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Architectural Drawing Part 2

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Architectural Drawing Part 2 "72 0 i /(07) 157 l 1 v-® d—f----- ---------- 1 pt.2 '/federal Housing Administration Library ' k -; \ i - ^ International Correspondence Schools, Scranton, Pa. Architectural Drawing I Prepared especially for home study .. ; By WILLIAM S. LOWNDES, Ph. B., A.I.A. and FREDERICK FLETCHER, A.I.A. Registered Architect 5637B-2 Part 2 Edition 3 4 assignments ! International Correspondence Schools, Scranton, Pennsylvania International Correspondence Schools, Canadian, Ltd., Montreal, Canada T /4y£-l( d&n U ,^/ff y & " ? ^y/ ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING^ \A Part 2 “The beginning is half the thing." —Greek Proverb ** + By “Well begun is half done” is another familiar saying. .] WILLIAM S. LOWNDES, Ph.B., A.I.A. In your decision to “do something” to add to your fund of and knowledge through some systematic spare-time gtudy, you are “well begun.” And if you will persist in this deter­ FREDERICK FLETCHER, A.I.A. mination, diligently studying one lesson after another, one Registered Architect day, not too far in the future, you’ll “BE DONE.” '! 25 Serial 5637B-2 Copyright© 1981, 1954, 1944, by INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK COMPANY Copyright in Great Britain. All rights reserved Printed in United States of America International Correspondence Schoolsj * t Scranton, Pennsylvania/ ICS International Correspondence Schools Canadian, Ltd, Montreal, Canada What This Text Covers . ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING I. Preliminary Considerations Pages 1 to 25 Part 2 Certain preliminary steps are necessary before you can start the working drawings for a building. The requirements of the client, the survey, sketches and studies, and cost esti­ PRACTICAL PROBLEMS mates are explained. FRAME RESIDENCE 2. Making Working Drawings Pages 26 to 51 Working drawings are prepared after the design has been 1. Introduction.—To illustrate the application of the prin­ approved. The working drawings include plans, elevations, ciples of drawing set forth in previous texts, a practical prob­ sections, and details. lem will be considered. The problem will consist of studying the development of a set of plans for a residence, as shown in the 3. Brick-Veneer and Block-Construction . .. Pages 52 to 66 accompanying supplement, from the time the owner, or client, You will be interested in the details of brick veneer and block first consults an architect regarding it until it is completed. In construction. Features common to bungalow construction are addition to the special problem, other architectural features shown. will be considered. 4. Steel Skeleton Building Page 85 2. The drawing work in this text consists of four plates In the usual multistory building many floors are similar in plan and can be shown in one drawing. Technical considera­ as follows: tions, such as the design of steel columns and beams, affect Plate I.... First-Floor Plan, (Art. 42) the plans. Plate II___Second-Floor Plan (Art. 101) Plate III.... Front Elevation (Art. 109) 5. Key to Criticism Pages 85 to 86 Plate IV___Fireplace and Chimney Details (Art. 139) Each plate should be sent to the Schools for examination as soon 3637B as it is completed. Although only these four plates are to be sent to the Schools for examination and correction, the student will profit by drawing the various details that are described. 3. The Problem.—A client or owner wishing to build a residence for himself and family consults an architect regarding its design and erection. During the consultation the owner states his requirements and the amount of money that he wishes to spend. His family consists of himself, his wife, and a son 17 2 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING, PART 2 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING, PART 2 3 years of age. Provision must be made for these, and one bed­ screens. (3) A central hall extending through the house from room must be provided for guests. The following rooms are, front to rear, containing the main staircase, a coat closet, and therefore, required in order that the house shall furnish the a toilet room. (4) A dining room large enough to accommodate necessary accommodations. eight persons. (5) A kitchen containing the usual accessories, such as dressers, cabinet, sink, range, refrigerator, etc. The ioo'-Q" lO’-o" kitchen should open into the hall so that a servant can answer + 29 the front-door bell without going through the dining room or + 23 the living room. (6) Stairs running from the cellar to the 1.0T LlflES second floor. (7) A porch at the kitchen door with a suitable E roof for shelter. (8) A den or study, which may be used as a I guest room if desired, may be included in the first-floor accom­ © i modations, if convenient. 5- On the second floor: (1) A large bedroom, with a dressing •w ii U room and a connecting private bath, for the owner and his wife. O d (2) A bedroom for the son. (3) A guest room. Each bedroom _! 55 o co is to have a suitable connecting closet. (4) A bathroom o (Q E accessible from the hall. *-15'-(A d O £ a In the cellar: (1) A laundry. (2) A boiler room and coal RESTIUCTIO/f LINZS o U bins. (3) A recreation room. \ (Q a General matters decided upon are that a direct steam-heat system is to be used, that the building is to have a stucco finish, =o and that the walls and roof are to be insulated. ‘in oj 4. Survey.—The owner has had a survey made of his lot, ^BUILDLNG Ok. EE/ICE LI-NE^* as shown in Fig. 1, which shows a lot 100 feet X 100 feet in size, O and practically level. It also shows that sewer and water pipes i run through Walnut Avenue. The house is to face the west on +50y T + 29 CUB.B Ll/d Er Walnut Avenue. The lines ab and be show the distance that the • Walnut ■ AVe/iue • actual building must be kept back from the building lines, in accordance with the terms of the deed to the property. The Water. llne O/mfcCTIO-N architect must consider the presence of such restriction lines in “ seWer. Lf/fiF*’"" the deed to a property on which a building is to be erected, as Fig. 1 the client will be held responsible for any violations of the pro­ visions of the deed. On the first floor: (1) A large, cheerful living room, provided with a fireplace, and having windows on two or three sides so 5. Rough Sketches.—During the discussion with the client, as to obtain sunlight during the greater part of the day and to the architect who can use his pencil freely may make rough afford pleasant outlooks in different directions. (2) A porch sketches which, while far from accurate, will nevertheless express opening off the living room which can be enclosed by glass or his ideas or the suggestions of the client. Sketches such as an A 4 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING, PART 2 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING, PART 2 5 architect would make under these circumstances are illustrated facilitate discussion and assist the client in formulating his ideas. in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. For instance, Fig. 2 shows a rough sketch They do not necessarily bind the architect to any final scheme, of a First- and a Second-Floor Plan which, for the purpose of as he is still at liberty to make any improvements and further discussion, is clear enough. A suggestion for a treatment of studies that may seem desirable. the fireplace side of the living room is shown in Fig. 3. ’S TH S :5 5+COHS J'l-GDTL ?L/>N i |s=. mm*** 7. Since the question of cost is always an important one, j'lMf flODX ]>L-AN the architect should be prepared to give a rough approximation Fig. 2 of the cost. From his own experience or from that of architects who have erected buildings similar to the proposed building, the 6. A view that gives a clear idea of an exterior treatment architect should have some knowledge of the cost per cubic is shown in Fig. 4. Sketches such as these, which can be made foot of the building under consideration. He can then roughly in a few moments by a skilful draftsman or architect, greatly estimate the cubic contents of the proposed building and multi- ' i 6 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING, PART 2 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING, PART 2 7 ply this by the price per cubic foot and obtain an approximate cost. This will probably vary from the actual cost by from 5 to 25 per cent, but the figure is as near the actual price as possible until the working drawings and specifications are completed. This approximate estimate will determine whether the client can pay for a stone house or a brick house, or whether he will have to build a frame house in order to obtain the accommoda­ tions that he requires. In this case the client decided that he can afford to pay for a good frame house, but he does not want the house covered with clapboards or shingles. 8. The architect suggests a simple and dignified treatment in stucco on a wooden frame such as the one shown in Fig. 4, and the client asks the architect to submit sketches of such a building that will meet the conditions and will not cost more than a specified amount. The architect is then prepared to make the preliminary studies and sketches. PRELIMINARY STUDIES VO i 9. Making Preliminary Studies.—The next * peration the architect must perform, after obtaining the client’s ideas regard­ ing requirements and the survey of the lot, is that of making a thorough study of the problem of designing a house that will meet the client’s requirements.
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