Phonology Development 0 - 3 Months 3 - 6 Months 6 – 9 Months 9 – 12 Months • Birth cry – undifferentiated • Babbling begins • Uses m, n, t, d, b, p, y in babbling multiple • Vocalizes during play • Reflexive sound making produces glottal Double syllables – VCV, aga syllables • Vocalizes to mirror Puts lips together – says “m” catch and vowels (ah, eh, uh) • Babbles tunefully – singing tones • Jabbers loudly – wide variety of sounds and Nasal tone is heard • Some variety in non-crying sounds • Uses wide variety of sound combinations intonations • Vocalizes pleasure and displeasure • Differentiated cry (true vocal communication including non-English sounds • Uses most sounds (C&V) in vocal play – begins) • Stops vocalizing when adult enters • Inflected vocal play – intonation patterns beginning of phonetic drift • Coos and gurgles • Self-initiated vocal play heard • May acquire first true word –0-18 months • Produces single syllables • Coos, chuckles, gurgles and laughs • Imitates intonation and speech sounds in • Variegated babbling begins – combines his/her own repertoire • Begins blowing bubbles • Babbles to self, others, and objects different syllables in vocal play • Babbling show pitch and inflection change • Reduplicative babbling begins – bababa • Vocally expresses eagerness 1 – 1½ Years 1 ½ - 2 Years 2- 2 ½ Years 2½- 3 Years • Uses sentence-like intonations (jargon) • Words increasing in frequency – jargon • Approximately 70% intelligible • Still some substitutions and distortion of • Some echolalia almost gone by 2 years • May omit final consonant, reduce consonant consonants • Uses most vowels and consonants and some • Asks questions by raising intonation at end blends; substitute one consonant for another • Continuing to improve intelligibility – now initial consonants of phrase. approximately 80% intelligible • Basically unintelligible with exception of a • Improvement in intelligibility – now • Consonants mastered: p, m, n, w, h few words approximately 65% intelligible by 2 years • Omits final consonants and some initial • Appearance of words produced with CVC consonants structure (hot) • Words produced with VC structure (bo/boat) emerge) • Accurately imitates some words 3- 3 ½ Years 3 ½ - 4 Years 4- 4 ½ Years 4½- 5 Years • Uses final consonants most of time • Becoming very intelligible in connected • Should be few omissions and substitutions of • Most consonant sounds used consistently • Phonological processes disappearing by age speech consonants and accurately, though may not be mastered 3: consonant assimilation, diminutization, • Continued refinement of articulatory skills • Very intelligible in connected speech in all contexts doubling , final consonant deletion, taking place • More errors present in difficult blends prevocalic voicing, reduplication, unstressed • Consonants mastered: b, d, k, g, f, y syllable deletion, velar fronting • Phonological processes continuing after age 3: cluster reduction, deplatalization, epenthesis, final devoicing, gliding, stopping, vocalization 5- 6 Years 6 – 7 Years • • From: Speech and Language Development Consonants mastered: t, ing, r, l Consonants mastered: voiceless th, sh, ch, j nd (by 8 years, voiced th, v, s, zh are Chart (2 Ed.) by Addy Gard, Leslea Gilman, mastered) and Jim Gorman, Pro-Ed. From: Speech and Language Development Chart (2nd Ed.) by Addy Gard, Leslea Gilman, and Jim Gorman, Pro-Ed. Semantics Development Chart 0 - 3 Months 3 - 6 Months 6 – 9 Months 9 – 12 Months • Startle response to loud sound • Anticipates feeding upon sight of bottle • Attempts to imitate gross gestures • Begins to relate symbol and object – first • Visually tracks while on back • Watches or closely attends to movement • Comprehends parental gestures true word • Moves eyes toward source of sound patterns • Looks at some common objects when names • Will give block, toy or object on request • Attends to voice – turns head toward voice • Smiles on sight of face are spoken • Understands and follows simple commands regarding body action • Fixes gaze on spoon or bottle • Recognizes spoon or bottle • Comprehends “no” – inhibits on command • Responds with searching movements to • Orients to light • Laughs when playing with objects • Interest in pictures maintained for full minute while they are name simple questions • Briefly holds and inspects two objects (1-4 • Looks in correct place for toys out of sight months) • Searches for partially hidden object (4-8 months) • Turns heads immediately to own name • Mouths some objects • Bangs objects together • Understands the meaning of “hot” • Performs many actions on objects – shakes, • In presence of more than one object, shows tears, slides, mouths, rubs awareness of more than one • Sight of object or person produces gross • Indicates displeasure when object is gesture (emerging nomination) removed • Imitates ringing of bell Attending Phase (0 – 9 Months) • Can name or look for subject out of sight – Prerequisite of Semantic Development first true word • Gestures and/or vocalizes to indicate wants and needs (emerging state, recurrence, nomination) • Recognizes inverted object – emerging awareness of top/bottom, front/back 1 – 1½ Years 1 ½ - 2 Years 2- 2 ½ Years 2½- 3 Years • Follows simple one-step commands • Comprehends approximately 300 words • Comprehends approximately 500 words • Comprehends approximately 900 words • Points to recognized objects (emerging • Listens as pictures are name • Listens to 5 to 10 minute story • Points to pictures of 10 objects described by nomination) • Listens to simple stories – especially likes • Carries out series of two related commands their use • Point to wanted objects (emerging state) ones heard before • Identifies action in pictures • Listens to 20 minute story • Begins to claim certain objects (emerging • Points to five body parts on self or doll • Has concept of “one” and “all” • Knows own sex and difference possession) • Responds approximately to yes/no • Knows in/on/under • Points to one to three body parts on command questions (head shake) • Knows big/little • Identifies two or more objects or pictures • Object permanence fully acquired • Matches colors from a group • Discriminates food from other objects • Completes three piece form board, matches • Perceives other’s emotions (unwraps candy before eating) shapes • Imitates only events that are present to the • Is cautious of common dangers, such as senses, not those from past experiences stairways, animals • Has complicated, sequenced routines for daily activities (bedtime, meals); objects to change (beginning of time/sequence awareness From: Speech and Language Development Chart (2nd Ed.) by Addy Gard, Leslea Gilman, and Jim Gorman (Pro-Ed). 1 – 1½ Years 1 ½ - 2 Years 2- 2 ½ Years 2½- 3 Years • Uses 3 to 20 words • Uses approximately 50 recognizable words • Uses 200 intelligible words • Uses 500 intelligible words • Vocalizes with gestures • Uses names of most familiar objects • Names six objects by use • Answers six to seven agent/action questions • Says “all gone” (emerging negation) • Produces animal sound or uses its name • Repeats two numbers correctly (what runs?) • Answers question “what’s this?” • Verbalizes toilet needs (closer to 2 years) • Answers “where” questions • Answers simple “who, why, where, how many “ questions (3 years) • Asks for “more” (emerging recurrence) may verbalize need before, during, or after • Answers “what….doing” questions act • Answers one of three questions (what do • Answers “what do you hear with?” • Identifies and names five or more pictures you do when you’re hungry, sleepy or by 2 years cold?) • Says own name on request – refers to self • Can ask simple questions (what’s that?) with full name • Yes/No questions emerging (is he sleeping?) • Verbalizes “no” • Repeats sentence of sex to seven syllables • Verbalizes immediate experiences accurately • Combines two words into phrases, ma use three to four word responses (2 years) • Begins to use some verbs and adjectives 3- 3 ½ Years 3 ½ - 4 Years 4- 4 ½ Years 4½- 5 Years • Comprehends 1,200 words • Comprehends 1,500 – 2,000 words • Understands concept of the number three • Comprehends 2500 to 2800 words • Knows “in front of” and “behind” when • Knows front and back of clothes (give me just three) • Answers two complex comprehension object with logical front and back if used • Responds to commands involving three • Knows between, above, below, top, bottom questions • Identifies hard/soft, rough/smooth actions • Names one color (54 months) • Executes three commissions in sequence • Identifies circle and square • Recognizes one color • Can recognize two to three primary colors • Points to red, yellow, green, and blue on • Responds to commands involving two (54 months) request (60 months) actions • Knows heavy/light, loud/soft, like/unalike, • Responds to commands involving two discriminates /long/short objects • Classifies according to form, color or use • Able to match sets (42 months) • Uses 800 words • Uses 1000 to 1500 words • Answers 14 agent + action questions • Uses 1500 to 2000 words • Responds appropriately to simple “how” • Answers 13 agent + action questions • Responds appropriately – not necessarily • Repeats two nonsense syllables question • Can do simple verbal analogies (Daddy is correctly, to “how far” questions • Answers simple “when” questions (when • Can answer two or three questions (what do a man, Mommy is a …..) • Defines four words in terms of use do you sleep?) you do when you’re hungry/sleepy/cold?) • Answers (responds appropriately)