Change and Continuity: 100 Years of Statehood

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Change and Continuity: 100 Years of Statehood THE JOURNAL OF THE HELEN SUZMAN FOUNDATION ISSUE 57 • MAY 2010 O CUS F The Polity and CHANGE AND the Market: 100 years of struggle CONTINUITY: Jesmond Blumenfeld A Century of 100 YEARS OF the Press STATEHOOD Raymond Louw Ben Makhoswze Magubane Fixing the past: RW Johnson, John Higginson, Constitutional Ivor Chipkin Challenges Amanda Reichman Beyond Patriarchy Land, Liberty and and Militarisation Compromise Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge Merle Lipton On South African Reviews: Leon Louw, Na-iem Dollie, Identity Antoinette Handley, Ann Charles Simkins Bernstein, Anthony Egan, helen.suzman.foundation promoting liberal constitutional democracy Director and Editor-in-Chief Francis Antonie Principal Sub-editor Rachel Browne Sub-editors Kate Francis Timothy Kenny Editorial Advisory Board Wendy Appelbaum, Gillian Godsell, William Gumede, Raymond Louw, Howard Preece, Lawrence Schlemmer, Sipho Seepe, Mary Slack, Alfred Stadler and Richard Steyn Board of Trustees Hylton Appelbaum, Wendy Appelbaum, Doug Band, Colin Eglin, Jane Evans, Nicole Jaff, Patricia de Lille, Temba Nolutshungu, Modise Phekonyane, Gary Ralfe, Sipho Seepe, Mary Slack, Richard Steyn, David Unterhalter Design & Layout Alison Parkinson Printing: Colorpress (Pty) Ltd Focus is published by The Helen Suzman Foundation, Postnet Suite 130 Private Bag X2600 Houghton, 2041 Block A Anerley Office Park 7 Anerley Road Parktown, 2193 Email: [email protected] Website: www.hsf.org.za ISSN 1680-9822 The publication of Focus is made possible through generous funding provided by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Liberty CONTENTS Editorial: Francis Antonie 2 From Union to a Democratic South Africa: Change and Continuity? — Bernard Makhoswze Magubane 5 1910 and All That — RW Johnson 9 The Past Meets the Present: Picking the Eyes Out of The Country — John Higginson 15 Recalling 1910: A bridge too far — Ivor Chipkin 23 Beyond Patriarchy and Militarisation — Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge 26 Reflections on a 100 years of struggle between the polity and the market in South Africa — Jesmond Blumenfeld 32 Reflections on a Century of the Press — Raymond Louw 47 Fixing the Past: Constitutional Challenges — Amanda Reichmann 54 On South African Identity — Charles Simkins 64 Land, Liberation and Compromise in southern Africa — Merle Lipton 70 REVIEW FORUM Ann Bernstein: The Case for Business in Developing Economies • Leon Louw – The Real Agenda 76 • Na-iem Dollie – In the Service of Capital and Ayn Rand 78 • Antoinette Handley – Elusive Truths 81 Right of Reply: Ann Bernstein 84 David Welsh: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid • Anthony Egan – Beyond a Manichean View of South Africa’s Struggle 86 OBITUARY • Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert 89 • Sheena Duncan 91 • Count Otto Lambsdorff 92 The views expressed in the articles are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Helen Suzman Foundation. 1 EDITORIAL This edition of Focus is dedicated to a series of reflections about 100 years of statehood in South Africa. In my invitation to contributors, I pointed out that the political events which led to Union are well documented and widely known; so was the deliberate marginalisation of the majority of South Africans during the deliberations that led to the establishment of Union in 1910. Indeed, it was this marginalisation which led to the formation of the ANC in 1912, and it was only after some 84 years after the foundation of the state, that a constitutional and political ‘normalisation’ and legitimacy were achieved. In 1910, the hope for a non-racial franchise (insofar as the Cape vote was formally colourblind) glimmered weakly. By 1936 African males were removed from the common voters’ Francis Antonie role and, 20 years later, Coloured males in the Cape were also removed. After that, is the Director of it would take a long generation, some 38 years, for the emergence of a universal democracy which would finally bring to realisation the liberal hopes of 1910. the Helen Suzman Foundation. The inauguration of Union on the 31 May 1910 was a muted affair given the death of King Edward VII earlier in the month. Nevertheless, there was a cautious optimism that the subcontinent could ‘move on’ from the legacy of the bitter imperial war which had only been concluded eight years earlier. The issue of ‘race’ – not as we think of it today – featured prominently in thinking at the time. As the South African Union Souvenir (1910) put it: “One great lesson stands out from the record; union was only realised at last, and could only be realised by the cordial and honest co-operation of both races, and only by the same spirit can its success be assured. The immense responsibility for making it a success rests upon the people themselves, and it will be the earnest hope of all who love this great country and who realise its marvelous possibilities, that this responsibility will be faithfully and solemnly recognised.” The ‘races’, here, were Boer and Brit – Blacks simply didn’t exist in this world view. Ben Magubane reminds us, trenchantly, just what this ‘marginalisation’ entailed, and why we should still consider our transition to be a work in progress. One of the striking features of current reflections on the South African state and society is how change and continuity are intimately and, perhaps, inevitably linked. Reviewing this history is important, especially insofar as it may help us to understand the immediate and long-term challenges that South Africa currently faces. Jesmond Blumenfeld’s thought-provoking reflections of 100 years of economic development and growth capture succinctly the theme of change and continuity in the struggle between the polity and market in South Africa. His observation - that the first 60 years of Union were, by conventional standards, relatively prosperous, but that the ensuing 30 years, until the millennium, brought almost unremitting decline – brings into stark relief the challenges which contemporary South Africa faces. His conclusion – that the historic struggle between the (broadly liberating) market forces and the (broadly stifling) hand of the polity appears to be continuing – is, as he puts it, ‘a matter of grave concern’. What makes his conclusion so startling is that there is nothing ‘inevitable’ about the policy options which we have chosen in our endeavours to achieve greater growth, reduce joblessness and create a more just and equitable society. Commemorating the occasion of 100 years of statehood is thus also an opportunity for taking stock and reviewing not only where we have come from, but also where we are trying to get to, and how we are to get there. But there are other reasons for remembering this centenary. 2 IDENTITY Bill Johnson argues that, in a sense, South Africans should be the case is still not clear. Chipkin may be celebrate 1910 every day because they are glad to live right in his interpretation of Pallo Jordan’s 1997 paper in a united country: in effect, we are the beneficiaries of on Affirmative action, corrective measures and the that act of Union. But he points to two ‘great matters’ Freedom Charter - that national unity would be delayed which still loom over us, namely, our relations with our as long as racism continues to be institutionalised; but immediate neighbours, and the federal impulse which the forging of a national identity presupposes that there was so thwarted in 1910. He sketches an alternate really isn’t a current one. federal history which is both alluring and persuasive, I suspect that Charles Simkins, in his discussion on especially his claim that the new democratic settlement South African identity would disagree. For Simkins, would be better guaranteed under federalism. identity, like patina, both individuates and embodies the conditions of survival. By this account, South Africans have an identity, and he cautions about the often …that no society can surely be flourishing “frantic and highly normative debates of the moment and happy, of which the far greater part of about identity”. He suggests that disappointment and anxiety drives these debates, and his counsel to us the members are poor and miserable — is - to imagine just how incoherent the South African a timely reminder of the immediate and project was at Union - is wise. He concludes his essay on Identity by suggesting four policy options which are long-term challenges South Africa faces. currently available to government. This is indeed sober territory. In his speech on his Budget Vote earlier this month, the John Higginson’s overview of South Africa’s “past President touched on this question of identity-through- meeting its present” weaves a narrative which takes belonging when he quoted Chief Albert Luthuli, who in historical dispossession and revolt – both black had declared more than half a century ago that: and white and, as with Magubane and Johnson, he argues that the new South Africa is still in the “(there) is a growing number of people who are coming making. Skills transfers, infrastructural development to accept the fact that in South Africa we are a multi and improved delivery of public services are central racial communality – whether we like it or not. I am to a national project of (re)construction. Higginson’s not prepared to concern myself with such questions quote from Adam Smith – that no society can surely as: ‘Where have you come from?’, ‘Do you come from be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part the North?’, or ‘Did you come from Europe?’ It is not of the members are poor and miserable – is a timely important. What is important for our situation is that reminder of the immediate and long-term challenges we are all here. That we cannot change. We are all South Africa faces. here and no one desires to change it or should desire to change it”. A curious feature of this year, which has as its focus the World Cup celebrations of 2010, is just The President went on to add that the acceptance of how uncommemorated this 100 year milestone of common citizenship and equal claim to this country is statehood has been.
Recommended publications
  • The Suppression of Communism, the Dutch Reformed Church, and the Instrumentality of Fear During Apartheid
    THE SUPPRESSION OF COMMUNISM, THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, AND THE INSTRUMENTALITY OF FEAR DURING APARTHEID. SAMUEL LONGFORD: 3419365 SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR PARTICIA HAYES i A mini-thesis submitted for the degree of MA in History University of the Western Cape November 2016. Supervisor: Professor Patricia Hayes DECLARATION I declare that The Suppression of Communism, the Dutch Reformed Church, and the Instrumentality of Fear during apartheid is my own work and has not been submitted for any degree or examination in any other university. All the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references. NAME: Samuel Longford: 3419365 DATE: 11/11/2016. Signed: ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This mini-thesis has been carried out in concurrence with a M.A. Fellowship at the Centre for Humanities Research (CHR), University of the Western Cape (UWC). I acknowledge and thank the CHR for providing the funding that made this research possible. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the CHR. Great thanks and acknowledgement also goes to my supervisor, Prof Patricia Hayes, who guided me through the complicated issues surrounding this subject matter, my partner Charlene, who put up with the late nights and uneventful weekends, and various others who contributed to the workings and re-workings of this mini-thesis. iii The experience of what we have of our lives from within, the story that we tell ourselves about ourselves in order to account for what we are doing, is fundamentally a lie – the truth lies outside, in what we do.1 1 Slavoj Zizek¸ Violence: Six Sideways Reflections (London: Profile Books, 2008): 40.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutional Authority and Its Limitations: the Politics of Sexuality in South Africa
    South Africa Constitutional Authority and its Limitations: The Politics of Sexuality in South Africa Belinda Beresford Helen Schneider Robert Sember Vagner Almeida “While the newly enfranchised have much to gain by supporting their government, they also have much to lose.” Adebe Zegeye (2001) A history of the future: Constitutional rights South Africa’s Constitutional Court is housed in an architecturally innovative complex on Constitution Hill, a 100-acre site in central Johannesburg. The site is adjacent to Hillbrow, a neighborhood of high-rise apartment buildings into which are crowded thousands of mi- grants from across the country and the continent. This is one of the country’s most densely populated, cosmopolitan and severely blighted urban areas. From its position atop Constitu- tion Hill, the Court offers views of Hillbrow’s high-rises and the distant northern suburbs where the established white elite and increasing numbers of newly affluent non-white South Africans live. Thus, while the light-filled, colorful and contemporary Constitutional Court buildings reflect the progressive and optimistic vision of post-apartheid South Africa the lo- cation is a reminder of the deeply entrenched inequalities that continue to define the rights of the majority of people in the country and the continent. CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY AND ITS LIMITATIONS: THE POLITICS OF SEXUALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA 197 From the late 1800s to 1983 Constitution Hill was the location of Johannesburg’s central prison, the remains of which now lie in the shadow of the new court buildings. Former prison buildings include a fort built by the Boers (descendents of Dutch settlers) in the late 1800s to defend themselves against the thousands of men and women who arrived following the discovery of the area’s expansive gold deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL A/582R/Add,.L* to Deeenber IP54 a S S E M B LY ORTGIML: XNGI-,ISH
    O NS UN NAT' Dlstr. 'IFD GE{ENAIJ GENERAL A/582r/Add,.L* tO Deeenber IP54 A S S E M B LY ORTGIML: XNGI-,ISH Nineteenth seesion REPOIT OF T1IE SPECIAL COMMITNBE ON AHE POIJCIES OF AIARTHE]D OF THE GOIIER}X'4UIT OF THE RTPUSTIC OF SOUTH AFRTCA*I+ ADDENDUM Repregsive measures agal-nst oppoqgnts of the po].lcles of alartheld Egpgrtegll ldr. Ram c. IIALII0TRA (ivepal ) * A].so lssued. as S /6o711Add..L. t+t+ Iten tL of the pf,orrlsional agenda. -2- corsls{Ts Paragraphs Ptge r.. Tl\mrF)nNmmr.\nr 1-40 4 II. IRTAIS AND CON\IICTIONS OF OPPONENTS OF APASTHETD . t+r - 236 r5 1. The trlat of l"b. NeLson l,land.ela. t.l Ivlr. Wa].ter Slsul-u and otlers (tne . Rtvonla trlal ) q2-oq l-u 2" The Cale [orar sabotage tTlal. of + Dx. ALexand.er and. otherg 96 - rot+ ,o 3. PietennarLtzburg sabotage tr1el of, 141'. BiILy Nair and othbrs . 105 - Ito Z1 4. Porb Alf"ed sabotage.case of . Yrr. I,{lni and. others . rrL - LL8 1t 5. Sabotage trlaLs ln eueenstolo: of Songco Itr. abd others ]-L9 - 129 17 6. [ria1 of aLleged supporters of African . NatlonaL Congress ln Cape Tom Llo * Lfr "A 7. PretorLa Eabotage trla]. of IvIr. I4ashaba. a!d. others lqo - 1(4 40 Johannesburg eabotage trlal of lfr..Sehoon . and othexs ,. ,. ,. .. t 41 9. Trla]. of lvb. Joha Harris 164 - 18, \3 10. Cape To,wn oabotage trlal of Mr. Ed.uard. Joseph Darie] t,t s and. othepe, , ,. .. .. 184 - 202 rl IL.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kairos Document and Its Pedagogical Implications
    HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 7 Original Research Re-examining a theology of reconciliation: What we learn from the Kairos Document and its pedagogical implications Author: This contribution is derived from a more extensive 2018 PhD study in which the contested 1 Demaine J. Solomons nature of the discourses on reconciliation is explored. It provides a conceptual analysis of how Affiliation: reconciliation is understood in the Kairos Document (1985). Regarded as an outstanding 1Department of Religion and example of a theological response to the problem of apartheid, what is often overlooked is the Theology, Faculty of Arts, tension implicit in its approach which, in turn, has serious implications for how matters of University of the Western social justice are understood and acted upon. Here, the need for political, economic and Cape, Cape Town, South Africa cultural liberation is emphasised. It is assumed that social justice can only follow upon liberation, and that reconciliation is only possible on the basis of following justice. In this Corresponding author: contribution, I contend that those who take this approach are confronted with the danger of Demaine J. Solomons, self-secularisation, of reducing the Christian confession to nothing more than an example of [email protected] religious affiliation that may be tolerated as long as its particular claims are not foregrounded. Dates: The obvious danger, as may be the case with the Kairos Document, is one of being socially Received: 10 Oct. 2019 relevant without having anything distinct to offer. This, in turn, has serious implications for Accepted: 12 Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • Malibongwe Let Us Praise the Women Portraits by Gisele Wulfsohn
    Malibongwe Let us praise the women Portraits by Gisele Wulfsohn In 1990, inspired by major political changes in our country, I decided to embark on a long-term photographic project – black and white portraits of some of the South African women who had contributed to this process. In a country previously dominated by men in power, it seemed to me that the tireless dedication and hard work of our mothers, grandmothers, sisters and daughters needed to be highlighted. I did not only want to include more visible women, but also those who silently worked so hard to make it possible for change to happen. Due to lack of funding and time constraints, including raising my twin boys and more recently being diagnosed with cancer, the portraits have been taken intermittently. Many of the women photographed in exile have now returned to South Africa and a few have passed on. While the project is not yet complete, this selection of mainly high profile women represents a history and inspiration to us all. These were not only tireless activists, but daughters, mothers, wives and friends. Gisele Wulfsohn 2006 ADELAIDE TAMBO 1929 – 2007 Adelaide Frances Tsukudu was born in 1929. She was 10 years old when she had her first brush with apartheid and politics. A police officer in Top Location in Vereenigng had been killed. Adelaide’s 82-year-old grandfather was amongst those arrested. As the men were led to the town square, the old man collapsed. Adelaide sat with him until he came round and witnessed the young policeman calling her beloved grandfather “boy”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Sash
    THE BLACK SASH THE BLACK SASH MINUTES OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE 1990 CONTENTS: Minutes Appendix Appendix 4. Appendix A - Register B - Resolutions, Statements and Proposals C - Miscellaneous issued by the National Executive 5 Long Street Mowbray 7700 MINUTES OF THE BLACK SASH NATIONAL CONFERENCE 1990 - GRAHAMSTOWN SESSION 1: FRIDAY 2 MARCH 1990 14:00 - 16:00 (ROSEMARY VAN WYK SMITH IN THE CHAIR) I. The National President, Mary Burton, welcomed everyone present. 1.2 The Dedication was read by Val Letcher of Albany 1.3 Rosemary van wyk Smith, a National Vice President, took the chair and called upon the conference to observe a minute's silence in memory of all those who have died in police custody and in detention. She also asked the conference to remember Moira Henderson and Netty Davidoff, who were among the first members of the Black Sash and who had both died during 1989. 1.4 Rosemary van wyk Smith welcomed everyone to Grahamstown and expressed the conference's regrets that Ann Colvin and Jillian Nicholson were unable to be present because of illness and that Audrey Coleman was unable to come. All members of conference were asked to introduce themselves and a roll call was held. (See Appendix A - Register for attendance list.) 1.5 Messages had been received from Errol Moorcroft, Jean Sinclair, Ann Burroughs and Zilla Herries-Baird. Messages of greetings were sent to Jean Sinclair, Ray and Jack Simons who would be returning to Cape Town from exile that weekend. A message of support to the family of Anton Lubowski was approved for dispatch in the light of the allegations of the Minister of Defence made under the shelter of parliamentary privilege.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Drawn from the Apartheid Litigation
    21 Towards Making Blood Money Visible: Lessons Drawn from the Apartheid Litigation INGRID GUBBAY* I INTRODUCTION UCH HAS BEEN written and said about the conceptual challenges raised in the two cases comprising the Apartheid litigation1 (‘Re Apartheid’). Of the 100 Mcases or so run under the Alien Tort Claims Act2 (ATCA) since its reinvigora- tion in 1980, Re Apartheid is unique in that it has spotlighted the high level of ‘collabora- tion/integration between non South African sectors of the business community and the State, in extending, maintaining, and profiteering from the Apartheid regime’.3 First filed under the ATCA in the Southern District Court in 2002, the South African plaintiffs have sought to publicly interrogate banks and other major corporations for their key role in allegedly supporting the crimes against humanity committed by the regime during the period of its operation between 1948 until the election of Nelson Mandela in 1994. The case narrative, told first through the reports to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa4 (TRC), and later in the US courts, establishes unequivocally that the financial and operational support provided by certain corporations maintained * The author is the European head of human rights and environmental law at Hausfeld & Co LLP, based in London. Her role in the litigation is to assist on areas of international law, and liaise with members of the Khulumani group. She worked in South Africa taking depositions from the named plaintiffs in the Khulumani case. The author would like to thank the Khulumani litigation team in Re Apartheid, for their contribution to this chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 168 SO 028 325 AUTHOR Warnsley, Johnnye R. TITLE Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future. A Curriculum Unit. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1996 (South Africa). INSTITUTION Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1996-00-00 NOTE 77p. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African Studies; *Apartheid; Black Studies; Foreign Countries; Global Education; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; Peace; *Racial Discrimination; *Racial Segregation; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides IDENTIFIERS African National Congress; Mandela (Nelson); *South Africa ABSTRACT This curriculum unit is designed for students to achieve a better understanding of the South African society and the numerous changes that have recently, occurred. The four-week unit can be modified to fit existing classroom needs. The nine lessons include: (1) "A Profile of South Africa"; (2) "South African Society"; (3) "Nelson Mandela: The Rivonia Trial Speech"; (4) "African National Congress Struggle for Justice"; (5) "Laws of South Africa"; (6) "The Pass Laws: How They Impacted the Lives of Black South Africans"; (7) "Homelands: A Key Feature of Apartheid"; (8) "Research Project: The Liberation Movement"; and (9)"A Time Line." Students readings, handouts, discussion questions, maps, and bibliography are included. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** 00 I- 4.1"Reflections on Apartheid in South Africa: Perspectives and an Outlook for the Future" A Curriculum Unit HERE SHALL watr- ALL 5 HALLENTOEQUALARTiii. 41"It AFiacAPLAYiB(D - Wad Lli -WIr_l clal4 I.4.4i-i PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (4.)L.ct.0-Aou-S TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Johnnye R.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli Infiltration in South Africa
    Israeli infiltration in South Africa Na’eem Jeenah Executive Director, Afro-Middle East Centre January 2010 Al Jazeera Centre for Studies Tel: +974-4930181 Fax: +974-4831346 [email protected] www.aljazeera.net/studies Introduction The year 1948 witnessed both the establishment of the state of Israel and the establishment of the ‘Republic of South Africa’, ruled from then until 1994 by the Nationalist Party, using the ideology of Apartheid. In 1953, South Africa’s Prime Minister, Danie Malan, became the first head of government in the world to pay an official visit to Israel. This fact underlines the relationship that was later to develop between the South African Apartheid state and Israel, a relationship that would endure into South Africa’s post-Apartheid era – albeit in different forms. The relationship between South Africa and Israel developed because it was mutually beneficial to both. As negotiations took place in South Africa between the liberation movements and the Apartheid state, there was expectation from many quarters that the relationship would be severed with the ushering in of a democratic government in South Africa, controlled by liberation organisations which had close relationships with the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). Instead, while some areas of that relationship were downgraded, others were strengthened. Early Israel-Apartheid South Africa relations It seems surprising that the South African Nationalist Party had, over the period of a few years developed such close ties with Israel when its luminaries had, prior to 1948, been extremely Judeophobic and had supported Nazi Germany during the Second World War and offered to lead a coup in South Africa against the British on behalf of Nazi Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gordian Knot: Apartheid & the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960-1970
    THE GORDIAN KNOT: APARTHEID & THE UNMAKING OF THE LIBERAL WORLD ORDER, 1960-1970 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Ryan Irwin, B.A., M.A. History ***** The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Professor Peter Hahn Professor Robert McMahon Professor Kevin Boyle Professor Martha van Wyk © 2010 by Ryan Irwin All rights reserved. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the apartheid debate from an international perspective. Positioned at the methodological intersection of intellectual and diplomatic history, it examines how, where, and why African nationalists, Afrikaner nationalists, and American liberals contested South Africa’s place in the global community in the 1960s. It uses this fight to explore the contradictions of international politics in the decade after second-wave decolonization. The apartheid debate was never at the center of global affairs in this period, but it rallied international opinions in ways that attached particular meanings to concepts of development, order, justice, and freedom. As such, the debate about South Africa provides a microcosm of the larger postcolonial moment, exposing the deep-seated differences between politicians and policymakers in the First and Third Worlds, as well as the paradoxical nature of change in the late twentieth century. This dissertation tells three interlocking stories. First, it charts the rise and fall of African nationalism. For a brief yet important moment in the early and mid-1960s, African nationalists felt genuinely that they could remake global norms in Africa’s image and abolish the ideology of white supremacy through U.N.
    [Show full text]
  • Redefining the Griot: a History of South African Documentary Film
    Redefining the Griot A History of South African Documentary Film By Taryn da Canha - DCNT AROO 1 A minor Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For The Award ofthe Degree ofMaster of Arts in South Mrican Historical Studies. Department of Historical Studies Faculty of Humanities University of Cape Town Apri12001 This work has not been previously submitted in whole, or in part, for the reward of any degree. It is my Universityown work. Each significant of Cape contribution Town to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. Date: -------- Taryn da Canha The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town ABSTRACT The South African film industry, like the rest of the country, has gone through a very difficult and trying time over the last century and has been faced with enormous challenges since 1994. South Africa is still in a process of transition and the turbulent era of Apartheid is still vivid in our memories and our collective national identity. What is especially exciting about studying the history of the South African film industry, is that it was through film, television and the media at large, that we witnessed the evolution of this history.
    [Show full text]
  • Bram Fischer and the Meaning of Integrity Stephen Ellman
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of North Carolina School of Law NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COMMERCIAL REGULATION Volume 26 | Number 3 Article 5 Summer 2001 To Live Outside the Law You Must Be Honest: Bram Fischer and the Meaning of Integrity Stephen Ellman Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj Recommended Citation Stephen Ellman, To Live Outside the Law You Must Be Honest: Bram Fischer and the Meaning of Integrity, 26 N.C. J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 767 (2000). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol26/iss3/5 This Comments is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To Live Outside the Law You Must Be Honest: Bram Fischer and the Meaning of Integrity Cover Page Footnote International Law; Commercial Law; Law This comments is available in North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol26/iss3/5 To Live Outside the Law You Must Be Honest: Bram Fischer and the Meaning of Integrity* Stephen Ellmann** Brain Fischer could "charm the birds out of the trees."' He was beloved by many, respected by his colleagues at the bar and even by political enemies.2 He was an expert on gold law and water rights, represented Sir Ernest Oppenheimer, the most prominent capitalist in the land, and was appointed a King's Counsel by the National Party government, which was simultaneously shaping the system of apartheid.' He was also a Communist, who died under sentence of life imprisonment.
    [Show full text]