Analysis of Beaulieu Pulse Shaping Family Based FIR Filter for WCDMA A

JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2, MAY 2010

113 Analysis of Beaulieu Pulse Shaping Family Based FIR Filter for WCDMA A. S. Kang, Vishal Sharma

Abstract-The analysis and simulation of transmit and receive pulse shaping filter is an important aspect of digital wireless communication since it has a direct effect on error probabilities. Pulse shaping for wireless communication over time as well as frequency selective channels is the need of hour for 3G and 4G systems. The pulse shaping filter is a useful means to shape the signal spectrum and avoid interferences. Basically digital filters are used to modify the characteristics of signal in time and frequency domain and have been recognized as primary digital signal processing operations.

Index Terms — FIR filter, Beaulieu Pulse shaping, WCDMA.

1. INTRODUCTION Frequency Communication, pulse shaping is essential for making the signal fit in its frequency band. [8- 10]The application of signal processing techniques to With the recent exploding research interest in wireless communications is an emerging area that has wireless communications, the application of signal recently achieved dramatic improvement in results processing to this area is becoming increasingly and holds the potential for even greater results in the important. Indeed, it is the advances in signal future as an increasing number of researchers from processing technology that make most of today’s the signal processing and communication areas wireless communications possible and hold the key to participate in this expanding field. Due to intensive future services. Signal processing plays a crucial role use of FIR filters in video and communication in wireless communication for variety of applications systems, high performance in speed, area and power [1-5]. Data communication using pulse shaping consumption is demanded. Basically digital filters are techniques has a critical role in a communication used to modify the characteristics of signal in time system. [6,7]. and frequency domain and have been recognized as

primary digital signal processing operations. In digital telecommunication, pulse shaping is the Digital Signal processing techniques are being used to process of changing the waveform of transmitted improve the performance of 3G systems WCDMA pulses. Its purpose is to make the transmitted signal (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access), an ITU suit better to the communication channel by limiting standard derived from Code-Division Multiple the effective bandwidth of the transmission. In Radio Access (CDMA), is officially known as IMT-2000 direct spread spectrum. W-CDMA is a third- generation (3G) mobile wireless technology that promises much higher data speeds to mobile and • A S Kang is Student ME (ECE) Deptt of Electronics and Communication Engg, University portable wireless devices than commonly offered in Institute of Engg and Technology, Panjab today's market. W-CDMA can support University,Chandigarh-160014. • Vishal Sharma is lecturer in Deptt of Electronics and mobile/portable voice, images, data, and video Communication Engg, University Institute of Engg and communications at up to 2 Mbps (local area access) or Technology, Panjab University,Chandigarh-160014. 384 Kbps (wide area access). The input signals are

digitized and transmitted in coded, spread-spectrum

mode over a broad range of frequencies. A 5 MHz-

114 wide carrier is used, compared with 200 kHz -wide i=linspace(3840000,fs,N); carrier for narrowband CDMA. The group delay y( :k)=fisf(B,a1(k),i); plays a crucial role in pulse shaping digital finite impulse response filter. The value of group delay B=Bandwidth of 5MHz for WCDMA should be minimum for efficient performance of digital pulse shaping filter. Keeping in view the role of pulse shaping filter in wireless communication, the present study aims on analysis and simulation of pulse shaping digital finite impulse response filter for 3.1 Study of Effect of Roll Off Factor: To wideband code division multiple access to enhance its study the effect of variation of roll off factor from 0 to performance. 1,the group delay is fixed at D=2 and Interpolation

2. Analysis of Beaulieu Pulse shaping factor M=2 at input sampling data rate of family : 3.84Mbps(5MHz).Frequency Response

Beaulieu pulse shaping family has been analyzed [11]. (Amplitude versus frequency(Hz), at roll off factor

A flow chart has been prepared and a computer α=0.1,0.5,1.0 is shown in figure 2 program has been written in MATLAB 7.3 version to compute the parameters for the analysis of Beauliu pulse shaping family. Flowchart for computation of parameters of Finite impulse response Pulse shaping

Filter for WCDMA at 5 MHz (data rate

3.84Msymbols/sec) is shown in figure 1. The frequency responses for this family has been presented at half symmetry. The parameters of the flowchart are given as below: fd=Input Data rate

M=Interpolation factor/ Over sampling-Factor

1/f d=Pulse Width fs= Sampling frequency

D=Group Delay N=Filter Order v=linspace(-500000,Fs,N); y(:,k)=fef1(B,a1(k),v); a1(k)=Roll off Factor; i=linspace(-fs,fs,N); y(:,k)=fsf(B,a1(k),i);

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Start

Enter the Data Rate (f d) and Interpolation Factor (M)

Sampling Frequency fs=f d*M

Enter number of sample spanned

(Group Delay D) and Roll off factor

For calculation select one family

If method is

Design Fli pp ed Exponential Design Inverse Secant Design Secant Hyperbolic family

Family Hyperbolic family y(:,k)=fsf(B,a1(k),i ) y(:,k)=fisf(B,a1(k),i); y(:,k)=fef(B,a1(k),v)

Plot the Phase and Frequency

Response

Stop

Figure 1.Flowchart for Pulse Shaping Families

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from 0.1 to 0.5.The amplitude further decreases from

frequecny response of fef 0.8 to 0.75 as roll off factor is changed from 0.5 to 1. 1.5 .o5 So, with increasing frequency range for flipped

exponential pulse, the amplitude goes on decreasing.

1 It has been observed that main lobe also expands

G(f) from 5MHz to7.5MHz and then beyond 8MHz as the

0.5 roll off is increased from 0.1 to 0.5 and then from 0.5 to 1 which shows side lobe tail attenuation occurs

with delay. It is clear from figure 2. The passband is 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 x 10 found to increase. The Responses[ Magnitude w.r.t Normalised Frequency and Phase w.r.t Normalised Alpha=0.1 Frequency]for Flipped Exponential Pulse at fix value

frequecny response of fef of Interpolation Factor M=2 and Group Delay D=2 at 1.5 .o5 5MHz BW with input signal sampling data rate of

1 3.84Msymbols/second at roll off factor=0.1,0.5,1.0 is

shown in figure 3 G(f)

0.5

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 x 10 10

Alpha=0.5 0

frequecny response of fef -10 1.5 .o5 -20 M agnitude (dB )

1 -30 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) G(f)

0.5 50

0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 x 10 -50

Alpha=1 P hase (degrees) -100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Figure 2 Frequency Responses for fexp at Alpha 0.1 to 1.0 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

Alpha 0.1 In the case of frequency domain representation of flipped exponential pulse shaping filter, ,amplitude changes from 1 to 0.8 as roll off factor alpha changes

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towards alpha0.5 and then to alpha1.0, the stop band starts at normalized frequency of 0.67 and0.55 The

10 phase response w.r.t normalized frequency is found to vary 0 to -80degree at normalized frequency of 0.65

0 which then changes to -60 at normalized frequency of 0.55 on changing alpha from 0.1 to 0.5.It was found

-10 that phase response changed to -65 degrees at

M agnitude (dB) normalized frequency 0.4 on increasing alpha from -20 0.5 to 1. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) 3.2 Study of Effect of Variation of Group Delay 50 D

0 To study the effect of variation of group delay D from 2 to 10,the roll off factor fixed at 0.22 and -50 Interpolation factor M=2 at input sampling data rate Phase (degrees) of 3.84Mbps(5MHz).Different Frequency Response -100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 (Amplitude versus Frequency(Hz), at D=2,4,6,8,10 is Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) shown in figure 4.

frequecny response of fef 1.5 Alpha=0.5 Alpha=0.5 .o5

10 1 5

0 G(f)

-5 0.5 M agnitude (dB)

-10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 x 10 -20 D=2 -40 frequecny response of fef 1.5 .o5 -60 Phase (degrees)

-80 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) 1

Alpha=1 G(f)

0.5 Figure 3 Magnitude and phase response w.r.t to normalized frequency for fexp family at different Alpha

The magnitude is found to vary from 6 to-22 at 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 normalize frequency of 0.72 and then stop band x 10 attenuation occurs at alpha 0.1.As we proceed D=4

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frequecny response of fef expands from 5.5 MHz to 6MHz.It means side lobe 1.5 .o5 tails suppression occurs with delay.

The magnitude versus normalized frequency and

1 phase versus normalized frequency responses for fexp pulse at different values of D are shown in figure 5 and 6 respectively. G(f)

0.5

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 frequency 6 x 10 D=6 frequecny response of fef 5 1.5 .o5 0 M agnitude (dB )

1 -5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

G(f) Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

0.5 200

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 x 10 -200 D=8

frequecny response of fef P hase (degrees) 1.5 .o5 -400 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

1 D=2

G(f)

0.5

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 x 10 D=10 Figure 4.Frequency Responses for fef at different values of D It is clear from figure 4 that with increasing D values from 2 to 10, the magnitude (amplitude) remains at 1 .On successively increasing D values, main lobe D=4 © 2010 JOT http://sites.google.com/site/journaloftelecommunications/ JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2, MAY 2010

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20 20

10 10

M agnitude (dB ) 0

-10 M agnitude (dB ) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) -10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1000 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

0 0

-1000 -1000 P hase (degrees)

-2000 -2000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) P hase (degrees) -3000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 15 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

10 D=8 5

0 30 M agnitude (dB )

-5 20 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) 10

500 0 M agnitude (dB )

0 -10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) -500 0 -1000 P hase (degrees) -1000 -1500 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 -2000 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) -3000 D=6 P hase (degrees) -4000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Figure 5 Magnitude and phase response w.r.t to normalized Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) frequency for fexp family at Group Delay (D=2, 4 and 6)

D=10

Figure 6 Magnitude and phase response w.r.t to normalized frequency for fexp family at Group Delay at 8 and 10

120 frequecny response of fef 1.5 The magnitude response w.r.t normalized frequency .o5 is found to shift from -3 to 10 at normalized frequency of 0.34 at D=2.As D is increased from 2 to 4, the 1 magnitude shifts from 9.8 to 3 at normalized frequency of 0.34.The magnitude shifts from 12 to 4 at G(f) normalized frequency of 0.22 in case of D=6.At D=8, 0.5 magnitude decreases from 16 to 5 at normalized frequency of 0.16.At D=10, magnitude deceases from

0 20 to 7 at normalized frequency of 0.13. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 frequency 6 x 10 At D=2,phase w.r.t normalized frequency decreases M=2

frequecny response of fef from 0 to -370 degrees at normalized frequency of 1.5 .o5 1.At D=4,phase w.r.t normalized frequency decreases from 0 to -1100 degrees at normalized frequency greater than 1.At D=6,phase w.r.t normalized 1 frequency decreases from 0 to -1800degrees at G(f) normalized frequency of 1.At D=8,phase w.r.t 0.5 normalized frequency decreases from 0 to -

2500degrees at normalized frequency greater than

1.At D=10,phase w.r.t normalized frequency 0 0 5 10 15 frequency 6 decreases from 0 to -3200degrees at normalized x 10 frequency greater than 1.So with increasing D, phase M=4 decreases with increasing values of normalized frequecny response of fef 1.5 frequency. In magnitude versus normalize D .o5 frequency, stop band attenuation occurs early at decreasing values of normalized frequency as D is 1 increased from 2 to 10 [12]. G(f) 3.3 The study of effect of variation of 0.5 Interpolation factor M

The study of effect of variation of Interpolation factor 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 frequency 7 M keeping roll off factor 0.22 and group delay D fixed x 10 at 2 at 5MHz bandwidth has been studied at M(Even) M=6 Different Responses (Amplitude versus Figure 7 Frequency Responses for fef at different even M frequency(Hz))at M=2,4 and 6 are shown in figure 7. values

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The value of M is varied from 2 to 4 and then from 4 frequecny response of fef 1.5 to 6, it has been observed that with even values of M, .o5 amplitude remains same at 1 in amplitude versus frequency response representation. 1

The same study has been carried out odd Values of G(f)

M for Flipped exponential pulse. The amplitude 0.5 versus frequency responses at M=3, 5, 7 are shown in figure 8.

0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 frequency 7 frequecny response of fef x 10 1.5 .o5 M=7

Figure 8. Frequency response of fexp family at different odd values of M 1 It is clear from figure 8 that in case of increasing the

G(f) odd M Values, magnitude remains same at 1 with frequency changing from 5.8 to 6.i.e.it shows 0.5 expansion trend in main lobe. Magnitude versus Normalised Frequency and phase versus Normalised frequency for M(Even=2,4,6) at D=2, alpha=0.22 are

0 shown in figure 9. 0 2 4 6 8 10 frequency 6 x 10 M=3 10

frequecny response of fef 1.5 5 .o5

0 M agnitude (dB ) 1 -5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

G(f) Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

0.5 200

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 -200 frequency 6 x 10 M=5 P hase (degrees) -400 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

M=2

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M=2.For M=4,magnitude w.r.t normalized frequency shifts from 53 to 49 at normalized frequency of 1.At 54 M=6,magnitude w.r.t normalized frequency shifts

52 from 95.2 to 90.7 at normalized frequency 1. Phase w.r.t Normalised frequency shifts from 0 to-390 at 50 normalized frequency of 1 at M=2 For M=4,phase w.r.t M agnitude (dB ) normalized frequency shifts from 100 to -1050 at 48 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 normalized frequency of 1.For M=6,phase w.r.t Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) normalized frequency decreases from 100 to -1900 at 500 normalized frequency of 1.So,it is clear from figure 9 0 phase is found to be decreased as the normalized -500 frequency is increased. At lower values of M(Even)in

-1000 the magnitude versus frequency plot,sidelobe occurs

P hase (degrees) -1500 at early normalized frequency value. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) The similar study has been carried for different odd

M=4 values of interpolation factor the value of M is varied from 3 to 5 and then from 5 to 7. The different

96 responses are given in figure 10.

94 32 92 M agnitude (dB) 30 90 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 ×π Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) 28

1000 M agnitude (dB ) 26 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample)

-1000 500 Phase (degrees)

-2000 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) -500

M=6 P hase (degrees) -1000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Figure 9. Magnitude and Phase response w.r.t normalized Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) frequency of fexp at even M values

Magnitude with respect to normalized frequency shifts from -3 to 10 at normalized frequency of 0.32 at M=3

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Magnitude w.r.t Normalized frequency decreases from 30.5 to 28 at normalized frequency of 1 at 76 M=3.At M=5, magnitude w.r.t normalized frequency

74 decreases from 74.4 to 69.8 at normalized frequency of 1.At M=7, magnitude w.r.t normalized frequency 72 decreases from 116.5 to 111.8 At M=3, phase angle 70 M agnitude (dB ) w.r.t normalized frequency decreases from 100 to -

68 700degrees at normalized frequency of 1. At M=5, 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) phase w.r.t normalized frequency decreases from 100 to -1490degrees at a normalized frequency of 1.At 500 M=7,phase w.r.t normalized frequency decreases from 0 100 to -2200 at normalized frequency of

-500 approximately 1.So ,Magnitude w.r.t normalized

frequencies decreases with increase in M odd values. -1000 P hase (degrees) Also phase w.r.t normalized frequency decreases with -1500 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 increasing M odd values [13-15]. Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) Conclusion: The group delay plays a crucial role in

M=5 pulse shaping digital finite impulse response filter.

The value of group delay should be minimum for

118 efficient performance of digital pul;se shaping

116 filter[12-20].The present study has highlighted the

114 role of Beaulieu pulse shaping filter in WCDMA. The

112 time and frequency response of square root raised M agnitude (dB )

110 cosine pulse shaping filter at 5MHz bandwidth has 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) been studied .The effect of variation of Roll off factor

1000 alpha has been studied in case of amplitude versus

0 frequency response, magnitude w.r.t normalized

-1000 frequency and phase w.r.t normalized frequency. The

-2000 effect of variation of group delay D i.e. number of P hase (degrees)

-3000 symbols spanned by impulse response is studied at 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Normalized Frequency ( ×π rad/sample) fix value of alpha=0.22 as well as at fix value of

M=7 interpolation .The effect of variation of interpolation factor M has also been studied at roll off factor 0.22 Figure 10. Magnitude and Phase response w.r.t normalized frequency of fexp at odd M values and different values of D. At fix value of roll off

factor0.22, there should be a tradeoff between D and

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M for better performance of pulse shaping filter for [10] Keiji TachiKawa,”W-CDMA Mobile Communication Systems”Chapter-6, Wiley Publications, pp-26-28,(2002) WCDMA based wireless communication system. [11] Antonio Assalini,Andrea M.Tonello,”Improved Nyquist Pulses”,IEEE Communication letters ,vol 8 No Acknowledgement : The first author is thankful to Dr 2, pp no 87-89, Feb2004. B S Sohi, Director UIET,Sec-25 ,PANJAB [12] Ken Gentile,”The care and feeding of digital pulse UNIVERSITY Chandigarh for discussion and shaping filters”www.rfdesign.com, pp-50-61, 2002. valuable suggestions during technical discussion at [13] AS Kang, Vishal Sharma, “Comparatative Performance WOC conference at PEC(Panjab Engg College) Analysis of Pulse Shaping Techniques for Wireless Communication”, proceedings of WECON -2008, Chandigarh during my presentation of research International Conference on Wireless networks and Embedded Systems CHITKARA INSTITUTE OF ENGG paper, ”Digital Processing and Analysis of Pulse AND TECHNOLOGY, Rajpura, Distt Patiala, pp 113- Shaping Filter for wireless communication “The help 115, Oct2008. rendered by S Harjitpal Singh,a research scholar of [14] AS Kang, Vishal Sharma, “Digital Signal Processing For Cellular Wireless Communication Systems”, NIT Jalandhar as well as Mr Hardeep IEEE-ISM 2008, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE , Bangalore, pp 423-428, Dec2008. Singh,Research Scholar , Communication Signal

Processing research Lab, Deptt of Electronics [15] A S Kang, Vishal Sharma, “Digital Processing and analysis of pulse shaping Filter for wireless Technology GNDU Amritsar is also acknowledged. Communication”, 2 nd National Conference On Wireless and Optical Communication WOC-2008 PEC CHANDIGARH, pp 110-113, Dec,2008. REFERENCES [16] A S Kang, Vishal Sharma,“Pulse Shaping Filters in Wireless Communication-A Critical Review”, National [1] R.M Piedra and A. Frish, ”Digital Signal Processing conference on optical and wireless comes of age” IEEE spectrum, vol 33,No.5,70, pp 47--49. communication(NCOW-2008),DAVIET, Jalandhar, pp May 1996. 68-75, November 2008. [2] J Stevens,”DSPs in Communication”, IEEE Spectrum [17] A S Kang, Vishal Sharma, “Spectral analysis of filters (Sept.98), vol.35, No.9, pp39-46. in celluilar wireless communication systems”, International Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics, [3] C. Iniaco and D. Embres,” ”The DSP decision-fixed or Informatics,ICSCI-2009, Hyderabad, pp-48-55, January floating?” IEEE Spectrum, Vol.3,No.9,pp 72-74,(1996) 2009. [4] P.M. Grant, ”Signal Processing hardware and [18] AS Kang, Vishal Sharma, “ Study of Spectral Analysis Software” IEEE signal Processing Magazine,vol13,No.1, of Filters in Cellular Communication Systems”, IEEE pp 86-92, Jan 1992. International advance Computing Conference (IACC09), Thapar University, Patiala, pp18-22, March [5] G. Giannkis, ”Highlights of Signal Processing for 2009. communications” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol 16,No.2, pp 14-51, March,1999. [19] AS Kang, Vishal Sharma, “Simulative Investigation of Pulse shaping in WCDMA Wireless Communication”, [6] F.Adachi,”Wireless Past and Future-Evolving Mobile IEEE International Advance Computing Conference Communication Systems,”IEICE Trans (IACC09), Thapar University, Patiala, pp 27-31, Fundamentals,Vol. E84-A,No.1, pp.55-60, Jan2001. March2009. [7] H. Holma and A. Toskala, ”WCDMA for UMTS, ” [20] A S Kang, Vishal Sharma,“Study of pulse shaping Chapter -3 John Wiley &Sons.Ltd(2002) fiters in WCDMA under different interferences”, IEEE [8] www.3GPP.org Siberian Conference on Control and Communications, RUSSIA, , pp 37-41, March2009. [9] Tero Ojanpera and Ramjee Prasad, “Wideband CDMA for Third Generation Mobile Communications,” Chapter-4, Artech House, Boston, London,(1998).

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AuthorBiography Institute of Engg & Technology, Panjab University,Chandigarh ,India.Presently ,he is working as Er A S Kang received B.Tech Assistant Professor in Deptt of Electronics & degree in Electronics & Communication Engg at SSG Panjab University Regional Communication Engg from Deptt Centre,Hoshiarpur.He has two research publications in International Journals and eight publications in of ElectronicsTechnology, GNDU International Conferences of repute among which the Amritsar ,India.He received his publications at IEEE ISM2008at IISc Bangalore (INDIA) and Masters degree in Electronics and IEEE IACC09 atn Thapar University,Patiala ,and Communication Engg(with WECON2008 at PEC Chd ,IEEE SIBCON at RUSSIA are commendable.His research interests include Wireless and University Merit Certificate) from University Mobile Communication ,Signal processing in Wireless Communication.