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SHOT ALL to PIECES” the Battle of Lone Jack, Missouri, August 16, 1862

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SHOT ALL to PIECES” the Battle of Lone Jack, Missouri, August 16, 1862 MATT MATTHEWS AND KIP LINDBERG “SHOT ALL TO PIECES” The Battle of Lone Jack, Missouri, August 16, 1862 “Thousands entered the war, got just a taste of it, and then stepped out again permanently.” —Mark Twain Lone Jack battlefield and cemetery, 2003. Photograph by Alinda Miller FOR SEVERAL DECADES THE SMALL of the town’s historical event. The colo- have ever heard of the battle, except per- COMMUNITY OF LONE JACK, MISSOURI, nel awed the crowd with his recounting haps in a passing literary or film refer- hosted an annual picnic commemorat- of the glorious charges, snapping ban- ence.2 While certainly not an engagement ing the turbulent Civil War battle fought ners, and dashing uniforms. At his fever- of national note, the Battle of Lone Jack there on August 16, 1862. Families drove ish climax, however, an aged veteran was of great local importance; it was, by wagons or rode horses for miles, arriv- struggled to his feet and interrupted the and large, a battle fought by the men of ing early to spread their blankets in the mesmeric oration. “Colonel, that didn’t western Missouri—men who were best location, under the shade trees near happen that way,” he announced. “I was friends and neighbors, boyhood chums, the speakers’ platform. Following lunch there, and I know what took place. You’ve and blood relatives. And because both a succession of speakers would address misrepresented the facts.” Without a sides were the “home team,” playing un- the crowd and recall, between pitches moment’s hesitation Colonel Crisp de- der the evaluative gaze of loved ones, it made by aspiring politicians, the dra- clared, “God Damn an eyewitness any- became a personal and passionate fight, matic events of the Battle of Lone Jack. way! He always spoils a good story!”1 marked by extremes in both courage and One year the keynote speaker was a The history of the Battle of Lone Jack casualties. local office seeker, “Colonel” Crisp, who is a good story, and one that is now largely By the summer of 1862 Missouri, was renowned for his vivid descriptions forgotten. Few outside of Jackson County while far from serene, was certainly more 56 NORTH & SOUTH JANUARY 2004 • VOL. 7 • NUMBER 1 peaceful than it had been the previous summer. The first year of the war had witnessed several large battles and doz- Left: Colonel DeWitt Clinton Hunter. ens of skirmishes. Tens of thousands of Bushwhacker Museum, Nevada, Missouri Federal troops from Missouri, joined by Below: Colonel Jeremiah Vardeman others from Kansas, Iowa, Wisconsin, Il- “Vard” Cockrell. General Sweeny’s Civil linois, and Indiana, traversed the state, War Museum, Republic, Missouri engaging the pro-Southern Missouri State Guard, irregular partisans, and Confederate troops from Texas, Arkan- sas, Louisiana, and the Indian Territory. A series of Southern victories had wrested much of the state from the Union, but lacking the logistical resources to retain their foothold the Confederate forces withdrew. By the onset of winter, the Missouri State Guard was left as the soli- tary guardian of the trophies won dur- ing the previous summer. But it too was poor in resources. Many of the guards- men left for their homes to harvest crops, commerce, and patrolling vital avenues planning to return to the ranks after of communication. Since each company spring planting. Those who remained in operated in the locality in which it was the army did so in winter camps across raised, the rank and file knew every coun- southwest Missouri. Cut off from these try lane, briar patch, and river bottom, secessionist havens, potential recruits in and soon became effective in ferreting the northern part of the state awaited the out enemy bands. In contrast to the nega- opportunity to join their compatriots. tive connotation implied by the title “mi- rendering their weapons. Not made spe- A turn in fortunes would alter their litia,” these forces were more effective in cific was the certainty that those who re- plans. Union forces under Brigadier Gen- small-scale, anti-guerilla operations than fused to join the militia for reasons of eral Samuel R. Curtis launched a cam- much larger volunteer or regular army self-proclaimed disloyalty would be paign in January 1862, pushing the Mis- units. closely observed under what was essen- souri State Guard and its recently In an effort to further augment tially house arrest.3 organized counterpart, the Missouri Union forces in the state, the newly ap- Farther south, in and around Van Confederate Brigade, from the state. De- pointed governor, H.R. Gamble, autho- Buren, Arkansas, a number of Missouri feated at the Battle of Pea Ridge, or rized the commander of the District of cavalry regiments were attempting to Elkhorn Tavern, in March, these rebels Missouri, Brigadier General John M. complete their organization before being were forced to continue the fight in Ar- Schofield, to issue General Order No. 19. accepted for Confederate service. All were kansas and Mississippi, dreaming of the Effective July 22, 1862, the order stated under strength and desperate for an in- day they could return to their beloved that all able-bodied men were required fusion of recruits. The sheer distance home state. to join the pro-Union Enrolled Missouri from Missouri, and the inability of re- Meanwhile, Federal authorities fur- Militia, or EMM, bringing with them cruits to make the journey south with- thered their goal of securing Missouri for their own horses and weapons. In addi- out molestation by the Federal MSM, the Union. In the absence of an organized tion, all weapons and ammunition in ci- prompted Confederate authorities to ap- enemy, Federal troops could focus on vilian hands were to be confiscated and prove a raid into Missouri for the pur- eliminating the small but steadily grow- used for the public defense. Further or- pose of gathering recruits. Brigadier Gen- ing numbers of partisan guerilla bands ders clarified the intent: in order to “put eral James S. Rains, senior officer of the that posed an increasing threat to Union down robbery, plunder, and guerilla war- greatly diminished Missouri State Guard, lines of supply and communication. fare, which it is plainly the duty and in- assigned command of this expedition to While Federal authorities continued to terest of every citizen to aid in doing,” Colonel Jeremiah V. Cockrell. The colo- raise volunteer regiments with which to Missouri men had to don Union blue or nel, more widely known as “Vard” prosecute the war farther south, they face stiff fines or incarceration. Exemp- Cockrell, was a Methodist minister from badly needed a force that would consti- tions were granted to those willing to Warrensburg, Missouri. He and his tute a deterrent to local insurrection. “contribute money rather than personal brother, Colonel Francis Marion Cockrell The force they organized was named service,” as well as “all disloyal men and (quickly rising to fame in the Confeder- the Missouri State Militia, or MSM. those who have at any time sympathized ate Missouri Brigade), were well known Armed, equipped, and funded by the fed- with the rebellion.” Those men, while not among the Southern families in Jackson eral government, this force was to be re- required to serve in the Union militia, still County, and it was believed his presence tained for service within the state, secur- had to register for service, giving their would influence others of similar belief ing strategic centers of population and names and place of residence, and sur- to enlist. Cockrell was to lead the force VOL. 7 • NUMBER 1 • JANUARY 2004 NORTH & SOUTH 57 into west-central Missouri, an area With Hughes dead, Upton Hays assumed a company of Union cavalry known as known for its pro-Confederate views. control of their combined commands. the “Fremont Scouts,” leading them Word of Order No. 19 had reached the Bewildered by the sudden influx of against local secessionist forces com- wilds of Arkansas, and it was earnestly Confederate recruiters into Missouri, and prised of the very men he suspected had hoped that thousands of Missourians, chagrined by the loss of Independence, assassinated his brother. Foster quickly forced to choose between compulsory Schofield ordered Brigadier General gained notoriety as a courageous warrior, Union service and voluntary Confeder- James Totten, the commander of the an honor he shared with his younger ate service, would choose the latter and Central Division of the District of Mis- brother Melville, who also served as a join Cockrell. souri, to start assembling a force to drive company commander in the 7th MSM In the last week of July 1862 Colonel the secessionists out of western Missouri. Cavalry. In April 1862 the brothers were John T. Coffee and Lieutenant Colonel Wishing to give further support to Tot- wounded in an engagement with John C. Tracy, each with about three hun- ten, Schofield appealed to the Kansas de- Quantrill’s guerillas just outside Warrens- dred men, rode from their camps at Frog partmental commander, Brigadier Gen- burg. Recovered from their wounds, they Bayou and headed north to Missouri. eral James G. Blunt, for additional troops. resumed their vendetta.6 Both commands considered themselves independent from Cockrell, as Coffee still refused to join the Confederate service and Tracy remained convinced he would soon receive some special dispensation from Richmond. On August 1 Cockrell and his small command moved out, accompanied by Colonel Dewitt C. Hunter and his seven hundred and fifty soldiers. The advance guard of the expedition consisted of roughly seventy troopers led by Captain Joseph O. Shelby. With Cockrell in over- all command of the expedition, Lieuten- ant Colonel Sidney Jackman took charge of his four hundred and fifty men.
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