Oxford Handbook of Emergency Nursing Published and Forthcoming Oxford Handbooks in Nursing

OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Oxford Handbook of Emergency Nursing Published and forthcoming Oxford Handbooks in Nursing Oxford Handbook of Adult Oxford Handbook of Mental Nursing Health Nursing, 2e George Castledine and Ann Close Edited by Patrick Callaghan and Catherine Gamble Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing Oxford Handbook of Midwifery, 2e Edited by Mike Tadman and Dave Janet Medforth, Susan Battersby, Maggie Roberts Evans, Beverley Marsh, and Angela Walker Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing, 2e Oxford Handbook of Edited by Kate Olson Musculoskeletal Nursing Edited by Susan Oliver Oxford Handbook of Children’s and Young People’s Nursing, 2e Oxford Handbook of Neuroscience Edited by Edward Alan Glasper, Gillian Nursing McEwing, and Jim Richardson Edited by Sue Woodward and Catheryne Waterhouse Oxford Handbook of Clinical Skills for Children’s and Young Oxford Handbook of Nursing People’s Nursing Older People Paula Dawson, Louise Cook, Laura-Jane Beverley Tabernacle, Marie Barnes, and Holliday, and Helen Reddy Annette Jinks Oxford Handbook of Clinical Skills Oxford Handbook of Orthopaedic in Adult Nursing and Trauma Nursing Jacqueline Randle, Frank Coffey, and Rebecca Jester, Julie Santy, and Jean Rogers Martyn Bradbury Oxford Handbook of Perioperative Oxford Handbook of Critical Care Practice Nursing Suzanne Hughes and Andy Mardell Sheila Adam and Sue Osborne Oxford Handbook of Prescribing Oxford Handbook of Dental for Nurses and Allied Health Nursing Professionals Elizabeth Boon, Rebecca Parr, Sue Beckwith and Penny Franklin Dayananda Samarawickrama, and Kevin Seymour Oxford Handbook of Primary Care and Community Nursing, 2e Oxford Handbook of Diabetes Edited by Vari Drennan and Claire Nursing Goodman Lorraine Avery and Sue Beckwith Oxford Handbook of Renal Nursing Oxford Handbook of Emergency Edited by Althea Mahon, Karen Jenkins, Nursing, 2e and Lisa Burnapp Edited by Robert Crouch, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood, and Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Paula Bennett Nursing Terry Robinson and Jane Scullion Oxford Handbook of Gastrointestinal Nursing Oxford Handbook of Surgical Edited by Christine Norton, Julia Nursing Williams, Claire Taylor, Annmarie Edited by Alison Smith, Maria Kisiel, and Nunwa, and Kathy Whayman Mark Radford Oxford Handbook of Learning and Oxford Handbook of Women’s Intellectual Disability Nursing Health Nursing Edited by Bob Gates and Owen Barr Edited by Sunanda Gupta, Debra Holloway, and Ali Kubba Oxford Handbook of Emergency Nursing SECOND EDITION Edited by Robert Crouch Consultant Nurse and Honorary Professor of Emergency Care Emergency Department University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and Faculty of Health Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Alan Charters Consultant Nurse Emergency Department Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Hampshire, UK Mary Dawood Consultant Nurse Emergency Directorate, Imperial College NHS Trust and Honorary Lecturer, Imperial College London, UK Paula Bennett Consultant Nurse Emergency Department Stockport NHS Foundation Trust and Honorary Lecturer University of Manchester School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work Manchester, UK 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2017 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2009 Second Edition published in 2017 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942563 ISBN 978–0–19–968886–9 Printed and bound in China by C&C Offset Printing Co., Ltd. Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to- date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breast- feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. This handbook is dedicated to the late Kate O’Hanlon, Sister in Charge, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, for her dedication to serving the people of Northern Ireland and her inspirational leadership of emergency nurses. vi Foreword There is a lot to learn in emergency care! I never managed to get a place- ment in ‘Casualty’ when I was training, so was very shocked when someone on the recruitment panel for my first job thought I would be suited to the emergency department (ED). Twenty- five years later and I am still learning. Unlike other fields of care, pre- registration education prepares clinical staff poorly for emergency care, for the sheer volume and nature of work, for the complexity and often simplicity of the patients’ problems, or for the inter- dependency of the professionals working within it. There is little that can prepare us, other than immersion in the work and a personal com- mitment to continuing development. Every clinical shift or project provides an opportunity to understand better a diagnosis or care process. A simple audit of pain management can enable staff to challenge the quality of care delivered and/ or to enhance patient- centred treatment models. Clinicians in the ED must generate knowledge and skill across every health- care specialty. They are the textbook generalists— experts in the frontline management of any presentation, but also skilled in accessing spe- cialist help. They assess patients, their families, and the situation around them constantly, in order to make sense of their patients’ needs. They must use this skill to ask the right questions, in order to compare and prioritize patients effectively, so that everyone receives treatment which is safe and effective. Increasingly, they practise autonomously across the full spectrum of the patient workload, expanding their scope and impact within the emergency care field. In addition, they must respond quickly to public health emergencies, whilst still being committed to developing their services for the chronic shift in population health needs. Access to applicable and realistic information is essential for care, as patient treatment must be evidence-based for staff to make effective decisions. Information has never been more accessible than it is today, yet there is often a lack of concise and precise data that enable our practitioners to make timely decisions and to learn as they practise. This text makes all the information needed to practise in the ED readily available. It contextualizes care in that setting, and it provides a concise overview of the vast range of presentations and skills needed to practise safely, whilst providing plenty of opportunities for further learning. Wherever you are in the world, you are providing emergency care, and you should keep this handbook within reach. Heather McClelland RGN MSc Nurse Consultant, Emergency Care Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust Editor, International Emergency Nursing vii Preface When we wrote the first edition of this handbook, it was with the primary aim of supporting clinical practice at the bedside or trolley side. We wanted to write a comprehensive, easily accessible text that provided valuable information for every question or query that may arise in the course of a shift. The vast array of clinical presentations in emergency care can be daunting for those new to the specialty. Prioritizing care in a fast- paced environment is a unique skill that has to be underpinned by a sound knowledge base. This handbook covers the whole range of adult and paediatric emergency presentations. Each chapter covers a physiological system and starts with a review of anatomy and physiology (where appropriate). The chapter’s format allows the clinician to quickly review the associated presentations, priorities, and red flags. The final skills chapter details the multitude of clinical skills and procedures encountered in emergency care. This second edition has continued with the primary aim. Now available in digital format (smartphone application), it can support clinical practice in any setting. The provision of emergency

Load more