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Transportation Investments in Argentina Impacts on Social and Economic Development

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Transportation Investments in Argentina Impacts on Social and Economic Development TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS IN ARGENTINA IMPACTS ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT I-TED 2014 – INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE April 9-11, 2014 Dallas. Texas Haydée A. Lordi WORLD ROAD ASSOTIATON –NACIONAL COMMITTEE- ARGENTINA ASOCIACIÓN ARGENTINA DE CARRETERAS Contents Introduction Study Area Socioeconomic characterisation Demographic analysis Transport Infrastructure Diagnostic of Mobility Case Study : BRT La Matanza (Nacional Road Nº 3 Avda. Brig. General Juan Manuel de Rosas) Conclusions and recommendations INTRODUCTION This presentation aims to show the scope of the research that I undertook in 2010, together with other professionals:“Study of technological measures and applications to maximize the installed capacity of the transport system” (Lordi , Ortiz , Russomanno and Bortolín), awarded first prize by the World Engineering Congress 2010 corresponding to the Chapter “Large metropolis and its infrastructures”. The main objective of the study was to provide a detailed analysis of the transport infrastructure in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA) in Argentina, and to propose solutions to optimize the existing system capacity, without resorting to strategies focused on expanding capacity, especially road capacity. The study bases its justification on the need to moderate transport’s impacts to ensure sustainable transport in the AMBA. The research designates areas that warrant greater development and formulates the recommendation of encouraging development measures for the local context. Finally, it illustrates the application of the mentioned recommendations to a particular regional case study: “Development of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) on National Route Nº 3 – La Matanza to Autonomous City of Buenos Aires”. Outcome of this study: The government of Argentina has recently received a loan from the World Bank to implement a 26 km modern bus passenger transport prioritization system in the Municipality of La Matanza, the largest BRT ever built so far in Argentina. MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The study assumes that urban mobility: - Is a basic necessity of individual. It is currently the fourth condition of social integration, after housing, health and education. - It is a collective right that all citizens are guaranteed equal conditions: without discrimination for gender, physical condition, mental state, age, social class or any other cause. (Article 13 of the Universal Declaration for Human Rights), therefore the state has the responsibility and obligation to guarantee reasonable levels of mobility for its citizens. The study aims to understand if urban transport is fulfilling its role as a vehicle of social inclusion in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA) and also to contribute towards correcting the imperfections in the transport supply market, that inevitably concentrates situations of social inequality, with the purpose of improving the quality of life of the population. For this a diagnostic of people´s mobility was performed in the area of influence of the AMBA, beginning with defining the corridors, zones and the infrastructures linked to current transport services, identifying the population sectors that do not have equal access opportunities. STUDY FOCUS AND JUSTIFICATION The approach is based on two thematic areas of intervention: a) the adoption of Transportation Demand Management (TDM, also called Mobility Management) that is a general term for strategies that result in more efficient use of transportation resources(Victoria Transport Policy Institute , Todd Litman) b) the implementation of transport systems technologies ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) (Both without resorting to increased capacity as a mechanism to reduce congestion) There exists a professional academic consensus about the severity of the impacts of traffic congestion on the competitiveness, social and economic development, and environmental health of cities and about the inappropriate adoption of solutions that focus on expanding capacity, in environments that have reached a determined degree of maturity in infrastructure development of the transport system, due to the tendency to drift into what is known as the Mogridge Paradox, that postulates that increasing the capacity of access motorways triggers a regressive cycle that generates intensified congestion problems compared to the previous situation, which leads to disinvestment in public transport infrastructure) Justification: The study bases its justification in the current mobility crisis in the AMBA area, the scarcity of economic resources and the lack of available land for a substantial expansion of the regional transport system infrastructure. STUDY AREA ARGENTINA Surface Area: 2.780.400 km² Population: 40.750.000 inhabitants (Urban Population: 87%) Political Organization: Federal Republic with 24 autonomous Provinces. Average Density: 10,7 inhab/km² Fleet: 11,5 Million (Increment 85% 2010/2001). Road Fatalities: 8.120 annual/ decade average STUDY AREA To avoid any confusion, given that different terminology exists to define the urban area that delineates the City of Buenos Aires, we have taken into account the definitions formulated by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC). “Autonomous City of Buenos Aires or Buenos Aires City (CABA), federal district traditionally referred to as “Capital Federal”. “Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires “ (AMBA) : Buenos Aires City plus the 24 Municipalities of the Province of Buenos Aires(Gran Buenos Aires -GBA). “Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (MRBA)”: The strong interrelations that the agglomerations have with the metropolis, shown by the daily movement of the population, constitutes what is known as the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (RMBA). The work carried out looks at the RMBA made up of the City of Buenos Aires and 41 municipalities, which extend towards the northeast to Zarate and towards the west, south and southeast, to Provincial Route Nº6. “ Sectors (Coronas)” : The RMBA is divided into sectors 1, 2 y 3 to reflect the different socio economic characteristics of the area as we move away from the center of the City of Buenos Aires. AUTONOMOUS CITY OF BUENOS AIRES OR BUENOS AIRES CITY (CABA), FEDERAL DISTRICT METROPOLITAN REGION OF BUENOS AIRES (MRBA) SECTORS (CORONAS) 1, 2 AND 3 To understand mobility in the Study Area it has been necessary to define transport corridors, which would allow an evaluation of the degree of the functional and structural relation as much between each other and Capital Federal,CORREDORES as between corridors. DE TRANSPORTE These have been defined POR according CORONA to the information obtained from INTRUPUBA surveys. MOVILIDAD URBANA EN EL AMBA LA MATANZA FORMS PART OF THE SOUTHWEST CORRIDOR IN SECTORS 1 & 2 (LA MATANZA I Y LA MATANZA II) RESEARCH INTO URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF BUENOS AIRES (INTRUPUBA) 2006-2007 The INTRUPUBA research looks exclusively at public transport modes, prioritized by socioeconomic levels (suburban rail services, and public passenger transport). It encompasses the territory made up of the City of Buenos Aires and 27 Municipalities of the Province of Buenos Aires. In the INTRUPUBA three type of studies were performed: – Passenger count: a quantitive sample that yielded information about the number of users. – Surveys: qualititive analysis of over 300 thousand passenger surveys. – Investigation of transport service: description of transport service supply Fuente: INTRUPUBA 2006-2007 Secret.de Transporte de la Nación STUDY AREA: TRANSPORT ZONES & CORRIDORS AREA DE ESTUDIO TIGRE SAN FERNANDO MALVINAS ARGENTINAS SAN ISIDRO CORREDORES JOSE C PAZ VICENTE LOPEZ MACROCENTRO-CBA SAN MIGUEL GRAL SAN MARTIN 10 15 NOROESTE 3 DE 9 HURLINGHAM 16 FEBRERO 14 1 NORTE 2 17 7 MORENO 12 3 6 OESTE ITUZAINGÓ 18 8 4 11 20 5 MORON 13 19 SUDESTE 21 AVELLANEDA SUDOESTE LA MATANZA 1 MERLO LANUS SUR QUILMES LOMAS DE ZAMORA LA MATANZA 2 BERAZATEGUI ALMIRANTE BROWN Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ESTEBAN EZEIZA ECHEVERRIA FLORENCIO VARELA (CABA) plus 25 Municipalities, which make up the 26 classified transport PRESIDENTE PERON zones, in 2 Sectors (1 & 2) & in 7 Corridors STUDY AREA - SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISATION The Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, is the most important urban region in Argentina, no only due to the population concentration but also because of the high quality services and equipment. The economic importance of the Study Area exceeds its geographic extension, as its economy represents approximately 40% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country, and Industrial GDP 1% of the surface of the country. Its territory is home to around more than 14 million inhabitants, approximately 34% of the total Argentine population (41 million) and has an average density of 2,390 inhabitants per Km². AMBA extends over 3,627 Km² which represents approximately 0.15% of the total surface area of the country. 45% of all manufacturing activities, 38% of commercial establishments, 44% of service establishments and 34% of financial institutions are concentrated within the AMBA. STUDY AREA - SOCIO ECONOMIC CHARACTERISATION The transformations that AMBA is experiencing are principally caused by the following factors: . Urban population growth . Globalization of the economy . New approaches to productive processes . Greater investment demands in infrastructure . Changes in corporate culture and workforce organization . Trends towards a more fragmented social model
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