Gendering the War in Iraq
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A Rhetorical Analysis of the Abu Ghraib Prisoner Abuse Scandal Elizabeth Jane Durham Smith Wayne State University
Wayne State University DigitalCommons@WayneState Wayne State University Dissertations 1-1-2010 The nI tersection Of Image, Rhetoric, And Witnessing: A Rhetorical Analysis Of The Abu Ghraib Prisoner Abuse Scandal Elizabeth Jane Durham Smith Wayne State University, Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Recommended Citation Durham Smith, Elizabeth Jane, "The nI tersection Of Image, Rhetoric, And Witnessing: A Rhetorical Analysis Of The Abu Ghraib Prisoner Abuse Scandal" (2010). Wayne State University Dissertations. Paper 85. This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. THE INTERSECTION OF IMAGE, RHETORIC AND WITNESSING: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ABU GHRAIB PRISONER ABUSE SCANDAL by ELIZABETH J. DURHAM SMITH DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPY 2010 MAJOR: COMMUNICATION Approved by: ________________________________________ Advisor Date ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ © COPYRIGHT BY ELIZABETH J. DURHAM SMITH 2010 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION Had it not been for these individuals, this journey would never have been undertaken or seen through -
T-Martial Record
T-MARTIAL RECORD: NAME RED6Rtc.K,LVAni L. ) 1l SSG SSN. ACTIONS CODED: ASSIGNED O: INITIAL PANEL `sr ACCA.. EXAM. DIV. FINAL COMPANION(S): RETURNTHIS.FILE TO: OFFICE OF THE CLERK OF COURT US. ARMY . JU_D1:CIrAR.Y 901 NORTH. STUART STREET" SU ITE -1200 ARLINGTON, VA. 222034 837 VOL OF VOL(S) ND 2 0 0 4 1 1 2 9 ARMY JALS-CC FORM 24, tOCTOBER 2000 . 018660 ACLU-RDI 1755 p.1 DOD-041839 VOL *Ek of VII ORIGINAL COPY VERBATIM' RECORD OF TRIAL2 (and accompanying papers) OF 64)2)424) -21- FREDERICK, Ivan L., II 111111111110 Staff Sergeant (NAME: Last, First Middle Initial) (Social Security Number) (Rank) HHC, 16th MP Bde (ABN) III Corps US Army Victory Base, Iraq (unit/Command Name) (Branch of Service) (Station or Ship) BY GENERAL COURT-MARTIAL CONVENED BY COMMANDING GENERAL (Title of Convening Authority) Headquarters, III Corps (Unit/Command of Convening Authority) TRIED AT Baghdad and Victory Base, Iraq ON 19 May, 21-22 Jun; 24 Aug; 20-21 Oct 04 (Place or Places of Trial) (Date or Dates of Trial) COMPANION CASES: SPC AMBUHL, Megan M., SGT DAVIS, Javal S., SPC GRANER, Charles A., Jr., c6A z, f 2 SPC HARMAN, Sabrina D., SPC SIVITS, Jeremy C., SPC CRUZ, Arman J., PFC ENGLAND, Lynndie R., f Transcript R.490 through prosecutionexh ribits cp o I Insert "verbatim" or summarized" as appropriate. (This form will be used by the Army and Navy for verbatim records of trial only.) 2 See inside back cover for instructions as to preparation and arrangement. -
A Decade After Abu Ghraib: Lessons in Softening up the Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation
Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality Volume 31 Issue 1 Article 1 June 2013 A Decade after Abu Ghraib: Lessons in Softening Up the Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation Johanna Bond Follow this and additional works at: https://lawandinequality.org/ Recommended Citation Johanna Bond, A Decade after Abu Ghraib: Lessons in Softening Up the Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation, 31(1) LAW & INEQ. 1 (2013). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol31/iss1/1 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 1 A Decade After Abu Ghraib: Lessons In "Softening Up" The Enemy and Sex-Based Humiliation Johanna Bondi Introduction In April 2004, many in the United States and around the world watched with horror as the now-infamous photographs of torture and abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison emerged. The photos depicted images of U.S. soldiers engaged in torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment.! Among other things, the photos documented the sexual abuse and humiliation of Iraqi detainees in the prison.' The photographs depict naked detainees, some of whom were forced to engage in sex acts or simulated sex acts.3 Sworn statements of the detainees at Abu Ghraib reveal a pattern of abuse and degradation, including "details of how they were sexually humiliated and assaulted, threatened with rape, t. Johanna Bond, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Law, Washington & Lee University School of Law. 1. Joshua L. Dratel, The Legal Narrative,in THE TORTURE PAPERS: THE ROAD To ABU GHRAIB xxi (Karen J. Greenberg & Joshua L. -
The Tillman and Lynch Episodes
1 Union Calendar No. 555 110TH CONGRESS "!REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 110–858 MISLEADING INFORMATION FROM THE BATTLEFIELD: THE TILLMAN AND LYNCH EPISODES FIRST REPORT BY THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM TOGETHER WITH ADDITIONAL VIEWS Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/ index.html http://www.house.gov/reform SEPTEMBER 16, 2008.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 69–006 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:08 Sep 17, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 C:\DOCS\69006.TXT KATIE PsN: KATIE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM HENRY A. WAXMAN, California, Chairman EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York TOM DAVIS, Virginia PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania DAN BURTON, Indiana CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio JOHN L. MICA, Florida DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri CHRIS CANNON, Utah DIANE E. WATSON, California JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio BRIAN HIGGINS, New York DARRELL E. ISSA, California JOHN A. YARMUTH, Kentucky KENNY MARCHANT, Texas BRUCE L. BRALEY, Iowa LYNN A. WESTMORELAND, Georgia ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of PATRICK T. MCHENRY, North Carolina Columbia VIRGINIA FOXX, North Carolina BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California JIM COOPER, Tennessee BILL SALI, Idaho CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland JIM JORDAN, Ohio PAUL W. -
Tabloid Ethics, News Reporting on the Iraq War and the Simulacrum of Objectivity
TABLOID ETHICS, NEWS REPORTING ON THE IRAQ WAR & THE SIMULACRUM OF OBJECTIVITY by FRANK LOUIS RUSCIANO Editorʼs note: This is a brief version of a paper originally prepared for and presented at the Oxford Round Table, Oxford University, August 5, 2004 entitled “The ʻRight to Knowʼ vs ʻKnowing Whatʼs Rightʼ: Tabloid Ethics and News Reporting on the Iraq War.” The editors of Progressive Librarian thank Dr. Rusciano for his willingness to allow us to publish that portion of his paper of compelling interest to our readers. The first sections of the original paper began with Russell Hardinʼs analysis of media ethics with his adaptation of the classic “prisonerʼs dilemma problem” through what he has called a “contract by convention” to uphold objective journalism. However, in recent years, the proliferation of media has changed the market for information, causing this convention to break down. In its place, a “tabloid mentality” has affected even the most respected media in the United States. This mentality relies upon deniability rather than authenticated sources, and entertainment models over the traditional conventions of news reporting. Nowhere is this change more evident than in the reporting of war news during the Iraq conflict. If once we were able to view the Borges fable in which the cartographers of the Empire draw a map so detailed that it ends up covering the territory exactly… as the most beautiful allegory of simulation, this fable has now come full circle for us, and possesses nothing but the discrete charm of second-order simulacra. Today abstraction is no longer of the map, the double, the mirror, or the concept. -
Standard Operating Procedure
Presents STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE A film by Errol Morris (117 mins, USA, 2008) Distribution Publicity Bonne Smith 1028 Queen Street West Star PR Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M6J 1H6 Tel: 416-488-4436 Tel: 416-516-9775 Fax: 416-516-0651 Fax: 416-488-8438 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.mongrelmedia.com High res stills may be downloaded from http://www.mongrelmedia.com/press.html 2 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Sony Pictures Classics and Participant Productions Present An Errol Morris Film Music by Danny Elfman, Production Designer, Steve Hardie, Edited by Andy Grieve, Steven Hathaway, and Dan Mooney Directors of Photography, Robert Chappell & Robert Richardson, ASC Executive Producers, Jeff Skoll, Diane Weyermann, Martin Levin, Julia Sheehan, and Robert Fernandez Produced by Julie Bilson Ahlberg Produced & Directed by Errol Morris 3 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Director’s Statement Is it possible for a photograph to change the world? Photographs taken by soldiers in Abu Ghraib prison changed the war in Iraq and changed America’s image of itself. Yet, a central mystery remains. Did the notorious Abu Ghraib photographs constitute evidence of systematic abuse by the American military, or were they documenting the aberrant behavior of a few “bad apples”? We set out to examine the context of these photographs. Why were they taken? What was happening outside the frame? We talked directly to the soldiers who took the photographs and who were in the photographs. Who are these people? What were they thinking? Over two years of investigation, we amassed a million and a half words of interview transcript, thousands of pages of unredacted reports, and hundreds of photographs. -
Taguba Annex 25-26
~ .~ : DATE: 28 JAN 04 FROM: SAC , ABO GRHUYEB PRISON COMPLEX (CID) TO: DIRECTOR , USACFC , USACIDC , FORT BELVOIR , VA COR, HQOSACIDC / /CIOP-ZA// COR , 10TH MP EN (CID) (ABN) (FWD) / /OPS!! COR , 3D MP GROUP (CID)//OPS// SJ1\, 410 LNO CT D , CJTF- 7 (FOR FURTHER DISTR IBUT ION) COR , 8 a OTH r1P BDE COR, 320TH MP BN COR , 20STH MI BDE SUBJECT: CID REPORT - 7TH STATUS/SSI - 0003- 04- C1 D~ 83130- 6CI SC2R/S Y2B/ 5Y2 01 SY2 E/ SX1 / 5M3 / SXS 1 SX7 DRAFTER: PIERON, TYLER M. RELEASER: ARTHUR , PAUL UNCLASSIFIED - FOR OFFICIA~ USE ONLY 1. DATES/TIMES/LOCATIONS OF OCCU~RENCES: . 10 SEP 03/0001 - 9 NOV 03/2400; WING 1A. I ' I' AREA, BAGHDAD CORRECTIONAL FACI~ITY , ABU GHRUYEB. T r 15 Jan 04/1520 - 19 Jan 04/2400; UNKNOWN L .,. IU\j BAGHDAD CORRECTIONAL FACILITY , ABU GHRUYEB, IRAQ 14 JAN 04/0656 - 14 ,TAN 04/1115; ABU GHRUJ OFFICE; ABU GHRUYEB I IRAQ DATE/TIME REPORTED: 13 JAN 04/221'1 3. INVESTIGATED BY: SA PAUL D. ARTHUR, 5474; SA Tl PIERON, 6128; SA ~~NORA 1EM, 5914; SA JAMES BOERNEF - . f; SA WARREN WORTH, 5434; SA SCOTT BOBECK , 5684 4. SUBJECT: 1. (ADDJ GRANER JR., CHARLES ALLAN; ; M; WHITE; ; PITTSBURG, PAl 37~ MILITARY POLICE COMPANY, CUMBERLAND , MD ~150?; CT; (DEPLOYED TO ABU GHRUYEB PRISON, IRAQ); (ASSAULT) , 'ECENT ACTS) (DERELICTION OF DUTYj (FAILURE TO OBEY AN OFU REGULATIONJ (CRUELTY AND MALTREATMENT) (CONSPIRA=~J V~ E~) ~' ENDANGERMENT J -; -; - . -~= 2. (ADD) FREDERICK II, IVAN LO~JELL; S ND t'-L ; M; WHITE; OAKLAND, IvJD; 372 L,p' POLICE COMPANY , CUMBERLAND, MD 21502; CT; (DEPLOYEC' GHRUYEB PRISON, IRAQ); lASSAUITj lINDECENT 1I,CTS I (DERELICTION OF DUTYj (FAILURE TO OBEY AN ORDER OR REGULATIONj (CRUELTY AND MALTREATMENTj (CONSPIRACY! (OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICEj (RECKLESS E'.NDANGERMENT J 3. -
Army Lawyer Feb.Indd
THE ARMY LAWYER Headquarters, Department of the Army February 2011 ARTICLES Fight for Your Country, Then Fight to Keep Your Children: Military Members May Pay the Price . Twice Major Jeri Hanes Something More Than a Three-Hour Tour: Rules for Detenti on and Treatment of Persons at Sea on U.S. Naval Warships Major Winston G. McMillan Surviving the Multi plicity/LIO Family Vortex Captain Gary E. Felicetti TJAGLCS PRACTICE NOTES Faculty & Staff , The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School LEGAL RESEARCH NOTE Researching Biomedical Literature on PubMed Heather M. Enderle BOOK REVIEWS The Secrets of Abu Ghraib Revealed: American Soldiers on Trial Reviewed by Major Eric J. Lawless CLE NEWS CURRENT MATERIALS OF INTEREST Department of the Army Pamphlet 27-50-453 Editor, Captain Madeline Yanford Assistant Editor, Captain Ronald T. P. Alcala Assistant Editor, Major Ted Martin Technical Editor, Charles J. Strong The Army Lawyer (ISSN 0364-1287, USPS 490-330) is published monthly The Judge Advocate General’s School, U.S. Army. The Army Lawyer by The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School, Charlottesville, welcomes articles from all military and civilian authors on topics of interest to Virginia, for the official use of Army lawyers in the performance of their military lawyers. Articles should be submitted via electronic mail to legal responsibilities. Individual paid subscriptions to The Army Lawyer are [email protected]. Articles should follow The available for $45.00 each ($63.00 foreign) per year, periodical postage paid at Bluebook, A Uniform System of Citation (19th ed. 2010) and the Military Charlottesville, Virginia, and additional mailing offices (see subscription form Citation Guide (TJAGLCS, 15th ed. -
The Guardian
The Guardian Monday October 25, 2004 ‘I reported the rape within 30 minutes – then watched my career implode’ Suzanne Goldenberg Reports on the Scandal of Unpunished Sexual Assault within the US Army http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,1335105,00.html The worst thing for Captain Jennifer Machmer was knowing that the US army had actually promoted her rapist. Four years in the military, from proud passing out at West Point to humiliating discharge, had provided an education into the Pentagon’s thinking on sexual assault in the ranks, but Machmer never expected an accused rapist to be rewarded. Her story, narrated to a hushed Congressional committee chamber in April this year, was a rare first-person account of the dangers faced by women soldiers during the Iraq war from their fellow troops. With thousands of women on the front line of America’s war on terror, the Pentagon has been forced to acknowledge that female soldiers are at risk from their comrades in arms, and that, in the US military, rapists often go unpunished. As Machmer’s experiences in uniform reveal, the culture of violence runs deep. In her first command, she was nominally in charge of a soldier who regularly abused and threatened her. Machmer had the soldier transferred, and he was punished with a £475 fine. In her second posting, in 2002, the military chaplain she was seeing for marriage counseling sexually abused her. Machmer opted for discretion, and did not file a complaint. Later, in Kuwait during the run-up to the American invasion of Iraq in early 2003, she was raped. -
HOUSE RESOLUTION NO.2003-4654, by Representatives Hinkle, Hunter, Mccoy, Blake, Delvin, Orcutt, Morris, Buck, Clibborn, Hatfield
HOUSE RESOLUTION NO.2003-4654, by Representatives Hinkle, Hunter, McCoy, Blake, Delvin, Orcutt, Morris, Buck, Clibborn, Hatfield, Clements, Bush, Ahern, Tom, Cairnes, McDonald, Rockefeller, Mastin, Mielke, McMahan, Schoesler, Boldt, Woods, Holmquist, O'Brien, McDermott, Sehlin, Benson, Cox, Skinner, Pearson, Anderson, Upthegrove, Quall, Chase, Lantz, Armstrong, Kristiansen, Alexander, Sump, Kirby, Carrell, Pettigrew and Cooper WHEREAS, The Governor has declared Wednesday, April 9th to be "Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day"; and WHEREAS, Americans have fought in many wars over the years and thousands have been captured by hostile forces in their efforts to defend our independence, our freedoms, our constitutional republic, our way of life, and our families and friends; and WHEREAS, American prisoners have frequently endured great pain, suffering, and humiliation at the hands of their captors; and WHEREAS, Thousands of our military personnel currently find themselves in harms way as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom; and WHEREAS, Several members of the United States Armed Forces participating in Operation Iraqi Freedom have been captured and are being held by enemy forces in Iraq; and WHEREAS, Elements of the 507th Maintenance Company of the United States Army were ambushed near Nasarieya, Iraq on March 23, 2003; and WHEREAS, These elements fought heroically before being overwhelmed by Iraq's forces; and WHEREAS, Fifteen members of the 507th Maintenance Company were captured, wounded, or killed in the ambush; and WHEREAS, Certain Iraqi citizens of good heart put their personal safety at risk by providing Coalition forces with information as to the whereabouts of company members; and WHEREAS, United States Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine personnel bravely rescued Pfc. -
Congressional Record—Senate S4920
S4920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 8, 2003 HONORING OUR ARMED FORCES in our hearts. She will not be forgot- as ‘‘a mild-mannered, quiet child’’ who Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, ten. It gives us comfort to know that attended Bible study every Wednesday today I am going to continue what the she is at peace right now.’’ night before joining the Army. Senate has been doing since our troops Behind me are the pictures of some The 507th Maintenance Company still started the invasion of Iraq, and that is who have died in action, and I am has five soldiers who are prisoners of to take the first period before we go on going to speak about each of them. war. They are SP Shoshana Johnson, In Texas, there is a town called Com- to the business of the day to salute the SP Edgar Hernandez, SP Joseph Hud- fort that lived up to its name by em- son, PFC Patrick Miller, and SGT troops who are in the field protecting bracing and comforting the parents of James Riley. I have talked with Claude our freedom. Today, I want to salute the members SP James Kiehl. In Comfort, TX, the Johnson, Shoshana’s father, several times. He and his wife Eunice are car- of the 507th Maintenance Company. parents of SP James M. Kiehl are being ing for Shoshana’s 2-year-old daughter. This is the company out of Fort Bliss comforted by their friends and neigh- bors. The 6-foot 8-inch soldier was a These five have not been seen pub- in El Paso, TX, who really were the licly since several hours after they first to be captured, the first prisoners high school basketball player and a member of the band. -
Prosecuting Abuses of Detainees in U.S. Counter- Terrorism Operations
International Center for Transitional Justice CRIMINAL JUSTICE FOR CRIMINAL POLICY: Prosecuting Abuses of Detainees in U.S. Counter- terrorism Operations An ICTJ Policy Paper November 2009 Carolyn Patty Blum, Lisa Magarrell, Marieke Wierda Cover Image: Redacted page (52) from Counterterrorism Detention and Interrogation Activities (September 2001-October 2003), a May 2004 Special Review by the CIA’s Office of the Inspector General. Portions of that report have been declassified through litigation by the American Civil Liberties Union and other organizations under the Freedom of Information Act. The Bush administration released a few paragraphs and lines of the report in May 2008 and the Obama administration went considerably further in an August 2009 reclassification. Regardless, this page and many others, including all of the In- spector General’s recommendations, remain classified as of this writing. Ques- tions persist about the full scope of abuses under U.S. policies on rendition, de- tention and interrogation. ICTJ’s policy paper relies on declassified information and other reporting to make the case for a thorough criminal investigation of abuses in counterterrorism policy and operations. Such an investigation must include those parts of the “dark side” still hidden from public view. CRIMINAL JUSTICE FOR CRIMINAL POLICY: Prosecuting Abuses of Detainees in U.S. Counter- terrorism Operations November 2009 An ICTJ Policy Paper Carolyn Patty Blum, Lisa Magarrell, Marieke Wierda International Center for Transitional Justice ICTJ New York 5 Hanover Square, 24th Floor New York, NY 10004 Tel + 1 917 637 3800 Fax + 1 917 637 3900 About ICTJ About the U.S. Accountability Project The International Center for Transitional Justice works The U.S.