Dark Corners of the Internet a Survey of Tor Research [Archive.Org]
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Report Criminal Law in the Face of Cyberattacks
APRIL 2021 REPORT CRIMINAL LAW IN THE FACE OF CYBERATTACKS Working group chaired by Bernard Spitz, President of the International and Europe Division of MEDEF, former President of the French Insurance Federation (FFA) General secretary: Valérie Lafarge-Sarkozy, Lawyer, Partner with the law firm Altana ON I SS I AD HOC COMM CRIMINAL LAW IN THE FACE OF CYBERATTACKS CRIMINAL LAW IN THE FACE OF CYBERATTACKS CLUB DES JURISTES REPORT Ad hoc commission APRIL 2021 4, rue de la Planche 75007 Paris Phone : 01 53 63 40 04 www.leclubdesjuristes.com FIND US ON 2 PREFACE n the shadow of the global health crisis that has held the world in its grip since 2020, episodes of cyberattacks have multiplied. We should be careful not to see this as mere coincidence, an unexpected combination of calamities that unleash themselves in Ia relentless series bearing no relation to one another. On the contrary, the major disruptions or transitions caused in our societies by the Covid-19 pandemic have been conducive to the growth of offences which, though to varying degrees rooted in digital, are also symptoms of contemporary vulnerabilities. The vulnerability of some will have been the psychological breeding ground for digital offences committed during the health crisis. In August 2020, the Secretary-General of Interpol warned of the increase in cyberattacks that had occurred a few months before, attacks “exploiting the fear and uncertainty caused by the unstable economic and social situation brought about by Covid-19”. People anxious about the disease, undermined by loneliness, made vulnerable by their distress – victims of a particular vulnerability, those recurrent figures in contemporary criminal law – are the chosen victims of those who excel at taking advantage of the credulity of others. -
Encrochatsure.Com
EncroChatSure.com . Better Sure than sorry! EncroChat® Reference & Features Guide EncroChatSure.com 1 EncroChatSure.com . Better Sure than sorry! EncroChatSure.com . Better Sure than sorry! EncroChat® - Feature List 2 EncroChatSure.com . Better Sure than sorry! EncroChatSure.com . Better Sure than sorry! EncroChat® - The Basics Question: What are the problems associated with disposable phones which look like a cheap and perfect solution because of a number of free Instant Messaging (IM) apps with built-in encryption? Answer: Let us point to the Shamir Law which states that the Crypto is not penetrated, but bypassed. At present, the applications available on play store and Apple App store for Instant Messaging (IM) crypto are decent if speaking cryptographically. The problem with these applications is that they run on a network platform which is quite vulnerable. The applications builders usually compromise on the security issues in order to make their application popular. All these applications are software solutions and the software’s usually work with other software’s. For instance, if one installs these applications then the installed software interfere with the hardware system, the network connected to and the operating system of the device. In order to protect the privacy of the individual, it is important to come up with a complete solution rather than a part solution. Generally, the IM applications security implementations are very devastating for the end user because the user usually ignores the surface attacks of the system and the security flaws. When the user looks in the account, they usually find that the product is nothing but a security flaw. -
Libressl Presentatie2
Birth of LibreSSL and its current status Frank Timmers Consutant, Snow B.V. Background What is LibreSSL • A fork of OpenSSL 1.0.1g • Being worked on extensively by a number of OpenBSD developers What is OpenSSL • OpenSSL is an open source SSL/TLS crypto library • Currently the de facto standard for many servers and clients • Used for securing http, smtp, imap and many others Alternatives • Netscape Security Services (NSS) • BoringSSL • GnuTLS What is Heartbleed • Heartbleed was a bug leaking of private data (keys) from both client and server • At this moment known as “the worst bug ever” • Heartbeat code for DTLS over UDP • So why was this also included in the TCP code? • Not the reason to create a fork Why did this happen • Nobody looked • Or at least didn’t admit they looked Why did nobody look • The code is horrible • Those who did look, quickly looked away and hoped upstream could deal with it Why was the code so horrible • Buggy re-implementations of standard libc functions like random() and malloc() • Forces all platforms to use these buggy implementations • Nested #ifdef, #ifndefs (up to 17 layers deep) through out the code • Written in “OpenSSL C”, basically their own dialect • Everything on by default Why was it so horrible? crypto_malloc • Never frees memory (Tools like Valgrind, Coverity can’t spot bugs) • Used LIFO recycling (Use after free?) • Included debug malloc by default, logging private data • Included the ability to replace malloc/free at runtime #ifdef trees • #ifdef, #elif, #else trees up to 17 layers deep • Throughout the complete source • Some of which could never be reached • Hard to see what is or not compiled in 1. -
Universidad Pol Facultad D Trabajo
UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID FACULTAD DE INFORMÁTICA TRABAJO FINAL DE CARRERA ESTUDIO DEL PROTOCOLO XMPP DE MESAJERÍA ISTATÁEA, DE SUS ATECEDETES, Y DE SUS APLICACIOES CIVILES Y MILITARES Autor: José Carlos Díaz García Tutor: Rafael Martínez Olalla Madrid, Septiembre de 2008 2 A mis padres, Francisco y Pilar, que me empujaron siempre a terminar esta licenciatura y que tanto me han enseñado sobre la vida A mis abuelos (q.e.p.d.) A mi hijo icolás, que me ha dejado terminar este trabajo a pesar de robarle su tiempo de juego conmigo Y muy en especial, a Susana, mi fiel y leal compañera, y la luz que ilumina mi camino Agradecimientos En primer lugar, me gustaría agradecer a toda mi familia la comprensión y confianza que me han dado, una vez más, para poder concluir definitivamente esta etapa de mi vida. Sin su apoyo, no lo hubiera hecho. En segundo lugar, quiero agradecer a mis amigos Rafa y Carmen, su interés e insistencia para que llegara este momento. Por sus consejos y por su amistad, les debo mi gratitud. Por otra parte, quiero agradecer a mis compañeros asesores militares de Nextel Engineering sus explicaciones y sabios consejos, que sin duda han sido muy oportunos para escribir el capítulo cuarto de este trabajo. Del mismo modo, agradecer a Pepe Hevia, arquitecto de software de Alhambra Eidos, los buenos ratos compartidos alrrededor de nuestros viejos proyectos sobre XMPP y que encendieron prodigiosamente la mecha de este proyecto. A Jaime y a Bernardo, del Ministerio de Defensa, por haberme hecho descubrir las bondades de XMPP. -
Building Resilience & Confronting Risk In
BUILDING RESILIENCE & CONFRONTING RISK IN THE COVID-19 ERA A PARENTS & CAREGIVERS GUIDE TO ONLINE RADICALIZATION POLARIZATION AND EXTREMISM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION LAB (PERIL) PERIL brings the resources and expertise of the university sector to bear CONTENTS on the problem of growing youth polarization and extremist radicalization, through scalable research, intervention, and public education ideas to PARENT & CAREGIVER GUIDE 3 reduce rising polarization and hate. WHAT IS ONLINE RADICALIZATION? WHY SHOULD YOU CARE? 4 SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER NEW RISKS IN THE COVID-19 ERA 5 The SPLC seeks to be a catalyst for racial justice in the South and RECOGNIZING WARNING SIGNS 6 beyond, working in partnership with communities to dismantle white UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVERS 7 supremacy, strengthen intersectional movements, and advance the ENGAGE AND EMPOWER 9 human rights of all people. RESPONDING TO HATE 11 HOW TO GET HELP 12 APPENDIX: STAYING ALERT TO SITES, PLATFORMS AND APPS FREQUENTLY EXPLOITED BY EXTREMISTS 17 ENDNOTES 19 CREDITS 20 ILLUSTRATIONS BY CLAUDIA WHITAKER PARENT & CAREGIVER GUIDE Who is this guide for? We wrote this guide with a wide Whether you live with a young person, or work virtually range of caregivers in mind. with youth, radicalization to extremism is something we all should be concerned about. Extremists looking Caregivers living with children and young adults. This to recruit and convert children are predatory. Like all includes parents, grandparents, foster parents, extended forms of child exploitation, extremist recruitment drives families, and residential counselors who are the a wedge between young people and the adults they would guardians and caregivers of children and youth living typically trust. -
An Investigation Into the Security and Privacy of Ios VPN Applications
An Investigation Into the Security and Privacy of iOS VPN Applications Jack Wilson Division of Cybersecurity School of Design and Informatics Abertay University, Dundee A thesis submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours in Ethical Hacking 1st May 2018 Word Count: 11,448 Abstract Due to the increasing number of recommendations for people to use VPN’s for privacy reasons, more app developers are creating VPN apps and publishing them on the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. In this ‘gold rush’, apps are being developed quickly and, in turn, not being developed with security fully in mind. This paper investigated a selection of free VPN applications available on the Apple App Store (for iOS devices) and test the apps for security and privacy. This includes testing for any traffic being transmitted over plain HTTP, DNS leakage and transmission of personally-identifiable information (such as phone number, IMEI 1, email address, MAC address) and evaluating the security of the tunnelling protocol used by the VPN. The testing methodology involved installing free VPN apps on a test device (an iPhone 6 running iOS 11), simulating network traffic for a pre-defined period of time and capturing the traffic (either through ARP spoofing, or through a proxy program such as Burpsuite). This allows for all traffic to be analysed to check for anything being sent without encryption. Other issues that often cause de-anonymisation with VPN applications such as DNS leakage can be tested using websites such as dnsleaktest.com. The research found several common security issues with the VPN applications that were tested, with a large majority of the applications tested failing to implement HTTPS. -
Prism Vol. 9, No. 2 Prism About Vol
2 021 PRISMVOL. 9, NO. 2 | 2021 PRISM VOL. 9, NO. 2 NO. 9, VOL. THE JOURNAL OF COMPLEX OPER ATIONS PRISM ABOUT VOL. 9, NO. 2, 2021 PRISM, the quarterly journal of complex operations published at National Defense University (NDU), aims to illuminate and provoke debate on whole-of-government EDITOR IN CHIEF efforts to conduct reconstruction, stabilization, counterinsurgency, and irregular Mr. Michael Miklaucic warfare operations. Since the inaugural issue of PRISM in 2010, our readership has expanded to include more than 10,000 officials, servicemen and women, and practi- tioners from across the diplomatic, defense, and development communities in more COPYEDITOR than 80 countries. Ms. Andrea L. Connell PRISM is published with support from NDU’s Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS). In 1984, Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger established INSS EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS within NDU as a focal point for analysis of critical national security policy and Ms. Taylor Buck defense strategy issues. Today INSS conducts research in support of academic and Ms. Amanda Dawkins leadership programs at NDU; provides strategic support to the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, combatant commands, and armed services; Ms. Alexandra Fabre de la Grange and engages with the broader national and international security communities. Ms. Julia Humphrey COMMUNICATIONS INTERNET PUBLICATIONS PRISM welcomes unsolicited manuscripts from policymakers, practitioners, and EDITOR scholars, particularly those that present emerging thought, best practices, or train- Ms. Joanna E. Seich ing and education innovations. Publication threshold for articles and critiques varies but is largely determined by topical relevance, continuing education for national and DESIGN international security professionals, scholarly standards of argumentation, quality of Mr. -
Bernhard Esslinger: Cryptool – Cryptography for the Masses
CrypTool Cryptography for the masses Prof. Bernhard Esslinger (presentation layout done with some help from Gonzalo; pictures by pixabay) Cryptography everywhere … In the digital era, we are all cryptography consumers, whether we know it or not. Whenever we use the mobile telephone, withdraw money from an ATM, go shopping to an e-commerce site using SSL, or use a messenger, we are using cryptographic services which protect the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of our data. The world as we know it wouldn’t exist without cryptography. Cryptography challenges education Around all of us perceived as difficult lack of understanding curricula teachers need useful tools Context of Cryptography CrypTool today: 5 products version 1.x http://www.cryptool.org/en/cryptool1 http://www.cryptool.org/en/ct2 https://github.com/jcryptool/ http://www.cryptool-online.org http://www.mysterytwisterc3.org/ CrypTool Portal: website today JCrypTool: User presentation https://github.com/jcryptool/core/wiki/jcryptool_us er_presentation/jcryptool_presentation_en.pdf CrypTool 2: Sample screen CrypTool: founded 1998 like … • Attac, Paris • Google, Menlo Park • CrypTool, Frankfurt CrypTool 1: Two warnings • legal • worrywarts besides the warnings: CT1 still made it Playful learning Serious tool CrypTool can be used to visualize many concepts of cryptology: including digital signatures, symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid encryption, protocols, cryptanalysis, etc. CrypTool 1 package Self-contained Documentation (online help, readme, CTB, presentation; programs later website) Stories CrypTool 1 Self-contained programs Flash animations The Dialogue of the Sisters The Chinese Labyrinth There are two stories included dealing with number theory and cryptography: • In "The Dialogue of the Sisters" the title-role sisters use a variant of the RSA algorithm, in order to communicate securely. -
ASD-Covert-Foreign-Money.Pdf
overt C Foreign Covert Money Financial loopholes exploited by AUGUST 2020 authoritarians to fund political interference in democracies AUTHORS: Josh Rudolph and Thomas Morley © 2020 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/covert-foreign-money/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover and map design: Kenny Nguyen Formatting design: Rachael Worthington Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a bipartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on authoritarian efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD brings together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coercion, and cybersecurity, as well as regional experts, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frame- works. Authors Josh Rudolph Fellow for Malign Finance Thomas Morley Research Assistant Contents Executive Summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction and Methodology �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� -
Cryptology with Jcryptool V1.0
www.cryptool.org Cryptology with JCrypTool (JCT) A Practical Introduction to Cryptography and Cryptanalysis Prof Bernhard Esslinger and the CrypTool team Nov 24th, 2020 JCrypTool 1.0 Cryptology with JCrypTool Agenda Introduction to the e-learning software JCrypTool 2 Applications within JCT – a selection 22 How to participate 87 JCrypTool 1.0 Page 2 / 92 Introduction to the software JCrypTool (JCT) Overview JCrypTool – A cryptographic e-learning platform Page 4 What is cryptology? Page 5 The Default Perspective of JCT Page 6 Typical usage of JCT in the Default Perspective Page 7 The Algorithm Perspective of JCT Page 9 The Crypto Explorer Page 10 Algorithms in the Crypto Explorer view Page 11 The Analysis tools Page 13 Visuals & Games Page 14 General operation instructions Page 15 User settings Page 20 Command line parameters Page 21 JCrypTool 1.0 Page 3 / 92 JCrypTool – A cryptographic e-learning platform The project Overview . JCrypTool – abbreviated as JCT – is a free e-learning software for classical and modern cryptology. JCT is platform independent, i.e. it is executable on Windows, MacOS and Linux. It has a modern pure-plugin architecture. JCT is developed within the open-source project CrypTool (www.cryptool.org). The CrypTool project aims to explain and visualize cryptography and cryptanalysis in an easy and understandable way while still being correct from a scientific point of view. The target audience of JCT are mainly: ‐ Pupils and students ‐ Teachers and lecturers/professors ‐ Employees in awareness campaigns ‐ People interested in cryptology. As JCT is open-source software, everyone is capable of implementing his own plugins. -
Coreboot - the Free firmware
coreboot - the free firmware Linux Club of Peking University April 9th, 2016 . Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 1 / 30 1 History 2 Why use coreboot 3 How coreboot works 4 Building and using coreboot 5 Flashing 6 Utilities and Debugging 7 Contribute to coreboot 8 Proprietary Components 9 References . Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 2 / 30 History: from LinuxBIOS to coreboot coreboot has a very long history, stretching back more than 15 years to when it was known as LinuxBIOS. While the project has gone through lots of changes over the years, many of the earliest developers still contribute today. Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 3 / 30 LinuxBIOS v1: 1999-2000 The coreboot project originally started as LinuxBIOS in 1999 at Los Alamos National Labs (LANL) by Ron Minnich. Ron needed to boot a cluster made up of many x86 mainboards without the hassles that are part of the PC BIOS. The goal was to do minimal hardware initilization in order to boot Linux as fast as possible. Linux already had the drivers and support to initialize the majority of devices. Ron and a number of other key contributors from LANL, Linux NetworkX, and other open source firmware projects successfully booted Linux from flash. From there they were able to discover other nodes in the cluster, load a full kernel and user space, and start the clustering software. Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 4 / 30 LinuxBIOS v2: 2000-2005 After the initial success of v1, the design was expanded to support more CPU architectures (x86, Alpha, PPC) and to support developers with increasingly diverse needs. -
How to Use Encryption and Privacy Tools to Evade Corporate Espionage
How to use Encryption and Privacy Tools to Evade Corporate Espionage An ICIT White Paper Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technology August 2015 NOTICE: The recommendations contained in this white paper are not intended as standards for federal agencies or the legislative community, nor as replacements for enterprise-wide security strategies, frameworks and technologies. This white paper is written primarily for individuals (i.e. lawyers, CEOs, investment bankers, etc.) who are high risk targets of corporate espionage attacks. The information contained within this briefing is to be used for legal purposes only. ICIT does not condone the application of these strategies for illegal activity. Before using any of these strategies the reader is advised to consult an encryption professional. ICIT shall not be liable for the outcomes of any of the applications used by the reader that are mentioned in this brief. This document is for information purposes only. It is imperative that the reader hires skilled professionals for their cybersecurity needs. The Institute is available to provide encryption and privacy training to protect your organization’s sensitive data. To learn more about this offering, contact information can be found on page 41 of this brief. Not long ago it was speculated that the leading world economic and political powers were engaged in a cyber arms race; that the world is witnessing a cyber resource buildup of Cold War proportions. The implied threat in that assessment is close, but it misses the mark by at least half. The threat is much greater than you can imagine. We have passed the escalation phase and have engaged directly into full confrontation in the cyberwar.