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Shared 13 September, 2019 2019 Nigeria Polio Update

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2019 Nigeria Polio Update Shared 13 September, 2019 Major highlights, as at September 06, 2019 Most recent cVDPV2 by State Jigawa State: Most recent from Kazaure LGA, with date of onset on 13/10/2018 Gombe State: from Baba Roba Valley site, Gombe LGA, collected on 09/04/2018 - Sokoto State: Most recent from a Contact in Wurno LGA with data of collection on 20/06/2019 –Yobe State: Most recent collection from Damaturu Central Ganye Uku, Damatury LGA, on 20/02/2019 –Borno State: Most recent collection from Blind Workshop Bridge in MMC, on 26/06/2019 –Katsina State: Most recent from Zango LGA, with date of collection on 05/11/2018 –Bauchi State: Most recent from Shafi Bridge Site, Bauchi LGA, with date of onset on 18/03/2019 –Kaduna State: Most recent from GADAR BARAU SITE, Ikari LGA with date of onset on 11/12/2018 No. of cVDPV2 aVDPV2 Unclassified VDPV2 SN State No. LGAs Contact+ AFP HC Env Env AFP Contact Env AFP HC & Index+ 1 Bauchi 1 7 3 2 Borno 8 10 4 6 23 3 1 1 3 Gombe 1 1 1 4 Jigawa 6 4 5 8 2 1 5 Kaduna 3 1 3 2 6 Kano 1 0 3 7 Katsina 5 16 36 0 2 8 Sokoto 3 1 1 16 6 3 9 Taraba 1 1 –Taraba State: Most recent from Ardo Kola LGA, with date of onset 02/11/2018 10 Yobe 6 5 1 4 10 1 11 Kwara 5 8 8 18 –Kano State: Most recent collection from Hassan Gwarzo Bridge in Tarauni LGA on 06/03/2019 12 Ogun 1 1 –Kwara State: Most recent collection from Amule Bridge Ita Adu in Ilorin East LGA on 27/06/2019 13 Lagos 4 8 14 Niger 1 1 –Lagos State: Most recent collection from Ijora Canal Center in Apapa LGA on 25/05/2019 15 Adamawa 1 1 –Ogun State: Most recent from AFP case in Imeko Afon LGA with date of onset on 09/03/2019 16 Zamfara 1 1 17 Kebbi 1 1 1 –Niger State: Most recent from AFP case in Mashegu LGA with date of onset on 13/03/2019 18 Kogi 2 3 4 1 19 Osun 1 1 2 –Osun State: Most recent from HC in Irewole LGA with stool collection date on 21/07/2019 20 Oyo 1 – Kogi State: Most recent from AFP in Ibaji LGA with date of onset on 08/08/2019 Total 52 52 5 66 97 19 3 2 6 1 1 Last mOPV2 Round in LGAs with cVDPV2, 2019 2019 Source of Last Last mOPV2 OBR State LGA Last cVDPV2 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul VDPV Round* Bauchi Bauchi 1 1 ES 18-Mar-19 04-May-19 Borno Hawul 1 19-Jan-19 25-May-19 Borno Konduga 3 1 AFP 20-Jun-19 25-May-19 Borno Maiduguri 7 5 3 1 2 ES 25-Jun-19 25-May-19 Borno Mobbar 1 1 25-Feb-19 25-May-19 Kano Tarauni 1 1 ES 06-Mar-19 25-May-19 Kogi Ankpa 1 1 Health Children 22-Jul-19 Kogi Ibaji 1 3 Healthy Children 24-Jul-19 Kwara BARUTEN 1 1 1 1 AFP 14-Jun-19 27-Jul-19 Kwara Ilorin East 2 2 3 1 1 ES 13-Jul-19 27-Jul-19 Kwara Ilorin South 1 2 1 ES 10-May-19 27-Jul-19 Kwara Ilorin West 2 2 2 1 ES 13-Jun-19 27-Jul-19 Kwara Kaiama 1 AFP 07-Feb-19 25-May-19 Lagos Lagos Main Land 1 ES 10-May-19 15-Jun-19 Lagos Muschin 1 ES 08-Jan-19 15-Jun-19 Lagos Ajeromi/Ifelodun 1 1 1 1 ES 10-May-19 15-Jun-19 Lagos Apapa 1 ES 25-May-19 15-Jun-19 Niger Mashegu 1 AFP 18-Mar-19 25-May-19 Ogun Imeko Afon 1 AFP 09-Mar-19 15-Jun-19 Osun Irewole 1 2 AFP 09-Jun-19 15-Jun-19 Sokoto Sokoto North 1 1 ES 25-Jun-19 20-Jul-19 Sokoto Sokoto South ES 10-Apr-19 20-Jul-19 Sokoto Wurno 1 1 Contact 20-Jun-19 20-Jul-19 Yobe Damaturu 1 1 AFP Case 20-Feb-19 25-May-19 3 Total 13 14 14 8 11 11 7 Last mOPV2 Round Distribution of 2018/19 cVDPV2 Vs mOPV2/fIPV campaign, NEZ 2018 2019 State LGA cVDPV2 aVDPV2/ VDPV2 Wk 15 Wk Wk 16 Wk Wk 17 Wk Wk 18 Wk Wk 19 Wk Wk 20 Wk Wk 21 Wk Wk 22 Wk Wk 23 Wk Wk 24 Wk Wk 25 Wk Wk 26 Wk Wk 27 Wk Wk 28 Wk Wk 29 Wk Wk 30 Wk Wk 31 Wk Wk 32 Wk Wk 33 Wk Wk 34 Wk Wk 35 Wk Wk 36 Wk Wk 37 Wk Wk 38 Wk Wk 39 Wk Wk 40 Wk Wk 41 Wk Wk 42 Wk Wk 43 Wk Wk 44 Wk Wk 45 Wk Wk 46 Wk Wk 47 Wk Wk 48 Wk Wk 49 Wk Wk 50 Wk Wk 51 Wk Wk 52 Wk Wk01 Wk02 Wk03 Wk04 Wk05 Wk06 Wk07 Wk08 Wk09 Wk10 Wk11 Wk12 Wk13 Wk14 Wk15 Wk16 Wk17 Wk18 Wk19 Wk20 Wk21 Wk 22 Wk Wk 23 Wk Wk 24 Wk Wk 25 Wk Wk 26 Wk Wk 27 Wk Wk 28 Wk Wk 29 Wk Wk 30 Wk Wk 31 Wk Wk 32 Wk Wk 33 Wk Wk 34 Wk Wk 35 Wk Wk 36 Wk Demsa 1 0 1 Adamawa 1 0 1 Bauchi 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 7 3 Bauchi 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 7 3 Bama 1 1 0 2 Hawul 1 1 0 Konduga 1 1 1 1 4 Mafa 1 1 2 Magumeri 1 1 Borno Maiduguri 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 23 3 Mobar 1 1 2 0 Monguno 1 4 5 Nganzai 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 0 1 1 0 2 4 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 43 5 Gombe 1 1 1 1 Gombe 1 1 1 1 Ardo Kola 1 1 Taraba 1 1 0 Damaturu 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 0 Geidam 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 8 Gujba 1 1 Yobe Nguru 1 1 Potiskum 1 0 1 Tarmua 1 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 1 Total 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 4 1 1 3 3 3 0 1 2 4 6 4 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 5 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 11 Implemented mOPV2 Campaign Distribution of 2018/19 cVDPV2 Vs mOPV2/fIPV campaign, NWZ 2018 2019 State LGA cVDPV2 aVDPV2/ VDPV2 Wk 01 Wk 02 Wk 03 Wk 04 Wk 05 Wk 06 Wk 07 Wk 08 Wk 09 Wk 10 Wk 11 Wk 12 Wk 13 Wk 14 Wk 15 Wk 16 Wk 17 Wk 18 Wk 19 Wk 20 Wk 21 Wk 22 Wk 23 Wk 24 Wk 25 Wk 26 Wk 27 Wk 28 Wk 29 Wk 30 Wk 31 Wk 32 Wk 33 Wk 34 Wk 35 Wk 36 Wk 37 Wk 38 Wk 39 Wk 40 Wk 41 Wk 42 Wk 43 Wk 44 Wk 45 Wk 46 Wk 47 Wk 48 Wk 49 Wk 50 Wk 51 Wk 52 Wk Wk01 Wk02 Wk03 Wk04 Wk05 Wk06 Wk07 Wk08 Wk09 Wk10 Wk11 Wk12 Wk13 Wk14 Wk15 Wk16 Wk17 Wk18 Wk19 Wk20 Wk21 22 Wk 23 Wk 24 Wk 25 Wk 26 Wk 27 Wk 28 Wk 29 Wk 30 Wk 31 Wk 32 Wk 33 Wk 34 Wk 35 Wk 36 Wk Hadejia 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 6 2 Kafun Hausa 1 1 Kaugama 1 1 Jigawa Kazaure 1 1 Malam Maduri 1 3 1 4 1 Miga 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 17 3 Ikara 1 1 Sabon Gari 1 1 Kaduna Zaria 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 Tarauni 1 1 1 3 Kano 1 1 1 3 0 Baure 1 2 7 6 1 1 1 19 Daura 1 2 1 9 6 19 Katsina 1 1 0 2 Katsina Sandamu 1 2 3 Zango 1 1 8 1 11 1 1 2 7 7 2 2 1 9 12 7 1 1 1 52 2 Sokoto North 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 14 5 Sokoto South 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 Sokoto Wurno 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 18 9 Talata-mafara 1 0 1 Zamfara 1 0 1 Gwandu 1 1 0 2 Kebbi 1 1 0 2 Total 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 3 1 3 0 1 1 4 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 7 10 2 0 3 1 9 13 9 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 94 19 cVDPV2 from AFP cVDPV2 from ES cVDPV2 from HC * cVDPV2 from ES + HC * cVDPV2 from AFP + HC cVDPV2 from AFP + ES VDPV2 from AFP aVDPV2/VDPV2 from other mOPV2 Round RI Intensification+fIPV RI Intensification + IPV * VDPV2 from AFP + mOPV2 Round * cVDPV2 from AFP + mOPV2 Rund * cVDPV2 from HC + fIPV * cVDPV2 from ES + mOPV2 Round * cVDPV2 from AFP + HC and mOPV2 Round * cVDPV2 from ES + VDPV2 Implemented mOPV2 Campaign Distribution of 2018/19 cVDPV2 Vs mOPV2/fIPV campaign, NCZ & SWZ 2018 2019 State LGA cVDPV2 aVDPV2/ VDPV2 Wk 15 Wk 16 Wk 17 Wk 18 Wk 19 Wk 20 Wk 21 Wk 22 Wk 23 Wk 24 Wk 25 Wk 26 Wk 27 Wk 28 Wk 29 Wk 30 Wk 31 Wk 32 Wk 33 Wk 34 Wk 35 Wk 36 Wk 37 Wk 38 Wk 39 Wk 40 Wk 41 Wk 42 Wk 43 Wk 44 Wk 45 Wk 46 Wk 47 Wk 48 Wk 49 Wk 50 Wk 51 Wk 52 Wk Wk01 Wk02 Wk03 Wk04 Wk05 Wk06 Wk07 Wk08 Wk09 Wk10 Wk11 Wk12 Wk13 Wk14 Wk15 Wk16 Wk17 Wk18 Wk19 Wk20 Wk21 Wk22 Wk23 Wk24 Wk25 Wk26 Wk27 Wk28 Wk29 Wk30 Wk31 Wk32 Wk33 Wk34 Wk35 Wk36 BARUTEN 1 8 1 1 1 1 13 Ilorin East 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 Ilorin South 1 1 1 1 4 Kwara Ilorin West 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 Kaiama 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 3 2 0 0 2 1 1 34 0 Lagos Main Land 1 1 1 1 1 5 Ajeromi/Ifelodun 1 1 Lagos Muschin 1 1 Apapa 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 0 Maghesu 1 1 Niger 1 1 0 Imeko Afon 1 1 Ogun 1 1 0 Irewole 1 2 3 Osun 1 2 3 0 1 0 1 Oyo 1 1 Ankpa 1 1 2 Dekina 1 1 Kogi Ibaji 1 3 1 5 1 2 4 1 7 1 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 8 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 2 4 0 4 0 3 0 3 4 2 0 1 3 2 1 0 1 2 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 54 2 cVDPV2 from AFP cVDPV2 from ES cVDPV2 from HC * cVDPV2 from ES + HC * cVDPV2 from AFP + HC cVDPV2 from AFP + ES cVDPV2 from Contact with + Index VDPV2 from AFP aVDPV2/VDPV2 from other mOPV2 Round RI Intensification+fIPV RI Intensification + IPV * VDPV2 from AFP + mOPV2 Round * cVDPV2 from AFP + mOPV2 Rund * cVDPV2 from HC + fIPV * cVDPV2 from ES + mOPV2 Round * cVDPV2 from AFP + HC and mOPV2 Round * cVDPV2 from ES + VDPV2 Implemented mOPV2 Campaign Planned mOPV2 Campaign New Emergence of VDPV2 in 2019, Nigeria, as at 06 September 2019 New Emergence: Unclassified VDPV2 in 2019 from Humans (AFP/contact/HC) Date of onset of # of Nucleotide # of mOPV2 Rounds Date of last mOPV2 SN State LGA Date of stool collection EPID Number Virus type paralysis changes in 2018/19 Round in LGA 1 Borno Bama 12&13/07/2019 NIE-BOS-BAM-19-023 08/06/2019 Unclassified VDPV2 6nt 4 25-May-19 2 Borno Bama 08/08/2019 NIE-BOS-BAM-19-023HC-001 Unclassified VDPV2 6nt 4 25-May-19 3 Sokoto Rabah 03/08/2019 NIE-SOS-RBA-19-007C3 Unclassified VDPV2 7nt 4 25-May-19 New Emergence: Unclassified VDPV2 in 2019 from the environment # of Nucleotide # of mOPV2 Rounds Date of last mOPV2 SN State LGA ES collection site name EPID Number Date collected Virus type changes in LGA Round in LGA 4 Sokoto Sokoto North Runbukawa Bridge 2 ENV-NIE-SOS-SKK-RBW-19-013 24/6/2019 Unclassified VDPV2 6nt 4 20-Jul-19 5 Sokoto Sokoto North Runbukawa Bridge 2 ENV-NIE-SOS-SKK-KKR-19-013 25/6/2019 Unclassified VDPV2 6-7nt 4 20-Jul-19 6 Sokoto Sokoto North Kofar Dundaye ENV-NIE-SOS-SKK-KDD-19-015 31/07/2019 Unclassified VDPV2 6 – 7 nt 4 20-Jul-19 6-7nt 7 Jigawa Hadejia MAI LOLO GABARI ENV-NIE-JIS-HJA-MLG-19-014 01/07/2019 Unclassified VDPV2 4 13-Apr-19 Gombe Gombe 8 Baba Roba Valley ENV-NIE-GMS-GME-BRV-19-014 07/09/2019 Unclassified VDPV2 6nt 3 04-May-19 Unclassified VDPV2 15-Jun-19 9 Oyo IBADAN NORTH MOKOLA BRIDGE SITE ENV-NIE-OYS-BDJ-MBS-19-006 14/08/2019 6nt 2 Activities conducted after the notification of cVDPV2 from ES & AFP cases OBR/Campaign Dates # States/ LGAs children vaccinated Type % LGAs with >=90% LQAS Remark cVDPV2 OBR st 1 cVDPV2 OBR 10 – 13 May 2018 4/54 3.6 mln mOPV2 84% Bauchi, Gombe, Jigawa, 2nd cVDPV2 OBR 26 – 29 May 2018 4/54 3.6 mln mOPV2 83% Sokoto Imm.
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    ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal) Visit: www.ijirset.com Vol. 7, Issue 7, July 2018 Structural Interpretation of Northern Sokoto Basin, Using Airborne Magnetic Data Ibe Stephen O.1, Uche Iduma2 Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria1 Geophysicist, Nigerian Geological Survey Agency Abuja, Nigeria 2 ABSTRACT: Analysis of high resolution aeromagnetic data was carried out to evaluate the structural complexity of Sokoto Basin, Northern Nigeria. The total magnetic intensity data covering the basin were processed and filtered using First vertical derivative (FVD) and Horizontal gradient (HG) filters. The FVD and HG were computed to enhance faults, fractures and folds. Ten major fault systems were defined trending majorly in the NE-SW direction with minor NW-SE trends. The lineament of the area was extracted and plotted to define the major trends of both major and minor structures. The lineament map and corresponding rose plot show a dominate NE-SW trend with minor NW-SE, EW and NS structures within the study area. The structural complexity was computed using the lineament map. The lineament density map shows that the eastern part of Gwadebawa, Jiga Birne, Jega, Wamako, Sokoto, Raka, Gayawa, Manu, Giden Madi, Matona, Talata Mafara, Moriki, Gada, Dakko and Baban Baki are intensely deformed. Kuka, Birnin Kebbi, Kaingwa, Binji, Satuka, Tureta, Rabah, Isa, Sabon Birni and eastern part of Raka are moderately deformed; and Satuka, Arbkwe, Bui, Kuka, Botawa, Binji, Sabon Birni, southern part of Tureta and eastern part of Manu are less deformation.
  • KOGI STATE GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION 2019 Brief

    KOGI STATE GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION 2019 Brief

    KOGI STATE GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION 2019 Brief 1 BACKGROUND The Kogi State Governorship election is scheduled to take place on Saturday, November 16, 2019. The election will be taking place simultaneously with the governorship elections in Bayelsa State. These governorship elections would be the first elections to be conducted by INEC post-2019 general elections. Kogi State, with a land area of 29,833 square kilometres, was carved out of Kwara and Benue states on August 27, 1991. Kogi is one of the states in the north-central zone of Nigeria. It is popularly called the confluence state due to the fact that the confluence of Rivers Niger and Benue occur there. There are three main ethnic groups in the state namely Igala, Ebira, and Okun; with the Igalas being the largest ethnic group. Lokoja is the state capital. Kogi State, with a population of 3,314,043 according to 2006 census, is the most centrally located of all the states of the federation. It shares common boundaries with Niger, Kwara and Nasarawa states as well as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) to the north Benue and Enugu states to the East; Enugu and Anambra states to the south; and to the west by Ondo, Ekiti and Edo states. PRESENT DAY GOVERNMENT OF KOGI STATE The present Governor of Kogi is Alhaji Yahaya Bello and the Deputy Governor of the State is Edward Onoja (his former Chief of Staff), who was sworn into office in October 2019 fpllpowing the controversial impeachment of the former Deputy Governor, Simon Achuba. On 5th December 2015, Governor Yahaya Bello was declared the elected Governor of the State after a supplementary election was held to conclude the inconclusive election of Saturday, 22nd November 2015.
  • North-East Nigeria January 2021

    North-East Nigeria January 2021

    OPERATIONAL UPDATE North-East Nigeria January 2021 Over 6,100 men, women and UNHCR’s protection, human rights and UNHCR and partners raised children were newly border monitoring teams reached nearly awareness about COVID-19 and displaced in Borno, 33,000 internally displaced people and protection among over 22,000 Adamawa and Yobe States refugee returnees in Borno, Adamawa and people in the BAY States in in January. Yobe (BAY) States. January 2021. A UNHCR protection partner colleague conducts a rapid protection assessment with internally displaced people in Bama, Borno State. © UNHCR/Daniel Bisu www.unhcr.or g 1 NORTH-EAST NIGERIA OPERATIONAL UPDATE JANUARY 2021 Operational Highlights ■ The security situation in the North-East remains unpredictable. The operational area continues to be impacted by the ongoing violent conflict, terrorism, and criminal activities, which have resulted in the displacement, killing and abduction of civilians as well as the destruction of properties and critical infrastructure. The second wave of COVID-19 also continues to exacerbate the already worsening situation. A total of 43 security incidents perpetrated by NSAG in the BAY States comprised of attacks on civilians, improvised explosive devices, and attacks on security forces. ■ In Borno State, members of the non-State armed groups (NSAGs) continued their attacks on both civilian and military targets, attempted to overrun of villages and towns and mounted illegal vehicle checkpoints for the purpose of abduction, looting and robbery. The main supply routes Maiduguri- Gubio, Maiduguri-Mafa and Mungono-Ngala in the Northern axis were most severely hit. The situation along the Maiduguri-Damaturu road, a main supply route, worsened further in January, forcing the reclassification of the route from the hitherto “Restricted” to “No go” for humanitarian staff and cargo.
  • Characteristics of Concrete Made with Gravel from Selected Mining Sites in Osun State, South-Western

    Characteristics of Concrete Made with Gravel from Selected Mining Sites in Osun State, South-Western

    DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.26808/rs.st.i8v3.02 International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 8 volume 3 May-June 2018 Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954 Characteristics of Concrete made with Gravel from Selected Mining Sites in Osun State, South-Western. Nigeria 1J.A Ige and 2S.O. Ajamu 1,2Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso Correspondence e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Granite is an essential constituent material in concrete production as its inadequate quantity has led to massive application of gravel in construction works. Locally sourced gravels are characterized with impurities which affect the quality of the concrete. Therefore, this study investigated the quality of locally-sourced gravel across Osun State. Gravel samples were obtained from the borrowed pits across the three Senatorial Districts viz Osun West (OSW); Osun Central (OSC); and Osun East (OSE) of the State. The locations are: OSW [Irewole (IRW: 07030’N 04020’E), Egbedore (EGBE: 07040’N 04030’E), Ede North (EDE: 07040’N 04030’E)]; OSC [Ifelodun (IFD: 07055’N 04041’E), Osogbo (OSO: 7046’N 4034’E), Olorunda (OLO: 7046’N 4034’E)] ; and OSE [Ilesa West (ILS: 700N 500E), Ife Central (IFE: 70050’N 4069’E), Ife East (IFEE: 70050’N 4069’E)]. Physical examination in accordance with BS 882, Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) test, and sieve analysis were carried out on the gravel samples. Concrete cubes were cast, subjected to Slump, Compressive strength and compared with BS 812 Standard. Physical examination shows samples having dry, dark, and brownish gravelly irregular shapes for OSW and OSC while they were predominantly reddish, gravelly irregular shapes for OSE.