Brief write up on pheromone lures

Heli-Lure: Helicoverpa armigera also known as false American bollworm, pod borer, fruit borer, capsule borer, cobworm, earhead borer, etc. It is a polyphagous pest attacking about 200 different species of plants including cotton, tobacco, , , , pearl , red gram, green gram, Bengal gram, cow pea, tomato, , sunflower, groundnut, linseed, sesamum, safflower, rose, grapes, etc. The pheromone of the this borer, Heli-Lure is to be used with PCI's Funnel Traps (Fero-T) at 10 traps per acre and traps to be installed during flowering. Heli-Lures have to be changed once in 30 days.

Spodo-Lure: Spodoptera litura (Tobacco Caterpillar) is the prime defoliator of a variety of crops including beetroot, cabbage, castor, cauliflower, chillies, cotton, grapes, groundnut, lucerne, potato, tobacco, etc. It is also a serious problem in the nursery stage of crops such as tobacco. The pheromone of this pest, Spodo-Lure is to be used with PCI's Funnel Traps (Fero-T) at 10 traps per acre and traps to be installed a week after transplanting/sowing. Spodo-Lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

Pectino-Lure: Cotton is the main host plant of Pectinophora gossypiella, also known as pink bollworm. The is active from early stages of the crop, with a build up of the population being noticed as the bolls start maturing. The pheromone of this pest, Pectino-Lure and Pectino-Lure (SL) is to be used with PCI's Funnel Traps (Fero-T)/Sticky (Del-Ta) traps at 8 traps per acre and traps to be installed during flowring. Pectino-Lure has to be changed once in 60 days and Pectino-Lure (SL) has to be changed once in 120 days.

Ervit-Lure and Erin-Lure: Earias vitella (Spotted Bollworm) and Earias insulana (Spiny Bollworm) are distributed in most cotton growing regions. E. vittella is most common in northern belt, while E. insulana is distributed in Peninsular . Spotted bollworm infestation is generally more in good rainfall areas whereas spiny bollworm infestation is more in areas with comparatively less precipitation. Both the species also attack other malvaceous crop like Bhendi. The pheromone of the these two pests, Ervit-Lure and Erin-Lure are to be used with PCI's Funnel Traps (Fero-T) at 10 traps per acre and traps to be installed during flowring. Both the lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

DBM-Lure: Diamond Back (Plutella xylostella), is a well known pest of cruciferous crops throughout the country and it's larvae bite holes in leaves and cause serious damage. It attacks cabbage, cauliflower, radish and knolkhol. The pheromone of this pest, DBM-Lure is to be used with PCI's Water Traps (Wota-T) at 20 traps per acre and traps to be installed a week after transplanting. DBM-Lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

ESB-Lure: Early Shoot Borer (ESB) ( infuscatellus) is generally a pre-monsoon pest and peak infestations are observed in April-June in northern India and February-March and September- October in southern India. ESB pheromone lure (ESB-Lure) is to be used with PCI's Wota-T (Water trap) at 8 traps per acre within a week of sett placement/planting. ESB-Lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

INB-Lure: Sugarcane Internode Borer (INB) (Chilo sacchariphagus indicus), a major pest of sugarcane in peninsular India, remains active throughout the year and completes upto six overlapping generations. INB pheromone lure (INB-Lure) is to be used with PCI's Wota-T (Water trap) at 8 traps per acre and traps to be installed after two months of sett placement/planting. INB-Lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

STB-Lure: Sugarcane Top Borer (STB) (Scirpophaga excerptalis) is present in all sugarcane grown regions in the country with distinct broods in its northern range, while overlapping generations are noticed in the south. STB pheromone lure (STB-Lure) is to be used with PCI's Wota-T (Water trap) at 8 traps per acre and traps to be installed after two months of sett placement/planting. STB-Lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

SSB-Lure: Sugarcane Stalk Borer (SSB) ) causes heavy losses to the sugar factory, particularly in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. SSB pheromone lure (SSB-Lure) is to be used with PCI's Wota-T (Water trap) at 8 traps per acre and traps to be installed after two months of sett placement/planting. SSB-Lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

Scirpo-Lure: Paddy Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is a serious pest of in India causing losses varying between 3 to 95% in different parts of the country. It attacks only rice crop and is serious during October-January. The pheromone of the borer, Scirpo-Lure is to be used with PCI's Funnel Traps (Fero-T) at 10 traps per acre and traps to be installed a week after transplanting. Scirpo- Lures have to be changed once in 60 days.

Lucin-Lure: Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (BFSB) or Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer (EFSB) (Leucinodes orbonalis) is a highly destructive pest of Brinjal crop in all parts of India where this crop is cultivated. Lucin-Lure is a sex pheromone lure specially introduced for mass-trapping of male BFSB , for effective management of this pest. Lucin-Lure is to be used in conjunction with PCI's Wota-T (Water trap) at 20 traps per acre within 10-15 days of transplanting of brinjal seedlings in the field. Pheromone trapping should be continued throughout the crop season by replacing Lucin-Lure once in every 60 days.

Bacu-Lure: Melon Fruit (Bactrocera cucurbitae) is a highly destructive pest of cucurbitaceous crops such as gherkin, cucumber, gourd, squash, melon, pumpkin, etc. Bacu-Lure is an environmen-friendly product developed by PCI to assist growers in Melon fly management. The lures contain specific para-pheromones or attractive substance which the adult males require to complete their development.The lures should be used in association with Fligh-T traps manufactured by PCI for best results. Bacu-Lure in combination with Fligh-T trap may be installed @ 6 per acre, at the onset of flowering to mass-trap melon fly adults. The lure is effective for 60 days under field conditions.

Bador-Lure: Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is a very serious pest of a wide variety of fruits such as mango, guava, etc. Bador-Lure is an environmen-friendly product developed by PCI to assist growers in Oriental Fruit Fly management. The lure contain specific para-pheromone or attractive substance which the adult males require to complete their development. The lure should be used in association with Fligh-T traps manufactured by PCI for best results. Bador-Lure in combination with Fligh-T trap may be installed @ 6 per acre, at the onset of flowering to mass-trap fly adults. The lure is effective for 60 days under field conditions. RPW-Lure: The Red Palm weevil (RPW), Rhyncophorus ferrugineus is a destructive pest of Coconut, Oil and other palms. PCI has indigenously synthesized the aggregation pheromone of RPW and produces the lures. RPW-Lures found to be effective for 6 months under field conditions. PCI has also designed a collapsible bucket trap Coco-trapp specifically for mass trapping coconut weevils and beetles. Two RPW-Lures and traps are recommended per acre and can be installed any part of the year and stage of the crop.

RB-Lure: The Rhinoceros beetle (RB),Oryctes rhinoceros, is a destructive pest of Coconut, oil and other palms. PCI has indigenously synthesized the aggregation pheromone of RB and produces the lures. RB-Lures found to be effective for 4 months under field conditions. PCI has also designed a collapsible bucket trap Coco-trapp specifically for mass trapping coconut beetles. Two RB-Lures and traps are recommended per acre and can be installed any part of the year and stage of the crop.

CWSB-Lure: The Coffee White Stem Borer (Xylotrechus quadripes) is one of the important pests of coffee in India and it causes severe damage to arabica coffee. In plantations situated in low elevation and low rainfall areas, and also when the north-east monsoon fails, conditions become favourable for the breeding and multiplication of this pest. The pheromone of the borer, CWSB-Lure is to be used with PCI's Cross-Vane Traps at 10 traps per acre and traps to be installed in the infested garden.

TLM-Lure: Tomato Leaf Miner Lure (TLM-Lure) is recently introduced product against Tuta absoluta. This leaf miner is also called as South American Tomato Leaf Moth or Tomato Pin Worm. It attacks the tomato crop, right from seedling to the mature plant. It also attacks and feeds on other solanaceous vegetable crops such as Brinjal and Potato. The pest has also been reported on other vegetable crops. TLM-Lure is recommended @ 20 per acre with Yellow Sticky Trap (having glue on either side) or Wota-T (portable water trap). TLM-Lure is packed in a tri-laminated foil pouch. Each lure last in the field for around 60 days. The traps and lures can be installed within a week after sowing or transplantation of the crop for effective control.

BHC-Lure: Coconut Black Headed Caterpillar (BHC), Opisina arenosella is a defoliating pest of coconut in India and neighbouring countries. The infestation is chiefly confined to the lower fronds and the caterpillars scrape and feed on lower epidermis of leaflets and construct galleries from silk and excreta. The infested fronds have burnt up appearance. The pheromone of the BHC, BHC-Lure is to be used with PCI's Cross-Vane Traps at 40 traps per acre and traps to be installed in the infested garden by hanging to any frond which is at a height of the middle of the tree canopy.

CPB-Lure: Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha crameralla is the most important insect pest of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in many parts of South-East Asia. The pheromone of the borer, CPB-Lure is to be used with PCI's Del-Ta (Sticky traps) Traps at 10 traps per acre and traps to be installed in the infested garden.

SPW-Lure: Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius) is an important pest of sweet potato both in the field and in storage. The pheromone lure called SPW-Lure should be used along with water trap at the height of the crop canopy. Codling Moth Lure: Codling moth lure with Del-ta trap is used for the management of Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) in apple and Pear orchards.

BAW-Lure: This lure is used for the management of Beet Army Worm (Spodoptera exigua) in onion crop along with funnel trap (fero-T).

Maruca-Lure: Maruca lure is used for monitoring Legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) in legumes and vegetables with water trap.

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