporary regimes that rely on more diverse mechanisms of legitimation, for example, taking into account the influence of external actors and a more binding international legal system.3 Although this addition makes sense at the empirical level, it has remained contro- versial because the border between “traditional” and “modern” is slippery.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Adjustment Programs and the Delivery of Health Care in the Third World
    Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Pell Scholars and Senior Theses Salve's Dissertations and Theses 5-1-2007 Structural Adjustment Programs and the Delivery of Health Care in the Third World Bianca Brunelli Salve Regina University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses Part of the Health Policy Commons Brunelli, Bianca, "Structural Adjustment Programs and the Delivery of Health Care in the Third World" (2007). Pell Scholars and Senior Theses. 16. https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Salve's Dissertations and Theses at Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pell Scholars and Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Structural Adjustment 2 Introduction “We did not think that the human costs of these programs could be so great, and the economic gains so slow in coming” World Bank Chief Economist for Africa, quoted in Dark Victory: The United States, structural adjustment, and global poverty (Bello, 1994). The history of structural adjustment can best be understood by beginning in 1944 with the creation of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. These institutions would become involved in the 1982 Third World debt crisis in order to solve global economic difficulties. While the World Bank and IMF were originally were not created for the purpose of Third World debt relief, this is exactly what they became involved in. Third World governments would be “structurally adjusted” according to neoliberal economic theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Structural Adjustments in Sub-Saharan Africa
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository The University Dialogue Discovery Program 2005 Globalization and structural adjustments in sub-Saharan Africa Joe L.P. Lugalla University of New Hampshire, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/discovery_ud Part of the African Studies Commons, and the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lugalla, Joe L.P., "Globalization and structural adjustments in sub-Saharan Africa" (2005). The University Dialogue. 8. https://scholars.unh.edu/discovery_ud/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Discovery Program at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The University Dialogue by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A UNIVERSITY DIALOGUE ON GLOBALIZATION 2005–2006 41 Globalization and Structural Adjustments in sub-Saharan Africa (A New Dimension of Neo-Colonialism) JOE L.P.LUGALLA (PH .D.) P ROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Introduction New Features and Trends in Globalization The concept of “globalization” is not more than twenty Although it is evident that globalization is nothing more years old, but the social, economic, political, and than an expansion of capitalist relations of production cultural processes that have been associated with global- at a global scale, there are however significant differ- ization have existed for many years. “Globalization” ences in the way this expansion has taken place through- refers to the increasing movement and exchange of out history. Each period has tended to be unique and capital, commerce, communication, and culture world- has been characterized by specific new features that have wide (Green 2001:2).
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL AGREEMENT on RESTRICTED C/RM/S/14A 3 June 1991 TARIFFS and TRADE Limited Distribution
    GENERAL AGREEMENT ON RESTRICTED C/RM/S/14A 3 June 1991 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution COUNCIL TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE Report by the Secretariat In pursuance of the CONTRACTING PARTIES' Decision of 12 April 1989 concerning the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (L/6490), the Secretariat submits herewith Volume A (Text) of its report on the Republic of Chile. Volume B (Tables and Appendices) is presented in document C/RM/S/14B. The report is drawn up by the Secretariat on its own responsibility. It is based on the information available to the Secretariat and that provided by the Republic of Chile. As required by the Decision, in preparing its report the Secretariat has sought clarification from the Republic of Chile on its trade policies and practices. Document C/RM/G/14 contains the report submitted by the Government of the Republic of Chile. NOTE TO DELEGATIONS Until further notice, this document is subject to a press embargo. 91-0726 C/RM/S/14A Page (i) CONTENTS Page SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS vii (1) Chile in World Trade vii (2) Institutional Framework x (3) Trade Policy Features and Trends xi (i) Recent evolution xii (ii) Type and incidence of trade policy instruments xiii (iii) Temporary measures xviii (iv) New initiatives xix (4) Trade Policies and Foreign Trading Partners xix I. THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 1 (1) Major Features of the Chilean Economy 1 (i) Agriculture 1 (ii) Mining 2 (iii) Manufacturing and services 3 (2) Recent Economic Performance 4 (3) Trade Performance 8 (i) Commodity pattern of merchandise trade 8 (ii) Regional pattern of trade 10 (4) Outlook 12 C/RM/S/14A Page (ii) Page II.
    [Show full text]
  • Trade and Crisis in the Making of Political Institutions
    GLOBALIZATION AND STATE DEVELOPMENT: TRADE AND CRISIS IN THE MAKING OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Don R. Leonard January, 2014 © 2014 Don R. Leonard GLOBALIZATION AND STATE DEVELOPMENT: TRADE AND CRISIS IN THE MAKING OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS Don R. Leonard, Ph. D. Cornell University 2014 Political institutions have been shown to play a key role in determining economic outcomes. Where do these institutions come from, and how do they change over time? Examining the puzzle of institutional divergence on the island of Hispaniola, this dissertation identifies conditions under which international economic crises lead to the emergence of a developmental state. Haiti adjusted to the global economic crisis of the 1930s through rent-seeking policies that reinforced existing patterns of state predation and economic decay. Why, despite many similarities with Haiti including geography, regime type, and agro-export dependency, did the Dominican Republic pursue developmentalist policies of import substitution when adjusting to the same crisis— policies that transformed the economic purpose of state institutions and culminated in the fastest growing economy in Latin America over the second half of the twentieth century? Among non-industrialized countries I find that the costs of a prolonged foreign exchange crisis, and the import scarcities that ensue, are borne disproportionately by the middle classes. I also find that the ability of markets in non-industrialized countries to replace foreign imports with domestically produced substitutes is constrained by investment coordination problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Embedded Neopatrimonialism: Patriarchy and Democracy in Turkey
    Social Politics 2017 Volume 24 Number 3 Embedded Neopatrimonialism: Patriarchy and Democracy in Turkey Meral Ugur-Cinar* This article argues that patriarchal discourses can play a legitimizing role for the undemocratic elements of regimes. It focuses on neopatrimonial regimes in con- temporary politics, which create impediments to democracy. Showing neopatri- monialism’s link to patriarchal discourses, the study highlights the need to situate neopatrimonialism beyond its dominant contemporary usage as material ex- change between the ruler and the ruled for political support. The Turkish case is analyzed to show how neopatrimonial acts of politicians are justified with a patri- archal discourse that is paternalistic and serves to reinforce personalistic rule, de- legitimize opposition, and suppress pluralism. Introduction Yet another routine day in Turkish politics: “You cannot bring women and men to equal conditions,” President Erdogan stated, “it is against their na- ture.” This statement, ironically made at the Women and Justice Summit (CNN Turk 2014B), echoes his previous statements (for similar statements see: Bianet 2014; Hogg and Pamuk 2014; Steinvorth 2012). Nor is Erdogan alone. For example, one of the co-founders of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi—AKP), Bu¨lent Arınc¸, has argued that a woman “should not laugh loudly in front of all the world and should preserve her decency at all times” (The Guardian 2014). Such statements broadly represent the governing mentality in Turkish poli- tics. According to the Gender Gap Index, Turkey ranks 130th out of 144 coun- tries (World Economic Forum 2016). The literature on Turkey has shown how the status of women has been negatively impacted by the joint trends of conservatism and neoliberalism under AKP rule (Cosar and Yegenoglu, 2011), which exposes women to market insecurities and reinforces their domestic roles (Bugra 2014; Yılmaz S¸ener 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Links Between African Underdevelopment in Colonial and Post-Colonial Times: the Role of Structural Adjustment Programs
    Exploring the Links Between African Underdevelopment in Colonial and Post-colonial Times: The Role of Structural Adjustment Programs Sarai-Anne Ikenze Department of Political Science Lund University [email protected] Draft for presentation at the AEHN 14th Annual Meeting Please do not cite or circulate Abstract Colonial legacy has long been presented as a leading cause of contemporary African underdevelopment. The relationship between underdevelopment during the colonial period and underdevelopment under international structural adjustment programs in the 1980s and 1990s has been highlighted by several scholars. One argument forwarded is that structural adjustment programs were merely a neo-colonial continuation of extractive colonial development strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in overreliance on cash crop agriculture and natural resource extraction rather than development of industry and diversification of the economy. However, there has been little systematic analysis exploring measurable similarities between colonial development strategies and the development strategies pursued by international financial institutions (IFIs) under structural adjustment. In order to fill this gap, this paper utilizes primary data sources to analyze the similarities between sectoral development strategies in the colonial and structural adjustment periods in nine former British colonies in Sub-Saharan Africa. First, I construct measures of the degree of focus on development of the agricultural, extractive, and industrial sectors in both time periods. I construct two types of measures: (1) a measure of the absolute focus on each of the sectors and (2) a measure of the proportion of focus on each of the sectors relative to the other sectors. I then use these measures to determine whether sectoral development strategies are similar across the two periods and what the nature of those similarities is.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Adjustment, Trade Liberalisation and Women's
    Yvonne Preiswerk et Anne Zwahlen (dir.) Les silences pudiques de l'économie Économie et rapports sociaux entre hommes et femmes Graduate Institute Publications Structural adjustment, trade liberalisation and women’s enjoyment of their economic and social rights Mariama Williams Kamara DOI: 10.4000/books.iheid.6025 Publisher: Graduate Institute Publications Place of publication: Graduate Institute Publications Year of publication: 1998 Published on OpenEdition Books: 9 August 2016 Serie: Genre et développement. Rencontres Electronic ISBN: 9782940503742 http://books.openedition.org Electronic reference WILLIAMS KAMARA, Mariama. Structural adjustment, trade liberalisation and women’s enjoyment of their economic and social rights In: Les silences pudiques de l'économie: Économie et rapports sociaux entre hommes et femmes [online]. Genève: Graduate Institute Publications, 1998 (generated 10 décembre 2020). Available on the Internet: <http://books.openedition.org/iheid/6025>. ISBN: 9782940503742. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/books.iheid.6025. STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, TRADE LIBERALISATION AND WOMEN’S ENJOYMENT OF THEIR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS Mariama WILLIAMS KAMARA December 10, 1998 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) which affirmed the essential dignity and integrity of human beings and their entitlement to the means necessary to promote and pro- tect human dignity. The UDHR recognized that human dignity and integrity could be impaired by political, social and economic factors such as restrictions
    [Show full text]
  • IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs and Poverty
    This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Managing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets Volume Author/Editor: Michael P. Dooley and Jeffrey A. Frankel, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-15540-4 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/dool03-1 Conference Date: March 28-31, 2001 Publication Date: January 2003 Title: IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs and Poverty Author: William Easterly URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9656 11 IMF and World Bank Structural Adjustment Programs and Poverty William Easterly Poverty reduction is in the news for both the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF website says: In September 1999, the objectives of the IMF’s concessional lending were broadened to include an explicit focus on poverty reduction in the con- text of a growth oriented strategy. The IMF will support, along with the World Bank, strategies elaborated by the borrowing country in a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). For its part, the World Bank headquarters has built into its lobby wall the slogan “our dream is a world free of poverty.” In a joint statement issued by the President of the World Bank and the Managing Director of the Inter- national Monetary Fund in April 2001, they declared poverty “the greatest challenge facing the international community” and an issue concerning which “the Bank and Fund have an important role to play” (World Bank and International Monetary Fund 2001, 2). The recent East Asian currency crisis and its aftershocks in other coun- tries generated intense concern about how the poor were faring under struc- tural adjustment programs supported by the Bank and the IMF.
    [Show full text]
  • Decolonization, Development, and Denial Natsu Taylor Saito
    Florida A & M University Law Review Volume 6 Number 1 Social Justice, Development & Equality: Article 1 Comparative Perspectives on Modern Praxis Fall 2010 Decolonization, Development, and Denial Natsu Taylor Saito Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.law.famu.edu/famulawreview Recommended Citation Natsu T. Saito, Decolonization, Development, and Denial, 6 Fla. A&M U. L. Rev. (2010). Available at: http://commons.law.famu.edu/famulawreview/vol6/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida A & M University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DECOLONIZATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND DENIAL Natsu Taylor Saito* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1 R 11. THE TRANSITION FROM DECOLONIZATION TO DEVELOPMENT ............................................. 6 R A. Inherently Contradictory:Decolonizing Under Colonial Rules ............................................ 8 R B. The Influence of InternationalFinancial Institutions . 12 R C. "Good Governance" and "FailedStates" ............... 17 R III. DEVELOPMENT AS A COLONIAL CONSTRUCT ................ 21 R A. "Guardianship"as a Justificationfor Colonial Appropriation.................................... 22 R B. Self-Determination and the League of Nation's Mandate System ................................. 25 R C. The Persistence of the Development Model ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa Anne Pitcher, Mary H
    Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa Anne Pitcher, Mary H. Moran, and Michael Johnston Abstract: Current usages of the terms patrimonial and neopatrimonial in the context of Africa are conceptually problematical and amount to a serious misreading of Weber. His use of the term patrimonial delineated a legitimate type of authority, not a type of regime, and included notions of reciprocity and voluntary compliance between rulers and the ruled. Those reciprocities enabled subjects to check the actions of rulers, which most analyses of (neo) patrimonialism overlook. We apply these insights to a case study of Botswana and suggest that scholars reconsider the application of Weber's concepts to African states. Introduction Is "neopatrimonialism" a pathology, analogy, cause, effect—or a term for all of Africa's troubles? How is it linked to Weber's notion of patrimonial authority, and what parts of it, precisely, are "neo"? Is it an attribute of most African states only, or are its causes and consequences generalizable to other countries and regions of the world? Indeed, given its myriad uses by scholars, does the term neopatrimonialism retain any analytical utility at all? We argue that the answer to that last question is "yes"—but that the mean- ing and its implications can be surprising. African Studies Review, Volume 52, Number 1 (April 2009), pp. 125-56 Anne Pitcher is a professor of political science at Colgate University and has studied politics in southern Africa for more than twenty years. She is currently complet- ing a manuscript that examines the interaction of party politics and economic reform in Mozambique, Zambia, and South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Neopatrimonialism Revisited – Beyond a Catch-All Concept
    GIGA Research Program: Legitimacy and Efficiency of Political Systems ___________________________ Neopatrimonialism Revisited – Beyond a Catch-All Concept Gero Erdmann and Ulf Engel N° 16 February 2006 www.giga-hamburg.de/workingpapers GIGA-WP-16/2006 GIGA Working Papers Edited by GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies (Hamburg). The Working Paper Series serves to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior to publication to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Paper Series does not constitute publication and should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. When Working Papers are eventually accepted by or published in a journal or book, the correct citation reference and, if possible, the corresponding link will then be included in the Working Papers website at: http://www.giga-hamburg.de/workingpapers. GIGA research unit responsible for this issue: Research Program “Legitimacy and Effi- ciency of Political Systems”. Editor of the GIGA Working Paper Series: Bert Hoffmann <[email protected]> Copyright for this issue: © Gero Erdmann and Ulf Engel Editorial assistant and production: Silvia Bücke/Verena Kohler All GIGA Working Papers are available online and free of charge at the website: www.giga-hamburg.de/workingpapers. Working Papers can also be ordered in print. For production and mailing a cover fee
    [Show full text]