animals Article What Goes Wrong during Early Development of Artificially Reproduced European Eel Anguilla anguilla? Clues from the Larval Transcriptome and Gene Expression Patterns Pauline Jéhannet 1, Arjan P. Palstra 1,*, Leon T. N. Heinsbroek 2, Leo Kruijt 1, Ron P. Dirks 3, William Swinkels 4 and Hans Komen 1 1 Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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[email protected] Simple Summary: Closing the life cycle of the European eel in captivity is urgently needed to gain perspective for the commercial production of juvenile glass eels. Larvae are produced weekly at our facilities, but large variations in larval mortality are observed during the first week after hatching. Although much effort has been devoted to investigating ways to prevent early larval mortality, it remains unclear what the causes are. The aim of this study was to perform a transcriptomic study Citation: Jéhannet, P.; Palstra, A.P.; on European eel larvae in order to identify genes and physiological pathways that are differentially Heinsbroek, L.T.N.; Kruijt, L.; Dirks, regulated in the comparison of larvae from batches that did not survive for longer than three days R.P.; Swinkels, W.; Komen, H. What vs. larvae from batches that survived for at least a week up to 22 days after hatching (non-viable Goes Wrong during Early vs.