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US 2015/0252795 A1 Spruill (43) Pub US 20150252795A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0252795 A1 Spruill (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 10, 2015 (54) ELECTROSTATIC THRUSTER (52) U.S. Cl. CPC .................................... F03H I/0037 (2013.01) (71) Applicant: Mich Junior Spruill, Washington, (57) ABSTRACT The electrostatic thruster is an electrostatic propulsion device (72) Inventor: Michael Junior Spruill, Washington, which produces a force by making the grounded conductors NC (US) and the charged conductor composing the device experience a stronger electric field on one side of the device than the other side. This is done by surrounding each half of the inner (21) Appl. No.: 14/722,304 conductor with its own dielectric of each dielectric's own unique permittivity and placing a grounded conductor above 1-1. and below the inner conductor-double dielectric assembly. (22) Filed: May 27, 2015 The dielectric with the higher permittivity will produce a weaker electric field on its half than the dielectric with the Publication Classification lower permittivity causing a non-Zero net electrostatic force to move in the direction of the dielectric with the lower (51) Int. Cl. permittivity when the charged conductor is electrically pow FO3H I/O (2006.01) ered. Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 1 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 Fig. 1 Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 2 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 3 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 4 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 Fig. 7 A. Fig. 8 Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 5 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 Fig. 9 Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 6 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 Fig. 10 Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 7 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 Fig. 11 Patent Application Publication Sep. 10, 2015 Sheet 8 of 8 US 2015/0252795 A1 11 10 12 Fig. 12 US 2015/0252795 A1 Sep. 10, 2015 ELECTROSTATIC THRUSTER Frolov, the capacitor provides lift because the conductors in the capacitor are co-linear and separated by a distance, W. CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED When a voltage difference is supplied to the conductors, the APPLICATIONS conductors attract and, with one parallel side of the co-linear conductors being closer on one side than the other, the con 0001. Not Applicable ductors attract more on one side than the other, making move STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY ment to one of the sides possible. SPONSORED RESEARCH ORDEVELOPMENT BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 0002. Not Applicable 0009. The electrostatic thruster is an electrostatic propul sion device which produces a force by making the grounded THE NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO AJOINT conductors and the charged conductor composing the device RESEARCH AGREEMENT experience a stronger electric field on one side of the device 0003) Not Applicable than the other side. This is done by surrounding each half of the inner conductor with its own dielectric of each's own INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF unique permittivity and placing a grounded conductor above MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC and below the inner conductor-double dielectric assembly. The dielectric with the higher permittivity will produce a 0004) Not Applicable weaker electric field on its half than the dielectric with the BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION lower permittivity causing a non-Zero net electrostatic force to move in the direction of the dielectric with the lower 0005 Capacitance is the electric charge that is added to an permittivity when the charged conductor is electrically pow isolated conducting body per unit increase in the body's elec ered. trical Voltage. Capacitance is measured in coulomb per Volt 0010. The electrostatic thruster will find its purpose in (C/V) or Farad (F). A capacitor consists of two conductors aerial, terrestrial, underwater, marine and space vehicles as separated by free space or any other dielectric medium A their primary propulsion system. Because it needs no gears, capacitor can consist of conductors of any shape. Capacitance transmission or drive shaft, considerable weight is eliminated is a physical property of a two-conductor system and depends and no lubricants are needed. on the geometry of the conductors and the permittivity of the medium between them. The energy stored when bringing BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL together two charges is potential energy. Work is done by VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS providing an electrical Voltage difference between two con ductors in a capacitor. In a system of conducting bodies with (0011 FIG. 1 depicts the plan view of the preferred fixed potentials, a non-Zero force occurs when the stored embodiment of the electrostatic thruster. energy in the capacitor displaces the capacitor by a distance, (0012 FIG. 2 depicts the elevation view of the preferred L., when the voltage difference is held constant. In most embodiment of the electrostatic thruster and its direction of capacitors, there is a zero net force due to the fact that the force. capacitor is symmetrical about the axis perpendicular to the 0013 FIG. 3 depicts the plan view of the inner conductor direction of the electrical voltage difference which makes the of the preferred embodiment of the electrostatic thruster. forces experienced on the capacitors inner conductors both 0014 FIG. 4 depicts the elevation view of the inner con equal and opposite. ductor of the preferred embodiment of the electrostatic 0006 Dielectric materials are essentially insulators, thruster. which means no current will flow through the given dielectric (0015 FIG.5 depicts the plan view of a dielectric half of the whena Voltage is applied but, unlike insulators, dielectrics are preferred embodiment of the electrostatic thruster. polarized when a Voltage is applied. This means dielectrics (0016 FIG. 6 depicts the elevation view of a dielectric half can store electrical energy from an electrical field produced of the preferred embodiment of the electrostatic thruster. by an electrical voltage. The magnitude of the stored electri 0017 FIG. 7 depicts the plan view of the grounded con cal energy is determined by the dielectric constant or permit ductor of the preferred embodiment of the electrostatic tivity. The permittivity represents the ability of a material to thruster. store electrical energy in the presence of an electrical field. 0018 FIG. 8 depicts the elevation view of the grounded 0007. There is a limit on the voltage insulators and dielec conductor of the preferred embodiment of the electrostatic trics can withstand before conducting electricity. This is thruster. called the breakdown voltage. For example, air is considered (0019 FIG. 9 depicts the plan view of a second embodi an insulator but under certain circumstances, air can conduct ment of the electrostatic thruster. electricity as in a lightning Strike. In this case, air is said to be (0020 FIG. 10 depicts the plan view of a third embodiment ionized and produces an electrical current. The breakdown of the electrostatic thruster. Voltage per unit length is called the dielectric strength of a 0021 FIG. 11 depicts the plan view of a fourth embodi material. Once a material is above its dielectric strength, that ment of the electrostatic thruster. material will ionize. Air's dielectric strength is 3 e10° Volts/ 0022 FIG. 12 depicts a schematic representation of the meter. electrical circuit in which includes the electrostatic thruster. 0008. The aforementioned discussion is a major factor in 0023. In the drawings, FIGS. 1-12 depict various aspects electrostatic propulsion devices. A type of electrostatic pro of the electrostatic thruster where numbers 1 through 12 pulsion device named the Frolov capacitor is an asymmetrical represent a different feature of the device. Number 1 is the capacitor which is T-shaped. Invented by Alexander V. inner conductor. Number 2 is the weak dielectric half. Num US 2015/0252795 A1 Sep. 10, 2015 ber 3 is the strong dielectric half. Number 4 is the inner ment, two grounded conductors are placed co-linearly with conductor pocket. Number 5 is the dielectric tabbed power the charged conductor where the three conductors are entry. Number 6 is the grounded conductor half. Number 7 is arranged in Such a manner as one of the grounded conductors the threaded grounded power terminal. Number 8 is the elec is above the charged conductor and the second of the two trostatic force. Number 9 is the schematic representation of grounded conductors is below the charged conductor. This the electrical ground. Number 10 is the schematic represen must be done, otherwise, the conductors would move against tation of a variable resistor. Number 11 is the schematic each other, thereby, negating their forces causing a net Zero representation of an electrical voltage source. Number 12 is force and, therefore, producing no movement. the schematic representation of the electrostatic thruster. (0029. The job of the dielectrics is to cause the electric field between the grounded conductors and the charged conductor DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION to be at different magnitudes. The higher the relative permit 0024. Electric field intensity is the force (8) acting on a tivity of the dielectric, the lower the electrostatic force of unit test charge. Therefore, in moving a unit charge from a attraction between the conductors. The lower the relative first point to a second point in an electric field, work must be permittivity of the dielectric, the larger the electrostatic force done against the field. The electric potential energy per unit of attraction between the conductors. This is due to the fact charge between the second point and the first point is the that a higher permittivity dielectric will store more energy in electric potential.
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