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Impact of Transpiration Rates on Foliar Silicon Concentrations Across a Range of Angiosperm Species Exposed to Water Stress

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Impact of Transpiration Rates on Foliar Silicon Concentrations Across a Range of Angiosperm Species Exposed to Water Stress Impact of transpiration rates on foliar silicon concentrations across a range of angiosperm species exposed to water stress. Guzman, T. 1, Burlett, R. 2, Delvigne, C. 3, Parise, C. 2, Dubois, S. 1, Martin-Gomez, P. 1, Opfergelt, S. 3, and Wingate, L. 1 1 INRAE, UMR ISPA, Gironde, France, 2 INRAE, UMR BIOGECO, Gironde, France 3 Earth and Life Institute, Environmental sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium PICO Navigation Click on a panel to see the Materials & Introduction corresponding section Methods H The orange ‘Home’ The left / right arrows button takes you to take you to the Results Discussion the section menu next page Image: ©wallhaven.cc 2021 H Introduction Silicon (Si) is acquired by plants both actively via transporters and/or passively as plants transport water during transpiration. It accumulates in several parts of the Leaf plants where it alleviates a range of biotic and abiotic Si accumulation in aerial parts stresses. There is a lively debate in the literature regarding the relationship between plant Si accumulation and transpiration rates. With some studies showing positive Xylem correlations whilst others show none. Most studies focus Si follows upward flow of transpiration stream on grasses and non-woody species. Si Here, we exposed nine woody angiosperm species 4 evergreen and 5 deciduous to contrasting watering Root treatments in order to investigate how foliar Si Active and passive concentrations were correlated with cumulative Si uptake from soil transpiration rates and how this varied between plant Si Si functional type. Silicon uptake and accumulation in plants H Materials & Methods 9 woody species were grown in a greenhouse and sampled : FREX - Fraxinus 5 deciduous and 4 evergreen species from 5 families excelsior Code Species Order Family Deciduousness OLEU - Olea europea QURO - FREX Fraxinus excelsior Lamiales Oleaceae Deciduous Quercus robur QURO Quercus robur Fagales Fagaceae Deciduous VIVI Vitis vinifera Vitales Vitaceae Deciduous PRLA - Prunus laurocerasus VIVI - Vitis vinifera PRAV Prunus avium Rosales Rosaceae Deciduous LITU Liriodendron tulipifera Magnoliales Magnoliaceae Deciduous OLEU Olea europaea Lamiales Oleaceae Evergreen QUIL - Quercus ilex PRAV - Prunus avium PRLA Prunus laurocerasus Rosales Rosaceae Evergreen QUIL Quercus ilex Fagales Fagaceae Evergreen MAGR - LITU - Magnolia Liriodendron MAGR Magnolia grandiflora Magnoliales Magnoliaceae Evergreen grandiflora tulipifera botanica Tela Images: from H Materials & Methods For each species, three trees were well watered throughout the growing season whilst three others were exposed to water stress in the same soil substrates. The stress was initiated after all leaves were fully developed. Pre-dawn leaf water potentials were measured regularly during the experiment. Whole plant transpiration fluxes were also monitored continuously with balances, and 2 -1 expressed in mmol H2O m s and expressed on a leaf area basis. In addition the foliar Si concentrations of each plant were measured by ICP-AES after alkaline fusion at two time points in the growing season and expressed in mg Si . g-1 leaf dry weight or in mg Si . m-2 leaf. H Results - Plant water status ) -1 The sampling dates for Si analysis may differ . s 2 between plants and species in May and July. O . leaf m Between June and July, plants exposed to water 2 stress reached a plateau of cumulated transpiration due to a strong limitation of their transpiration and to a loss of functional leaves. Thereby control plants clearly have higher cumulated transpiration levels after July. However it is less clear before July for some species such as Cumulated transpiration (mmol H Fraxinus excelsior (FREX) or Liriodendron tulipifera (LITU) for instance. Date Cumulated transpiration by species. Dashed lines show the sampling dates for Si analysis of each species in May and July. H Results - Silicon concentrations Click on a species to see the details. FREX - Fraxinus excelsior OLEU - Olea europea QURO - Quercus robur leaf DW) -1 PRLA - Prunus laurocerasus VIVI - Vitis vinifera Si concentration (mg . g QUIL - Quercus ilex PRAV - Prunus avium MAGR - LITU - Measured silicon (Si) for each species, treatment and sampling month. Mean ± sd (n=3). Magnolia Liriodendron Asterisks indicate significant differences between Si concentrations measured in May and July (multifactorial ANOVA). grandiflora tulipifera Si concentration -1 Measured silicon (Si)for each treatment and sampling date. (mg Si . g leaf DW) H FREX - Fraxinus excelsior watering treatments by multifactorial ANOVA. watering treatmentsbymultifactorial more silicon than stressed plants, no significant were differences detected between However although control plants seem to have transpired more and accumulated growing season. Ash trees accumulated significant amounts of silicon in their leaves during the Results - Fraxinus excelsior Cumulated transpiration andsilicon between sampling dates. Mean ± sd(n=3). Accumulated Si (mg Si . g-1 leaf DW) Cumulated transpiration 2 -1 (mmol H2O . leaf m . s ) Si concentration -1 Measured silicon (Si)for each treatment and sampling date. (mg Si . g leaf DW) H QURO -Quercusrobur plants, no significant differences were detected between watering treatments by multifactorial ANOVA. weredetectedbetweenwateringtreatments bymultifactorial plants, nosignificantdifferences However althoughcontrolplantsseemtohavetranspired moreandaccumulatedsiliconthanstressed June andJulywhichlimitthedifferences. concentrations. This may be explained by the plateau of cumulated transpiration reached by these plants in We can see that the stressed plants harvested with two weeks interval in July showed similar foliar silicon Pedunculate oaksaccumulatedsignificantamountsofsiliconintheirleavesduringthegrowingseason. Results - Cumulated transpiration andsilicon between sampling dates. Mean ± sd(n=3). Quercus robur Accumulated Si (mg Si . g-1 leaf DW) Cumulated transpiration 2 -1 (mmol H2O . leaf m . s ) Si concentration -1 Measured silicon (Si)for each treatment and sampling date. (mg Si . g leaf DW) H VIVI - Vitis vinifera Vitis multifactorial ANOVA. multifactorial than stressed plants, no significant differences were However detected although between control watering plants treatments seem by to have transpired more and accumulated more than thestressedplantharvestedatendofJuly. silicon the Surprisingly, two stressed plants harvested earlier in July have greater silicon concentrations accumulatedsignificantamountsofsilicon in theirleavesduringthegrowingseason. Vines Results - Cumulated transpiration andsilicon between sampling dates. Mean ± sd(n=3). Vitis vinifera Vitis Accumulated Si (mg Si . g-1 leaf DW) Cumulated transpiration 2 -1 (mmol H2O . leaf m . s ) Si concentration -1 Measured silicon (Si)for each treatment and sampling date. (mg Si . g leaf DW) H PRAV - PRAV Prunus avium multifactorial ANOVA. multifactorial plants, no significant differences were detected between However watering treatments although by control plants seem to have transpired change significantlyduringthegrowingseason. more than stressed The foliar silicon concentrations of wild cherry trees are very low and did not Results - Cumulated transpiration andsilicon between sampling dates. Mean ± sd(n=3). Prunus avium Accumulated Si (mg Si . g-1 leaf DW) Cumulated transpiration 2 -1 (mmol H2O . leaf m . s ) H Results - Liriodendron tulipifera The foliar silicon concentrations of tulip trees are very low and did not change significantly during the growing season. We can see that the stressed plants harvested with two weeks interval in June and July show similar foliar silicon concentrations. This may be explained by the plateau of cumulated transpiration reached by these plants in June and July which limit the differences. LITU - Liriodendron tulipifera No significant differences were detected between watering treatments by multifactorial ANOVA. ) -1 . s 2 leaf DW) leaf DW) -1 -1 O . leaf m 2 Accumulated Si Si concentration (mg Si . g (mg Si . g Cumulated transpiration (mmol H Measured silicon (Si) for each treatment and sampling date. Cumulated transpiration and silicon between sampling dates. Mean ± sd (n=3). Si concentration -1 Measured silicon (Si)for each treatment and sampling date. (mg Si . g leaf DW) H OLEU - Olea europea date. A mixtureofleavesfromtheyearandpast yearsmayhavemuddledtheresults. A date. This could be due to the different ages of the group of leaves collected for each tree and Moreover the Si concentrations measured in July are sometimes lower than those of May. pattern ofaccumulation. The foliar silicon concentrations of olive trees are quite low and we can’t see any clear Results - Cumulated transpiration andsilicon between sampling dates. Mean ± sd(n=3). Olea europea Accumulated Si (mg Si . g-1 leaf DW) Cumulated transpiration 2 -1 (mmol H2O . leaf m . s ) Si concentration -1 Measured silicon (Si)for each treatment and sampling date. (mg Si . g leaf DW) H laurocerasus - PRLA Prunus results. date. A mixture of leaves from the could be due to ages the of different the group of leaves collected for each tree and year and past years may have Moreover the Si concentrations measured in July This are lower than those of May. muddled the any clearpatternofaccumulation. The foliar silicon concentrations of cherry laurels are quite low and we can’t see Results - Prunus laurocerasus Cumulated transpiration andsilicon between sampling dates. Mean ± sd(n=3). Accumulated Si (mg Si . g-1 leaf DW) Cumulated transpiration
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