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Internet De Gobernanza GOBERNANZA DE INTERNET Diplo es una organización sin fines de lucro que brinda asistencia a todos los países, particularmente a aquellos con limitaciones de recursos, para que puedan participar de manera significativa en las relaciones internacionales. Diplo promueve un enfoque multisectorial que involucra la participación de organizaciones internacionales, la sociedad civil y otros actores en asuntos internacionales. Las actividades de Diplo incluyen programas de educación y capacitación, investigación y el desarrollo de tecnologías de información y comunicación para actividades diplomáticas. GOBERNANZA DE La Sociedad para el Conocimiento Mundial (GKP) es una red global comprometida a aprovechar el potencial de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) para el INTERNET desarrollo sostenible y equitativo. La visión de GKP es la www.globalknowledge.org de un mundo con igualdad de oportunidades dentro del ASUNTOS, ACTORES Y BRECHAS cual todas las personas tengan acceso y puedan utilizar el conocimiento y la información para mejorar sus vidas. La red permite el intercambio de información, experiencias y recursos para facultar a las personas y ayudar a reducir la pobreza. La Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación (COSUDE) es la entidad encargada de la cooperación internacional dentro del Departamento Federal de Asuntos Jovan Kurbalija • Eduardo Gelbstein Exteriores (DFAE). Con otras oficinas de la Confederación, www.sdc.admin.ch la COSUDE es responsable de la coordinación general de la cooperación para el desarrollo y de la cooperación con los Países del Este, así también como de los programas de ayuda humanitaria suizos. Jovan Kurbalija • Eduardo Gelbstein BIBLIOTECA DE LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN Existe un amplia variedad de textos sobre todos los temas relacionados con la gestión de la información y la tecnología de la información. Este folleto se suma a esta amplia colección y pretende cumplir con los siguientes objetivos: • ofrecer a los lectores legos una perspectiva interna sobre los pocos principios importantes y razonablemente estables; • presentar el materia dentro de un contexto relevante para la labor de aquellos involucrados en las relaciones internacionales; • despertar la curiosidad de los lectores de manera que deseen ir un paso más allá de lo que se presenta en este folleto y deseen investigar y experimentar, desarrollando de esta manera el conocimiento y llevando a cabo acciones que satisfagan sus necesidades particulares. El formato de estos folletos y sus contenidos surgen de los cursos impartidos por los autores durante los últimos años en diferentes ambientes, así como la retroalimentación de los participantes. Las opiniones de los lectores de estos folletos serían altamente valoradas por los autores y contribuirían a mejorar las futuras ediciones. Los datos de contacto de los autores se indican al final de este folleto. OTROS TÍTULOS DE LA BIBLIOTECA DE LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN Internet Basics • Preguntas frecuentes, factores de juicio y problemas frecuentes Finding Information in Cyberspace • De la irritación a la inspiración Good Hygiene for Data and Personal Computers • Por qué y cómo proteger los datos y las computadoras personales Appropriate Use • Pautas y mejores prácticas para correo electrónico y otros servicios en Internet Information Security and Organisations • Guía para legos sobre los actores, las ofensas y las defensas efectivas Hacktivism, Cyber-terrorism and Cyberwar • Las actividades de la sociedad incivil en el ciberespacio Online Learning for Professionals in Full Time Work • A guide to what works and what does not Yellow Pages for the Information Society Library • Un directorio de URLs recomendados SERIE CONOCIMIENTO PARA EL DESARROLLO Esta publicación es parte de la serie Conocimiento para el Desarrollo de la Sociedad para el Conocimiento Mundial (GKP por sus siglas en inglés), un esfuerzo general para aumentar la disponibilidad de información y conocimientos sobre diferentes temas en el área de tecnologías de infocomunicaciones para el desarrollo (ICT4D). OTROS TÍTULOS DE LA SERIE CONOCIMIENTO PARA EL DESARROLLO Media and the Information Society Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships ICT for Development Success Stories ICT for Poverty Reduction in Asia GOBERNANZA DE INTERNET ASUNTOS, ACTORES Y BRECHAS Jovan Kurbalija • Eduardo Gelbstein ISBN Number: 99932-53-11-1 Publicado por DiploFoundation y la Sociedad para el Conocimiento Mundial DiploFoundation Malta: 4th Floor, Regional Building Regional Rd. Msida, MSD 13, Malta Switzerland: DiploFoundation Rue de Lausanne 56 CH-1202 Genève 21, Switzerland Dirección de Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Sitio web: http://www.diplomacy.edu Secretaría de la Sociedad para el Conocimiento Mundial (GKP) Level 23, Tower 2, MNI Twins 11, Jalan Pinang 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Dirección de Correo Electrónico: [email protected] Sitio web: http://www.globalknowledge.org Patrocinado por la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación (COSUDE) Editado por Dejan Konstantinović y Steven Slavik Ilustraciones de Zoran Marčetić – Marča Diseño de Portada por Nenad Došen Diagramación y preprensa Aleksandar Nedeljkov Traducción al español por Ana María Piza, Communica Traducciones © Copyright 2005, DiploFoundation ACualquier referencia a productos en particular en el texto de este folleto corresponde meramente a ejemplos y no debe ser considerada como aval o recomendación del producto. CONTENIDO Introducción Evolución de la Gobernanza de Internet .......................... 8 Negociaciones Internacionales y la Gobernanza de Internet ......... 9 ¿A qué se refiere la Gobernanza de Internet? .................... .11 Conjunto de Herramientas para la Gobernanza de Internet ....... 13 Enfoques y Patrones ................................. 15 Principios Rectores ................................... 21 Analogías ........................................... 25 Clasificación de la Gobernanza de Internet ...................... 30 “Edificio en Construcción” .................................... 33 La Canasta de Infraestructura y Estandarización Introducción ............................................... 37 La Infraestructura de Telecomunicaciones ....................... 38 Estándares y Servicios Técnicos (La Infraestructura de Internet) ..... 41 Protocolo para el Control de Transporte / Protocolo de Internet (TCP/IP) . .42 Sistema de Nombres de Dominio (DNS) ......................... 46 Servidor raíz de Dominios .................................... 51 Proveedores de Servicio de Internet (ISPs) ....................... 53 Proveedores de Ancho de Banda para Internet (IBPs) ............. 54 Modelo Económico para la Conectividad en Internet .............. 56 Estándares Web ............................................ 59 Código Abierto ............................................. 60 Convergencia: Internet-Telecomunicaciones-Multimedios .......... 61 Seguridad en Internet ........................................ 63 Codificación ................................................ 67 Correo Electrónico Indeseado ................................. 69 La Canasta Legal Introducción ............................................... 75 Mecanismos Legales ......................................... 76 Legislación .......................................... 76 Normas Sociales (Costumbres) ........................... 77 Autorregulación ...................................... 77 Jurisprudencia ........................................ 78 Regulación Internacional ............................... 78 Jurisdicción ................................................ 80 Arbitraje ................................................... 85 Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual ............................. 87 Marcas Registradas .......................................... 88 Derechos de Autor ........................................... 89 Patentes ................................................... 94 Cibercrimen ................................................ 95 Firmas Digitales ............................................. 97 Legislación Laboral .......................................... 99 Privacidad y Protección de Datos ............................. 101 La Canasta Económica Introducción .............................................. .111 Comercio Electrónico ....................................... .112 Protección del Consumidor .................................. 115 Cargas Fiscales ............................................. .117 Aduanas .................................................. 118 Pagos Electrónicos: Banca Electrónica y Dinero Electrónico ........ 118 La Canasta de Desarrollo Introducción .............................................. 125 La Brecha Digital .......................................... 127 Acceso Universal ........................................... 128 Estrategias para superar La Brecha Digital . 128 Desarrollo de Telecomunicaciones e Infraestructuras para Internet .......................... 129 Apoyo Económico .................................... 129 Aspectos Socioculturales ............................. 130 Política y Regulación de Telecomunicaciones ............ 131 La Canasta Sociocultural Introducción .............................................. 135 Política de Contenido ....................................... 135 Derechos Humanos ......................................... .141 Multiplicidad lingüística y Diversidad Cultural ................... 142 Bien Público Global ........................................ 143 Educación ................................................
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