Molecular Diffusion in Fluids : Molecular Diffusion, Often Simply

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Subject: Mass Transfer -I 4th Semester Molecular Diffusion in fluids : Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero. The rate of this movement is a function of temperature, viscosity of the fluid and the size (mass) of the particles. Diffusion explains the net flux of molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Once the concentrations are equal the molecules continue to move, but since there is no concentration gradient the process of molecular diffusion has ceased and is instead governed by the process of self diffusion, originating from the random motion of the molecules. According to Fick’s first law for the z direction Where , Steady-State Molecular Diffusion in Fluids at rest and in Laminar flow: When the diffusion is only in z direction with and both constant we can write the equation here 1 indicates the beginning of the diffusion path and 2 indicates end of the diffusion path letting and integrating we get Molecular Diffusion in gases: When the ideal-gas law can be applied equation (2) can be written in a form more convenient for use with gas. Thus, Where Further So equation (2) becomes Or Steady-State diffusion of A through non diffusing B: This might occur for example if Ammonia (A) were being absorbed from air (B) into water. In the gas phase since air does not dissolved appreciably in water, and if we neglect the evaporation of water only the Ammonia diffuses. Thus And equation (3) become Since If we let Then Steady-State equimolal counter diffusion: This is the situation which frequently pertains in distillation operation. Equation (3) becomes indeterminate but we can write according to Ficks law Or for this case Molecular Diffusion in liquids: In case of diffusion in liquids , C and DAB may vary considerably with respect to process conditions. Hence eq. 2 becomes Where ρ is solution density and M is solution molecular weight. Case-I: Diffusion of liquid A through a stagnant liquid B NB=0 NA= Constant. Case -II :Equimolal counter diffusion NA= - NB Note: Reference- R.E. Trebal Assignment (1) : Try to attempt all questions except Q.1,2 and 3, take assumptions if any data is missing .

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or collective redistirbution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] ofor Th e The to: [email protected] Oceanography approval Oceanography correspondence POall Box 1931, portionthe Send Society. Rockville, ofwith any permittedUSA. articleonly photocopy by Society, is MD 20849-1931, of machine, this reposting, means or collective or other redistirbution article has This been published in hands - on O ceanography Oceanography Diffusion at Work , Volume 20, Number 3, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2007 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systemmatic reproduction, reproduction, Republication, systemmatic research. for this and teaching article copy to use in reserved.by The 2007 is rights ofAll granted journal Copyright Oceanography The Permission 20, NumberOceanography 3, a quarterly Society. Society. , Volume An Interactive Simulation B Y L ee K arp-B oss , E mmanuel B oss , and J ames L oftin PURPOSE OF ACTIVITY or small particles due to their random (Brownian) motion and The goal of this activity is to help students better understand the resultant net migration of material from regions of high the nonintuitive concept of diffusion and introduce them to a concentration to regions of low concentration. Stirring (where variety of diffusion-related processes in the ocean. As part of material gets stretched and folded) expands the area available this activity, students also practice data collection and statisti- for diffusion to occur, resulting in enhanced mixing compared cal analysis (e.g., average, variance, and probability distribution to that due to molecular diffusion alone.
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