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Surveillance, Privacy and Security

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Surveillance, Privacy and Security Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 Surveillance, Privacy and Security This volume examines the relationship between privacy, surveillance and security, and the alleged privacy–security trade-off, focusing on the citizen’s perspective. Recent revelations of mass surveillance programmes clearly demonstrate the ever- increasing capabilities of surveillance technologies. The lack of serious reactions to these activities shows that the political will to implement them appears to be an unbroken trend. The resulting move into a surveillance society is, however, contested for many reasons. Are the resulting infringements of privacy and other human rights compatible with democratic societies? Is security necessarily depending on surveillance? Are there alternative ways to frame security? Is it possible to gain in security by giving up civil liberties, or is it even necessary to do so, and do citizens adopt this trade-off? This volume contributes to a better and deeper understanding of the relation between privacy, surveillance and security, comprising in-depth investigations and studies of the common narrative that more security can only come at the expense of sacrifice of privacy. The book combines theoretical research with a wide range of empirical studies focusing on the citizen’s perspective. It presents empirical research exploring factors and criteria relevant for the assessment of surveillance technologies. The book also deals with the governance of surveillance technologies. New approaches and instruments for the regulation of security technologies and measures are presented, and recommendations for security policies in line with ethics and fundamental rights are discussed. This book will be of much interest to students of surveillance studies, critical security studies, intelligence studies, EU politics and IR in general. Michael Friedewald is Senior Research Fellow at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany. J. Peter Burgess is Professor and Chair in Geopolitics of Risk at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, and Adjunct Professor at the Centre for Advanced Security Theory (CAST), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 Johann Čas is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Technology Assessment, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Rocco Bellanova is Senior Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) and Visiting Lecturer at the Université Saint-Louis – Brussels (USL-B). Walter Peissl is Deputy Director of the Institute of Technology Assessment, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. PRIO New Security Studies Series Editor: J. Peter Burgess, École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Paris The aim of this book series is to gather state-of-the-art theoretical reflexion and empirical research into a core set of volumes that respond vigorously and dynam- ically to the new challenges to security scholarship. Critical Security and Chinese Politics The Anti-Falungong Campaign Juha A. Vuori Governing Borders and Security The politics of connectivity and dispersal Edited by Catarina Kinnvall and Ted Svensson Contesting Security Strategies and logics Edited by Thierry Balzacq Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security Peace anxieties Edited by Bahar Rumelili Biopolitics of Security A political analytic of finitude Michael Dillon Security Expertise Practice, power, responsibility Edited by Trine Villumsen Berling and Christian Bueger Transformations of Security Studies Dialogues, diversity and discipline Edited by Gabi Schlag, Julian Junk and Christopher Daase The Securitisation of Climate Change Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 Actors, processes and consequences Thomas Diez, Franziskus von Lucke and Zehra Wellmann Surveillance, Privacy and Security Citizens’ perspectives Edited by Michael Friedewald, J. Peter Burgess, Johann Čas, Rocco Bellanova and Walter Peissl Surveillance, Privacy and Security Citizens’ Perspectives Edited by Michael Friedewald, J. Peter Burgess, Johann Čas, Rocco Bellanova and Walter Peissl Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 First published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 selection and editorial material, Michael Friedewald, J. Peter Burgess, Johann Čas, Rocco Bellanova and Walter Peissl; individual chapters, the contributors The right of the editor to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.tandfebooks.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 3.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Friedewald, Michael, 1965– editor. Title: Surveillance, privacy and security : citizens’ perspectives / edited by Michael Friedewald, J. Peter Burgess, Johann Cas, Rocco Bellanova and Walter Peissl. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routlede, 2017. | Series: PRIO new security studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016043185| ISBN 978-1-138-64924-8 (hardback) | ISBN 978-1-315-61930-9 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Electronic surveillance—Social aspects. | Electronic surveillance—Government policy. | Privacy, Right of—Social aspects. | National security—Social aspects. Classification: LCC HM846 .S884 2017 | DDC 323.44/82—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043185 ISBN: 978-1-138-64924-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-61930-9 (ebk) Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 Typeset in Bembo by FiSH Books Ltd, Enfield Contents List of contributors viii Foreword: Ethical experimentations of security and surveillance as an inquiry into the Open Beta Society xv JIM DRATWA Introduction: surveillance, privacy and security 1 JOHANN ČAS, ROCCO BELLANOVA, J. PETER BURGESS, MICHAEL FRIEDEWALD AND WALTER PEISSL PART I Citizens’ perceptions on security and privacy – empirical findings 13 1 Privacy and security: citizens’ desires for an equal footing 15 TIJS VAN DEN BROEK, MEREL OOMS, MICHAEL FRIEDEWALD, MARC VAN LIESHOUT AND SVEN RUNG 2 Citizens’ privacy concerns: does national culture matter? 36 JELENA BUDAK, EDO RAJH AND VEDRAN RECHER 3 The acceptance of new security oriented technologies: Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 a ‘framing’ experiment 52 HANS VERMEERSCH AND EVELIEN DE PAUW 4 Aligning security and privacy: the case of Deep Packet Inspection 71 SARA DEGLI ESPOSTI, VINCENZO PAVONE AND ELVIRA SANTIAGO-GÓMEZ vi Contents 5 Beyond the trade-off between privacy and security? Organizational routines and individual strategies at the security check 91 FRANCESCA MENICHELLI PART II Emergent security and surveillance systems 105 6 The deployment of drone technology in border surveillance: between techno-securitization and challenges to privacy and data protection 107 LUISA MARIN 7 Perceptions of videosurveillance in Greece: a ‘Greek paradox’ beyond the trade-off of security and privacy? 123 LILIAN MITROU, PROKOPIOS DROGKARIS AND GEORGE LEVENTAKIS 8 Urban security production between the citizen and the state 139 MATTHIAS LEESE AND PETER BESCHERER PART III Governance of security and surveillance systems 153 9 Moving away from the security–privacy trade-off: the use of the test of proportionality in decision support 155 BERNADETTE SOMODY, MÁTÉ DÁNIEL SZABÓ AND IVÁN SZÉKELY 10 The legal significance of individual choices about privacy and personal data protection 177 GLORIA GONZÁLEZ FUSTER AND SERGE GUTWIRTH 11 The manifold significance of citizens’ legal recommendations on privacy, security and surveillance 191 Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 MARIA GRAZIA PORCEDDA 12 The importance of social and political context in explaining citizens’ attitudes towards electronic surveillance and political participation 212 DIMITRIS TSAPOGAS Contents vii 13 In quest of reflexivity: towards an anticipatory governance regime for security 233 GEORGIOS KOLLIARAKIS 14 A game of hide-and-seek? Unscrambling the trade-off between privacy and security 255 STEFAN STRAUSS Index 273 Downloaded by [University of Twente] at 02:51 03 April 2017 Contributors Rocco Bellanova is Senior Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) and postdoctoral researcher at the Université Saint-Louis – Brussels (USL-B). His research focuses on data-driven security practice, surveillance and data protection. Peter Bescherer is a Researcher at the International Centre for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities (IZEW), University of Tübingen. His research exam- ines the role of civic engagement and issues of justice in the context of urban (in)security. His interests lie in the fields of critical theory of society, urban soci- ology and social movements. A case study on conflicts resulting from different security perceptions in Wuppertal/Germany has been published in Kritische Justiz 1/2016. Tijs van den Broek is a Researcher and Lecturer
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