Self-Organizing Software Architectures
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(Perry & Wolf 92) Software Architecture (Garlan & Shaw
ICS 221, Winter 2001 Software Architecture Software Architecture (Perry & Wolf 92) “Architecture is concerned with the selection of architectural elements, their interactions, and the Software Architecture constraints on those elements and their interactions necessary to provide a framework in which to satisfy the requirements and serve as a basis for the design.” David S. Rosenblum ICS 221 “Design is concerned with the modularization and detailed interfaces of the design elements, their Winter 2001 algorithms and procedures, and the data types needed to support the architecture and to satisfy the requirements.” Software Architecture Software Architecture (Garlan & Shaw 93) (Shaw & Garlan 96) “Software architecture is a level of design that goes “The architecture of a software system defines beyond the algorithms and data structures of the that system in terms of computational computation; designing and specifying the overall components and interactions among those system structure emerges as a new kind of problem. Structural issues include gross organization and components. … In addition to specifying the global control structure; protocols for communication, structure and topology of the system, the synchronization, and data access; assignment of architecture shows the correspondence functionality to design elements; physical between the requirements and elements of distribution; composition of design elements; scaling the constructed system, thereby providing and performance; and selection among design some rationale for the design decisions.” alternatives.” Analogies with Differences Between Civil and Civil Architecture Software Architecture Civil Engineering and Civil Architecture “Software systems are like cathedrals—first we are concerned with the engineering and design of build them and then we pray.” civic structures (roads, buildings, bridges, etc.) — Sam Redwine ! Multiple views ! Civil: Artist renderings, elevations, floor plans, blueprints ! Physical vs. -
Chapter 1 Issues—The Software Crisis
Chapter 1 Issues—The Software Crisis 1. Introduction to Chapter This chapter describes some of the current issues and problems in system development that are caused The term "software crisis" has been used since the by software—software that is late, is over budget, late 1960s to describe those recurring system devel- and/or does not meet the customers' requirements or opment problems in which software development needs. problems cause the entire system to be late, over Software is the set of instructions that govern the budget, not responsive to the user and/or customer actions of a programmable machine. Software includes requirements, and difficult to use, maintain, and application programs, system software, utility soft- enhance. The late Dr. Winston Royce, in his paper ware, and firmware. Software does not include data, Current Problems [1], emphasized this situation when procedures, people, and documentation. In this tuto- he said in 1991: rial, "software" is synonymous with "computer pro- grams." The construction of new software that is both Because software is invisible, it is difficult to be pleasing to the user/buyer and without latent certain of development progress or of product com- errors is an unexpectedly hard problem. It is pleteness and quality. Software is not governed by the perhaps the most difficult problem in engi- physical laws of nature: there is no equivalent of neering today, and has been recognized as such Ohm's Law, which governs the flow of electricity in a for more than 15 years. It is often referred to as circuit; the laws of aerodynamics, which act to keep an the "software crisis". -
Designing Software Architecture to Support Continuous Delivery and Devops: a Systematic Literature Review
Designing Software Architecture to Support Continuous Delivery and DevOps: A Systematic Literature Review Robin Bolscher and Maya Daneva University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Software Architecture, Continuous Delivery, Continuous Integration, DevOps, Deployability, Systematic Literature Review, Micro-services. Abstract: This paper presents a systematic literature review of software architecture approaches that support the implementation of Continuous Delivery (CD) and DevOps. Its goal is to provide an understanding of the state- of-the-art on the topic, which is informative for both researchers and practitioners. We found 17 characteristics of a software architecture that are beneficial for CD and DevOps adoption and identified ten potential software architecture obstacles in adopting CD and DevOps in the case of an existing software system. Moreover, our review indicated that micro-services are a dominant architectural style in this context. Our literature review has some implications: for researchers, it provides a map of the recent research efforts on software architecture in the CD and DevOps domain. For practitioners, it describes a set of software architecture principles that possibly can guide the process of creating or adapting software systems to fit in the CD and DevOps context. 1 INTRODUCTION designing new software architectures tailored for CD and DevOps practices. The practice of releasing software early and often has For clarity, before elaborating on the subject of been increasingly more adopted by software this SLR, we present the definitions of the concepts organizations (Fox et al., 2014) in order to stay that we will address: Software architecture of a competitive in the software market. -
Software Engineering and Ethics: When Code Goes Bad
Software Engineering and Ethics: when code goes bad Once upon a time, estimates for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI or ``Star Wars'') claimed that there would be 30 million lines of code, all bug free. This is at least three orders of magnitude greater than ever has been achieved. ... What have we learned since then? 2017 TSP (MSc CCN) 1 Lecture Plan It is a bad plan that admits of no modification Publilius Syrus •Software Crisis •Ethics •Software Engineering •Software Engineering and Ethics •The root of the problem - computer science boundaries? •When code goes bad - education through classic examples •Proposals for the future 2017 TSP (MSc CCN) 2 Software Crisis Do you recognise this? 3 When everyone is wrong Software Engineering and “Bugs” everyone is right Nivelle de La Chaussee QUESTION: What’s the difference between hardware and software ?… buy some hardware and you get a warranty, buy some software and you get a disclaimer The software crisis: •always late Does this really exist? •always over-budget •always buggy •always hard to maintain •always better the next time round … but never is! This doesn’t seem right … where are our ethics? 2017 TSP (MSc CCN) 4 Is there really a crisis? … To avoid crisis, just hire the best people … look at the advances we have made Success in software development depends most upon the quality of the people involved. There is more software to be developed than there are capable developers to do it. Demand for engineers will continue to outstrip supply for the foreseeable future. Complacency has already set in … some firms acknowledge that many of their engineers make negative contribution. -
Software Engineering (SE) 1
Software Engineering (SE) 1 SE 352 | OBJECT-ORIENTED ENTERPRISE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE ENGINEERING | 4 quarter hours (Undergraduate) (SE) This course focuses on applying object-oriented techniques in the design and development of software systems for enterprise applications. Topics SE 325 | INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING | 4 quarter hours include component architecture, such as Java Beans and Enterprise (Undergraduate) Java Beans, GUI components, such as Swing, database connectivity and This course introduces students to the activities performed at each object repositories, server application integration using technologies stage of the development process so that they can understand the full such as servlets, Java Server Pages, JDBC and RMI, security and lifecycle context of specific tasks such as coding and testing. Topics will internationalization. PREREQUISITE(S): CSC 301. include software development processes, domain modeling, requirements CSC 301 is a prerequisite for this class. elicitation and specification, architectural design and analysis, product SE 356 | SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR MOBILE AND WIRELESS and process level metrics, configuration management, quality assurance SYSTEMS | 4 quarter hours activities including user acceptance testing and unit testing, project (Undergraduate) management skills such as risk analysis, effort estimation, project This course will focus on the unique aspects of developing software release planning, and software engineering ethics. applications for mobile and wireless systems, such as personal digital CSC 301 or CSC 393 is a prerequisite for this class. assistant (PDA) devices and mobile phones. Topics will include user SE 330 | OBJECT ORIENTED MODELING | 4 quarter hours interface design for small screens with restricted input modalities, data (Undergraduate) synchronization for mobile databases as well as wireless programming Object-oriented modeling techniques for analysis and design. -
Arxiv:2105.00534V1 [Cs.SE] 2 May 2021 Solutions
Metadata Interpretation Driven Development J´ulioG.S.F. da Costaa,d, Reinaldo A. Pettac,d, Samuel Xavier-de-Souzaa,b,d, aGraduate Program of Electrical and Computer Engineering bDepartamento de Engenharia de Computa¸c~aoe Automa¸c~ao cDepartamento de Geologia dUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil, 59078-900 Abstract Context: Despite decades of engineering and scientific research efforts, sep- aration of concerns in software development remains not fully achieved. The ultimate goal is to truly allow code reuse without large maintenance and evo- lution costs. The challenge has been to avoid the crosscutting of concerns phe- nomenon, which has no apparent complete solution. Objective: In this paper, we show that business-domain code inscriptions play an even larger role in this challenge than the crosscutting of concerns. We then introduce a new methodology, called Metadata Interpretation Driven Develop- ment (MIDD) that suggests a possible path to realize separation of concerns by removing functional software concerns from the coding phase. Method: We propose a change in the perspective for building software, from being based on object representation at the coding level to being based on ob- ject interpretation, whose definitions are put into layers of representation other than coding. The metadata of the domain data is not implemented at the level of the code. Instead, they are interpreted at run time. Results: As an important consequence, such constructs can be applied across functional requirements, across business domains, with no concerns regarding the need to rewrite or refactor code. We show how this can increase the (re)use of the constructs. -
Composition of Software Architectures Christos Kloukinas
Composition of Software Architectures Christos Kloukinas To cite this version: Christos Kloukinas. Composition of Software Architectures. Computer Science [cs]. Université Rennes 1, 2002. English. tel-00469412 HAL Id: tel-00469412 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469412 Submitted on 1 Apr 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Composition of Software Architectures - Ph.D. Thesis - - Presented in front of the University of Rennes I, France - - English Version - Christos Kloukinas Jury Members : Jean-Pierre Banâtre Jacky Estublier Cliff Jones Valérie Issarny Nicole Lévy Joseph Sifakis February 12, 2002 Résumé Les systèmes informatiques deviennent de plus en plus complexes et doivent offrir un nombre croissant de propriétés non fonctionnelles, comme la fiabi- lité, la disponibilité, la sécurité, etc.. De telles propriétés sont habituellement fournies au moyen d’un intergiciel qui se situe entre le matériel (et le sys- tème d’exploitation) et le niveau applicatif, masquant ainsi les spécificités du système sous-jacent et permettant à des applications d’être utilisées avec dif- férentes infrastructures. Cependant, à mesure que les exigences de propriétés non fonctionnelles augmentent, les architectes système se trouvent confron- tés au cas où aucun intergiciel disponible ne fournit toutes les propriétés non fonctionnelles visées. -
Download Distributed Systems Free Ebook
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Maarten van Steen, Andrew S Tanenbaum | 596 pages | 01 Feb 2017 | Createspace Independent Publishing Platform | 9781543057386 | English | United States Distributed Systems - The Complete Guide The hope is that together, the system can maximize resources and information while preventing failures, as if one system fails, it won't affect the availability of the service. Banker's algorithm Dijkstra's algorithm DJP algorithm Prim's algorithm Dijkstra-Scholten algorithm Dekker's algorithm generalization Smoothsort Shunting-yard algorithm Distributed Systems marking algorithm Concurrent algorithms Distributed Systems algorithms Deadlock prevention algorithms Mutual exclusion algorithms Self-stabilizing Distributed Systems. Learn to code for free. For the first time computers would be able to send messages to other systems with a local IP address. The messages passed between machines contain forms of data that the systems want to share like databases, objects, and Distributed Systems. Also known as distributed computing and distributed databases, a distributed system is a collection of independent components located on different machines that share messages with each other in order to achieve common goals. To prevent infinite loops, running the code requires some amount of Ether. As mentioned in many places, one of which this great articleyou cannot have consistency and availability without partition tolerance. Because it works in batches jobs a problem arises where if your job fails — Distributed Systems need to restart the whole thing. While in a voting system an attacker need only add nodes to the network which is Distributed Systems, as free access to the network is a design targetin a CPU power based scheme an attacker faces a physical limitation: getting access to more and more powerful hardware. -
Introduction to Software Architecture
Introduction to Software Architecture Imed Hammouda Chalmers | University of Gothenburg Who am I? • Associate Professor of Software Engineering, previously in Tampere, Finland • Research interests – Software Architecture, Open Source, Software Ecosystems, Software Development Methods and Tools, Variability Management • Developing and supporting open software architectures • Studying socio-technical dependencies in software development • Software ecosystems • Coordinates: [email protected], [email protected] • Room 416, floor 4, Jupiter building, Campus Lindholmen • Phone +46 31 772 60 40 Introduction to Software Architecture 2 • What is software architecture? • Architectural drivers • Addressing architectural drivers • Architectural views • Example system Introduction to Software Architecture 3 What is Software Architecture? • Software Architecture is the global organization of a software system, including – the division of software into subsystems/components, – policies according to which these subsystems interact, – the definition of their interfaces. T. C. Lethbridge & R. Laganière Introduction to Software Architecture 4 What is Software Architecture? • "The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software components, the externally visible properties of those components, and the relationships among them." Len Bass Introduction to Software Architecture 5 What is Software Architecture? • “fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment -
The Software Architect -And the Software Architecture Team
The Software Architect -and the Software Architecture Team Philippe Kruchten Rational Software, 650 West 41st Avenue #638, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 2M9 Canada pbk@ rational. com Key words: Architecture, architect, team, process Abstract: Much has been written recently about software architecture, how to represent it, and where design fits in the software development process. In this article I will focus on the people who drive this effort: the architect or a team of architects-the software architecture team. Who are they, what special skills do they have, how do they organise themselves, and where do they fit in the project or the organisation? 1. AN ARCHITECT OR AN ARCHITECTURE TEAM In his wonderful book The Mythical Man-Month, Fred Brooks wrote that a challenging project must have one architect and only one. But more recently, he agreed that "Conceptual integrity is the vital property of a software product. It can be achieved by a single builder, or a pair. But that is too slow for big products, which are built by teams."' Others concur: "The greatest architectures are the product of a single mind or, at least, of a very small, carefully structured team."2 More precisely: "Every project should have exactly one identifiable architect, although for larger projects, the principal architect should be backed up by an architecture team of modest size."3 1 Keynote address, ICSE-17, Seattle, April1995 2 Rechtin 1991 , p. 22 3 Booch 1996, p. 196 The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. This has been corrected. The Erratum to this chapter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35563-4 35 P. -
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1543 Edited by G
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1543 Edited by G. Goos, J. Hartmanis and J. van Leeuwen 3 Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Serge Demeyer Jan Bosch (Eds.) Object-Oriented Technology ECOOP ’98 Workshop Reader ECOOP ’98 Workshops, Demos, and Posters Brussels, Belgium, July 20-24, 1998 Proceedings 13 Series Editors Gerhard Goos, Karlsruhe University, Germany Juris Hartmanis, Cornell University, NY, USA Jan van Leeuwen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Volume Editors Serge Demeyer University of Berne Neubruckstr. 10, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Jan Bosch University of Karlskrona/Ronneby, Softcenter S-372 25 Ronneby, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Cataloging-in-Publication data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Object-oriented technology : workshop reader, workshops, demos, and posters / ECOOP ’98, Brussels, Belgium, July 20 - 24, 1998 / Serge Demeyer ; Jan Bosch (ed.). - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer, 1998 (Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 1543) ISBN 3-540-65460-7 CR Subject Classification (1998): D.1-3, H.2, E.3, C.2, K.4.3, K.6 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-65460-7 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. -
Edsger Wybe Dijkstra
In Memoriam Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (1930–2002) Contents 0 Early Years 2 1 Mathematical Center, Amsterdam 3 2 Eindhoven University of Technology 6 3 Burroughs Corporation 8 4 Austin and The University of Texas 9 5 Awards and Honors 12 6 Written Works 13 7 Prophet and Sage 14 8 Some Memorable Quotations 16 Edsger Wybe Dijkstra, Professor Emeritus in the Computer Sciences Department at the University of Texas at Austin, died of cancer on 6 August 2002 at his home in Nuenen, the Netherlands. Dijkstra was a towering figure whose scientific contributions permeate major domains of computer science. He was a thinker, scholar, and teacher in renaissance style: working alone or in a close-knit group on problems of long-term importance, writing down his thoughts with exquisite precision, educating students to appreciate the nature of scientific research, and publicly chastising powerful individuals and institutions when he felt scientific integrity was being compromised for economic or political ends. In the words of Professor Sir Tony Hoare, FRS, delivered by him at Dijkstra’s funeral: Edsger is widely recognized as a man who has thought deeply about many deep questions; and among the deepest questions is that of traditional moral philosophy: How is it that a person should live their life? Edsger found his answer to this question early in his life: He decided he would live as an academic scientist, conducting research into a new branch of science, the science of computing. He would lay the foundations that would establish computing as a rigorous scientific discipline; and in his research and in his teaching and in his writing, he would pursue perfection to the exclusion of all other concerns.