Y OUR GUIDE TO

CONTENTS

WHY BREASTFEEDING FINDING SUPPORT BREASTFEEDING IS IMPORTANT AND INFORMATION MYTHS Healthy babies and Health professionals 4 7 10 common. Get the facts. by phone

HOW YOUR MILK LEARNING TO COMMON IS MADE BREASTFEED CHALLENGES Tips for 11 12 22 needs minute of life for common problems

COMMON BREASTFEEDING BREASTFEEDING AND QUESTIONS A BABY WITH SPECIAL SITUATIONS A HEALTH PROBLEM 30 32 35 and more and more BREASTFEEDING PUMPING AND GOING BACK IN PUBLIC STORING YOUR MILK TO WORK 38 39 44 employer about your and about

NUTRITION AND HANDLING WEANING FITNESS STRESS YOUR BABY 47 49 50 at bay your baby

page 42 TEAR­OUT TOOLS TOOLS YOU CAN USE page 54 53 page 53 page 55 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

WHY BREASTFEEDING IS IMPORTANT

BREASTFEEDING PROTECTS BABIES

YOUR FIRST MILK IS LIQUID GOLD. and antibodies your baby needs for • Asthma and includes antibodies to protect your • • FORMULA IS HARDER TO DIGEST. • Ear infections • • • • page 20 to see in preterm • Sudden death syndrome YOUR MILK CHANGES AS YOUR BABY GROWS. BREASTMILK FIGHTS DISEASE. •

DID YOU KNOW?

page 30. To learn more page 37.

1Obstetrics and Gynecology 4 CAN BREASTFEEDING HELP ME LOSE WEIGHT?

WHY BREASTFEEDING IS RIGHT FOR YOU

BREASTFEEDING KEEPS AND BABY CLOSE. Physical contact is important to NOT BREASTFEEDING COSTS MONEY. LIFE CAN BE EASIER WHEN YOU BREASTFEED. BREASTFEEDING IS GOOD FOR THE MOTHER’S HEALTH, TOO. easier once you and your baby settle into there are no bottles and nipples to

BREASTFEEDING GLOSSARY Nutrients build tissue.

Antibodies

The gastrointestinal system is made up of the stomach and the

The respiratory system

2 5 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING Y OUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

supply. DURING AN EMERGENCY, SUCH AS A NATURAL DISASTER, BREASTFEEDING CAN SAVE YOUR BABY’S LIFE: and diarrhea.

feed.

BREASTFEEDING IS GOOD FOR SOCIETY

BREASTFEEDING SAVES MONEY. BREASTFEEDING IS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT. breastfeed. BREASTFEEDING SAVES LIVES. infants. Breastfed infants usually need infants could be prevented.

6 FINDING SUPPORT AND INFORMATION

and supplies.

HEALTH PROFESSIONALS WHO HELP WITH BREASTFEEDING

INTERNATIONAL BOARD CERTIFIED LACTATION . CONSULTANT (IBCLC). www.ilca.org in your area. CERTIFIED LACTATION COUNSELOR OR CERTIFIED BREASTFEEDING EDUCATOR. after the baby is born. that are learn to breastfeed. counselors and educators have special

Baby-Friendly.

7 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

MOTHER­TO­MOTHER SUPPORT

• baby and can help other mothers www.llli.org. • • • Social media sites are popular but do not rely on these resources for – instead. • – – counselor. “Peer” means that the

WHAT YOUR PARTNER CAN DO

WIC PROGRAM

http://www.fns.usda. gov/wic/breastfeeding-promotion-and- support-wic 703-305-2060.

8 BUILDING A SUPPORT NETWORK

• • are at home to be fed • • support persons can be involved in the • • • • Help around the house

CALL 800­994­9662 FOR SUPPORT!

www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding and www.womenshealth.gov/itsonlynatural.

9 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

BREASTFEEDING MYTHS

MYTH: YOU WON’T BE ABLE TO MAKE ENOUGH MILK. also play a role. MYTH: IF YOUR BREASTS ARE TOO SMALL, YOU CAN’T BREASTFEED. should also be an informed one. MYTH: BREASTFEEDING SPOILS A . MYTH: EVERYONE USES FORMULA. baby to be attached to his or her mother . Research over the past babies. MYTH: FORMULA HAS MORE VITAMINS THAN MYTH: IF YOUR BREASTS ARE TOO LARGE OR YOU’RE BREASTMILK. PLUS SIZE, YOU CAN’T BREASTFEED. MYTH: BREASTFEEDING HURTS. cannot match the nutrients and vitamins only be passed from your body to your recommended by the American Academy page 14 to learn more. on page 4. MYTH: BREASTFEEDING MAKES YOUR BREASTS SAG.

3

10 HOW YOUR MILK IS MADE

The breasts often become fuller and ALVEOLI CELLS: AREOLA: Nipple LOBES: MILK DUCTS: Alveoli cells the breast to the nipple/areola area

NIPPLE:

WHAT IS THE LET­DOWN REFLEX?

11 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

LEARNING TO BREASTFEED

• • can breastfeed often. • • Breastfeed as soon as possible after • • three years. necessary.

PREPARE FOR BREASTFEEDING BEFORE YOU GIVE BIRTH

TAKE A BREASTFEEDING CLASS. TELL YOUR DOCTOR THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO BREASTFEED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER DELIVERY. GET GOOD PRENATAL CARE avoid early delivery. Babies born too early TALK TO FRIENDS WHO HAVE BREASTFED ASK YOUR DOCTOR TO RECOMMEND A LACTATION TELL YOUR DOCTOR ABOUT YOUR PLANS TO CONSULTANT. You can establish a BREASTFEED GET THE ITEMS YOU WILL NEED FOR BREASTFEEDING have support ready after the baby is born. TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR ABOUT YOUR HEALTH. Discuss deliver your baby. create the best possible environment for

12 HOW OFTEN SHOULD I BREASTFEED?

FOLLOW YOUR BABY’S LEAD

of frustration for you and your baby. One to you. SUPPORT YOUR BABY, BUT DON’T FORCE THE LATCH. CREATE A CALM ENVIRONMENT FIRST. Support his head and shoulders as he searches for your breast. Avoid the temptation to help him latch on.

HOLD YOUR BABY SKIN­TO­SKIN. Hold your ALLOW YOUR BREAST TO HANG NATURALLY and reach up and over the nipple. As she presses her chin into the breast and LET YOUR BABY LEAD

breast. They may be shorter or HOW LONG SHOULD FEEDINGS BE? page 55 for a

13 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

GETTING YOUR BABY TO LATCH

Pull your baby close so that the chin and

SOME BABIES LATCH ON RIGHT AWAY, AND FOR SOME IT TAKES MORE TIME. and she said he had developed a perfect latch. She called us the miracle mom Jill, Bridgewater, Massachusetts

14 SIGNS OF A GOOD LATCH

• The latch feels comfortable to you • • • body. She does not have to turn her • • • see it. • •

15 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

HELP WITH LATCH PROBLEMS

ARE YOU IN PAIN? ARE YOU OR YOUR BABY FRUSTRATED? by a health problem. COULD YOUR BABY BE TONGUE­TIED? DOES YOUR BABY HAVE A WEAK SUCK OR MAKE ONLY TINY SUCKLING MOVEMENTS?

A GOOD LATCH

BREASTFEEDING HOLDS

comfortable and support their babies

16 CLUTCH OR “FOOTBALL” HOLD: useful if you CROSS­CRADLE OR TRANSITIONAL HOLD: useful for CRADLE HOLD: is comfortable for most mothers and support and may help the baby stay head on your forearm and his or her his or her head at the level of your nipple. hand. palm of your hand at the base of his or her head.

LAID­BACK HOLD (STRADDLE HOLD): a more SIDE­LYING POSITION: useful if you have had baby close so your baby faces your body. to your breast. As your baby searches for

17 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

TIPS FOR MAKING IT WORK

LEARN YOUR BABY’S HUNGER SIGNS. alert and active. They may put their KEEP YOUR BABY CLOSE TO YOU. the breast. Remember that your baby is not used MAKE SURE YOUR BABY SLEEPS SAFELY AND CLOSE BY. Have your baby sleep in a crib or bassinet in your bedroom so that you can for the baby to latch if he is upset. Over FOLLOW YOUR BABY’S LEAD. AVOID . doctor has told you to use them because

VITAMIN D page 30.

MAKING PLENTY OF MILK

healthy. See page 7 for other types of health

18 HOW LONG SHOULD I BREASTFEED? Association.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN WITH YOUR MILK, YOUR BABY, AND YOU IN THE FIRST FEW WEEKS

TIME MILK BABY YOU (MOM)

BIRTH time to breastfeed your baby. baby early protection

FIRST 12–24 HOURS Be sure to rest. You may not see the your baby needs and in

NEXT 3–5 DAYS Your breasts may feel breastfed babies do not eat on a schedule. can use disposable or cloth pads in your bra

FIRST 4–6 WEEKS continues. breasts may become time and may be further apart.

19 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

HOW TO KNOW YOUR BABY IS GETTING ENOUGH MILK

• ounce each day. periods. • • Your breasts may feel softer after you • feed your baby. old. •

THE NEWBORN TUMMY

20 especially in the early days. Once HOW MUCH DO BABIES TYPICALLY EAT?

TYPICAL NUMBER OF WET DIAPERS AND BOWEL MOVEMENTS IN A BABY’S FIRST WEEK (IT IS FINE IF YOUR BABY HAS MORE) 1 DAY = 24 HOURS

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF BOWEL COLOR AND TEXTURE OF BABY’S AGE WET DIAPERS MOVEMENTS BOWEL MOVEMENTS

DAY 1 1

DAY 2 2 3

DAY 3 5–6 3 6–8 cloth

DAY 4 6 3

DAY 5 6 3

DAY 6 6 3

DAY 7 6 3

21 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

COMMON CHALLENGES

But remember that you are not alone. problems.

CHALLENGE: SORE NIPPLES

• not use these products. Your doctor once you and your baby have found a best for you and your baby. • • WHAT YOU CAN DO you breastfeed. • page 14 for • nipples. • disposable pads you can place in • Avoid harsh soaps or ointments that • Get help from your doctor or your nipples and breasts clean. • aspirin pain relievers.

22 CHALLENGE:

• • concerned. stops. page 20. • formula or cereal in addition to your THERE MAY BE TIMES WHEN YOU THINK YOUR SUPPLY IS LOW, BUT IT IS ACTUALLY JUST FINE. • • WHAT YOU CAN DO • • • Breastfeed often and let your baby

23 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

CHALLENGE: OVERSUPPLY OF MILK

• uncomfortable for you and your baby. • before you are ready to breastfeed on page 18 WHAT YOU CAN DO • Burp your baby often if he or she • Breastfeed on one side for each to relieve some of the pressure. You also can use a cold compress or

CHALLENGE: STRONG LET­DOWN REFLEX

WHAT YOU CAN DO • • •

CHALLENGE: ENGORGEMENT

page 26 important to try to prevent it before this and painful. You also may have breast

or more days.

24 CHALLENGE: ENGORGEMENT (CONT.)

WHAT YOU CAN DO • • • • • • Use cold compresses on your breast of the nipple and help your baby • latch. Try one of the holds in the pain. • • baby breastfed at home. Be sure to not let more than four hours pass pain. You may need to repeat each • •

SIX ENGORGEMENT HOLDS*:

1. 2. 3. place them on each side of the nipple.

4. 5. 6. nipple.

*© 25 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

CHALLENGE: PLUGGED DUCT

WHAT YOU CAN DO • • area. • the breast. You should not have a fever or other symptoms. • • duct does not drain properly. Pressure • • breast at a time. the nipple.

CHALLENGE: BREAST INFECTION (MASTITIS)

• • the nipple. • • Nausea • • • page 30 • WHAT YOU CAN DO • • other family members have a cold or the

26

SEE YOUR DOCTOR RIGHT AWAY IF: • • • • Your symptoms came on severely and suddenly.

CHALLENGE: FUNGAL INFECTIONS

• nipples • nipples or in your breast. This type of • • • Achy breasts • Candida • Candida • healthy by the natural bacteria in our or toys your baby puts in her WHAT YOU CAN DO Candida • Boil all breast pump parts that touch • Nipple soreness that lasts more than • • often. •

each other.

a horrible case of thrush had been – Jessica, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 27 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

CHALLENGE: NURSING STRIKE

• WHAT YOU CAN DO • in routine the baby used to breastfeed to avoid • • This usually does not mean that the baby • • • • babies may just become fussy at the • reaction if the baby has bitten her breast entirely. • • • • • sore • • • especially if your baby is unhappy. Be

28 CHALLENGE: INVERTED, FLAT, OR VERY LARGE NIPPLES

• WHAT YOU CAN DO • consultant if you are concerned about your nipples. must latch on to both the nipple and the • pull your nipples out. You also can use a special device that pulls out nipples.

29 YOURY OUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

COMMON QUESTIONS

SHOULD I SUPPLEMENT WITH FORMULA? or pharmacist about medicines you are baby still needs vitamin D supplements. medicines. This includes prescription DOES MY BABY NEED CEREAL OR WATER? D from the food they eat. and dietary or herbal supplements. IS IT SAFE TO SMOKE, DRINK, OR USE DRUGS? the baby cereal may cause your baby to have on the breastfed baby. because it can help protect your baby of medicines on breastfed babies. The https://toxnet.nlm. nih.gov/newtoxnet/lactmed.htm. You can print out the information you IS IT OKAY FOR MY BABY TO USE A PACIFIER? pharmacist to discuss. CAN I BREASTFEED IF I AM SICK? DOES MY BABY NEED MORE VITAMIN D? page 5 to learn about and tremors. CAN I TAKE MEDICINES IF I AM BREASTFEEDING? that you do not infect him or her. Have

4 3030 • page 37 for more can help relieve pain and soothe an upset • baby. • • DO I STILL NEED BIRTH CONTROL IF I AM antimetabolites BREASTFEEDING? • delay the return of normal ovulation WILL MY PARTNER BE JEALOUS IF I BREASTFEED? WHAT SHOULD I DO IF MY BABY BITES ME? doctor birth control choices that you can I HEARD THAT BREASTMILK CAN HAVE TOXINS IN IT reasons to breastfeed. Remind your FROM THE ENVIRONMENT. IS IT STILL SAFE FOR MY BABY? • Gently press your baby to your open her mouth more to breathe. is convenient and comfortable. Be sure • can cost you money. Your partner can pollutants. Remember that your baby limits. • DO I HAVE TO RESTRICT MY SEX LIFE WHILE already. BREASTFEEDING? • comfortable for you and your partner if • or chemicals. WHAT DO I DO IF MY BABY KEEPS CRYING? DOES MY BREASTFED BABY NEED VACCINES? IS IT SAFE FOR ME TO GET A VACCINE WHEN I’M BREASTFEEDING? Yes. Vaccines are very important to baby may be uncomfortable or in pain. also help your baby respond better to •

31 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

BREASTFEEDING A BABY WITH A HEALTH PROBLEM

Some health problems in babies can your baby needs — even more so if your Some common health problems in baby cannot breastfeed directly from

JAUNDICE

bilirubin. Bilirubin is found in the blood but usually only in very small amounts. build up faster than it can be removed from the intestinal tract. Jaundice can and third day of life. The jaundice usually removed from the body easily. not harmful. Some breastfed babies develop jaundice

treatment options and let the possible.

32 REFLUX DISEASE

Some babies have a condition called • discomfort of these symptoms and not have GERD. • pain these symptoms have a severe case of • tube in the throat. Some symptoms of • • • • •

COLIC

you eat can help. Some infants seem to breastfed babies may be sensitive to a hernia or some type of illness.

33 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

PREMATURE OR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

insurance plans must cover breast you are able to rent an electric pump or a manual pump. • EVEN IF YOUR BABY IS BORN PREMATURELY AND YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO BREASTFEED AT FIRST, YOUR BABY CAN STILL BENEFIT FROM YOUR MILK. YOU CAN: • • once your baby is ready to breastfeed in the hospital as soon as you are able. • consultant on proper latch and SOME BABIES CAN BREASTFEED RIGHT AWAY.

34 BREASTFEEDING AND SPECIAL SITUATIONS

TWINS OR MULTIPLES

SEEKING SUPPORT • of multiples and their babies are the Reach out to other moms of multiples same as for all mothers and babies — • • more than one baby may seem – www.llli.org/faq/twins.html can rent a breast pump if the babies – Mothering Multiples: Breastfeeding are born early. and Caring for Twins or More! successfully breastfeed more than one

DID YOU KNOW?

35 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

MAKING ENOUGH MILK • • • birth is helpful for multiples the their eyes. page 20. •

 Jen, Charleston, South Carolina

• page 20 • page 22 • page 23

36 BREASTFEEDING AFTER BREAST SURGERY

implants usually breastfeed successfully. as possible.

ADOPTION AND INDUCING LACTATION

breastfeed their babies and can do it baby arrives and start to breastfeed then. system or a lactation aid to ensure your and a lactation consultant. They can physical action. The stimulation of the same time.

USING MILK FROM DONOR BANKS

– – some therapies may mean only a • to parents of babies in need. This is • – has not been tested in a lab such as at a – Your baby has other health insurance company does not cover the problems. – payments.

37 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

BREASTFEEDING IN PUBLIC

Some mothers feel uncomfortable comforted and close to you. But be • • • such as the American Academy of • in a booth. the best choice for the health of a mother and her baby. You can see becomes fussy so that you have time to www.ncsl.org/research/ health/breastfeeding-state-laws. aspx. comfortable. your choice to breastfeed your baby. • out and about. You should be proud of • around your shoulders. • temperature.

38 PUMPING AND STORING YOUR MILK

PUMPING YOUR BREASTMILK

• your breasts. and your pump parts and bottles are • clean. • Gently rub your nipples. • • •

39 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

WAYS TO EXPRESS YOUR MILK BY HAND OR PUMP

TYPE HOW IT WORKS WHAT’S INVOLVED AVERAGE COST

HAND You use your • Requires practice, skill, and coordination Free EXPRESSION hand to massage • Gets easier with practice, and can be as fast as pumping and compress • Good if you are seldom away from your baby or you need an your breast to option that is always with you. But all moms should learn how remove milk. to hand express. Watch a video at http://med.stanford.edu/ newborns/professional-education/breastfeeding/hand- expressing-milk.html

MANUAL You use your • Requires practice, skill, and coordination $30 to $50 PUMP hand and wrist • Useful for occasional pumping if you are away from your baby to operate a only once in a while hand-held • May put you at higher risk of breast infection device to pump the milk.

ELECTRIC Runs on battery • Can be easier for some moms $150 to more BREAST or plugs into an • Can pump one breast at a time or both breasts at the same time than $250 PUMP electrical outlet. • Double pumping may collect more milk in less time, which is helpful if you are going back to work or school full-time • Need a place to clean and store the equipment between uses

You can rent an electric pump from a Learn more about your breastfeeding lactation consultant at a local hospital or health insurance plan must cover the cost www.HealthCare.gov and talk from a breastfeeding organization. This to your insurance company to learn their type of pump works well for creating a rental or a new one for you to keep. Your milk supply when a new baby can’t feed plan may provide guidance on whether at the breast. Mothers who struggled with the covered pump is manual or electric, how long the coverage of a rented pump these pumps work well for them. lasts, and when they’ll provide the pump.

40

STORING YOUR BREASTMILK

• Try to leave an inch or so from the • door. TIPS FOR THAWING AND WARMING UP MILK • AFTER EACH PUMPING • • care provider. temperature. Some moms serve it • cold. • not recommended — this can cause • • • TIPS FOR FREEZING MILK • •

41 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

GUIDE TO STORING FRESH BREASTMILK FOR USE WITH HEALTHY FULL­TERM INFANTS

PLACE TEMPERATURE HOW LONG THINGS TO KNOW

COUNTERTOP, Room temp TABLE

REFRIGERATOR

FREEZER

DEEP FREEZER

Source: Adapted from 7th Edition American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Pediatric Nutrition Handbook (2014); 2nd Edition AAP/American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians (2014); Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM) Clinical Protocol #8 Human Milk Storage Guidelines (2010); CDC Human Milk Storage Guidelines (2015).

42 GUIDE TO STORING THAWED BREASTMILK

ROOM TEMPERATURE REFRIGERATOR (60°F TO 85°F) (39°F OR COLDER) ANY FREEZERS

THAWED BREASTMILK

Source: American Academy of Pediatrics

– Lin, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania

43 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

GOING BACK TO WORK

DURING YOUR MATERNITY LEAVE

• you recover from childbirth and close. See pages 39 to 43 for more • • care provider about your desire to pump may be the best method for • need their support.

BACK AT WORK

• • you both time to reconnect before over lunch. • other family responsibilities.

44 GET A QUALITY BREAST PUMP

page 40 for more information on types of breast

FIND A PRIVATE PLACE TO EXPRESS MILK

private area you can use. You may be able The room should be private and secure should also have an electrical outlet if toilet stall.

WHEN TO EXPRESS MILK

45 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

HOW MUCH MILK SHOULD I SEND WITH MY BABY DURING THE DAY? page 20

PUMPING TIPS

• • • • Gently rub your nipples. • your baby.

STORING YOUR MILK

SUPPORTING NURSING MOMS AT WORK: EMPLOYER SOLUTIONS www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/employer-solutions/ index.php YOUR BUSINESS CAN TAKE by industry. EASY STEPS TO SUPPORT BREASTFEEDING! THE BUSINESS CASE FOR BREASTFEEDING http://www.womenshealth. gov/breastfeeding/business-case-for-breastfeeding.html.

46 NUTRITION AND FITNESS

HEALTHY EATING

• There are no foods you need to avoid. • and love. does not cause a problem for most that some foods cause stomach upset in • a supplement. Vitamin and foods to see if your baby feels better and mineral supplements should not need a multivitamin and mineral • supplement. • See page 30 for information on

TIPS FOR HEALTHY EATING Tips Nutrition Education Series” at www.choosemyplate.gov.

47 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

GET A DAILY PLAN FOR MOMS DESIGNED JUST FOR YOU. https://www.choosemyplate. gov/pregnancy-breastfeeding CHOOSEMYPLATE FOR MOMS

https://www.choosemyplate.gov/tools-supertracker

CAN A BABY BE ALLERGIC TO BREASTMILK?

• better results. • • • • • mucus or blood

VEGAN DIETS

FITNESS

bra or sports bra and pads in case you

48 HANDLING STRESS

SURROUND YOURSELF WITH SUPPORTIVE PEOPLE. GET MOVING. conditions. Physical activity improves your mood. breastfeed can be stressful. But it is themselves. Try to listen to your body so your health. DON’T DEAL WITH STRESS IN UNHEALTHY WAYS. RELAX. unhealthy to overeat in response to stress. GET HELP FROM A PROFESSIONAL IF YOU NEED IT. you and your baby. Use this time to bond help promote sleep. But not all medicines SLEEP. to your doctor or pharmacist before

DID YOU KNOW?

49 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

WEANING YOUR BABY

suddenly can be physically painful for you and emotionally hard on you and your baby.

WHEN TO WEAN YOUR BABY

the toddler years and beyond. . been found of developmental harm many medicines are safe for both baby • and mother. The American Academy of Pediatrics • • • • • as both you and your baby are comfortable. Some mothers and babies continue to nurse into

5 The Cultural Nature of Human Development. Oxford University Press. pp. 64–65.

50 HOW TO TELL WHEN YOUR CHILD IS READY TO WEAN

HE OR SHE LOSES INTEREST IN NURSING. NURSING SESSIONS HAPPEN LESS OFTEN. earlier than is normal due to separation page 28.

51 YOUR GUIDE TO BREASTFEEDING

IF YOUR BABY IS YOUNGER THAN 1 YEAR DOES MY CHILD NEED FORMULA WHEN I WEAN?

IF YOUR BABY IS OLDER THAN 1 YEAR

HOW TO WEAN YOUR BABY

infection. are some reasons you may have to stop • • and even perhaps before you planned to close to you. • any herbal remedies or alternative • • you and your baby. try a car ride or let your partner do • your breasts or pump a tiny amount if the bedtime routine. your breasts become uncomfortable. • hard emotionally on both of you. • place the leaves in your bra over your breasts and under the arms if • often as needed for comfort. younger • than 1 yearolder than 1 year for you. Try these tips to ease discomfort. • • and jasmine. Antihistamines or • Do not bind your breasts. This hormonal birth control may also

52