The Newsletter of Crawford Broadcasting Company Corporate Engineering

The Newsletter of Crawford Broadcasting Company Corporate Engineering JANUARY 2020 • VOLUME 30 • ISSUE 1 • W.C. ALEXANDER, CPBE, AMD, DRB EDITOR A Landmark Issue schematic, and somehow I exported it to a form Most folks don’t pay a lot of attention to usable by WordPerfect, which is what I was using in volume and issue numbers of publications such as those days. That graphic has remained the same all this one, but each month, there they are, right in the these years. page 1 header. I’ll bet you just glanced at it, maybe In those early days, I did most all the writing for the first time in any issue, and you probably myself. Our corporate expansion started in 1992, noticed that this is the first issue of our 30th year! when we added Denver and Portland, and as our When The Local Oscillator first got its start, company grew, we began putting on full-time Crawford had just six stations. That’s right, just six: engineers in key markets. At some point, it occurred KBRT in Los Angeles, KPBC in Dallas, WYCA in to me that the best accounts would come directly Chicago, WMUZ in Detroit, WDCX in Buffalo and from our engineers rather than from me, so I began WDJC in Birmingham. The year was 1990. We had asking our chief engineers to write monthly columns. very few full-time engineers – just Los Angeles and That has been the format ever since. Dallas; the rest were contract engineers. All those early issues were sent out by mail. It occurred to me somewhere around that The print format allowed us to fold the collated and time that there was very little in the way of stapled document in half, slap on a label, run it information sharing taking place between the through the postage meter and put it in the mail. engineers in our company, and this despite the Word got out about the newsletter, and we began commonalities in equipment and architecture. It adding vendors, consulting engineers and others to seemed that our people were dealing with similar the mailing list. At one point, we were mailing out issues at the various stations, but all were working in about 50 copies a month. isolation, figuring things out on their own and taking And somewhere in the early 2000s, we a much longer path to problem resolution. I thought began publishing online in the current PDF format. that we would do well to begin a monthly newsletter From there, distribution really took off. We no longer for the express purpose of sharing such information track readership, but it’s in the hundreds. Broadcast between stations and engineers. engineers and other interested parties all over the I didn’t really know what the boss would world read it, and I am occasionally surprised by an think about this endeavor, so I sent him the inaugural email I get from someone I don’t know who has been issue – and he loved it. In fact, he didn’t give me the a faithful reader for years. option – he told me to go forward with it each month, In 2003, Paul McLane, the long-time editor and we did. of Radio World, wrote a piece in that fine publication We needed a cool graphic in the header. that he titled, “Cris and The Local Oscillator.” I have Where would I get that? Remember that this was in the article matted and framed on the wall of my the days of Windows 3. Graphics were, well, office. Paul wrote in praise of our humble primitive in those days. There weren’t many options publication, its reach and purpose. That national for producing quality graphics on the cheap, but we (worldwide?) exposure was probably responsible for had AutoCAD, which I used for drafting everything the growth of our reader base more than anything from schematics to site plans to directional pattern else. graphs. I used it to whip up a Colpitts oscillator 1 The Local Oscillator January 2020 So here we are in our 30th year. The world is pressure to make the change within a certain time a distinctively different place than it was in 1990. period. Broadcast Engineering looks a lot different than it did Some time after CDBS came on the scene, in those days. And our great company bears very we began hearing rumors about a new system, called little resemblance to the six-station group it was back LMS – the Licensing and Management System. I then. Is The Local Oscillator still relevant? Does it wish I could remember what year it was – sometime still serve its original purpose? in the early 20-teens I think, that I attended the NAB Based on the responses I regularly see, from Radio Show in Washington, DC. That was where I people inside and outside our company, I would say first heard about LMS, and if I recall correctly, the that yes, it is still relevant, and yes, it still serves its FCC’s Jim Bradshaw gave us a demonstration in a original purpose. Accounts written by Brian seminar at the show. Cunningham, Stephen Poole, Rick Sewell, Steve We didn’t hear much else about LMS for Minshall, Amanda Hopp and John White regularly some time after that, until repack started up, and TV describe the issues, processes and resolutions was moved to LMS almost overnight. That didn’t experienced in the field, and those have value. For really have much effect on us – AM and FM were my part, I try and convey a Crawford perspective on still using CDBS, and based on our past experience industry news and happenings as well as things going with FCC database transitions, I expected there to be on inside our company. Of course, with such a wide good documentation and plenty of overlap when the readership (including people working for our transition eventually did come. There was some competitors), both I and our other writers have to be evidence to support that when TV began the careful what we divulge – we don’t want to give up transition – LMS TV records were regularly any trade secrets! appearing in the CDBS database, so some sort of So we proudly press on with our little export was being provided, and there was a modicum publication. Thank you, constant reader, for your of documentation on the LMS main page, which continued readership and support. Let us hear from many believed would be expanded and expounded you from time to time, especially if you have a over time. different perspective on some issue discussed in these And then last September, the FCC issued a pages. Public Notice stating that a number of FM application forms, including the 301, 302, 318, 319, Database Change 340, 349 and 350, were available in the new LMS Back in the day, the FCC Media Bureau online filing system. Users immediately began using (then the Mass Media Bureau) used a flat-file that system to file applications. But a problem database for all its AM, FM and TV records. became immediately apparent: there was no export of Everything was contained in one “flat” file. That FM records provided to CDBS, so for people using format had its limitations, as you can imagine. Just CDBS data to do FM searches and studies (which think about all the fields that would be required to was everyone!) would miss applications filed in LMS accommodate AM-FM-TV technical records in what and their subsequent actions. That was a huge amounted to a single table. problem. Then in the early 2000s, along came the I consulted with some folks I know at the Consolidated Data Base System, or what we know as FCC and got few answers. About all I did learn was CDBS. That system is a relational database with that (a) there would be no export to CDBS; (b) we many tables, each containing grouped information had better figure out a way to start including LMS but linked by a common key. data in our searches; and (c) while AM would The transition from the flat file to CDBS eventually be moved to LMS, that move is not was fairly painless, thanks to the efforts of the good imminent. people at the FCC. We had plenty of notice of the So we as an industry had a problem on our change; the CDBS structure, tables, fields and hands, and it was made worse by the fact that nomenclature were well documented; and the FCC expanded/better-expounded LMS documentation was exported data from CDBS back to the old flat-file not forthcoming. We had what was at best incomplete format for years after CDBS came on line. The good documentation, and at worst it was outright documentation made it relatively easy for users such inaccurate! I spoke to a trusted insider at the FCC, as me to make the transition, and the long-term who told me that even people in the agency were export to the old format took away much of the having to “muddle through” the system. 2 The Local Oscillator January 2020 With some breadcrumbs provided by my If you ask me how I spent my annual year- good friends at Cavell & Mertz in the form of an end vacation, I will tell you that I spent it working. SQL callsign search query of LMS, I was able to That’s right, I worked 8-12 hours a day, every day begin to figure out the database structure and how (including Christmas Day) writing the code to make some of the various tables were related.

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