~be 1Jnbian ~cbool Journal

PUBLISHED EVERY c7r10NTH IN THE INTERESTS OF THE INDIAN SERVICE t"AND PRINTED BY INDIAN APPRENTICES AT THE INDIAN PRINT SHOP. CHlLOCCO, OKLAHOMA

VOLUME SIX FOR SEPTEMBER NUMBER TEN

COXTENTS:

Poem-The ~ran Who Feel~- From SUfft'.t8 9 Frontispiece-An Old-Time Beef I"ue at Rosebud. South Dakota 10 ~remon Pictures of the Cnited Statl" Inclian, rvice 11 Sketches of the Wyandot-- By Bertrand ". O. Walker ~1 A ~iOlL' Indian Fourth By Harry Carlton Green- Illu,trated ~i poliation of the West-From Jla.17"cll'., Tali,tTllan-lllustrated 31 The ~Ieeting at Tacoma-Pacific Coast In,titute Program 35 A Work About Indian, 'ames-B.v A. B. Clark 3; Mr. Frank Conser Promoted 40 ,'otes From herman Institute Correspondence 41 "Oklahoma" ~Ieans "Red People" .J.l "Ln" and Other People 4~ In and Out of the mce 44 The "ell', at Chilocco 46 Official Report of Indian, hool Change- for June and July' 4 51 Educational Department Reminiscence. of Chilocco- By Emma DeK. mith 60 At \\'oundefl Knee-Ross B. Franklin in Sill/day Jlagazil11' 62 64 Indian "ames in Iowa-A Clipping How W"tem Indians Remember Carl:: hurt-From the St. Lolli.t Rtpllblic 65 68 id of the Indian's Way iO "Ln" and Other People il Death of ~Ir. Lewis Y. Ellis

th Ch"loc't'o "<'hoot's printing department. the me- THE hOB' &HnoL JorR'\ \I i.. i..... ued fWID e 1 d' ti I' th boo\' - Printer . ~L_ -·h II under the Irn' nn \ ..;("... . chaIlk'al work III it being done h\- 4udenl-- of U~ "( O( '-"' the \meri- • . nd lut pfthe GO\"ernmt'ot~'ITwe... . THE JUtK'\-"- ha!o> a wide t'in·ulatinn. both 10 a ( can Xew"'paper Diredory for buna-fide drt.'ulatioD. .'.h ld be ddre-..ed to THY- h""Dl.\s , \' t" C mmunJ('3t!on... '" ou :l. ."l.dverli"ing rate- made knflwD on app Il'll IOn. n [' 'I lUll Blbine--" '1ana2't.'r. Hl)C)L JUt..,.u.. S. )1. )llCmf \'\, Editor, or E. n. - I. '. 2 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION Chilocco R.R. Time Table Tht Iraill.! btlo", stop d'lily.

SAXTA ~'E ROUTE.-Station one and one­ half milt:> east of Adminbtration Building-­ Going north: Xo. at 11:5.=) a. W.: XU. W tl\.awCit)'Train at j':0"~ p. m. Going slIulh: Xo. 40; at 9:1~ a. !D.: Xu. IVi at 1l:Q3 a. !D.

FRISOO LlxE-Station known as Cale. uth bound. ,:30 a. ill. and 5:0~ p. !D : north bound. 1~:04 a. !D. and 6:3~ p. !D.

XE\\' ERA ~JlLLIXG CmJPA\y. MaDufa.ctnref>.; of lbe Celebrattd "POLAR BEAR" FLOUR.

ARKAXSA CITY. KAX 'AS

D0ANE & JARVIS Jam maC\\\MT'\) IDa\lo1\s, REMEMBER U l!lU\l\l\es, C,8.TT\8.\leS, J\e\o. Whenever you want HARX ESS 8.1\0. !:?ato.e1\ 5eeo., etc., etc. or a bill of HARDWARE.

109 S. Summit. ..l.RA"A.YS.1SCITY.It:.LY HAMILTON HARDWARE C Geo. L. Beard, Arkansas City, Kans.

~. Guns, Ammunition and Sporting Goods G. S. HarUey. Pre-;. D. Sanders. Casb fIShing bckl, and Athletic Goods. The Citizens State Bank fin< Rcpalring • Spcci.Ily, Arb_ City. Kans. c.pital, Fifty Iho.....d. Folly rli4 ., Your Bu)iD A Home Institution. We licll MILLER'S Missouri Pacific Time Ta~ PH0T0S Arkansas City, Kans. 12:iW p. No. 10 Passenger, de£arts;;. ~ :00 ARE THE BEST. No. 4 local freight, e~r ~ Il';iW .. No. 3 local freight, a.mves-~ 4;(10 p. No. 849 Passenger, arnves~~ ~~~~. at De No. 810 !Dakes close connec·ll~n Pittsb 'tmpire tJteam :f.aundrl(, with fast train for CoffeYV) 'ints on ARKAXSAS CITY. and St. Louis, andJoror'Coffe)"; Iron MountAin route sou Colorado TELEPHOXE so. 2.5. Also with fast express for Pacific Coast points. eDgelS bet" C. N. HL1r::1t. Proprietor. Local freights carry pass Arkansas City and Dexter. AgeJI ONE DOOR NORTH OF GLADSTONE HOTEL, W. A. RUPERT, Mention tile ,JOC~'(4L whenever you wnte our advertiser. THE INDIAN CHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 3 Some Good Indian BOOKS

Glance over the List

Lolami in Tusayan•...... regular price, 5Oc; our price, 35c Lolami, the Cliff Dweller, ..... regular price, 5Oc; our price, 35c The White Canoe, regular price, 1.00; our price, 60c Indian Boyhood,_ regular price, $1.60; our price, $1.00 How to Make Baskets, .....regular price, $1.00; our price, 60c More Baskets and How to Make Them, $1.00; our price, 60c How to Do Bead Work, ..... regular price, $1.00; OUf price, 60c ([, These books are in the regular bindings; they are cheap only in price. ([, Any of the above books will be sent to any address postpaid, upon receipt of the price. ([, This offer is a special one. Compare our prices with the regular book­ sellers' on these good . You should order at once from , The Indian Print Shop ID ID ID U. S. Indian School, Chilocco, Oklahoma ID Genuine avajo Blankets " Books of the Indian Typo~aphers

Mention the Joua...A.L wbenever )"on write our advertl'lers. ------,------

4 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ADVERTISING ::lECTION

aXE OF OCR CALlF'ORXIA TRAINS To CALIFORNIA

THE time for yisiting '"Th,e ,Garden, Spot of the "'or,l~" is near at hand; Cahforllla IS a dehghtful place to \'lSlt 111 the fall and \linter months. There is no railroad that will get you there with greater col1\'eniel1(:e than the SA)(TA FE. aUf '"California Limited" tmin is planned and equipped to gire the tra,'elling public the finest senice possihle. Go SA)(TA FE way

l"d like 10 help plan your trip, TeU me when you wanllogo,and where; ak 00" long you de-ire to remain. Then 1 ('3n tell rOll the lowe:-l priee of the proper tkket.

See

W. W. BURNETT, Santa Fe u4gent, c.Arkansas City, Kansas.

Write for Illustrated Descriptive Books-Free.

M.ention the Joca.~AL 'tThene\"er you write our ad'ferlbers. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 5 "See America First"

CALIFORNIA and PACIFIC COAST

Through Colorado and Utah 'Uia the Denver (8), R.io Grande Railroad "Scenic Line of the World" The entirejourney, Den­ ver to Salt Lake City and Ogden, is through the Rocky Mountains Colorado Springs, Pike's _. ==... Peak, the Royal Gorge, __~ JWv.AL GoRGE ~ ._ - _ :i7zo_' _os".. """,-L.,... Grand Canon of the Ar- ~ o 0 ;; ....- _Dl:NVER A1''D k T P ~~ oJ -Zl?lO} GRA1''Df: ansas, ennessee ass, __ o R.A L R 0 A D Eagle River Canon, Canon -:a.(. -- of the Grand, Glenwood Springs, Castle Gate and Salt Lake City are all located on the main line and can be seen from the car windows, without extra expense for side , trips. Stopo'Vers any'where on the Rio Granae "within transit ana {ina' /lmit, Open-Top Observation Cars, Seats Free Through the Canons During the Summer Months

For illustrated pamphlets and information as to rates, train sen;ce, etc., addr. o' S. K. HOOPER, General Pass. and Ticket Agt. CJ)enver, Colorado.

Mention tbe JOOR..'1AL wben you write our ad.erll... er-. 6 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION The Farmers State Bank cArkansas City, Kansas.

CAPITAL. 550,000. UNDIVIDED PROFITS, 525000.

-DIRECTDRS- Inl. E. OTIS. .r.

For the biggest assortment of FOR DRUGS, BOO K5, Fine Stationery and Lowney's Good Gas Goods Chocolates. at lowest prices O.J LL Al' tJollitt ~ tJWart3, Gilbert-Stul'tz Hdw. Co. .iRA'3XS.!S CITY, K.!XS.!S. Everything in Hardware Arkansas City, Kansas. DR. L. D. MITCHELL, T. E. OLDROYD an.d ...DENTIST... COMPANY, Oppo>ile f>.nnm· SWC 1W1i. in L r. Block. FURNITURE AID UNDERTAKING

Arkansas City, Kansas. L. D. HOD GE

~adger :£umber 'Co. DENTIST, B. W. IlOARDMAN. AfCDl Lumber and Building Material Over Home ational Bank, Estinalcs Cheerfully Given. Arbnsas atr. K>.•• ARKAS. A CITf, K.JS A .

WE SAVE YOU MONEY

On Dr, Goods, Clothing and Shoes. Immense Assortment and the Ver, Lowest Prices. No Trouble to Show Goods.

THE NEWMAN DRY GOODS COMPANY, ARKANSA CITY, KANSAS. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 7 Midland Valley R. R. Co. Arkansas River Route

TI~1E CARD OUTH Bou:n :\ORTH Bou:n D.HLY DAILY Leave; Arkan>as City - i ,30 a. m. Leave; )Iuskogee - :00 a. m. Arrives Hardy - - :-t>" Arri\'es Tuba - - 10:3.> " .. Foraker -- 10:30 .. .. . -elogony - - H,1S p. m. 11 Pawhlbka __ H:30 p. m. " Pawhuska - 1:30 ., " Kelogony -- ~:-?O " .. Foraker -- 3:33 .. " Tulsa -- -kW" " Hardy -- S:lJ " .. l\t uskogee - - 7:Ll.i .. .. Arkan:;as City - 1:00 "

]. F. HOLDEN, T. E. McMEANS, Vice President. Agent, Ft. Smith. Arbnsas Arkansas City. Kans.

NAVAJO NATiVE SADDLE BLANKETS

n T~ E Indian Print hop announce; t~ its patrons .and friends that ~ It has through the efforts of one of Its repre.entables. been fortu­ nate enough to secure a few \'ative :\amjo ddle Blankets-something we hale been out of for some time. These blankets are of the size to fold. and weigh from 2 '. to 5 '. pound., each. The prices range from .50 to ~6.50, according to quality and weale. These blankets are fine ones and we ,u"­ gest that those who have heen enquiring for these blankets. order now. There is nothing to equal them for this lliie. and, of COUI'e, they will wear foreler. They will not Ja.-t 10ng~Order now and tate how to ,hip ======Addr""" ======THE IN DIAN PR ITS HOP, Navajo Blankets and Acoma Pottery, Chiloeco, Okla.

Mention the JOUUAL whenever you write our adverlisen. 8 THE INDIA SCHOOL JOURAL-ADVERTlSING SECTIOX ~~•...... ~ ..., ~ ~ HAVE YOU A GOD? I If~ ~ ~ 1I""HIS is one ~ ~~oorwn I~ ~ gods - that ig, ~ ~ a photo of one ~ ~ of those we are ~ ~ sellmg in our ~ ~ endeavors to ~ ~ aid all worthy ~ ~ Indians to cre- ~ ~ ate a demand ~ ~ for their handi- ~ ~ craft. It is ~ ~ one of those ~ ~ TESUQUE ~ ~ RAINGODS I ~ you have heard ~ ~ so much about. '"'00 ~ They are made ~ ~ by the Indians ~ ~ of Te uque Pu- ~ ~ eblo, • ew Mex- ~ . ~ ico. They are iI ~ odd: made 6 to '"'~

I c inches tall, in ~I ~I'eral co Iors and decorations ~ We get from 35 ~ to 50c each for ~ I them. They are I d5Ocm~ ~ ~ (LSend for one ~ I THE INDIAN PRINT SHOP ~ PAIlT OF THE U. S. INDIAN SCHOOL AT QllLOCCO, OKLA ~ ~~~~••~.

VOLUME SIX FOR SEPTEMBER NUMBER TEN

ME~lORY PICTURES OF THE U. S. I DIAL) ER\'ICE

By S. M. MCCOWAN

s ONE grows older and the waistband the lowest to one of the highest positions in lengthens memory retrieves more and the service. A more from the thickets of the past. Employed as Agency Clerk at Rosebud The land of Long Ago seems nearer as the Agency, S. D., 1 to 1889, six years, and road grows longer and the mind loves to go as Agent in charge of said Agency from 1889 bark and dig up rare bits buried there and to 1 96. seven years, when appointed In­ almo.t forgotten. spector. I entered the Service in 1 at Rose· Appointed Agent at Rosebud Agency in 1 bud, South Dakota. J. Goo. Wright, now by President Harrison . ecretary Noble­ Inspector in charge of Indian affairs in Indian on recommendation of Sioux Commision, Territory, had just taken possession ofagency comprising General George Cook. Major affairs, relie\;ng agent- \\"ho had succt'eded William Warner. of .Ii 'souri, and Honorable in his short term of three y~ars in accumulat­ Charles Foster. of Ohio. ing a fine assortment of enemies. He left in Reappointed Agent in 1 193 by President a hurry unheralded, giving no previous notice Cleveland-Secretary Hoke 'mith-endorsed of the exact time of departure. by Indian Rights AlL"",iation, which procured El'en then Mr. Wright was considered an letters from all army officers and other per­ old employee. having served several years, sons who had viSIted the Agency, and which while his father was agent, in various capaci­ are on file in the Department. ties from farmer to clerk. Mr Wright was Rosebud and Pine Ridge Sioux Agencies, (and is) tall, lean and clean looking; a 1';00<1 Dakota, join and are practically of equal business man, an extremely hard worker, a size. These, with Standing Rock Agency, strict disciplinarian, hone:;t and honQrahle. were then considered the most important A~encies He had the best intere.ts of the Indians at and respon::)ible in the service. heart, and tried by every means in his power During seven years' services as Agent at Roo;ebud. at least eil';ht chanl';es were made mduce them to abandon the wild life. to leave the \-iIIages for settlement on good at Pine Ridge. James G. Wright ffather of farms along creek bottoms. It was essential, J. Goo. W. 'erved as al';ent at Rosebud Agency from 1 .:! to 1 Ni-adminstration in his opinion. to break up tribal relations. to stronglyendol:5ed by Indian RigHs .A~socia­ regate clans, and to this end he sought to teach the dignity and importance of tbe indio tlOn. In 1 __, at tbe time of the appointment of vidual and the famill'. For the benefit of'those who state in their Jame, G. Wright as Al';ent, all Indians at t~pees frenzy that there is no chance for promotion Rosebud lived in in the immediate vi­ in the Indian service, I give in chronological cinity of the Agenc} I spending time in idle­ order a concise history of his progress from ness, and no schools were established. In 12 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

1896. when Agent J. Goo. Wright left the Agency, practically aU the Indians bad been located on allotmemo, 23 day schools were in successfull operatioo no built by Wright Sr., and 13 by Wrigb JrJ. acknowledged to be among the be t in the senice. and contract made for boarding school thus providing for all the children on the reservation, about 1250; also b)' Wright Jr. snb-issue stations and slaughter houses were boilt in different parts of the reservation. issne of beef changed from hoof to block. and many other reforms inaugurated. Durmg snch service at the Agen~y no charge was eyer made against in­ tegrity or personal conduct. Management and results accompl;;hed endorsed by visiting officials and others. mcluding the Com­ missioner of Indian ..\ffairs. Appointed lru;pe

In August If!!! , assigned, undtr protest, standards of living, treated all fairly and by Secretary Bliss, to duty in Indian Ter­ alike, and erased from the slate the Terri· ritory, service required being most perplex­ tory's nasty record of shame and infamy. ing and exacting. He might have made millions during his In the annual report of the commissioner long life of authority over the fi

boarding schools then were the St Francis the figure of a man. It was the missionary, (Catholic), and the St. ~Iarys IEpi-ropal). Cross. I went ~dck then. and all desire for My duties kept me on the "l(o" mo,t of the hunting vanished. I never told this might· time and often late at night. One night I have-been tragedy to him. nor to anyone came to the Rosehud crnssing th~re were no at Rosebud, and the first knowledl(e an)· of bridges anywhere then -and started m"eT the them "ill have of the incident will be when ice-encrusted stream. It was about six times they read of it here. I never wanted to hunt its ordinary width owing to recent rain~. at night again. After the rains it had turned col,1. I did not 'peaking of hunting the years bring chari­ know how solid the ice was, and it was so dark ty as well as wisdom, and there is no charity I could not investigate. When we reached in wantonly killinK any of God's creatures. the middle of the strEam the ice broke and Huntinl( for the sake of killing has lost its down we went into six feet of ice water. I charm for me. I would rather protect than stood up in the wagon and yelled at the ponies destroy, heal than hurt, save than kill. There and they reared on their hind legs ~nurting is no pleasure in causing pain to any living and pawing. I was badly frightened and the thing. •'ow abideth faith, hope and chari­ water was bitterly cold. The ponies I drove tr, but the great.st of these is charity. That were wild, running awa~' with me "henever man is to be feared and shunned in whose they wanted to, and this night I was glad of heart these graces lie dead. Our beloved their devilish wildness for they reared and Lincoln touched the keynote of life's fullness plunged, break inK the ice in front (If them when he uttered his immortal words: "With with terrfiic strokb of their fon-feet, until malice towards !!one. with charity for all." I they drew me out on the opposite hank, a would like to see every man swap his gun wetter but wiser being. for a kodac, and hunt with these only.

One of our pastimes was hunting wolves In 1889 the great Sioux natIOn sat upon the by moonlight. In the winter season they be­ fence between the wild life and ch'i1ization, came bold and often dangerous. I was com­ unable to decide on whIch side to alight. ing home one night about midnight and was The women sat stubbornly on the ground on followed for several miles by a pack. One the :::.ide farthest removed from ours, and of the missionaries. Mr. Cross. delighted in only occasionally would one of the younger nightly hunts for these silent prowlers. One of the sex approach close enough to the fence night several of the employees organized for to peer between the rails. The Indian wom­ a hunt and started about 10 o'clock. We en have invairably been on the side of the soon separated. I went dO\\'n the Rosebud medicine men, which is to say the ultra con­ aad after a mile or so stood for twenty min­ servative side. They have strenuously op­ utes perfectly still hoping to see a moving po:ed the encroachments of the white man's wolf-form on the bluff some ~ yanb away. ways, notwithstanding the white man's eth­ At last patience was :,~warded. I raised my ical notions concerning his gentle partner. The gun and aimed deliberately. I had plenty of united voice of the women of nearly every time, I knew, for the wolf could not see me from time immemorial has been raised while it stood out in fair relief. My gun was in favor of war. They have been the cruel­ a big 44 Springfield. borrowed for the occa­ est in maltreating prisoners, and have shown sion. There was snow on the ground The no pity for sufferinK. Their tear-wells are moon was not bright at the time, as thin shallow and quickly dried. They would urge clouds, like a bridal vail, floated across their men to war by taun ts of cowardice, tbe sky. As my finger pressed the trigger then, when riderless Ixmies came galloping something-I know not what -bade me pause. home they would howl like -she-wolves for I dropped the gun to the hollow of my left their mates, and-take another one. arm and strained my eyes at the critter on There wa:; one band of irreconcilable ­ the bluff above. Yes! I was sure now. It nicknamed coffee-coolers-that made all the was a wolf alright, and again raised my gun. trouble for the agent that it dare. The vil­ took careful aim, and again somet ing told lian. Crow Dog. and tbe equally villlianous me to wait. I assured my~df after the clos­ Two 'trikes, were the leaders of the hand. est scrutiny that there was no mistake, and IC truuble occurred anywhere it would be a for the third time pres,ed the trigger. As I safe bet that it had its origin within the con­ did so the wolf elungated itself and became fines of tbis coffee-cooler village. 16 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

During the winter of 1890 the Government called together his most trusty policemen and attempted to take a census of the Sioux na­ ordered them to go out to the defiant village tion. These coffee-coolers determined to re­ and bring the leaders dead or alive. The s;"t, and spread the report that a count was police came back in a few hours with a doz­ wanted in order to reduce rations and sup­ en leaders uuder arrest and a mob of angry plies. The Indians of reasoning mind were young bucks following threateningly in the soon convinced that there was no foundation rear. for such rumor and cheerfully allowed them­ Right here [ want to pal' tribute to the ex­ selves to be counted. The coffee-coolers were cellence of the Sioux police. There never the last to Le reached and to the surprise of lived braver men, nor men who regard their aU they submitted without a protest. When oaths of office more sacredly. Instances are the count was given to Major Wright his rare where anyone of them failed to perform face lighle'1 up with one of those inscrutable in good faith an allotted task. Despite an­ smiles, as he asked Mr. Census-taker how he gry protests of kindred, regardless of tribal conduoled the count. taunts and ridicule, they invariably obeyed "In the usual manner," replied the coun­ orders and acquitted themselves creditably. ter, llby entering every house and enumerat­ The calfee-cooler leaders were brought into ing every person in the house." the clerk's office to listen to a lecture bl' the "Hum!" breathed the Major, his fine eyes Inspector who had dropped in a few days pre­ twinkling, "Did l'OU have a guard at every viously. All wore their blankets held tightly door?" around their bodies, and the rumor went fiNo, of course not. " exclaimed the irritated around that they were anned and meant census man. mischief. Major Wright quietly ordered his HOf course you made no mistake." said the trusty officer. Good Shield, to bring in a lot Major gently. "Yet the rate of increase in of his men and station them where they could some of these families is startling, to say the command the situation. This order was ex­ least. Nothing like such a birth rate has ecuted and the large room was filled with ever Leen known to the me

ful hate and grim fury. Eyelids contracted to good is of God and God's ~ifts are immortal: slits thru which thin lines of black ragegleam· that rises proudly above carping criticism of ed and glittered. shifting ceaselessll": for a anotht.>r's acts; that judges not at all because to moment. boring malignantly thru the Major, judge wi~ely all sioe' must be known and it leaping to the Inspector. racing to me. gal­ i:-l irnp4.ssible for human ken to perceive of loping around the sef!ment of the circle of mQrt::s; that is broader than orthod(,xy and policemen that could be covered without mo\'­ sweeter than the dope ser\"ed by the self­ ing the head. crowned holier- than-thou fanatic. Slight movements of hands uodor the blan­ In dealing with primith'e man we deal kets excited the imagination to uncanny be­ in elements- but elements of God's truth. liefs. The true Chri -tian mi:-sionary endeavors to Once more the In~pectur put the question, crystalize the:e element:-l, or instincts, into • and this time the answer came. the faith that is the foundation of character, With a yell that curdled the blood and par­ causing fide-lity to one's promised word, al­ alized the nerves the leader of the prisoners legiance to duty and loyalty to con~lenc(>, leaped to his feet and tossed aside his blanket In a WON he trit's ::.imply to cultivate and revealing a physique magnificently propor­ cause to flower and to fruit the seeds of vir· tioned, the muscles tense and bulging, the tue the Creator plants in the soul of every right arm held high and in the clenched fin­ human being. gers a knife that seemed to sizzle with red­ In the proce:o;s of culti\"ation he takes hot lust for blood. Almost before the eyes into account heredity pre--natal infln· could note the impressions above set down, the ences, and environment, or the forces that other prisoners as:mmed similar heroic and influence the growth of the living organism. demoniac attitudes, and instantly there was He recognizes, loo, the indiddual or species, pandemonium. The leader laid violent hands and does not, therefore, strive to run every upon the Inspector. but was caught in the man through the same crucible. arms of a stalwart policeman ere he could There were many successful day·school hurt. It was the same e"ery where. Each teachers on the Rosebud in 1ll89. not all edu­ prisoner had selected his man and the instant cated teachers, either, but all full of sweet • the signal was given he leaped upon his vic­ charity and zeal. They got right down to the tim but the alert policemen were quick too, simple unden;tanding of thpir constituents, and the trouble which promised to be a and i< d them out of the land of bondage. sanguinary affair ended in a hard tussel be­ One of the best of these was a gentleman ~Iaine. tween Indians. The wrestJin~ match con­ from He had left a position paying tinued for some minutes before the police 1'-,00 per year to take charge of a day school at $9<1(J. This ..emed strange and we all could overpower the ruffians. Many of the police drpw their revoh'ers, but no shot was wondered and felt that there must be a rea­ son. and the goody-goody ones who knew it all fired - the officers of the law showing great and conducted the agency news·factory cir­ forbearance in this regard. In five minutes culated all surts of rurnot'ti to the detriment perhaps the prisoners were disarmed and quiet though sullen and hateful. When they of the newcomer.-. We started out to the school they were were again asked if they would consent t be to conduct on ThanhgivinK morning'. The counted properly they replied in the affirma­ ~",und W3..__ frozen and icy and the cold wind tive and they gave no more trouble to the census taker. biting ma·f. There were five of us,. in the If Major Wright had been a weak agent carriage besides a lot of baggage. As we this small blaze might e""ily have de\"eloped drove out of the I(ate of the stockade [ felt into a terrible conflagration. premonitions of db.aster. When we reached the top of the lunl( I(rade back of De Bell's Every successful teacher in the Indian Ser­ store 1 stopped and asked ~Ir. and Mrs.-­ \'ice is a true mi~ionary. ~uccess cannot and their two children to get out and walk to come to one who does not PO,:,..."fSS that kind the bottom of the hill. This they did and I of missionary spirit. I want it strictly un­ starteddown alone. We had just fairly started derstood that I mean by tMle 11Iis$iol ary again when my ponies decided to run away. spirit that best of God's gifts-a mindfull of I came back on the lines \\ith all my strength that charity that rccORJlizes the good in every and succeeded in breaking one of them. Then li\"ing thing: that belie\"es in the daily and I threw all my weight on the other line break­ everlasting triumph of good O\'er e,il because inl( it. By this time the team was under full 18 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL headway and I was not comfortable. Believ­ And so they came to Rosebud. ing discretion to be the better part of valor And how she suffered! Poor woman' My under the circumstances I stepped over the heart bled for her-and for him. I could see dashboard onto the rump of the lagging pony the loneliness eating into her very soul-the and jumped to the ground. When the outfit loneliness of the wide spreading plains, tree­ reached the bottom there was a wreck. but less, bare, uninviting, stretching away. away, as no person was hurt we were thankful. away into illimitable space. into the Un­ Procuring another rig we started again and known, the land of the Beyond. reached the school without further mishap. And nne day I saw her down by the creek I think I never saw a more pitiful or pa­ as I was driving home. She lay prone, her thetic family than the little one assembled slender form shaking with sobs she could not in the living room of the school building when control. I stopped and waited, with averted I returned from caring for the team. eyes, for I was on holy ground. Mrs.-wasa beautiful woman, about thirty, After a long time she came to me, after educated and refined. As I entered she was glancing furtively around; came to me with clinging to her husband in a perfect paroxism tears streaming down her face, and handed of grief, sobbing in the heart-breaking aban­ me some money. don of a lost peri. The children, a boy and a "Take it," she said, pleadingly, "take it girl, were clinging to the mother' skirt cry­ and bring me some whiskey. 0' I just can­ ing in pure sympathy, while the father, with not bear this any longer. I must have liquor, a face like despair, and a voice of woeful whiskey, beer, anything-anything that will emotion endeavored to soothe and cbeer. quench this fearful craving, and deaden this I made it my business to call on them in a awful feeling of desolation. I'm afraid, O! few days and found tbem more cheerful. They I'm afraid to stay here. Its a living dealb, had started the school and were full of won­ eating into my soul, grawing like rats on a der of the new work. There is no vocation corpse. 01 I'm afraid-mortally afraid." to compare with the farming of mind, no soil And her voice trailed off into a wail of agony so prolific in forcing up new plants lurking in and she sbivered with the cbtU of great its dark places-and all so rich and rare and dread. surprising. Their interest continued and in­ And when I refused the money and began creased and after a few weeks their good in­ a courteous "rotest she clasped my hand in fiuence began to reach out into the family both of her hot, trembling ones, while her face went gray and her eyes grew big, and life of the village and they became powerful he said: "O! you don't know, you don't un· factors in leading into the borders of civi­ lization tbe old Indians. derstand, you can't understand. But I must have it. Do you hear? I say I mllst have ,to It was a long time before I learned their I'll go crazy. I'll kill myself. I can't bp.ar It true reason for leaving the old home ' h I"'e but after awhile-perhaps because there w~ any longer. I've tried, 0, G.00 ow tried. But its no use." Then firmly, "Get no one else to talk to-I was admitted into it for me. If you don't I'll kill my husband, the confidence chamber and shown the fan,­ ily skeleton. my babes and myself. Do you hear? And Oh'thJS You'll be the murderer, not me. . It seemed that Mrs.--had been critical­ awful craving! And at night in the tWJlg.T ht ly ill after the birth of the last baby and for those horrid plains come close and put lbelt a long time lay convalescent. As a tonic she arms around me and hug me, crush me t,ght was given beer and other liquors. In time tbe till morning. And-and-." t insidious spiritous witch worked its magic art It was awful. I felt that Jesus was nO and created an appetite that demanded more . ht' Geth­ the only one who had passed a rug lD and more until the poor woman craved liquo little we semane. And I thought, too, hOW d with tbe desire that could not be controlled br know of the tradgedies in the 1·,ves aroUD us· will. Her friends saw tbe danger then, but i~ Once agam..she tried to brl'be me, and lben was too late. She would have her fiery drink she grew stronger and after awh,e'l she con­ and demanded and consumed it in greater , ted her quered, and the devil that had temp quantiti.es. On several occasions sbe drank fled and she found peace. re herself mto drunkenness. No longer able to But not all the teachers at Rosebud we control her desire and appreciating her dan­ h ht the sum good. Some there were who t oug rtlle ger, she begged her husband to take her of their duties consisted of domg sas ;hey clear away from the cruel temptation. as possible and drawing theIr check. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 19

tried to bluff the Government and God with And the nakes are socialists and exemplify an empty hand. some of the fundamental ideas. Near the old When the day schools were first started it Hickory Ground, the headquarters for all was difficult to get the children to attend. Snake meetings of the Creek and Seminole Varous expedients were tried. and then it was nations. there is a farm that is tilled by the decided to bribe by offering a mid-dav meal. nakes in common, and every cent of income This scheme was uccessful. The m~al was derived from this farm goes to perpetuating £imple. consisting of coffee, beans or meat, the ideas of the Snakes and assisting in their bread or hard-tack, but it was the bait fight for their old tribal independence. Tbere that won the restless redskins from day-long are a number of these farms-in fact one in frolic to the white man's school. nearly every Snake settlement. The labor on I read a story about a .Ietbodist divine the farm is all donated and the proceeds are who, while leaning over a bridge-railing, net. The weakness of the Snakes is apparent dropped bi, teeth into the laughing water be­ in their failing financial strength. Formerly low. In vain he tried to recover them until there were among their numbers several who he baited a fish hook with the breast of a fat were wealthy. for Indians, and these gave spring chicken. When he lowered this tempt­ liberally of tbeir funds to support delegations ing bait into the water the teeth leaped to Washington and for any other purpose for from their lurking place and fastened them­ which it was needed. The wealth is disap­ selv~s upon it so tenaciously from mere force pearing now. There is one instance where an of habit that the preacher drew them forth Indian living near Sapulpa gave $200 for the in triumph. Snake cause and then went ftat broke. The Moral: All things may be accomplished if assertions of Crazy Snake of his successes we use the right kind of bait. has, however, brought back to the Snakes many followers who were giving up all bope. SOIllHHIN& Of THE SNAKE INDIANS. They believe that the recent congressional legislation was recoRnition of their claims. Fr"m the D jly Oklabumao. The Snakes will always be Snakes. They Tbe Snake Indians of the five civilized tribes will not take any part in any kind ofa govern­ have taken on renewed hope and activity dur­ ment of the white man. It is confidently as­ ing the past few weeks. Hot Cun bas been serted by men who have recently been among installed as the principal chief of the Creek them, that it will be at least five years before Snakes and Crazy Snake is the war chief. Cra­ anyone will be able to get the Snakes to vote zy claims that it was his efforts in Washing­ in state or elections. ton that got the tribal governments continued In the Creek nation there are forty-eight for another year, and that he will be able to distinct Indian to\\ilS or clans. Some Snakes keep this up perpetually. He also claims tbat can be found irl each one of these. There are it was the nakes wbo got tbe restriction factions among the oakes as among white preventing the full-bloods from selling tbelr politicians. There are two factions in the lands lor twenty-five years through Congress. Creek Snakes, another composed of the Semi­ And the Snakes believe him. nole nak..., two in the Choctaw nakes and The 'nake Indians is a misunderstood clan. everal minfJr ones in the Cherokee nakes, As the name would indicate a cunning and usually known as Night Hawks. But all ,;cious tribe of ,,;Id Indians, theoutside world these are embraced in a federation with a has accepted that idea of these Indians. It common purpose and frequently there are meetings of representatives of each clan in is not true. The Snake Indians are those aII the nations. This is usually a three or who cling with greater tenacit.r to their form four days' meeting. of government and customs and habi . than •'ot long ago tbere was a Snake meeting the remainder of the tribes. They are not at Hickory Grounds, and there was present a negro who bad recently joined the nakes, wild. neither are they thieves or robbe.... but prior to that time had taken allotment Some of them are well educated. One of them and sold all hi land except tbe homestead. recently wrote a check, which I saw, which During the meeting an old Indian arose and was as beautiful a specimen of penmanship pointing his finger at the negro told the people as I ever saw And tbat check was good at that it was such as he that had cau ed tbe half a dozen banks. The nakes bave a great­ power of tbe Snakes to slip away and pre­ er patriotism for their native country than vented them from regaining their beloved other Indians and thus their fierce resistance government. So scathing was his speecb that against wiping out their last semblance of the negro got up and went off to a hidden national life, place and tried to commit suicide. H W INolANH LIVF. A MAlll('OI'A (AHIZONA) L)Wl-;LLING. SKETCHES OF THE v\ YA TDOTS

By BERTRAND N. O. WALKER

~~~~HAT which was ad­ day to celebrate. This was done and vertised as the An­ for many years, until that time came nual Gre e n-corn when few of the tribe were left to Dance and Re-un­ take any interest in such matters ion of the Wyandot, and civilization and progre shad Seneca, Shawnee, well-nigh obliterated ancient customs Ottawa. Peoria, and ceremonie, this day wa held Miami, )Iodoc, and as a feast day and the people of the Quapaw tribes of tribe grathered at some appointed the Q'Japaw Agen­ place. It has been years since uch cy, Indian Territory, was recently held a meeting has been held by the near the little town of Wyandot, in Wyandots; but the business men of the Wyandot Reservation, Quapaw the little town situated on the Frisco Agency, I. T. Railroad, which bears the name of Occurring as it did, only a little the tribe, several years since decided earlier than the date on which the to choose this time of the year to hold Wyandots of long ago always held an annual carnival, known as the their Green-corn Feast, it recalls to Green-corn Feast and re-union of the the menory of a few older members of varions tribes of the Agency. It the tribe many remniscenes of days does afford the means of a pleasant long past. reunion of friends and acquaintances For ages before the coming Qf the and has invariably possessed less of white man to this continent. it was a the obj ectionable features than us­ custom of the Wyandots, and of other ually attend such gatherings, A few tribes, to hold a fea,t at thi~ season of of the old time dances and games are the year, when certain of their reli­ still indulged in by members of the gious ceremonies were enacted and several tribes of the Ag-ency; but the thanksgiving wa offered to the great greater part of the time is gil'en Spirit for bountiful crops and other over to swinging on the merry-go­ blessings, It became designated a round; viewing the shows of an Am­ the Green-corn Feast because in the u ement Company: bu}ing red lem­ region in whi~h they then lh'ed, just onade, striped candy, rubber return­ at this time of the year the green­ ball, and various other petty, catch­ corn was at thatstage ofdevelopment penny devices of civilized ingenuity: in which it is be t to be eaten. Lat­ paying a dime or a quarter to hold a er, when the Jesuit Fathers came a­ wooden paddle with a number on it, mong them and gave them their first which last is much like 'holding the ideas of civilization and its religion, sack' on a nipe hunt; and 'biting' at one of these Blackrobes, as they were the numerous other 'grafts' of the designated, who spent the greater present day fakir. part of his life among the Wyandot The Wyandots, traditional Keepers villages sugg-ested to them that they of the The Council-Fire, alway held choose the 15th day of August, the as a tribe among the other tribes a Feast of the Assumqtion, as the position of great honor and respect, 22 THE INDL4..."1 SCHOOL JOURNAL by reason of their widsom in council before their removal west in 18tl. and their integrity. Moreover, the The Wyandots when they removed recorded history of their white broth­ to Kansas were far from being an un­ ers during the settlement of the states civilized people. Among them lI'ere of the Eastern Mississippi Valley, many families of education, intelli­ corroborates these traditional attri­ gence and refinement. They lI'ere butes, and mentions the Wyandots as one of the first of the tribes of the the bravest, the most humane and new world who listened to and ac­ honorable among the tribes. cepted the teachings of tne Jesuit The Band in the Indian Territory Fathers during the beginnings of the now numbers more than three hun­ French settlements in Canada, dred members of varying degrees of Doubtle ' it was the result of these Indian blood; while of the Absentees early teachings thatfostered and sus­ residing in Kansas and elsewhere, tained the reputation they bore as a there are perhaps more than two hun­ tribe through all the dark and cruel dred. years that followed. After the war I was talking recently with several of 1782 the greater number of the of the older members of the tribes, tribe chose to become American sub­ when one of them remarked that him­ jects and removed to the Ohio coun­ self and a friend had lately been try. A few however, prefered to re­ counting those who were still living main in Canada, along the Detroit of the seven hundred and forty who River, with the priveledge of re­ were removed from Upper Sandusky, joining the tribe later if they wish­ Ohio, to Kansas Territory in 1843. ed to do so. Of this band which then comprised Under the teachings of Methodist nearly the whole of the Wyandot missionaries in Ohio, the Wyandots tribe, there remains but few. Living as a people progressed and prosper­ in the Indian Territory of these sur­ ed. When they removed to Kansas in viving members are John Barnett, 1843, theY' brought with them a con­ Allen Johnson, James Splitlog, Silas stitutional form of civil government Armstrong, and Isaac R. Zane; Smith which was oon put in operation after Nicoles and James Armstrong now their settlement in what is noll' residing in the Seneca Reserve, were Kansas city, Kansas. This was un­ also of the Ohio emigrants, as were doubtedly the first government un?er Mary Mush, Jane Sarahas, Sr., Mary a constitution in that territory which Walker, Lucy Winny, and Caroline afterwards became the state of Kan­ Lofland. Of those residing elsewhere sas. are Mrs. Tabitha Thomas and Mrs. In talking with several of the sur­ E. H. Bettson of Kansas City, Kansas, vivors of the original Ohio band, I Mary McKee, Canada, Margaret and have gathered some remeniscences of Thompson Brown of Russell Creek the trip to "Missouri" as they then Nation, wi t h Pete I' Bearski~ called it. m Michigan when last heard from, My mother the only living member , d t I- and. Ja~e Sarahas, Jr., lhing in of those who came from Cana a. el, e Cahforma. These with Mrs. Cather­ me that at the time the treaty for th. l ine Dawson of Yellow Springs, Ohio, removal out west was ratl'f'Ied, a de 1­ . 't d the are doubtless the only living mem­ gation of the Ohio band VlSI e bers of the tribe that resided in Ohio Wyandots m.Canada an d urged them THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL to come to Ohio and remove with their membered before they reached the people out west. Four families de­ Mississippi was at some point on the cided to do this. Of one of these Kentucky shore. where a party of families she, then a girl of thirteen. them wenta hore and paid a visit to an was a member. One of the other unusually tall man. a merchant who families was Splitlog and hi son. kept a store. The tallest young man Mathew Splitlog, who in recent years in their party, wearing a stove-pipe is known as the Millionaire Indian. hat. could readily ,tand erect under They traveled by boat from Detroit to the outstretched arms of the giant. some port on the Ohio lake hore. Westport landing, the destination from which point m6ther remembers of the band i-recalled as a natural her first ride on a railroad, the rails rock landing, just above which was a of which were made of wood. bench of land wheron was unloaded Late in June. 1843 the Wyandot the good and household effects of . left Upper Sandusky, en route for the travelers: the background for this Cincinnati, traveling in covered wag­ being immense yellow-gray bluffs ons driven by teamsters. A wagon­ covered with great forest trees. Two master on horseback was in charge of buildinl!S. a large warehouse of rough a certain number of wagons, the logs and a small store were the only whole train being in charge of Col. ones in sight; and to many of the McIlvaine, the Indian Agent. War­ band the outlook was anything but pole, one of the chiefs rode in his cheering. own carriage in the wagon train, and The purchase of lands from the a party of younger men started over­ Delewares in Kansas not having yet land to the western territory, driving been completed, within a few days a herd of horses and ponies, among after the landing a camp-ground was which lot was a young mare brought chosen on the Government Reservation by Splitlog from Canada. It may be lying between the ~lissouri and Kan­ interesting to note that at the pres­ sas Rivers, Each family was provid­ ent day, a team of pretty pOnies, de­ ed with a tent, and a few erected scendants of thi Canada mare of temporary shelters during the camp­ Splitlog's are owned and driven by a ing period. several families secured citizen of a pretty little town in hou es at Westport. but the greater Southwest Missouri, on the border of number were encamped in the place the Territory. chosen during almo t the entire The wagon-train reached Cincinnati winter. where several days were spent wait­ Thi first winter pent in their new ing for the two river steamers. ''The home was far milder than any they Nodaway" and "The Republican" to had ever known: the weather was be laden. A party of young people moderate with no now. Notwith- took advantage of this delay. and tanding this seeming benevolence of viewed the objects of interest in and nature, quite a number of young children and everal older persons around the city. The final embarkment was sadden­ sickened and died. Among the lat ed by the death on the boat. of an old tel'. was the oldest man of the tribe. lady of the party: and that of a the last of the old Wyandots. and the young man who fell from the wharf Keeper and Reader of the historic and was drowned. The only stop re- wampum belts of the tribe. There THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

was something extremely pathetic in of the tribe. He was a man of mark­ his death. from the fact that he was ed characteristics and broad intelli­ strongly opposed personally, to remov­ gence, and was greatly respected by ing to the west, and begged to be his people. He was of Wyandot and allowed to remain and

A GU(')lll' OF 8.H.HIX (HOHI::'Hll» INnlANH By Till': .rOUIC.NAI~ CAMI;;ltA A SIOCX LTDIA" T FOCRTH

By HARRY CARLTO.· GREEN

NE of the most pictur­ mercialism in an eastern metropolis. O e que and intere-ting hut upon the unbroken sod of prairie. of spectacle now urrounded by the hill and wooded to be seen among creeks in all their nati\'e wildne s. the famous Lacota the participant· the natiYe sons and (Sioux)tribe is their daughters of America. in the full celebration 0 f the glory of their untutored element. Fourth 0 f J uI y. We dropped o\'er the hills. down the Among the many prairies and acros the Medicine Root phases of cidliza­ creek into Kyle, . D., the ancestral tion which these camp ground of the red men. We ar­ Indians haye adopt­ rived just as the parade was forming. ed, may be mentioned the observance The tepees were arranged in a large of our holidays, or as has been remark­ circle about a mile in diameter, In ed, rest days. These people haye tak­ the enclo ure of this circle were the en advantage of the liberty and li­ scenes of the festivites. The line of cense offered by the white man' holi­ march was around the inside border days, to combine their forms of cele­ of this circle of teepees. At intervals brations, of native feasts, games. and the stars and stripes were unfurled to merry making with those of their the breezes. white brother. Indian rites and cus­ The parade was led by Chief Ameri­ toms, which are supposed to retard can Horse. dressed in his war bonnet civilization. and are therefore di our­ of eagle feathers and plumes, beaded aged, are suffered by indulgent offic­ jacket and other war gear. The war ials on days when the white man gi\'e cries in Lacota, the beating of drum . expre sion to pent up enthusiasm. the tinkling of bells. the whistles. cat Hence the Indian diYerts to his natiY­ calls and "How-oo how-oo how-oo how­ ity on our great national birthday. 00" of all the native . formed a per­ After a drive of forty miles (balf of fect bedlam equaled only by the confus­ which was taken the e\'ening before) ion of tongues along the Pike in t. we arrived at the cene of the glorious Louis or the Portland Trail. Following Fourth. A we mounted the summit the chief came the \lther bra\'es in of the pine-clad ridges. in the early war bonnets. with porcupine and dawn. we beheld the long lines or cir­ beaded saddle- and bridles. bright cles of tent and tepees (old -tyle colored Na\'ajo saddle blankets. with wigwams) in a \'alley at a distance of horse:; mane'. tails. and fetlock gaud­ fifteen miles beyond, In the misty ily decorated with flags. ribbons and blue, forty miles away, arose the crim on feather". sheer gray and white walls, pointed Riderle:;:; hor e richly caparisoned peaks. and minarets of the Bad Lands, with beaded saddle, blanket and Here was a magnificent background bridles. led by cowboys and Indians, and scene setting for the spectacle indicated that they were the prizes to about to be enacted, not under Buffalo be dispo ed of later in the day. Indi­ Bill's canvas. amid the din of com- an girl rode astride. dressed in 28 THE INDIAN SeHe OL JOURNAL .. bright colored garments. some in co t­ panied by ligorou beating of the Il' beaded dresses and moccasins. "ag­ drum, the incantation began. One ~n loads of ancient with by one they arose and commenced the striped faces, wr<1pped in I'ari-colored Omaha, or the war dance. Squall' blankets. made the air hideous with joined the ceremony and bedlam again their wails and trills, and other weird reigned supreme. The dance is an in­ incantations. Small bol' astride their dividual affair, each participant per­ ponies. decked in huge war bonnets forming in a sort of hop or skip. As and with painted faces. gave one the each one became exhausted under the impression of a future generation of weight of bead and feather ornaments warriors instead of farmer and stock someone else arose to take the racant growers. place. An old chief pa sed around At the close of thi grand review, nudging a brave with hi knee. and which numbered, including spectators, the brave either joined in the dance or some three thousand people. the crowd reliel'ed one of the tom-tom beaters. scattered to their various camping After the close of thi first act of places. This brief rest gave an op­ the performance, the master of cere­ portunity to view the camp life of the monies arose. Dressed in a blue and red men in all their native element. striped blanket. with collar of beal! Large wigwams. decorated with bead work and porcupine head band. face and porcupine work. the door hung brilliant red, and beaded regalia, he with huge eagles, were to be given began his instructions in Lacota to away to friends. the audience, Each section of the \\'hich leads us to the next act on circle 'vas represented by a head man the program. Our attention was next who looked after the interest of those directed to a space in the center of in hi section. Horses were led in the the large circle of tent~. Here we ring or court. ridden by small boys erected a leafy bower. constructed by and girls dre sed in war bonnets, two circles of poles, the inner circle beaded jackets and velvet trousers, about fifteen feet smaller than the and dres es covered with shells and outer row. These two rows or circles elk teeth. In some cases the horse' of poles were cOI'ered with boughs and were painted in stripes and other f~n­ leaves forming a shade around an in­ tastic Indian de igns. The IndIan ner court about a hundred feet in di­ speaker, or chief. called out in Lacota ameter. Soon after the parade the to whom each horse wa to be glwn, people, both white and red, gathered The one who received the present under this canopy of leaves to partici­ tepped into the middle of the .ring, pate in the "give away." ProbablY the rider dismounted and was Stflpped the nearest comparison to a whit~ of all the finerY whIch. was gIl'.en Inth .. nv in- man's festival is our annual Christmas the horse. The horses III rna .. exchange of gifts and good will. stances were not small Indian ponIes. The first signal that the program but well-bred steeds. One horse was wa about to begin was the sound of turned loose and the squaw who first the tom-tom. Ten old Indians were struck the fleeing animal with her seated on the ground around a large spear became the possessor. _ drum: As they sat there smoking After thi give away, the hors.e . . d the Clr- the pIpestone peace pipe, uddenly in were led III a processIOn aroun song of the Lacota tongue, accom- cle headed by Chief American Horse. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL ::9

by gifts of bear! work. saddle,. and money. Then came the "give wal'" of food. followed by the annu~1 dog fea.'t. Thi, part of the program i: the one looked forward to bl every Indian. not only during th~ da~. hut the entire year. On la,t Fourth of .J uly the committee were appointed to so ,licit fund, to , prol'ide for the next annual feast. The gil'e-wa)' before mentioned were from mdil'iduals to their friends, but in the "give ways" of ]Jrol'isions all haw an opportunity to participate, The committee 1u1d collected ol'er a thousand dollars with II'hith to provide the feast. The head man of each sectiou saw that all re­ ceived their share, After the distribl~tion each family repaired to their own teepee. Here followed a scene which every white vi. itor is anxious to see once but which few desire to witness a second time. I refer to the annual dog feast. At thiS point of the ceremony the Indian rel'erts to hi' natil'ity and bar­ barism. The poor shepherd dog (they eat no other kind) is caught by two squall's who tie two rope'

SIOUX SQUAW ",'0 PAPOOSE around his neck. Each squaw then pulls on her end of the rope and afoot, pausing in line for the white thus they 'tranl!le their pet. A third m'ln's camera. after which they were .''Iuaw with a few blows of an ax fin­ led from the ring. ishes the execution. The dog i' then Then came the calico spread. ,Iany held or laid ol'er the fire and hi' long yards of bright red calico were un­ coat of hair singed off. One dog wrapped and spread upon the ground. which was not quite dead. managed to This di 'play was surrounded by a e cape from the fire with his coat adl) border of white calico. After exhibit­ burned. He was soon captured amid ing this spread for a while. the Indi­ the laughter of the squall·s. This ans all the time indulging in dancing. time he wa - done to a nice brown. tom-tom beating and exhorations. the The whole dog is then cut to piece., calico was gathered up and distribut­ head.claws,feather' and all and put in­ ed by the callers. This was followed to the pot. In a short time the hok-si- 30 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

la (boy) and wi-cin-ca-la(girl) may be These visitors were the recipients of seen with a paw or a pair of ears in many gifts. Thus ended the week's their hands greedly devouring the de­ celebration, for many were camped licious viand. Here a white man's a week before the Fourth, and the digestive apparatus rebels and he is games and race did not close until compelled to turn away. A beef is the sixth. butchered and cut open without being skinned. As needed the meat is cut Indian Payment Males 8nsin", Gnod. out, the hide acting as a wrapper to Payment week is always a busy one in Paw· keep the under side of the beef clean. huska. Of the nearly two thousand members The meat is thus cut off the hide in­ of the Osage tribe, nearly everyone ap­ stead of the hide being taken from pear, in person to draw his check. The full· the meat. Often the fire burr.s too bloods, according to their old custom, come early and camp along the creek, nr o"er at slowly and the squaws and bucks do the round house, and remain until a~ter the not wait for the beef to cook. They payment is entirely over. Some alway have simply eat it raw. nor are they choice the sixty per cent out of their annuity taken between a porterhouse or a length of up, so that the money is paid to the trader entrails. and the Indian only gets the forty per cent and with this he makes business good for a The games and races were next on few days, buying whate"er strikes his fancy. the program. The games consisted The mixed bloods, which comprise more then of tug of war. climbing a greased pole, half the entire enrollment, generally remains riding a wild steer, etc. The race one or two days meeting friends and acquaint­ was run on a straight track, half way anees from different parts of the reservation. Altogether it makes a week which the business down the distance, making a quick men of Pawhuska long ago learned to look turn around a stake and back again. forward to witb eager expectation. Each An interesting scene was the roping succeeding payment create" a revival in busi­ contest. Ariderless horse was turn­ ness affairs that is becoming more lasting.. ed free at a given command and the -Osage Journal, Pawhuska, Okla. cowboy or Indian who succeeded in first lassooing the fleeing broncho was Indian Territory Edoalion_ entitled to the ownership. The schools of Indian Territory arecia fied The program closed by a white as follows: J. Thirty·three Indian boarding schools. man's dance in the evening, held in a 2. One hundred and six separate Indian day large pavilion built for the purpo e. scbools. The dancers were composed of a few 3. Four hundred and forty-fi"e combined white visitors and several mixed day schools (Indians and whites). bloods. In another secluded part of 4. Seventy eight negro day schools. . 5. Twenty-five denominational and ;DIS­ the grounds the old Indians were hold­ sian schools. ing their Omaha dance. It was a 6. Sixty public schools (in incorporated noticeable fact that the white man's towns). dance was a drag, and broke up about 7. Four private business or commercial ten o'clock. The next day it was schools. . Sixty small subscription schools for learned that the mixed breeds joined white children. . the Omaha and danced until morning. The Indian boarding schools in each ~~t~~~ Indians from other reservations are maintained exclUSively for Indians. .. of them are classed as academles· and mamtalDre attend the Oglala (Pine Ridge) cele­ good high-school courses. Five of themC:J1' bration, representatives of the Omaha orphan schools eighteen are elemen . schools and thre~ are maintained. for negroes. Crow, and other tribes being present: -Statehood Magazine. HOME TF.AD IN WASHINGTON FOREST. No AGRICULTURE -E. "TRYMEN EMPLOYED I.' NEAR-BY SAWMILL.

SPOLIATION OF THE \VEST

Secretary Hitchcock and the Land Thie\'es

FROM }/AXWELL'S TALI MAN

MI ISTER of the Gospel went means of the e false homestead en­ A West and in addition to preach­ tries, marks a further victory in Sec­ ing, engaged in the cattle business. retary Hitchcock's war on the land Doing what others were d(,ing, his thieves and wasters. It is, according company got people to take up home­ to the Evening Post, of.'ell' York. a steads for which they had no use and significant comment upon the spirit of then sell them out to the company. the heedle s West, confirming what and got other people who were not Emerson Hough, in writing of the people at all, but merely fictitiou pine-lands adventurer. says of the name , to take up more home teads carele wa te of the people. Scarce­ for hi benefit. But he was only do­ ly more than half of the available good ing what others did. and the re t of timber in the country has been u.-ed­ the land grabbers, no more than him­ mere wa te ha accounted for the re·t. self, never suspected that he would Though, as Mr. Hough says, "If we be punished. The unexpected hap­ had our forest back, we could afford pened. The toils of the law enmesh­ to wage two civil wars, and not be in ed him. debt for either," and could wage one So that the recent conviction of the on the \'alue of the burned and rotted Rev. Geo. G. Ware, this Episcopal rec­ timber; forest waste is only one item tor of the frontier and the manager of in the big bill to be charged against a Nebraska cattle company. for con­ the reckless West. Again-t the cat­ spiracy to defraud the government by tlemen, who have enclosed areas equal 32 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL to principalities and reserved for the efforts to protect the settler against the use of their scattered herds state cap­ big pasture pirates as the fancies of a able of supporting ew England's man suddenly gone insane. To thE population, the charge of prodigal ex­ cattle owner it does not appear to be travagance holds equally: it holds to waste to bribe soldier's widows and a less degree against the miners; and orphans to "enter" forty square miles the very farmers themselves-our mod­ of public land to be turned over to el of frugality and productive econo­ him, and then coolly to fence up forty my-have tilled their fields apparently more sections of the domain suppo ed with the idea that when the land was to belong to the public. He says, and exhausted by their unvarying crop believes, that every head of stock that he owns must have twenty-five acres of range. Millions of acres of land classed as "worthle ,ex­ cept for grazing," is in the posses­ sion of the herd owners, and only a few settlers, who are in search of good land know that the cIa i­ fication is a farce. W. R. Ligh­ ton, in the Boston Transcript, cites a case in illustration: "One year ago a ranch man in the neighborhood of Lusk, Wyo. (twen­ ty-five miles west of the ebraska line), bought a tract of 320 acre, which had been in use as a cattle range for many years. The price paid was 1,000. By way of an ex­ periment thi tract was encloged Cl.AJM HANn 6x , L" NEBRASKA. ,'EYER bv fences to exclude grazing ani. ATTEMPTED RESIDENCE OR CULTIVATIDN. ~als and the wild bunch-grass was permitted to grow undisturbed. With routine, they could move across the absolutely no other attention, three road to fresh soil. hundred tons of hay were cut last summer, which was sold in the tack" Almost Too Late. on the ground for seven dollars a ton. It is only now, after our once vast national estate has shrunk to a mall An Undeveloped Empire. fraction of it orginial value, that any This particular tract of land '~~ n~~ one in authority has stopped to con­ exceptional; it was "high-dI\1~e sider the waste. Because the most of land like millions of acres of the kmd the good timber has absolutely passed upo~ which the twenty-five-acres-to-a­ out of the possession of the public, the cow rule holds. It is in the same re­ people are beginning to listen to the mon on the North Platte, in western b' , • th t new talk about fore t conservation Nehraska and eastern Wyommg, a and the re-planting of denuded areas. ~Q ;l()() ()()() has been allotted by the ~, , 000 n But in the cattle country to-day, they government to reclaim 100, acr. speak of Secretary Hitchcock's honest of "desert" land by irrigation. It IS THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 33

the same clas of land a wme 2.50,000 for the countrv. that secretary. Hitch- acres of rich Montana prairie, which cock is to remain in the interior de­ the government will irrigate under partment. the Sun Rh'er irrigation project, near A -Ye/l' Fraud La/l'. Great Falls: it is the same elas' of land as millions, and tens of million of Under one law, the Kincaid act, acres in Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, some 2,000,000 acres of land in , e­ Utah, and all the Far ~orthweststate bra 'ka have been fraudulently obtain­ which, either dry farmed under the ed by the cowmen. This Kincaid act is new cultural methods and arid land an illustration of the general official crop being introduced by the agricul­ laxity in reg-a I'd to the public land. tural departmEnt. or el e pro­ vided with water for irrigation, will support people in homes of forty, eighty, or 160 acres each, o wonder President Roose­ velt's irrigation policy has proved so popular in the Wet. The man who could divert the both­ ersome settlers from the grazing lands to the absolutely arid re­ gion by turning water into the sage-brush and making the et­ tier pay for it, de erve a monu­ ment, and the cattlemen would undoubtedly sub cribe to build HO>lESTEAO I.' OREGO,' FOREST. .'0 IMPROVE- a handsome one. But for Secre- "E~TS. LA.·O E.·TEREO FOR THE TIMBER. tary Hitchcock no cow-country mem­ orial will ever be raised: no "timber Enough millions could not be Quickly Senator" will e\'er sing his praises, stolen under the old land law, so the and only the federal grand juries that Kincaid law was slipped through Con­ return indictments against the mineral gress year before last. It was a bit of land thie\'e, the "timberland min­ special legislature. pro\'iding for the ers, ., will breathe his name with re­ creation of "grazing homesteads" of spect. His only idea seems to be to 640 acres in we'tern Nebraska-the get the man cowman. saw mill own­ ordinary home tead. of course, i 160 er, or miner-off the land he does acres.•TOW. here was an inexcusable not own and which i owned by, and legislation of wa te, tried as an ex­ is held in trust for, the landle s. Con­ periment with the innocent 'upport of sider the contrast: the reclamation ser­ the President, who, in his message to vice is spending :28,000,000 to reclaim Congre ·s. referred to "the proposed a million acres of de: rt, for which extension of it to other state'. T' In­ settlers will pay :215 an acre: the in­ stead of a prompt pulling up on the terior department in the past year ha part of Congress. we have lItr. found more than 500 indictments in Lighton's a'surance that Congres 'man nineteen states agin-t land thieve', ~lartin, of.South Dakota, and Brook, and thi "is but the re,ult of prelimi­ of Colorado, are determined upon ap­ nan' skirmishing. " Agood thing it is pl~'ing the Kincaid plan to their state. 34 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

these "best citizen " and "sturdy settler" of west. ern Kansas are, as a rule, wealthy residents of cities far from their humble ranch firesides. The history of - the pillagers of our fore ts ;s being repeated in the pub. - lic land states. A it wa - thought impossible to ex· .. hau t our magnificent pine· .. lands, so it is taken for granted in the West that "God's out 0' doors" will HOMESTEAD SHACK IN NORTHWESTERN EBRASKA. No last indefinitely. Isn't it No SIGN OF RESIDENCE time for the people of the East-for the people of the whole There is also similar demand from country-to wake up to their rights? eager "settlers" in Wyoming and In this country every man and every Montana -eager to own a small home woman and every child has an actual ownership to some 60 acres of the each of a few thousand acres and run public domain. He or she may want sheep and cattle upon it- "horse.back to go on it some day - today or ten farmers... years from today. Shall it be held in Had it not been for the heroic safety for him by his trustee, the work of a few Western men in Con­ government, or when he comes to gress, who are yet patriots, their 640 claim it will he find it a part of a great estate owned by a cattleman or a big acre steal for South Dakota and Col­ sheep syndicate, obtained through orado would have been a law last Kincaid laws and desert land laws Congress. and timber and stone laws, and other abominations devised and kept upon Will the Country El'er Awake? the statute books for the express pur· pose of promoting land monopoly and The attitude of the West toward despoiling the people? the wasters of the public domain is like the attitude of Wall Street to­ Our Nanj. RlaJlkrls Gin Satisladioo. ward the insurance grafters. It is an Topeka, Kans., July '!i, 19Ofi. "open game," with equal chance for Messrs. Prescott & Farrar, all. As Fred Dumont Smith, a Kansas Arkansas Cit\'. Kans. Gentlemen:-I h..'e had some correspond~ state senator and a valiant fighter of ence with your firm relative to the pllrchas ~he. Standard Oil monopoly, who was uf Navajo'Blankets. and THE INOlA.' PRIS~ mdlCted recently in connection with SHOP, through your Mr. Nor~on •. kmdly s~nu me five some time ago. As I mdlcated to )'0e land frauds in his state, says of the under date of the 23d ins!., the blankets ~t so satisfactory that I am not Wllhng to pa new activity of the interior depart­ with any of' them. If TUE ISOIAN PRL~~ ment. "The United States is in HOP will send me a statement I WIll takA mighty small business, when it pros­ pleasure in sending them a remIttance. stalement was previously sent but has ~~n ecutes those sturdy pioneers who are misplaced. I am purchasing more blan e h making government land fertile with than I anticipated, but they all gwe suc _ good satisfaction and we have become so at wind-mills." The only trouble with tached tn them that I would nnt want to have them leave the house. Very truly yours. Senator Smith's argument is that J. W. GOL~G. THE ~lEETII G AT TACO~lA

~ .ote Sectional round table conferences HE catastrophe of San Francisco pre­ vented the meeting of the Indian will be conducted. The .ubjects to be dis· cus. Pd at the~e conferences will be announced T Teachers' Cong-ress this year, as plan­ at the opening of the meetings by the chair· ned in conjunction with the a 'ational Educa­ man of each section. ~lodel cl3..:)ses of Indian tional AS8ociation. On this account the Ren­ pupils WIll he conducted in connection with eral meeting was combined with the e,_ ~th the teachers' sectional meetings. annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Indian Teachers' Institute, heid at TaCQma, Wash· ington, August:!Q to 25. TliE~OAY. AUGC~T 21. 9 A. 1I. The opening address was made by Governor Mu .. jc Director, Harold A. Lorirg. ~uper­ Albert E.•Iead. who was followed by other \piSf)! of natl\"e Indian music. leading state officials and prominent educa· Invocation. tors. The address of welcome on behalfof the First "The Empluye's Responsibility m city was delivered by ~Iayor Wright. The con· Character Builtling.·' Harry F. Llston, :,uper· vention was under the directi,m of the gen­ inlendent of Puyallup Indian 5ichool, Tacoma, eral superintendent of Indian schoob. Hon. Washington. Estelle Reel. Harry F. Liston, supennten· Second "Developing in the Young Indian dent of the Puyallup Indian school. was pres· a trong Sense of Individual Responsibility," ident of the institute. The executive com­ E. L. Chalcraft, uperintendent of 'alem In· mittee consisted 01 E. L. Chalcraft. superin· dian school, Chemaw3. Ore. tendent of the Salem Indian school, Che· Third - "The Importance of studying the maW3, Ore.; F. F. Avery. superintendent of Pupil and Acquiring an Intimate Knowledge the Colville Indian school, Miles, Wash., and of His Home Life and Environment, His Am­ Dr. L. A. Wright, superintendent of the San bitions, Capabilities and Individuality, and Jacinto Indian school, San J.acinto, Cal. His Educational Needs in Equipping Him for ] t was a successful meeting, there being His Probable Career," W. P. Campbell, as· many Indian educators present. Following sistant superintendent of Salem Indian school, we print the program as rendered: Chemawa, Ore. Fourth "Returned Students," C. W. MONDAY, AUGUST 20.8 P. , .. Goodman, superintendent of Pheonix Indian Music-Director, Harold A. Larinl(. sup­ school, Pheonix. Ariz. ervisor of native Indian music. Fifth "The E~",entials nf Indian Education Invocation. as Qualifying for CItizenship," lajor Jay Greetings- Hon. A. E. Mead, governor L~·nch. !:'uperintendent of Yakima Indian of Washington: Hon. F. W. Cushman, ~chool Fort ":imcoe, Washington. member of the United States house of ixth- "Dair)ing and Stockraising in In­ representati\·~, Tacoma. Wa:.hingtoD. Hon. dian schools," Knott C. Egbert, superintend· George P. Wright. mayor of Tacoma, ent of Indian :,chool iletz. Ore. Wash.: President Thomas F. Kane. Ph. Round taLle conferences, officials' and 'u­ 0.. University of Washington. Seattle. perintendent~' ~ection-Chairman. E. L. (hal­ • Wash.; President Edwin M. Randall. craft, superintE-ndent of Salem Indian school. Ph. D., Puget Sound University, Tacoma. Chemawa, Ore.; secretary, F. F. Aver)'. su­ Wash.: Hon. Edwin Eeh;. secretary 'tate perintendent of Fort ~pokane Indian school, Hi::;lorical ociety. Tacoma, Wa.::;hin~ton; Colville A~ency .•Iiles. Wash. Superintendent A. H. Yoder. Tacoma P"b­ Teachers' ~ection-Chairman. C. L. Gate~. lie schook Tacoma, Washington. principal teacher. "herman Institute. River Response"-Harry F. Liston. - ~uperin­ :,ide. Cal.; secretary, Ida .lcQu~ton. teach­ tendent of Puyallup Indian schOOls. Tacoma, er, Puyallup Indian school. Tacoma. Wash. \\'ash.: E. L. Chaleraft, superintendent ~latron!" :ection-Chairman. :Yrs. Florence of Salem Indian school, Chemaw.. Ore.; Li -ton. matron. Puyallup Indian school, Ta­ F. F. Avery, superintendent of Fort coma, \\'a,h.; secretary, ~Irs. ~Iary E. Cox. Spokane Indian school, Colville agency, a::.s~tant matron of Salem Indian school,Che­ Miles, Wash.; Dr. r. M. Buchanan. mawa, Oregon. superintendant of Tulalip Indian school, TUESDAY, P.)I. Tulalip, Wash.; Estelle Reel. superintend. Address L. L. Benbow, county superin ent of Indian schools. 36 THE INJ)lAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

tendent of public instruction, Tacoma, Wash. ably Be Engaged After Leal'ing School," Address-Professor W. F. Bailey, principal H. G. Wilson, superinteudent of Klamath and of Parkland schools. Tacoma, Wash. Yainax Indian schools, Klamath ariency, Oce. Fourth-"Agricultural Instruction in the WED,'ESDAY ArGUST 2'1, 9 A. M. Indian Schools." Lorenzo D. Creel, superin. .Iusic-Director, Harold A. Loring, super­ tendent of Crow Indian .chool, Crow agency, visor of native Indian music. Mont. Invocation. Fifth-"Indians as Citizens," Rer. M. Fir:t-"What Has Been none Toward In­ Eells, D. D., Skokomish, Wa.h. troducing . 'ative Indian ,Iusic in the ,chools Round table conference;, officials' and su. During the Past Year." Harold A. Loring, perintendents section-Chairman, E. L. supen-igor of nahvE' Indian musiC'. Chalcraft, superintendent of Salem Indian Second-"The Importance of Avoiding, in school. Chemawa, Ore.; secretary F. F. Our Sv,tem of Indian Education, Fostering Avery, superintendent of Fort Spokane Iu­ False Conceptions of Life and .lanner of Liv­ dian school, Col rille agency, Miles, W..h. ing in the .linds of Pupils," F. F. Avery, Industrial section-Chairman, M. M. Coop­ superintendent of Fort Spokane Indian school, er, industrial teacher, Salem Indian school, Colrille agency. ~liIes. Wash. Chemawa. Ore.; secretary, F. W. Freeman, Third "Our School Commencement," S. tailor, Puyallup Indian school, Tacoma Wash. ,l. ~lcCowan, superintendent of Chilocco In. THURSDAY, 8 P. M. dian Agricultural School. Chilocco, Okla. Address- Edwin M. Randall. president of Fourth-"Fundamental and Essential Prin­ Puget Sound Univel"l\ity'Tacoma, Wa.h. ciples of Hygiene and Sanitation; How Ap­ plied and How to be Applied in the Indian 2~, " :chools," Dr. Charles M. Buchanan, superin­ FRIDAY, AUGUST 9 A. M. tendent of Tulalip Indian school, Tulalip, Music-Director, Harold A. Loring, super· IV"hington. visor of native Indian music. Invocation. I Round table conferences, matrons' section­ First-Tubercular Diseases among the. n· Chairman, ~Irs. Florence List')n, matron, dians-Dr. George J. Fanning, phYSICian, Puyallup Indian school. Tacoma. IVash.: sec­ Salem Indian school, Chemawa, Oregon. d retary... Irs. ~fary E. Cox, assistant matron, Second-"The Field Matron's work, an ,'alem Indian school, Chemawa, Ore. its influence in the Home-Mary C; Ramse), Field Matron, Agency,." y·Tomlng." Physicians' and nurses' section-Chairman, Third- "The Yalue of Industnal ralnln, Dr. Charles ~l. Buchanan, superintendent of and the Need of Better Facili~!es for The' Tulalip Indian school. Tulalip, W"hington,; Work at the Smaller Sch,?"ls, -Claude In: '""retary, Dr. Geol'l(e W. Wimberly, super. Covey, superintendent of Warm Springs dian school. Warm Spnngs. Oregon. .. intendent of Greenrille Indian school, Green­ Fourth-"Elementary Industnal Tral~,n1 ville, Cal. at Day Schools, '·-E. C. Scovel, day 'c 00 Dak~ta~ WED.'ESDAr, AUGUST 2'1, P, M. teacher, Rosebud Agency. South E. E. G. Thickstun. Day school teacher. n Address-W. E. Wilson, principal of State Ridge Agenc., South Dakota. ., . and ormal school, Ellensburg. Wash, Round table conferences. PhYCCB~~hanan Addre..-B. H. Kroeze, A. ~I., president nurses' sectlon~Chalrman, Dr. 'h I Tula. of Whitworth college, Tacoma, Wash. superintendent of Tulahp Indran sc W'Wim­ lip, Wash.; secretary, Dr. Geolj(e .Jrdian berl\', superintendfn~ Green\'llI.e ection­ 'choOl. Greenville, Cahl.; Matrons s atron. THUR'DAY. AUG!'ST 23, 9 A. M. Chairman. ~lrs. Florence LlStO~\.:h. 'ec. Muslc-Director, Harold A. Loring, super­ Puvallup Indian school. Tacoma, ~. M~tron \1 or of native music. reian' ~l rs. ~[ary E. Cox, ASSlstan , In\·ocation. alem'Indian school. Chemawa. Ore. First-"~Iethod, of Teaching Self.Sup­ FRIDAY, A UG!'ST 2~. P. M. port." Matthew M. ~Iurphy, superintendent Reception for Indian workers. of Western, 'avajo Indian school, Tuba, Ariz. Second- "The Day School as a Factor in SATURDAY, AUGUST 25. 9 A. M. . Indian Education." Standing Rock agency, . d trial sectIOn Fort Yates, ,'. D. Round table conferences, m dS t ial teach. -chairman, M. W. Gooper, 10 us ~a Ore, Third- "The Importance of Training Pupils er, Salem Indian school, Che~~w puyallup (or the Work in Which They Will Most Prob- secretary, F. W. Freeman, ta 0 , . school, Tacoma, Washington. A WORD ABOUT 11 TDIAl • -A~lES

By A. B. CLARK

.. reading what seems to be an extract many names to choo. e from in dt'termlmng O from a letter or other statement of Dr. for the future the 1000al names of the indi\ld­ Charles Ea...,tman in rour JulY numb..r ual and the family. Often the family name I am move\) to ,ay a w~rd abo~t Indian ha.' puzzled him more than the (,hTi. tian nam"". In the first place allow me to ,"g­ name. ~e think. Hi! mention~ a fevo in lane­ gest that the work of the Commis,ion ,hould e~. and. apparently \\ hout ~aiting tne la)­ not be considered a.... the "re-naming of tht" man's propt'r opp<.ortunitJ, 1. e.• ne ' , Indians," but the "determinina- (If one legal tWIsts a portion of a ~urname in a t hri~tlan name for each individual Indian." As a name and so name~ each of tW'o per. ons Rob­ Christian nation we of COUT:-e expect that ert, fur Quite ditTerent rea ons. r f r no each child that is born reason at all. It just happened so, po lbl) shall receive in bap­ Why did he nut find a Christian name for tism, or be cau:sed to Matoska? And, by the \l,a), huw manJ In­ ~sume. a Christian telligent white neiuhhors could at onct' pro­ name. When first nounce ~tato ..ka corredly a.'i a Sioux name? that name has been Why not in this ca,;t' have tlra\\ n a Chri', bestoweti sacrament­ tian name from sOOlewht're, a" in other 10­ ally, doe, it not then stances, and :0 havecallt'tl the man Albiun W. become the 1el(a I Bear, or Albion B. White, or Amo, B. While Christian name? Dr. and let the man's name be white as po:,~ible E has no doubt at once? Nay, but search the recurds and met with such case:o. where there is doubt or contention id~ntif}' of "re·baptism"a that which is authentiC'. mockery, of course,­ And now fur those other Sllurces of the un­ and a consequent mul­ fortunate multiplication of Ilanlt~s in tht' Ii. t8 tiplicatit,n of name~. with which the U. S. Indian agenb have been as Illentioned. \\' e led (thruugh irrespon:-iiJlt' interpretl;!r~', pl"r­ wor.~e ..\. B. CL.\RI\ might wish, however, haps) to make "confu:-;ion confoundt>d" that he had not reck­ in the records of Indian names at a time when lessly stated that "the missionaries genenlly many tribes of Indians begin to seek the Pro­ bate courts and become in other Wa\8 re· give a banquet after a baptism, hence the In­ India~ dians are not 3\'eD'e to partaking of the lat­ !'lJOn:-;ibl£f as eitizens. A ..'ioux babe ter ceremony ~ often as po'~ible." During of a few days or weeks IS generally brought mls~ionar)' baptl~m. the last eighteen years of residence here with to :ome for The day· a rather intimate knowledge of affairs among schoolteacht:'r. tidd·matron or farowr. obed­ ient to instructions. may haw!- given the ChI.d the Sioux I have never before known there one or mort:" name' III reoorting the birth to existed any such custom as the Duetor men­ thf' Al!enc~ office. •.ot knowing thl:) faet the tions. The onl" budy of mb;;ionaries who missionaT) mar _l"t!m to ha\'e blundered In have the profane habit of re-baptizing are be-stowing :--t111 another name at t~e bapti m the Jesuits and members of other R. C. Or­ becau.-;e the parents ask him to selert a name ders, whose syst~m of casuistry presumably Here then is where the confu~ion and trouble allows of their teaching such a fiction as is in­ about names may have begun, but it doe not volved in tht: vain repetition of the sacra­ end there in man)' cases. mental rite of Holy Baptism. Because of our high esteem for Dr. Eastman we may At the age of five or six yea" the ch d wish he had not allowed his apparent desire goes to :

L DIA T SCHOOL

(BY COURTESY OF THE GEXOA l"OIA;' 'EW'J

THE SCHOOL ORCHESTRA

- SHOWC 'G SOME Ot' THE BUILD!.'0 40 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

MR. fRANK M. CONSER PROMOilll. the battle-scarred veterans of the Indian field service. Thev know him as a careful. Frank M. Conser a umed the duties of painstaking, broad·minded business man-a chief clerk of the Indian bureau of the inte­ man who requires high standards. but who rIOr department on September 4. The office understands the dificulties and limitations of was created by the last session of congress, the Service. Commissioner Leupp never and Mr. Conser was appointed on recom· recommended a better or worthier man, nor mendation of the commissioner of Indian af­ one more thoroughly equipped for the duties fairs on August 29 last. He has been in the of thi very responsible place. His practical Indian service 15 years and is well known in experience embraces lhe duties of every de· the Southwest. as well as throughout the In­ partment of the Service, and in all of them dian country. He has for the past six year he has shown 1are skill and exquisite judg· been supervisor of Indian schools. and for ment. several years before that had been special agent in the field. Prior to that he was a Slate Will Try to Mole Indians Pay Taxes. clerk in the office at Washington. His home From the LID('oln C. -.. b.) ~ew .... is at Salem, O. The state \\~II intervene in the case of the United States against Thurston county now pending in the federal court. This case im·olv· ("5 the asses."ment for taxation of approxi­ mately 100.000 now on deposit in the bank, to the credit of the Omaha Indians. The money was derived from the sale of inherited landE and was deposited hy the government to the credit of the Indians. Checks against it must be O. K. 'd by the Indian agent. When the county assessor ofThurston coun­ ty attempted to assess this money the gov­ ernment applied to the federal court for an 10­ junction on the ground that the money constI­ tuted trust funds in the hands of the govern­ ment and was not taxable. The county enter­ ed a de'Tlurrer which \vas sustained, and an appeal was taken to the United States circuit Cflurt of appeals, where the demurrer was D.V­ er-ruled. The case now comes back for tnal upon its merits. . The Indians to whose credit this money IS deposited are among the most wealthy.!""'ple in Thurston county and through lOablllty to tax the funds in controversy the county IS on From the time of the organization of tbe the verge of bankruptcy and unable further to Indian bureau until I " the bureau had a prosecute its suit. Application was therefore chief clerk. In the latter year, Mr. Upshaw, made to the legal department of the state to then chief clerk, was made assistant com­ intervene and Governor ~lickey today autbor­ missioner and the office of chief clerk was ized such action to be taken. combined with the new office. Lewis Y. Ellis, The Indians in whose behalf the govern- .. and the who had bet!n in the bureau for twenty-five ment acts are full-fledged CItIZens to tbirty years. had been decided upon for county attorney of Thurston countj' as well asf tbe chief clerkship. but he died about the the attorney general and his assistants are 0 time he would have been appointed. and the the opinion that they should be made to pafull' - ted that - place tben fell to Mr. Conser. The latter has taxps upon their money_ It IS sta ds in Thurs- been regarded as one of the most competent Iy' seventy-five per cent 0 f th e Ian . Id' thlS ..me men in the Indian Service. He was married ston county will eventually be so In t un about one year ago to ~Irs. Conser. who is a manner and that the sum realized will amo Washington girl. .' 05( Im~ to millions of dollars. so tbe case IS a ~ the The appointment of Mr. Conser to this re­ portant one, not only to the county ut sponsible position is extrelliely gratifying to state. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 41

NOns fROM SHERMAN INSTITUTE. .Ielons and grapes are ripening now, and the 'mall hoy IS kept busy countinl{ them and In spite of the hot weather and the absence watching- for an opportunity to in:-ert his of everal of our emplo,)"es, everythinK i..~ knife into the tempting-. luscious fruit. The working along gmoothly at herman. . Jr. school table is kept well supplied with both Cruikshank ...ith his detail of small bovs watermelons and c3llteloupes. F. L. B. keeps the lawn watered and the weed.< c~t down, and just now he i setting out plants '"OKlAHOMA'" MEANS "RED PEOPlE.'" for winter blooming. The responsibiJit)· ft:'stl'i rather heavy just now upon our efficient gar­ In a recnt letter to the pre.~s Rev J. S. dener, as he has both farm and garden to Murrow. of Atoka. Okla.• gives the following look after at pre,ent. The number of fine facts cuncerning- the meaning' of the word tomatoes that come in show that he is nu no­ "Oklahoma and the meaning of it _election: vice in the business. Colonel Rohert T. Van Horn of Kansas The school building, Tonner Hall, is be­ City is given the credit of being the "fath­ ing thoroughly renovated, and with its er of Oklahoma." Thi.s a mi"take. A beautifully tinted walb will pre,ent a territory to be named "Oklahoma" was pro­ fine appearence when the touri;.;ts vi~il vided for in the treaties made with the fh'e us again. ciVilized tril.es in April, Ib66. Of cour::>e this As usual there will be some ehanges in the was hI' fore Colonel Van Horn introduced his working force. Miss Kane leaves to visit in bill in Congress and was the origin of his bill. the east and Miss Handley to accept a posi­ In the Choctaw treaty of April, I 66, ,ection tion 10 one of the public schools at Riverside. 10. article ,are the following words: At present Miss Handley is resting at the sea­ "And it is further agreed that the superin­ shore, and Miss Marshall. ~Iiss Naff and Mrs. tendent of Indian affairs shall be the execu­ Linton are alse finding recreation in NeptUlle's tive of said territory with the title of gover­ realm. Others have returned from their var­ nor of the territory of Olelahoma." ious visits to mountain or beach and seem A recent writer is more greatly mistaken well fortified again.t the coming season's with regard to the origin of the name "Okla­ work. homa." When the provisions in the several Gradually the pupils are coming back. and treaties of I~. for organizing a territory out today marks the arrival of fifteen boys from of the country belonging to these five tribe, Ariwna. About a hundred of the larger pu­ hau been agreed upon. one of th, United pils left in June last to work on the anta Fe States eommbsioners asked what name ~hould railroad. Twenty-five returned after a be given the proposed new territory. The month's stay; others came later, and it i.s Rev. Illen Wright of the Choctaw delega­ presumed that the remainder will finish their tion spoke up and said· three months' engagement. We art" expect­ "Call it 'Oklahoma.' .. ing a larger school this year and the number "What does that mean!" said the commis­ w;ll probably reach the six-hundred mark. sioner, Mr. Hall makes us visits from time to time '·It means 'Red men,' or 'Red man's land.' " when he can leave his family. who are sum­ .aid Mr. Wright. The other Indian delegations assented and mering at Ocean Park. He reports weather so It was put into the treaties that the new conditions favorable down there. territo!")', when organized. should be named The ,kating rink at Cbema...a Park still "Oklahoma." The name is pure Chocta.... seems the favo:cite resort. Chemawa Park "Okla" tpeople) and "Homrna" tred), Iof­ has the finest floor in the ricinity. and the ad­ ten heard Governor Wright relate the above dition of a refreshment stand adds to its at­ facts and it was often corroborated by James traction. On three nights in the ...eek the Reily. another Choctaw commis"ioner. with floor is mostly occupied by Indian,. who both of whom I was intimate. I have also become experts on the rollers. and on the heard Dr. T. J. Bond, who was abo perfectly three alternate evenings a more fashionable familiar with these facts, relate them. In­ crowd speeds round and round the vine-cover­ deed. they were familiar to ever) one in l~ ed pavilion. As soon as the band boys re­ 6i. In the Creek languag-e "red person" is turn the sef';ces of good musIcians Will be se­ "j::tte ehata, .. "red people" •'istulke cha tat ., cured and a constant source of amusement "Oklahoma" i. not Creek. but Choctaw will await the eager public. Every Indian knows this. 42 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

the same as the rest of the construction crew and they sleep, or bunk, as they call it do,,~ "Lo" and Other People there, with the whites and Japs as if they all were of one nationality. No, they do not wear any of the Indian garb, but are attired in 01" Th, Indian and Th' Land Graft". eralls and jumpers, and their indenrity at a An investigation is being made of a bran distance cannot be distinguished. Laborers are new graft in the Creek nation, where the full­ scarce in the southwest, and now that the In· blood Indians are the sufferers and two or dian has come to be made so useful, I ~rodict three smooth men of Tulsa and Muskogee are that railroad construction work will go ahead doing the work. Under the laws, when an with greater rapidity than heretofore." ­ Indian dies, the restrictions on his hompstead Milwaukee Wisconsin. of 40 acres is naturally removed, but not on the other portion of land. The grafters al'" A Noted Indian Hnmnrist. proach the h,irs of a deceased Indian, and make a proposition to get all the restrictions Many an aborigine of the copper-colored removed on all the land the Indian has left, race is referred to as the "wise old Indian," together with the land owned b.."the heir., but the Cass Lake can and charge a fee of $350. This, naturally, boast of the only Indian in the United tates the Indian is not able to pay, so it is proposed that cao be classed as a humorist. Kah·be· that the Indian deed over his interest in the nuog-gway·way, better known as "Old John home,tead of 40 acres lert by the deceased, Smith" is the wit or the Chippewa nation, as a guarantee of payment. and among the white people of oorthern The Indians have been taught that they Minnesota is considered the wisest and fox­ cannot dispose of their homestead for twenty­ iest red in the country. John is somewhere one years, and, therefore, don'tcare anything in the neighborhood of 90 or 100 years old. about the 40 acres, and readily sign a deed, His exact ag'e i not knowo, but he tells of gi\';ng the grafter the land as a ree, regard­ many eouncils which he atteoded that were Ie whether he successfully gets the restric­ presided over bl' old Chief Hole-in·the-Day, tions removed, and trust to good fortune they Bemidji and Mos-qua·dis (Little Turtle) .., will be successful. far back as fifty years ago. He also remem· Itis known that one man in Tuba has trans­ bers a treaty that was signed between the acted this sort of a scheme twelve times, and Chippewa Indians and the Government over by it has secured the deeds to 480 acres of sixty years ago, and he declares that he was land. a "big strong buck" then. His frame is noW bent with age and be grows more parehed as the years roll by, but in every wrinkle of Th, Indian A Good Laborer. his old face there lurks a smile, and his "Ex-Mayor Rose has many Indians work­ bright, beady eyes sparkle with mirth at all ing on bis railroad from Phoenix to his min­ times. He was born on the Cas;; Lake reser· ing camp," said E. P. Wilson of Phoenix, Ar­ vation and in his early manhood participated izona, at the St. Charles botel. "So far as I in many famous Indian battles. know these redmen are giving perfect satis­ faction as day laborers, and they work side by fa ymenl nI Sum In side with the Japs and whites. Most of them !.arr' Os.1r"· are members of the Apache tribe, considered The Osage Indians are talkiog of takiqg up the most ferocious and cruel Indians in 1he their portion of the wbite man's burden. world, and 1was told several of them belong­ They have recently been granted privilege to ed to 's band of marauders that ler­ allot and the next step toward dissolution of rorized Arizona several years ago. It is a long their tribal government is in tbe expected step forward from a murdering demon to an payment to them of monies held in trust by independent, self-supportinu citizen, and those the United States. In connection with thIS who heretofore never had any faith in the In" matter, Osage agent Ret ~lillard was io dian are beginning to believe there is some Washington. Among other things, Agent good in him after all. Down in the SaltRiver Millard said; . valley the government is erecting one of the "The Osages will be disbaoded as far as greatest dams in the world, and most of the their tribal relation under the government art laborers are Indians. The redmen are treated concerned, and they will shift tbemselves indio THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 43 vidually. There are2,IOOof them, a large pro­ Chickasaw ,chools will be under the direction portIOn of whom are half-bree No. of appointments 28 and Democrats, but the pure Indi..will not be No. failed to accept 13 serviceable to eitber party very long, forthey No. absolute appointments 29 are dying rapidly. Unless an Indian inter­ No. reinstatements • marries he usually dies of tubercnlosis. " No. tranfers in this en'jce 26 No. transfers from this Service 1 o. promotions and reductions 161 rmh", of Iodian r",ilofT· o. temporary appointments 29 There will be about 750 teachers in the Indi­ No. resignations 26 an Territory schools this coming year. Ac­ No. Indians appointed Ie cording to statistics shown in the office of No. Indians resigned 14 Superintendent Benedict nearly 60,000 school No. laborers appointed 7 children were enrolled last year. This does not No. laborers resigned 4 include those in city schools and private in­ No. marriages 3 stitutions oflearning. In the Cherokee nation there were 316 schools, attended by 6.760 In­ IIow Much Did He l.os< ? dian children and ,720 white children. In the In the .lay i -ue of the JOUR.·AL our Fort Seminole nation there were sixteen schools Apache. Arizona. correspondent in hi' news attended by 1000 white children and 24 Indians. letter asked for answers to the following: The Creek nation had an enrollment of 6,991 white children and ll"l Indians in 16 schools. ..A tramp bought a pair of boots of a mer­ The Chickasaw nation had 219 ",hools chant for $5.00; he gave the merchanta 20.00 with an enrollment of 375 I"dian children and bill, who took it to hi> bank and obtained the 12,899 whites. There were 260 ,

and made each, as he entered. pay 25 cents ~I to see the show. John seems amply ci\'ilized P In and Out of the Service when the coin is in question and needs no word to gather in something for "chucka­ way. "-Watonga Herald. Pawhuska, the first town in the Osage In· dian Nation to vote, held its first municipal .. Ir. :\loses Freidman, who was for some election in June. time manual training teacher at Phoenix, The Indians on the Oneida. Wisconsin, res· and afterward for three years supervisor of manual training in the Philippines, has been ervation spent $-lOO for Fuurth-of·July fire­ appointed assistant superintendent at Hask­ works and amusements. ell. He arrived June roo His experience in The Lake Mohonk Conference of "Friends the Service and his education, especially in of the Indian and Other Dependent Peoples" manual training. make him especially well­ is announced to be held this year on Oct. lith, qualified for the position.-Haskell's Indian 18th, and 19th at Mohonk Lake, Ulster Co., Leader. New York. The Carlisle Indian band has been having a Clark A..Iyers, Wilmot, Ind., claims to great success at Long Branch. The people have a tomahawk and a pair of leggins taken attending the concerts the first week of July from Black Hawk's wigwam in 1S32 at the could not be accommodated on the verandas time of the noted chief's capture by soldiers of the Casino; now the whole Ocean Park sur­ near the Sac and Fox village in Illinois. rounding the band stand is not large enough to The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has ap­ accommodate the crowds. The classof people pointed Frank Sorenson, of Chicago, superin· who attend is also noticeable, they coming from the beautiful houses at West End and all the tendent of the Indian warehouse in that city, way to Asbury Park, adistance ofseven miles. vice Supt. Spooner, resigned. Mr. oren."on -Indians Friend. is promoted from the position of chief clerk, which he held for many years. The president has commuted the life sen­ tence of Lizzie Carrich, an Indian girl, 15 Owen R. Williams, of Custer, who drew years old, to confinement in some reformatory ~et No.1 in the Crow land drawing, mal' not institution until she is 21 years old. On June the pick of the land without a contest. It ap­ 6, last, the girl was convicted in the eastern pears that he is married to a full-blood Indian district of Wisconsin of arson in setting fire woman, and as she has received her allotment to and destroying the Indian school building from the Cro\\' tribe, this probably will oper­ on the ~fenominee reservation. It is under­ ate against her husband's chances. stood she fired the building to escape going In carrying out its policy of making the In· to school there, as told at the time in the col· dian agent the guardian fllr each trihe, the umns of the JOURNAL. appointment has been announced of Frank "Indians are growing more civilized all the Thackery, agent for the Kickapoos and Potta­ time more accustomed to the white man's se~'enty watomies. as guardian for Kickapoo way~," Clyde McGray, manager of the Union Indians, who are declared incompetent to Depot restaurant, said this morning. "There manage their own affairs. in so far as their are eight Indian boys going (0 the Chilocco land allotments are concerned. school in Oklahoma. Five of tbe eight or­ A dispatch from Deadwood, So. D., says dered cereal breakfast foods. The other three that the Dakota Indians are becoming exten­ wanted steak, and they wanted it rare, al­ sive cattle raisers and the government is buy­ most raw. Four of them ordered coffee. ing a large amount of beef from them. At the The others wanted water." The Indian, close of the present fiscal year the govern­ came from Wisconsin. -Kan'6as City Star. ment will have purchased from the Indians A newspaper dispatch from Lawton states for (hat year about a million pounds of beef, that Chief Quanah Parker, of the Comanches, and will have .bought from contractors anoth­ says that he will soon organize a school for er million pounds. L the male Indians of his tribe who are past 21 "Poor Lo" took in a large number of sheck­ years of age. The course of study will be els from the curious white man during their relative to political questions and law ~n dance here this week. They had guards sta· order to enahle them to vote intelligently m tioned at the entrance to their dancing grounds all elections after the admission of Oklahoma THE I.'DIAr SCHOOL JOUR. AL 45

into statehood. Chief Parker believe: that d erght€('n ~ick. Yo orn outand ","ounded sun·iv'OfS this is not oone tht,Y will vote for otlicers d of the band. surrendrred. Geronimo and hl~ laws detrimental to the interest of Indian' Apache follu"er. were then exiled to Florida The United 'tate. government will try the and afterward remo"ed to Fort Sill for safe k~ping, experiment of allowing the Indians on the it h.-ing been found impo>chool at wa), but one who has made many wann Chilor, the United 'tates. Last winter an oroer was Geronimo and hi... rent1:'ade Apache band securt..~ in the Circuit court commamhng Jaughtered and .calped 4:!5 per;' ns in wuth­ Campbell to deli..r to a certain Indian of ('rn l"ew Mexico and Arizona between the the reservatIOn the money held in trht by vears I 00 and I~. At that time this repre­ Campbell for hun. The effect of thi> order ;ented one-halfof the AmerIran populatIOn f \\ a.- to release all of the money .0 held in t~e Arizona. In the vean: 1. and 1 • I. 126 W' re trl>t and make many of the Indians of murdered b\' hl~ and his band and ~e was re:;ervat on comparatively wealthv. The case respon~ible f~r the IdUin~of~eventY-5jx wblte was earned to the Supreme Court WIth the men. women and children on hi~ last ~eat a "e result and so it will appear that the raid in 1 -5 when General Miles accompanied Indians are Qot to hal e their money to do hy Lawton and Leonard Wood, hrought hI' with 31" they please in the future an)' more murderous caret:.'r to a ch.. e and he and the then the)' have had in the past. 46 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

The engineer and his detail have .tarted digging the trenches for the laying under. The News at Chtlocco ground of all electric wires now strung on poles around the campus. Mr. and Mrs. Lipps bave a new boy at their Mr. Roy McCowan is with us again. he nav. house. ing finished a term of stenography at pald­ Col. Pringle was at Cbilocco this summer in ing's College, Kansas City. He has charge his official capacity. temporarily now of the band. The Chilocco enrollment at tbis writing­ The nurseryman has many bushels of ap­ September 14th-is 802. ples stored away in cold storage for use at Christmas time. What will be nicer then Vacation is over; scbool has tarted. We than a good, big red, Chilocco apple! have now more than OUf quota. Mr. Lipps was operated on in our hospital ChiIocco's fame as an educational center is recently and is now convalescing nicE"ly. He bringing many desirable pupiis. will be able to report again at his new school, The band has been reorganized and has giv­ \,ahpeton, North Dakota, about the 20th of en several concerts this month. this month. Tbe large girls' basket hall squad during Thi is Mr. Robinson's busy time-trunks practice hours seems to draw tbe crowd. have to be handled by the wagonload and he • has had to meet trains for students coming Robert Leith now has charge of the Chiloc­ over the Missouri Pacific, Midland, Santa Fe co Eatshop. He keeps things neat and clean. and Frisco, all at the same time. P. Parquette, assistant superintendent at Ft. Defiance, made Chilocco a visit this sum­ Many former students of Chilocco visited mer. us this year during vacation. Some are in the Service; some outside working som~ in Chilocco is still green and beautiful. The l business for themselves. They are seeming­ many rains have kept our lawns and flower ly always glad to come to their alma mater beds in fine shape. for a visit. Supt. McCowan sent three of his advanced Superintendent McCowan shipped a fine pupils to Haskell on tbe first of September to young thoroughbred Poland China hog to the take the Business Course. Santa Fe school a week 3RO; also, a car of Three large frames filled with fine work extra fine young Durham milk cows to Supt. executed by the apprentices of the printing de­ Perry at Ft. Defiance, Arizona. partment is an addition to that shop. For the information of those who did not The INDIAN PRn'T SHOP has an extra choice get an August number of THE JOURNAL and selection of Na>ajo Blankets and Pillo," Cov­ who have made inquiries regarding same. the ers. Tesuque Rain Gods and Acoma Pottery. management will state that there was no As usual there are many new faces among i ue for August published. The printing de­ the student body. And the best of it is tbe partment boys were hO\ing an appreclsted majority are advanced-few below the fourth ··outing. " grade. The rooms in Agricultural Hall fitted up as One of the article of much interest to vis­ a laboratory for Mr. Risser, are complete and itors to the Print Shop is an old Bayetta Nav­ modern in every way. Specimen cablOets ajo Squaw Dress. This dress is \'alued at line the walls and new paraphernalia for con­ $i5.00. ducting experiments has been installed: The agriculturists should be proud of their new Hundreds of fish have been snatched from quarters. the lagoon hy the pupils during the summer. Cats, sun-fish, bass and suckers are plentiful Chilocco is like a new school with so many and big. new employees and pupils. There have been more changes among employes this year than The new pupils seem to enjoy the Athletic for the past four. Some have been promoted. Field and vutdoor Gym. Tennis, haseball some transferred, and quite afew have resign· and football games can be seen there ever; ed to KO into private business. Wherever night after suoper. they are our best wishes go with them. THE LmlAN SCHOOL JOURNAL • 47 Mr. and Mrs. Hauschildt. two of Chilocco's instructions the 00) '" get is frl)m some em­ ,.best employes. have gone to California to live. plo)"ee '" ho has had some experience as a They have bought a valuahle fruit farm near football player. fro Bent "as the team now Tulare. If all employes were a::: industrious, in charge. competent and loyal as Mr. and Mr.;. Haus­ childt. many cares would disappear f",m the Company F. the prize-winning Chilocco pathway of superintendent and matron. company, "stepped 'em off a few" the first week of this school term. The exhibitio" Helen Mitchell. graddate '05. who has heen drill was made by order of the superintendent in the business offioe ofThe Indian Print Shop so that the new pupils could J(et an idea of for over a year. left for Haskell Institute this what would be their parts in the Mihtary Tac­ month, where she will finish her stenOl(raph. tics course. The officers of this company are ical and business course with Mr. Birch, her 'Theodore Edwards. capt; Joe Dubois. 1st Lt.; teacher here. We regret to lose her. Ada Alexander Marques. 2nd Lt.; Manuel Domin­ James also went with her to take up the bus­ guez, 1st sergt.; Peter Davis, 2nd sergt. iness course there. ,Iary Rhodes, who with Lancisco Hill. both Francis Chapman has decided to take a Pima students, went to Lowell, lass., this post'graduate course in the printiOl( depart­ summer to live as outing students with afam­ ment. He is a good pressman-the work on itS there, writes to our superint~ndent that the JOURNAL shows that-but he "i,hes to she and Lancisco are pleased with the work, know more about handling stock, mixing inks place and people. and that they are happy. and the running of 3-color work. He is doing '6he says: "We arrived here a week ago the right thing. Too many Indian boys quit Sunday; had a very pleasant and enjoyable their trades too early. trip. I am glad to say I like my new home Mrs. Montgomery. who was recently mar­ very well, the people are very nice to me, and ried here and who was a sister to Mrs. Kelly. I. too, try to please them in every way. The our laundress. was operated upon this month house is very larl(e and what you would call in the Arkansas City hospital for appendicitis an 'Ideal Home.' Lancisco is well and likes and did not survive the operation. ",he made his work very well." They are both fine friends here during her visits to her sister, young Indian students. and her deatb was a shock to Chiloccopeople. She was buried in Kansas City. "WHY /" Peter C"lIios. a Chilocco graduate. and as­ The class of 190; is a fact. The !'eniors sistant engineer. was marned to Mi:' 'harp, have indeed distingui,hed themselve<. At teacher and Haskell graduate. July 21st. by the close of but one week's school they have Rev. J. Henry Tihen. Wichita. Kan<. They effected a cla~' organization. They have an are worthy people, a credit to their Indian able president. ,Ir. Ge<>rge Selkirk. a cap­ alma maters. Peter ha been tran~rerred to able vice-president. 1iss Grace Miller, and Pierre. S. D.. as engineer. They have the an efficient secretary and treasurer, Miss well wishes of pupils and employees. ,Iary Brown. ~Iore than this thel have a motto. It is this motto which. more than all The schedule of the Chilocco football team. else, gi\'es them distinction. In it is embod­ as arranged at this date. is as folio,,;: Sept. ied the spirit throul(h which all of the di'­ 29. University of Arkansas. at FayetteVIlle. coveries and inventions of the whole world Ark. Oct. 5. Stillwater A. and M. Coll"!':e. at have been accompli,hed. Truly there is no Stillwater. Okla. Oct. 13. Southwestern . urer road to wisdom than by wa} of an ae­ College. at Chilocco. Oct. 20. tiII"ater A. th'e. "wh\~?"- and M. College. at Chilocco. Oct.:Ii. Fnends Universitv Wichita at Chilocco. •·ov. 10, Blooded fip for Sak Wie~ita_ Friends iinh'el"!'ity, Wichit-a. at Cbilocco i.. in po''! ion now to suppl}' eu.::;. •·ov. 1.... KaJL<3S City A. C. at Kaosa.; CIty. tomers with blooded pi!:s of either sex of any The football squad are out for prattico e"­ .f the following varieties: Poland Chma. ery afternoon and night now. ..Yew matenal Berkshire. Che:-ter White, and Durnc Jersey. seems plentiful and it looks as th~gh ..e These pigs are all choice-none but the velJ' would have a good team thIS year. We lack • best beinl( put on ,.Ie-and all are thorough­ the training of an experienced coach. Chlloc­ breds derived from the best breeders. Prices co has never had a football coach; and all the reas<>nable. Apply to S. M. McCowan. up~ 48 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

OFFlQAl REPORT OF INDIAN SCHOOL \Iarit C. John-on. -eam,tre--. \lorr;'..)I~.I/ J. B. ~tey~n ... poultryman. ('hilocl:O. .1YJ."/ CHANGES FOR JUNE AND JULY Jame, A. Buncb. bIk.mlb.. Cbilo,:co. f)Iill..1' \lathla' Brennan. black,mitb.salem. ;~I.I Carrie E. Scoon. teacher. Grand Junction. / CIlANHS fOR }UNf. .)lIl. 'v . 1m ,. Geo. W. (pdegrore. hand leader. ChiJOC'1j Ap~n m~. i'o 0 Abba L. \IorriJI. cook. Kickapoo. 360.,r / L. tepheu :11. Yonn~, ni1!ht\ratchman. al. \lollie Lo"e, laundre;" Jicarilla. :'l(). / em. :,,1. Sarah E. ~Iar~b, matron KicKapo.o, :~I.,1/ II: I\-a: .Johll~on, as.;istant carpenter, Has: / Isaac D. Kephart. farmer. Phoelllx. ,50. YYf/:'ell. ij(WI. all Albert Flor. a ... ~i~taLlt clerk, Phoenix, i20. Fronia \\~anIJ assistant matron. WitteD- V liorman C. Campbell. teacber, Oloe. l\r..on. a .....j ... tant matron. Beatrice )JarioD. hou:-,ekeeper, Ft. Totten ! ~~w•.)nn. to a....btant matron, PUJall~p. day. 30 per month...... l- -4 • Grachia O..horn. a:-~l:-tant matron. We. ern , h,,,hone. -Ill(). RtSignaUons. Ij - / IT. II'. Lea man~ fior~_t. Carli-Ie. ;~l. R",ig••tions-Exc'l'ltd PnsiU.OllS-/;; KatherlDe. Ber"'.er.,l:ook, . lorn... ,"I().~latie Roy. cook PaD![Ultch. 4;11l. Carl H. \\ ~1I._.!lId I tchr.. Fl. Peck. tit;()Jtt!/. rilz Cook JalxlTer. San Juan.. 4 ;' I Etbel E. II bltaker. teacher. \JoqUl. 1,;0. ;// Xancr \lobe. laundre-,. Lembl. 4~t~. ;; Frann:.. J. Bo~d, a....::o.t. mat., Oneida, 400. ~J Lee (';a~~a. ht'r_. Arapahoe, j,~0: J. H. Holl~nd. tcbr.. Pi~e Ridg-e day. 600:1"/ Leslie Hoffman, herder. Hice StatIOn. ¥- Tama ~I. \\ Il~on, tchr" l' ort Berthold, HM.I Je~sie Parker, ~eamstresS,PangUItch, 4__1. { THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

Littl~ 0 Elmore Chief, dj... ·iplinarian. Lc 1 1; J't... K (oberh. baker and hi 1iOO. a , 1:l(e ",alloi" lif,o. Peter lllllin... a....i ... tanl cnginee'. lbll!'. - cO,4,«). I Alex Boucht"r. ni~ht\fat(hman. Fort :' tl. Trlnsfas.. ten.4:?O. . .. ( hd", ~ ..... hl:: • :-'upt , Pala. 1400. tl ." ... 1./ . Gellu~ E. Baird. a ...,l.. tant priOla. t If- Che). L AT.. I'. I:JOI1. Ible.4 l. . / .Tohn H. \\ 11'-00, principal ka bt"l I) / LoUl:e It Hl~ham, ..eam.. trt'..... Second y~)O, to c erk. ~loqUi. '40. . ~It' ... a..WlI, Mumit" 'stlVt"f. teacbt'r, (Tmat el, -)·tH 11 .F~;nct' ....1 HUI d.lld. hou..ekl:eper. pme~t"a(ht'r. Fe E~ ~"t'lJ. tj()(l. Rld .. e. Wli. . . .IClht:-1 t • \\ htraker, tt"acher, S(geT. -"I. / AlfT~~ Brown. nJ!!hl at -hmJ.u, (dlllun- II teadlt"r. KICkapoo. .j!" me.l~l.•lw. A rna ~~. Wt"tJ!or. :""eam... ()II a-'d t~IO [I I' :)Inlon .Iary,uez, a.. :-.btant eD!!in~t.' ....hV-%'edl!... , .Iurri ,")tl(}. - / )Iountain, 31.)11. , ., .J.h (, IIl1f. f,nIner/Tung-lIt' I:i\'t'r, ~:!lJ, r ..\Iabd B. :-;bt'Try, hl)lJ-.,t'li:et'lJcr. l: 1. Iotten to ..-Ml't·ntt'r, Alhuqut'fqut'". ~:!o. day, 3fll'er lIIonth. '.. ,_ . ./ Burton B. cu ... tt'r, ... upt.. Southtrn rt~. ~ S~mut'l rh~~p:Jl)o. ph)"h...lall. Sal. ~ Fox., I4j~. In ... upt.. :\Ibllqllt'nl~t', 1'011. /' lo\\a. 300. dnea~ed. lit'll. E. LotH!. hlalk..,nllth. Ha~ \\anl liOO. ~ tu hlack.. mith. Chamherlain. tj()cl. Appoinlments-Uncb.ssified Service. Emdyn \\~. Tild,:n. Tt'ach~r. (·hilocco. ~ tiliO. to Patt"nt Office, \Ya..h., D. ('. Joe Joordan. lahorer, Red Lake, I;

Rdnsu.tClll

Laura E. Leeper, Cook, Fort ~pwal. MO. ~Iaggle ,E. Seldomndge, seam,tre".! John H. Hau,ch,ldt. Farmer. Chllocco. 960. %. uthern Cte. 400. ~illllie G. Jpnkin:-. Tea.cher. Fort ~IOja\'e.~\larie ~lcLau![hlin. ferr.ale iudu:,trial 001. 7techer. Standing Rock. 6011. Sopbit: Kru..,e. Laundre..,s. Chamberlain. __

~~amelia L Palmer, A"t. )Iatron. )IOrrb,% ResiflUlions-hc'Jlled rosil~ons. /; iiOO. . Ada )1. Jame,. cook, MoqUl, ;HO. )lary T. Hill. A"t. Seam,tr",. Phoemx.; / Alex Yonn~. a"t. cook. Salem 4:!O. I 540. I Kid Ca ""n'''. / Jame T. Boyd. laborer. Ft. Sill. ~. ~ Wm. Smith. laborer, Fort Sill, ' V / Wesley 1"ley, laborer. Phoemx. ;HO.'/'./ Geor~e Bowman laborer. Haskell. -I&l. / Peter )Iartinez, baker, Chilocco, 400,,1'/ Frank E. McCun~, laborer, Cmatilla, -I&l, / James L, SmIth, lahorer, Omaha. 420. / / George)!. Smith'. laborer, I,seton, '!SO, Of / There,a Connor. baker, HaytOO. - ,/ / Ella Ro-s. baker. \\lld RIce RIver. -Ill(). ij John Hun,berger laborer, Blackfeet. / Henry ~a,age, lab·r. Pottat Ie enne Rl 'fer. 't\N. I To be upbeld or trodden on by tbo..e b od~ Adalene E. KjDg~ley a:,,~istant matron Wb03e oflsprin2: snffered torture.. at our a. Wittenberg,400. " -University af Ut ab CbroDicle. fbucational l\epartment ~

EVERY EMPLOYEE IN THE SERVICE IS INVITED TO CONTRIBUTE PAPERS TO THIS DEPARTMENT

EST..\BLI HI. 'G SCHOOL G..\RDEl T

By A. K. RISSER

HERE is a growing intere~t in the mat­ tenant school-master. 1t is mOTe thtn an tero! agricultural instruction in our pub­ experIment to show how lhin~s grow. It T lic school and the courses of study in a represents a successful entl?Tprise as well as number of .~lates are designed with the pur­ an object lesson in elementary agriculture. pose of introducing the suhject as a regular These conditions do not exist in America study. Th~ trend of the work is practical and and we Are not advocating them for the eventually must have more or less influt'nce t. S. Indian Service. Yet, writ~rs on the on the inJustrial development of the country. subject make frequent reference to these Some one has said that agriculture in its foreign systems and cite them as mooehL broadest sense is the primary basis of wealth The function of the school garden in the in this country. Considering the eO\;ronmenl Indian Service is very much that of the gar­ of the Indian it seems essential that efforts den in the rural school. It is not to give the should be made in our educational system Indian child a new experience, or to illustrate for him to bring early to his mind facts which the growth of some certain plant, but, rather will be of value as emphasizing the import­ to help make the child's enviroment moresig­ ance and necessity of 3,!!ricultural work. nificant to him. The educational application There is no better way to do this than is even more important here than in the city • through a well managed and well conducted schools where the main object may be an aes­ system of school-garden training. thetic one. In l!S99, under the direction of Since nearly all the schools of the Service the Commissioner of Agriculture for Canada, have tried the gardening experiment during the school children from Prince Edward Is­ the last year or two, a bit of the history of land to Briti,h Columbia began soI\;ng oats the school-garden movement mal' not be un­ and wheat from selected seeds: in three years interesting. While the school-garden move­ the gain was 27 percent in weight for oats ment h~re in the Coited tate:- may be and 2l> percent for spring wheat, The school comparatively new, it has for a long time boys' eorn gro",;ng contests as instituted in been a feature of the educational work of the states of the corn belt have increased the continental Europe. According to a recent yields on many fanns from ten to twenty per bulletin bI Prof. Davis of of the tate,-or­ cent. The ;;chool garden movement if prop­ mal School, Chico, Cal., the first reference erly directed by competent instructors should to school gardens for purely educational do wonders for the Indian ariculturist. ..'ear­ purposes was made by Commenius (1592-10.1) ly all our Indian children know how to plant in his Didactica Magna. He says: "A school and grow a field of corn, but they need to be garden should be connected with every school taught how to increase the yield from 30 where children at times may fast their eyes bushels to 60 busheb. or more. It is the pro­ ~chool on tree-, flowers and herbs and be taught to ,·inee of the garden in the Indian enjoy them." Pestalozzi (174,-1 To) was a schoob to equip the Indian pupil with the farmer as well as an educator. He expressed knowledge neceessary to make him a succe:)S the \\;sh to make his farm the central point agriculturally. He has been given the choice of his agricultural and educational efforts. of the reservation lands and the schools Froebel (17 2-1852). in his Kindergarten in should prepare him to make the best use of Thuringia gave employment to the larger this natural capital. Aside from the fact that agriculture is the children in gardens. The school garden of certain parts of basIS of our wealth and the Indian has his Europe forms a portion of the income of the capital in the form of land, there is another CORRELATION OF CLASS-ROOM AJ'D GARDEN STUDIES.

Garden 'Work.. Language. Reading Outdoors. Indoor",. Spelling. Oral Written

I. ils: J. SOil.s Renew work A Dian". _-t''W word... PO::.ilion of Ph"\-,;ical proper d(.oe in tbe - Soi1~. when n..C'd tfe",. ,arden pre· Formalion. paratory to Maio-lure rei a writing i 0 uoo. the diary FenHitv. Cbaract"eri.. tic.. of good garden ... oil.

2. Preparation at 3. Le--'OD:') on tbe Oralle...son.. Do. tbe gronnd' preparation of in garden­ Fertiliza the2"CODOd ioe- as indi­ tion. a. Fe-nilizatioD ca·ted under Plowing. Kind,., of fer Harrowing. tiliters . Garden 'Wor k-I 0­ Rakingtools Time to ferti. door.. Iize. How to feni­ lize. b The plow, tbe barr 0 w their u"es,

t Seleclionof Do. Seed.. : Leuer:. writ Do. Kiod'$ to be ten Corcata· planted. logne,," Wbat ace good "eeds~ Seedcata lagnes.

select i 0 0.., 5. Plan of tbe gar· from "t\h Do. den: -Summer' Do. Di'-hlonof In a Gar. labor den," b. Rotationof L'barle"" crop" DUdle" Warner' ------6. Ordering t be Seed. Do. Letters writ· Seed Dealer,., ten orderiog Amount of seed~. .... eed.

•. Laying DOL tbe garden: Do. Do. State. String. ('" ... e of the chain. The measur­ ing sUd:.

. Planting t b e 9 Re\'"iewof plant" 'eed' ing tbe \'"anon ... Do. D" 1 Pea."i. ...eed.. 2 Radhb '>eed_ 3 Lenuceseed. .. Beans. 5 Corn. 6 Potatoe" Pte.

10. Germination ~Iecti 0 n .. Do. Written de· Do. of seed:. from "M\" ~eriptions II and (jard~n nae ing •. tbe de" by Celia \'" e lop ­ ThaXter mem from "eed to ,"oong plaia. CORRELATlO" OF CLASS-ROOM AND GARDEN STl:DIES.

Anthmetlc and )faunal tram­ ue(·grapby Pl.a.nb Orawtng IHM)kk. epln~ 109. and bh'.OTl"

JllaJ;:ram 0 f a B<)X If Dec CUOD of a ar\" to ~ltI boW1D~ bold iJ .n 10 ~l n.

Calculate the The ~(, dv )f ~kelbofa Amount of ,-an .. ani pl'IW fertilizer. mal... as they Dla ram of a Tbi(kne.... are found: barr w r terti- E oil r t b· hzer. worm Bookkeepi0 ~ Toad. ('a .. b Ole Junebet'lle COUOL Ladybu£" Price of ChipptOIC fertili ....er. ..parrow. Prll-e of Roblo. JllowiDl! CroW" I.nldlloch. purple linch etc.

Fiod tbe area Plan of tbe 01 tbe ~arden whole ~ar dnd 01 eacb den drawn Illal 10 feet. tn (·ale. al-rt'.. ell" Plan of InLlI­ \Idual pial' drawn til '-rale Calculate the amouot of ..eetl ... to order Bill of ..eed.. for hook '~pint"

\Iakin~ '-take.. frc,m lath.. jakin measariDI:" '-ucl

lDd all.' 00 in \faklD£; label.... dh1doall4ats f.r plaouD£ ...bere ~eeth ..ed .... are plaoted

10. ~ttldl" f the t"ennl-naIon \ '- de.. of 'Ira (Ifc;~ er or ketcb 1 DrT ('d. e b 0 "0£ ~ 13.10. ed st'fi1 tbe del'elop­ 'jlroolt­ meat fro m ,eed tbe t'd lotbe .. Yoon~ ed ,. DOg plaot. IIDt" to LIIe bed a.~e\-eril lart::e toed lint"" ti. YOOD~ plant CORRELATION OF CLASS-ROOM AND GARDEN STUDIES.

Garden work. ReadiD~ ~peIIiDC. Ontdoof":. Indoors. Oral. Written.

II Stud\'" of the I!. Condition... for young '-eed- growtb. Oral les"Qn.. Con tin u e d ~ew word... de~ription3 lin~ in their ."i , f n n d e r in garden wben u"ed. bed~. Plant... ioc a ... indi- "'howio£ tbe How f(b,{ :.he (a'ted under growth" 0 f seedling .. 'G a r den the planL grow. 'Wofk - I n- •0\ n \'" marked dOl)f';.• ('baD2:e~ in their grOwth.

13. Care of young 1-1. Rel"iew... of the llo. -.eedling... in be~t Waf"'" of Do. tbe garden: tran... pla-nl· Hoeing. iog. Thinning. Weeding. Trao..plaDt- C"'e of lD"'ectj· ing. cide... Weeding. C"e of in ... ecti· cide.... Watenng.

15. Care of the 16. G row 1b o f Selectioo~ ~arden dur.' plauL..... Do. Some de­ Do. ~llm- from Olher scription.. 109 tbe Leaves. garden mer: Flower.... oftlower- Cultil-atiog_ !look.... Hoeing. Weeding. Watering. Planting the !>,econd crop.

I•. Gatheringh. Study of- cro~: FrUit.:.. 0.>. Description... 0,/, Picking frUit. ROOts. of fruits. pea ... bean~. "'qu~b. etc. Pullingplan~ radbb. let. tuce, etc. Digging pota­ toe... Inr­ nip'

W. Selling crops­ Preparation 0.). Do. (or market­ ~bakiDg off ctirL Cutting top". Bunching. Packin~. Taking home or to the market.

~. Collectin£~I. Preparto~ ... eed: ' eed Do. for winier Pictin~ ripe Openjn~ fruiL fruit TakIng OUt Drying wben ~ed, nece:-- ary. Wa... hing <"eed. Labeling "'eed.

:?'1 Clearing the garden for Do. lrtnter; Do. Pulling 0 I d plants. Raking ioto piles. Burning brush and rubbish. CORRELATION OF CLASS-ROO A,'m GARDE.'· STUDIES.

Arithmetic and Animal... Plants. \lanaallrain· be<"·crapb,. llOI,kteeplng • D. and bi.. tory•

~ tondltton Excun-JOu... 10 for ~ro..tb otber J:arden... Mol..tur Wumtb. L cbL Food. Air

14. The nri· ~fdtin~ a dib ForeijrD ~a r au... in.. ec~ 11 I e for den, or pe..L.. of trao'l,laDl ED~li..b r; a r the garden of=". den.. italian ('utl'illrm. ~ardeD'" Jal'­ Potato bog. aD e ... e ~ar ~1}u

H Water

\,egelablt;, I" ~lDd,· of lK \\'

very good reason why he should be encour­ failed to grasp the object of tbe work her­ aged along agricultural lines. His physical self; there was no correlation. Here with condition calls for a life that takes him out this article we insert a chart showing the of doors. The original purpose of the school manner in which the problem of correlation garden in the United States as begun by of the garden and class-room studies has been Henry L. Clapp in Boston in 1891, was to worked out by Miss Brown of the State Nor­ afford a more rational sort of physic.1culture mal School, Hyannis, Mass. It is full of for the children and it was its success in this suggestions and I believe it shoul~ be helpful and other respects that led the Massachusetts to the teachers of the Service. Horticultural Society to encourage the estah­ Now is a good time for the teachers of the lishment of school gardens in other places in en-ice to begin making plans ior next year's garden. The lessons taught during New England. .\s a result the movement the fall and winter should be the basis for has grown uutil today school gardens are to observation to be made during the gardening be found in e,'ery state of the Union. season. In the gardens of the city schools the work Outline your work and then teach it system· scarcely goes beyond the growing of vegeta­ matically, as you should any other important subject. If the lessons are left until spring • bles and flowering plants. In rural schools the program \\~ll be too crowded and the val­ • and in the schools of the Service this kind of ue of the garden lost. Many features of the gardening is properly assigned to the girlsand school garden work that ar..not satisfactory to the small boys. The boys of upper grades and we invite you to send in your expen­ ences for publication in the JOURNAL. We I will not be interested in this kind of work would like to know how the different schools and if required to take it they do little more solve the problem of summer care of the than worry the teacher. Give these boys small gardeu. plots of ground and let them see actual field SPEGAL EDUCATION ESSENTIAL. results as they are obtained by different meth­ ods of tillage, or have them improve a vari­ It has been well stated that "new occa­ ety of corn, or by selection produce a new sions teaoh new duties." The fact is, old strain of wheat, and they will he interested. things are passing away, and all things are These are among the more advanced lessons becoming new. We are on the threshold of • new e!ldeavors in respect to agriculture as in school gardens and there is no class of well as other occupations. schools that should be more ,uccessful in this The new way 10 agriculture i through kind of work then the schools of the United thorough and practical educational methods. States Indian Service. \Ve have more facd­ Science is now the acknowledged handmaid of agriculture. It is yearly hecomlOg more ines at our command. we have more time, we and more difficult for a boy to become a farm have our pupils 365 days in a year, and furth­ owner, or even an expert farmer, by f~lIow­ er, we have a Superintendent of Indian ing the methods in practice before tbe IOtro­ Schools who appreciates the value of this kind duction of improved agricultural machlOer~' of instruction and encourages it Ly sending and the llse of commercial ferlihzers. ItWill not do at the present time for any young out helpful suggestions. man. without special study and practice, to The great trouble with the Service is that hope that he can work himself up from the too few of our teachers are capable of prop­ position of common laborer to that of an ex­ erly directing this work themselves, and un­ pert farmer and make the farm pay. except bl' adopting progressive educatIOnal methods. less the teacher is comp etent to carry the 'The first step for any young man to take IS work through, it had better not be started. that of acquiring as good a prehmmary educa­ To fail will cause a 10 of interest which tion as can be obtained in our puhhc schools. fo~ will take years to revive. We wish to en· This will place him on the vantage ground I future progress. Then should follow Specl" courage our boys toward agriculture, but education in the state agricultural college. failure aud incompetency on the part of this to be in the line of his bent, whether It teachers will do much toward destroving the be that of prOJ(ressive or special tralOlOg 10 boys' agricultural inclinaltons. • some mechanical pursuit. The day for vault­ One point in which our teachers are .pecial­ ing unprepared into positions that command high salaries has passed away never to return: ly weak is to ee the relation beteen thec1ass­ An education to do whatever is to he done h)' room and the gareen studies. During the the most approved modero methods is the de- season just closed I had the opportunity of mand of the hour. . educatio~ observing a number of gardens, The child­ Any young man having a good of the kind indicated, can now enter upon hI> ren who were considered as having the best life-work with almost the absolute certamty appearing gardens I think were getting the of attaining ultimate success in any occupa­ least out of the work, because the teacher tion for which he is thoroughly fitted. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 57

WHY TEACHERS FAIL t TEACH IG NAT RE STUDY

A~Y fail beeausethey are not prepared The writ(>r v) .. itetl a third-grade recitation a I for the work. There are tho,e who few day, agoo. The teacher asked, "How seem to think that anyone who can many have :een a tir tree'?" Up came nt'arly teach other subject., in the grades can teach every hand in the clas.~. The \\Titer doubts nature-study. It must be remembered that very mUt'h if a single member of the clas.... occasionally a teacher is found who is born so ever !;aw a tir tree. On a cold \\ inter dar short along this line that it i' a mistake to a teacher asked. "What kind of an eve ha~ expeet her to do anything at the work. ,'a­ a toaoJ'" Before the pupil. got through the ture has not blessed her \\;th keen obsen"alion; toad had a very peeuliar as~rtment of eyes. she scarcely ever thinks of the many prohlems The tt>acht>r a.~ked, "How many have seen in nature about her. Her interests ~ie alon~ an)' young ",d-headed wood-peekers thi, other lines. Her stock ofinformation and her ~prinl(?" In a short time a boy who knew disposition to inform herself are limited. he how to "work" his teaeher had a Po:'t actually sees nothing to teach her pupils. She does alive with red-headed wood-peekers project­ not possess the patience to search out problems inK their heads out of knot-holes. His princi­ and to carryon, for an indefinite time, abser­ pal happened to enter and suggested that the vt:.tions which lead to discovery of scientific boy go with him after school to the post in truths. The spirit of in\'~tigation is foreign question. The boy's memory grew dim as to to her thought. She cannot acquire it or where the post was located; he finally said cause others to do so. How can one with this that he did not see it but that his sister did mental endowment make a success in teaching "nd told him. In the end he had to admit that nature-study? he made upthe story for the occasion. [nthe To succeed one mu,t be filled with a love for same recitation there were ~everal other simi­ nature and have a desire to know more of her. lar stories, all produced because the teacher • One such will go out in the early morning, at urged something; because she accepted what­ noonday and in the twilight and listen to her ever was I{iven her and because pupils had teachings, and return to the schoolroom filled discovered that they could fool her. The with new life, bearing rich things for the pu­ teacher must know what pupils should see pil. In turn the pupils will catch the infection and be a skilled questioner to head off this and will make their little journeys and glean tendenc}' to see things that do not exist and rich harvests. to image things that cannot Le. The habit of Again, teachers fail to discriminate between truthfulness needs to beeome a part of the the essential and the non-e~~ential in their pupil's training, or one of the great lessons teaching. Oftentimes the trivial, the unim­ gained through nature-study will be lost. portant. receives as much attention in the Quite a common pedagogical blunder is recitation as that of geDunie importance. committed by thfo nature-study teacher in forc­ Pupils are left in the dark as to the relative ing c nelusions upon her pupils. It ofren value of whatthey have been tudying. This comt's about in this way: The teacher ha:s i, poor teaching. The teacber should not thought through her subject-matter; she ha' ramble anywhere in her work as fancy or the made her ob ·t:'nation and reached ht.'r con­ whuns of her pupils dictate. but she should clusions; everything seems clear to her mind. study her subject-matter and her pupils, so Why should it not be clear to her pupils! that essential truths may he made to stanJ This she a:sume:; to be the ca~e and upon this out in the recitation like mountian peaks basis doles out her generalizations, forgetting against the clear sky. Thi clear-cut teaching that they rna) be worse than meaningless to can be done in nature-study as well as in her pupils when gained by 'them in this un­ other studies. While flexibility in a course of natural way. For some teachers it is ea.. ier nature-study is a thing desired. there is no to think for pupils than it is to get them to reason why loosene!S in one's method in the think for themselves. uch teachers are recitation should be tolerated better at teaching their subject than they are Nature-study as often taught has a tendency at teaching pupils. They wonder why it is to make of the pupils the most expert of liars. nece '"ary to teach again a subject that has 11

58 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

,, once been presented clearly. Pupils must do study. The recitation resolves itself into a their own thinking and reach their own con­ pumping process. The operator works hard clusions if they are to be ofany value to them. and overtime at this educational pump, with Above all things the teacher of nature-study now and then a spasmodic wheeze as a result. needs to cultivate open-mindedness on the The well is dry. The pump is primed with part of her pupils. They must be re.dy to questions at the rate of one hundred during a change conclusions previously reached, if fur­ twenty-minute recitation. The result is a ther investigation and thought demand that crop of stories made up to fit the demand. the change be made. They need to learn to Others go fishing for ideas, using every kind base judgment upon reliable evidence. They of bait known to the pedagogical angler. need to know what to clas, as reliable evi­ Occasionally a nibble gives hopes to the fish­ dence. They need to be discouraged in basing erman and he feels certain that he is about to conclusions upon insufficient data. Right bere land an educational trout, but as he reels in it is hard for orne teachers to go slowly. his line he finds nothing but a bunch of weeds They are in such a hurry to tabulate and pig­ from the botton of the stream. There is no eon-hole every scrap of knowledge that tbe use fishing where there are no fish. child has that they can't wait to let tbe child Occasionally a teacher gets the idea that do some of the work for himself later in life nature-study teaching consists in carrying on, I when tbere is a necessity for it. before her class, a series of entertainments Nature-study is peculiar in tbat the material / along the line of experiments something of dealt with, for tbe most part, is at first hand. the pyrotechnic order. If these are carried This being true the teacber wbo tries to teach on long enough pupils will lose interest in the this ·ubjectwithoutsufficient suitable material more common things about them and hunger on hand, or within the reach of the chiid when for a show when the nature-study period it is needed, misses the pith of the whole arrives. There are times when these expeti· matter. There is a pathetic side to nature­ ments are just the thing, but as a rule an ex­ study which manifests itself, for instance, periment is a difficult thing for a child's mind when a teacher stands before her class with a to comprehend, because nature is tampered dead apple twig six inches in length in her with and the child cannot see the setting of hand and attempts to teach her pupils about what takes place. It is quite essential that the apple bud and how itis fitted to be protect we cultivate in the child the right mental ed during the winter. The humor of the attitude for the common things about him and situation becomes apparent when the class is that he comes to see in them that which is studing life and it is largely done through worthy of his attention. the study of dead specimens of plants and animals. As a rule dead plants and animals (This article is taken from The Nature do not manifest life. Pupils are intensely Study Review, published by M, A. Bigelow, interested, generally, in the study of life un­ 525 West 120th Street, New York City. der different forms and conditions. About it The author has in mind the teachers work­ the most interesting of problems cluster. ing in the graded white schools of the coun­ These problems suggest to us an ideal method try, but what he says applies so forcible to of instruction. When we can present our the situation in the schools of the Iodian work to our pupils in the form of • problem, Service that we have here reproduced it.) or a series of related problems, we have solved in a large measure the problem of teaching. These problems are found in the material of SOIL- TEACIIER'S WORKING SYllABUS. nature- tudy, hence the inportance of having that material at hand when it is needed in tbe (Prepared by A.. K. Ri...... er Teacber of ..\gOcnl- ture. Chilocco Agricullural bool.) process of education. It need not be implied by what .has becn said that the child must al­ Origin ofsoil. A bit of the history of the ways be wallowing up to his ears in material. globe. There are times when he should depend upon Agoncies Actire in Making soil.-Tempera­ what has been observed. However, most ture, gravity, moving water. ice, wmd; teachers will err by nothaving enough mater­ u e geography of vicinity. Air; soil, water. ial on hand when it is needed, rat her than by Plants and animals, having too much. Farmer's Clas.'lifirotwn of Soils. Sand, Again, there are teachers who seem to think clay, loam. Light and hea\'y soils. Soil and that they must develop everything in nature- sub-soil. . THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 59 Relation of Soil and Water. Amount of parl' nf the United States and is a weed in water required by crops; compared with rain­ many p;arden' and fields. In the uthem fall. Water-holding capacity of soils. Capil­ . tates it is e,.;pecially abundant, and when larity, percolation, eYaporation. cultivation cea. es or aft~r harvesting a ~rain Conserration of Soil and .lfoist reo Till­ crup. it frequently sprmgs up in such quan· age, level culture, dust mulch. C<>vercrops, t 'y as to afford one or two good cuttings of mulches. ub·soiling. hay. It Itrow, from 2 to 4 fe.t high, th. Tillage Objects of Tillage. Tillage to de­ stems are much branched and bear from three stroy weeds, insects, fungous deseases. Til­ to twelve slender purplish flower spikes. lage to modify texture. How tillage is related The stem:- are usually bent at the base and to texture. Implements of tillage; names, root ... are frequently throVin out at the lower uses, cost. Forms of plows. Implement cat­ jomts. The grass prefers a rather moist soil. • alogues, Draft of plows. Care of plows. It is never :own, but comes up spontaneou~· Objects, method and time of plowing. The I)" when cultivation of other crops cea.se~. sub-soil plow. forming excellent pasture m the uth from COllstituents of SoU ..\'fceS!~f1ry to Plant June to October, or until heavy fro't comes. Grou,th. Potash, phosphoric acid. nitrOl(en; It makes a hay much reli,hed by stock, and lime, iron, etc. Humus, what it . ; its im· for this purpose it should be cut befo~. the portance. Amount and kinds of plant food re­ eed ripen,. The hal' is easily cured in dry moved by different crops. Tbe supply of weather and is of good quality; but is easily plant food in the soil. Adding plant food to leached of its nutritive qualities by rain. It the soil; pot experiments, water cultures. does not shed rain well, and if stacked in th. Commercial fertilizers, their place on the open field should he capped with other grass. farm. Sources of nitrogen. Two or more cuttings per season are usual. Leguminous Crops. Names and identi­ In Bohemia and some parts of Germany crab fication of common legumes grown on the grass is cultivated on sandy soils for the seed, farm. Characteristics of legumes. the nod­ which is cooked as a mush or porridge." ules, their cause and growth. Pot experi­ Composition of crab grass hay; ments to show value of nitro-culture. Green ('rab(jra 0; Timothy WilLI Hay .. manuring. Value in a rotation. I~.O Water 10.3 pl'. cl. llr. l 6.jo,: lJr Cl. Ban-yard Manure. Its care and use. A... h 7.3 -I a 53 Application to certain crops. Field experi­ Protein li.9 60 lI,a, ments. C<>mposting. Hot beds. F her S::,P ':3f.tj . "Itr(lteD tr ~ ex. -11.0" .. 41.9 Rotin content than timothy. The per cent from drainage. Kinds of land that will pay of fiber, however, is higher then that of timo­ thy but about the same as that of \\ ild hal'. to drain. The per cent of fat is \~ery low. We eQuid find nothing on the digestibility of the gras, VALUE Of CIUIl GRASS. but belie" that it would rank with the above (Pallicu", sanguina/e.) crops. It would certainly be superior to either oat or wheat traw. A, K. R. Recently we were asked tbe question as to the value of crab grass for feeding purposes and also what its composition was. The ques­ &uk of Enfiond attn. tion was prompted by the readiness with The patronage of the Bank of England be­ which this grass covers the ground after the longs entirely to the directors, a clerk being last cultivation of com or potatoes, or after appointed by each director in rotation until a grain crop is barvested..There may .be the vacancie are filled, with the exception others who are interested m thiS mqUIry ofone clerkship in every se\'en, which is given so we insert the following, taken from a re­ to a son of one of the clerks of the establish­ cent publication of the U. S. Department of ment who has discharged his duties to the Agriculture. " "This annual grass is common m nearl) all satisfaction of the directors. RE~fI ISCEl CES OF CHILOCCO

By EMMA DEK. SMITH

1 ,Chilocco's one building without the weapons of defense, but rather tbe peace lov­ I sign of tree or shrubbery loomed up like ing methods of the Quaker. When they ar­ a giant I:ght-house on an inland sea. The rived he cordially invited them in and ordered little cottages along the Kansas state line, as a splendid dinner prepared for them. When they overl06ked the vast stretch of o;>en night came he gave them the best beds in prairies heyond, seemed to say, "Thus far the house. They remained three days muster­ we' can go and no farther." ing up courage to kill him, hut left and re­ Its first superintendent was Mr. Jasper ported that Major Haworth had made too Hadley. He had been superintendent of the strong medicine for them. They were ever Cheyenne school for a number of years and afterward his warmest friends; and when he was very successful. Chilocco was a pro­ became superintendent of all Indian schools motion, but he encountered difficulties here it was not a difficult matter to persuade them that were unheard of there; for the sending to send their children to Major Haworth's of children away from reservations to be school, as they then called the Chilocco school. educated was then but an experiment. Ar­ Major Haworth died suddenly of heart disease kansas City was the base of supplies for these in the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. tribes, and when they paid it a ,isit they not Chilocco was draped in mourning for thirty only carried home provisions, but their chil­ days. Thus passed away one of the noblest dren also. of men. Mr. Hadley was a fine Quaker gentleman, Chilceco's one building Wl>S made to serve tall and slim. I think I can still see him in all purposes. It was school-room, dining­ I that long, low ceiling chapel, his head reach­ room, ho,pital, everything; and the wonder ing almost to the top, and hear those good is that so many people and so many things earnest talks that held the att.ntion of Indi­ were ever crowded in such a small space. an pupil and employee. We went to "collee­ During the early history of the school run­ tion," as It was called in those days, every aways were more frequent than later on. It evening, had singing, a talk and prayers and did not surprise us very much if it were an­ then separated for our respective places of nounced any morning that seventeen had rest. taken French leave. I remember well one Major Haworth's idea in having the gov­ very hot July day a large boy who found it ernment set apart more than thirteen sections too hot to work in the harvest field had left of land, was for the purpose of estahlishing a suddenly for home. He was overtaken before little Indian colony of the boys and girls of he had gotten very far, dressed in three suits the school who would marry. His plan was of clothes, his way of purloining them, and to locate each couple on about ten acres of returned to the school, a cooler if not a hap­ land and assist them in living a civihzed life. pier boy. Punishment in those days was con­ He h.d great faith in the Indian and in Chi­ finement in a room without a ray of light ex­ locco; indeed Chilocco was called his "pet." cept what came from a hole in tbe door not He, himself, during the exceptionally cold more than four inches square. It was the winter of 1SS-l escorted over the frozen "dark room "mustv and smelled of dried streams and untenanted prairies, 90 Coman­ fruits and r:ments. .it was under the front che, Apache and Kiowa children, who were hall. We puni'hed a Wichita boy for refus­ the first pupils to arrive at the school. ing to read in class by ha,ing bim placed in He had been the first agent of the lower this dark hole. After he had been there long tribes, and although greatly heloved by them enough to be repentant we interviewed him. be still had some very thrilling experiences Away O\'er in the darkest corner he sat. among them. At one time for some trivial "George, why did you not read when your matter he ~ad incurred the displeasure of turn came?" was asked. For a moment he some of the prominent men of the tribe. was silent. He hung his head and looked piti­ Seven of them finally resolved that they fully on the ground floor of that musty rat would go to his home and kill him. He had infested place. Then he said, "I lo,t mr learned of their intended \'Isit and object, place." ­ like "will 0' the wisps" wandering over these robe himself of all gOl'ernment clothinl(. treeless prairies, from a little one-room laun­ Then giving to each a blanket he said; "You dry with smail hand machines to the larl(e want to be wild Indians. now go and be wild sleam plant with all the modern improve­ Indians." They both belonged to the same ments, from a small outside oven like our agency but were taken in different directions grand-mothers used to u e. to the bakery a distance of ten miles, and then dumped out where 2,000 hot rolls are turned out for "tea. " on the open prairie to get home as best And thus it improve..... The hope is now they could. The remainder of those engaged that it may not only develop civilized and in the plot were sent to Haskell Institule. educated Indian boys and girls, but that it where they remained fOT several years and may do as much for the Indian as Hampton proved them,elves very good students. This has don~ for the negro; that from Chilucco procedure broke up wholesale running off for may come forth an Indian Booker T. Wa.h­ quite a long time. ington. Some times the boys would corral a stray .heep, pig or calf. Then after night steal The ThOllW bJdi.ul School. out and have a little ta'te of home life· and Few pt'Ople realize that the Thomas Indian thel' did not stop here. The Texas fever got ~(hool i:s more than 50 years old, yet such is am~nl( the school herd of cattle and man)" of the fact. The corner ~t(lne of the institution, them died. Some of the bo)"s secured an old then known as the Thomas Asylum for Orphan rondemned caldron and were about to have a and U...titute Indian Children. was laid Sept. feast when an employef' remonstrated and H. I. -",. and the li",t buildinl( was completed 8howed them the danger and loath...;umenE'::is and rt'ady foroccu"ancyinJun(',l~)6. at \\hich of eating sick animals lbat had died, \\ hen time the fir:;t children were admitted. me ~aid, "You eat live cow; Both dead just The rnanal:ement ha' decided to celebrate the samE:." ",,,,oAt one time in Chiloccu·s history the chil­ thi: event, the semi-crntennial year of it dren's subsistence was very mea~er, e\en openin!! in connection with the c1vsing exer­ cise~ bread wa lacking. I have seen scores of of the school, Friday, June :!2, !9(lfl. little dark hands raised for more bread. but The school exerc!.,es will be held in the fore­ the bread or hard biscuit alluwance for that noon and the celebration in the afternoon. meal was all consumed. The disciVIinarian Lieutrnant Governor Bruce ha..... accepted an who had charl(e of the dining room when reo in\'itation to be pre:-oent and speak and it is turning thanks u -uail)" closed with these expected that Speaker Wadsworth will also be pre::;ent. words "Sanctify this food to the nouTlSh­ An interesting pro~ram, sufficiently varied ment 'of our bodies." The Indian children to be attractive to everyone, is being-prepar­ had committed it to memory. One day one ed. the details of which will be announced lat­ of the boys came to his teacher and said: er. Gowanda, lew York, J. Tews. ...--r-T~~------~-~-'.

AT \VOUNDED K EE

Ross B. FRANKLIN IN Sunday Magazine

NTHE eve of the battle of Wound­ she saw me enter, looked up with only O ed Knee it happened that I found a sort of far-away stare and continued Ii myself making my way on horseback singing, moving her body back and through 'the crusted snow, across the forth, keeping time with the tune. In country from Pine Ridge agency, her arms she held a bundle. The :' when a snort and sudden stop of my squaw seemed to be the sole occupant. I horse aroused me. Just ahead lay a Drawing the only weapon I had, a ravine skirted by a few pines, and as revolver, I dumped the cartridges out I looked a flickering light was made upon the ground and handed the out. It could be nothing else than weapon to her, handle foremost. Only the Sioux. Which band of the Sioux, then did the squaw cease her song and of course, I could not tell, and for my the rocking. Stretching out one hand personal safety it made a great deal she took the revolver, and then hand­ of difference indeed. However, it ed it back in the same manner that I was clearly a case of perish in the gave it to her. snow·, or tru t to chance in making "Keep it, Cugya," said she; "it can­ for the fire, and I did not hesitate which not speak," meaning that it was harm­ course to choose. less without the loads. Within five minutes I arrived at a No word was spoken in sometime. lone tepee, in front of which a spot I drew close to the fire and waited. The , had been cleared, and the embers of squaw showed me her bundle, which several logs were yet burning. 0­ contained a dead babe. body appeared; but as I stood there a "Cugya, " said she mournfully, low voice began to croon, then to chant "when Death calls there is no use to in a sort of mournful monotone which be deaf. Since dark I have sung the gradually broke into intelligible words, white man's songs; but, Cugya, the and this is what I heard: Great Spirit hears not, for my people Heel Waun /i:anin, are on the war-trail against the whites Hed lVQllll zeanin, who taught us songs and the Great Mita Wakantanka Spirit's words." Nlk"Jedan ... Assuring the squaw that the song Kakish Mayaupisha would go as far in the desert as from Etanhanto. the agency Sunday-school, she eemed I was dumbfounded to hear under a trifle comforted; but would not be such circumstances the words and entirely satisfied until I joined in and tune of "Nearer My God to Thee," sang the song with her. in the heart of the bad lands of South It was while thus engaged that two Dakota and coming from what must buck Indians slipped into the tepee. surely be the tepee of a hostile Indian. ly back was turned to them, but I The snatches of song revived me. could instinctively feel their presence, My blood seemed to quicken, and I and half believed that I would be killed staggered to the lodge, parted the flaps before turning about. The squaw, and entered. who sat facing the bucks, seemed in Inside was another fire, and in one nowise surprised at their coming, and, corner sat a squaw, who, although although I watched her face carefully, THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 63

she gave no sign until the song ended, Wounded Knee battle-field ju t as the when she raised a hand, and I cringed, guns ceased their thunder. and the feeling that I was about to be ticken crie of the wounded yet re ounded. down. My feelings of that moment are indescribable. Lo. The Rich Indian, One of the bucks spoke. "How!" It has become a time honored he said simply, extending a hand which complaint of the sentimental people to be sure I lost no time in gra ping. who have learned something of the his­ Once more I proffered my empty re­ tory of the American Indiansthat their volver, but they both waved it back. sad fate is chargeable to gross inhu­ "Keep it," said the one who had wel­ manity on the part of the American comed me. "The wise man should al­ government. at least since that came ways have an arrow left," which told into exi~tence. To the theory that me that on leaving the tepee I would Washington ha alway ill-treated the not find friends so easily. nation's wards there is a con iderable There were fully three minutes of set-back in the true facts a to present silence in the tepee, during which I conditions on some of the Indian reser­ could hear the crunch, crunch of the vations. Ifthenation robbed poor Lo in snow, indicating the approach of other the pa t, killed off the noble creature Indians. They came. How many I and confiscated the broad continent do not know, and down the gully I which was once in their undisputed pos­ could hear an occasional "Yi, yi!" half session, the government is now mak­ suppressed. ingsome amends at lastto what is left "Sing, Cugya, sing!" commanded of the aborigines. • the squaw, again leading with the same In Oklahoma the richest citizen are song, and although it was the trial of the Indians who have been taken mv life I sang again with her. under the guardianship of Uncle 'The squaw laid down her bundle and Sam. The land which were iet walked to the tepee door, standing a ide for them have grown so there with arms across the opening, vastly in value by the encroach­ barring the passageway, while she ment of civilization that upon their delivered rapidly a few words half in division have been made such fortunes command half in pleading. Her words for each member of the tribes as white men labor for the half of their brought silence as if magical. for he days. The announcement that the 1900 told of the dead babe and of my words Osages in Oklahoma are c?ming of consolation. Only one voice rebell­ into no Ie s than $ .000.000 I lit­ ed cn;ng: "The snake may often tle short of tartling. The distri­ ch~ng~ its skin: but it is a snake." bution will give individual property of the value of nearly .. 4.500 apiece. The two bucks reentered the tepee, To what use these dusky heirs of and the others left, followed by the the Great White Father will put squaw. their cash when they get it. is "They go to council." one of the In­ problematical. •Iany. ~rh~ps. will dians said. and after half an hour p~ s­ turn it to good purpose In Industry, since the development of the Indian ed the squaw returned. and I was told character under the tutelage of Uncle to mount my horse and be a~ far away Sam has been remarkable. But what­ as possible by daylight. ever happens. it is time to top wasting Not an Jndian watched me as I de­ sympathy on the Indian, apparently. (~lich.) parted. Detouring, I arrived at -Saginau Courier Herald. 64 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

INDIAN NAJru IN IOWA. ':gan," to which was affixed a pronoun si~. mfymg some manimate thing. Thus the wonl L. E_ Andrew'S in De:, ~OIOe-, Regi .... ter "Po-ka-gan," meaning a good place to cauh I see that the new park on the Woodward fish; also "Michigan" for the lake and state. interurban has been named "Wah-konshs" The Fox Indian name for Beaver creek which and that it isan Indian word meamng "pre;ty empties into Des Moines river, was "Ah-ma. water." The name is a very euphonious one, qua." from the little animal which huilt its but it does not mean what is claimed, It is dams along i!. evidently derived from "Wan-kon De-ko-rah " The Indian possessed very little entimen!. a distinguished Winnebago Indian chief, w~1I He lived near to nature, much nearer than the known in the early days, and a firm friend white man ever did. His vocahnlaC)' was ofpioneer settlers. His name signified "white limited, A word often had various significa­ bear," the word uWau-kon" meaning "white, tions. being interpreted by a gestore, sign or or "clear," as distingnished from opaque, inflection of the voice, butthe names of rivers The Winnebago word signifying "water" was and places were always derived from some "ne-shun-a-ka-tah." The Sionan or Sioux event, circumstance or thing, and hence were word was "Mi-ni." The Sioux occupied all the historic. It is regrettable that none of tbem northern part of Iowa in historic, if not have not been perpetuated in their original prehistoric times, and from them came the form, and not corrupted, as many of them names of most of the northern lakes. Thus have been by Anglicising attempts. we ha~~ "~ti:ni.-ha-ha." meaning "laughing As I said at the outset, "Wahkonsha" is a water, Ml-m-b-kon-ka, ,. or Hblg water," pretty, musical name for the new park, but as the west Okoboji was called; "Mi-ni-wash­ from the Indian point of view it is misnomer, ~" as East ?,koboji w~ .called, meaning for it is more green than white, while tbe good. or nice lake; MI-m Me-ea-e-ehe river abutting it was named from tbe colors Wau-kon," as Spirit Lake was called. mean­ decidedly contrary. 109 "the lake of white spirits or demon " It is pertinent here to say tbe Indian lan­ An ancient legend was that several band s. f guage has no word signifying profanity. If O an Indian swears he mnstdoitin the language the Indians' went to a large island in the ISak e and were mstantly destroyed by demons of civilization -of the white man. . (' ~ SPlnts. tIS of record by the earliest white people that no Indian would go near that Monom,nt Prnpo>ed for HistnriGlI Spot. Island, hence the name "Lake of th Spirits." e T. . McFarland, of Cable, Ohio, writing to the W..t Liberty Banner, proposes a monu· The Sioux word for Missouri river Was "M'- ment to mark the location of the Old Indian vil­ ni Su-cha." ~eaning "muddy, oily." I The Algonkm word Jor river w~s Use " lage of Wapatomica, He says: The Mississippi was called "Massa" ( PO't) •'There is one matter to which we have long " "( . grea been wanting to call the attention of the sepo CIvet), The Sauk and Fox Indians people of Logan county. We have long been who were of Algonkin origin, also used th' word "sepo" to denote a river, but thee of the opinion that the county by onme means or other ought to mark permanently the lo­ used the word "tuk" to signifiy "water'~ cation of theold Indian village of Wapatomica hence they called the rapids near K k' k formerly spelled Waughcotomica. I think the 'lpuck-a-che-tuk," meaning "swift wa~rU" people owe it to themselves and coming pos­ So, also "Que-que-tuk," from which theto~n of Quasqueton derives its name It terity to mark the spot while the location is . . was a yet well known to many of her older people. famous fording place where tribes and bands gathered to ford the river When th t "To this place General Simon Kenton . . e own was brought a prisoner, and would doubt­ was orgamzed the last syllable was changed less have been burned at the stake but for the The true name of. auks was Outagamles..' interference of the renegade, Simon Girty, The other was a nickname given by white who recognized Kenton. who had assumed the people, from their custon of painting th . name of Butler. and with whom he acted as faces with yellow clay. elr spy in the Dunmore expedition. Logancoun­ t)' should pride herself in placing a ,urtable . The a~k and Fox name for Des Moines monument on the spot, and mark the locatlOD rIve~ w~s 'Ke·o-sauk sepo'" meaning "dark made famous for the above reasons, full a turbId nver. " century and a quarter since. We "'coture!be prediction thatif Logan will lead, Champargn The Algonkin word signifying water was will do her part." HOW WESTERI 11 DIAl IS RE~lE~fBER CARL CH RZ

FROM TOE ST. LoUIS REPUBUC

EGARDLESS of the wav in which the bury the child in the anc,ent burying grounds R Eastlooks at the memory of Carl Schurz, of the tribe. The party had left Indian Ter­ says a writer in a recent issue of the ritory for that purpose, although its members St. Louis Republic, the dead statesman. is re­ had been refu~etl permis~ion to leave the res­ membered in Omaha chiefly as being the cause ervation on which they had been settled of the American Indians being addmitted to against their will. full citizenship in this country-not because Formerly the Poncas lived in . farthern he took the side of the red men in the long N"ebraska. along the. 'iobrara River. They struggle, but he, as Secretary of the Interior, had fought the Sioux in behalf of the whites issued an order which so aroused the West for years and had I",t 000 braves fighting the to the wrongs of the Indians that a crusade battles of the whites. For this a pTt"vious was started in Omaha whicb reached to all ecretary of the Interior had given them in portions of the United States, lasted even fee simple full title to their reservation and years and ended by Supreme Court decisions lands. and legislative enactments wbich made the Then Mr. Schurz was made Secretary of [ndian fr.. as a white man-if he chose to be the Interior and at the point of the bayonet so-to accept the conditions of civilization. had driven the Poncas down into Indian Ter­ Schurz had the order issued to General ritory depriving them of the lands for which Crook, then stationed at Omaha and command­ they held Government deeds. The Poncas ing this department of the army, and immed­ were left months wilhout rations in the new iately the cause of the Indians was taken up country and more than one-third of them died by Thomas H. Tibbles, late \;ce-presidential while there. Among those who died was the • candidate on the Populist ticket: General .on of the old chief tanding Bear. The chief Crook, Jobn L. Webster, who will probably refused to have the little boy buried in the be the next United States Scnator from 'e­ strange country, but instead. gathering some braska, Federal Judge E. . Dundy. and a members of hi' tribe, he started for the an­ score ofotber prominent men in the West. cient hunting ground' of his tribe, intending Pre\;ous to this fight every Indian in the to bury the child where generations of Ponca United States was subject to the orders of chiefs lay. the Secretary of the Interior Tbe Govern­ churz heard of the runaways and through ment was absolute autocrat Ol"er the destiny the War Department telegraphed to General of red men in the entire country, and that Crook, in Omaha, to arrest the Indians and authority was frequently abused fearfully. return them all to Indian Territory. But There had grown up in Washington and at the chief of the Omahas, Iron Eye, went to the Indian agencies in the West, a ring of meet the Poncas and offered them a refuge grafters who fattened off the spoils of the In­ on the Omaha reservation. dian Service. "We have all the land Standing Bear and Back in 1897 a pitiful procession wended its his people wish for; we have corn and meat slow way northward from Indian Territory. in plenty; come live with us," said Iron Eye. bound for the prairies of " ebraska. There But the Government, through Schurz, said were thirty Indians on foot and one old wag· II TO." Crook arrested the old chief on, drawn by two womout horses. In the and brought him and his followers down to wagon was tbe dead body of a child-an In­ Omah.. And with them came the wagon dian boy. The leader of tbe little party bearing the dead child. was the father of the dead child, the famous Standing Bear told Crook his indi\;dual Ponca Indian Chief, Standing Bear, a few story. The great Indian fighter knew the years later to be the best-kn wn Indian in general history of the Indians and was al­ the world-aod to speak in every city in the ready indignant at their treatment, but the cou~try in behalf of his own people. treatment accorded tanding Bear was too Standing Bear's party was en route to the nluch and e\~en the stern warrior rebelled. Niobrara country in Northern Nebraska to That nigbt Crook came into Omaha and had I'

66 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

an all night's conference \\;th Tibbles, then fully prepared and consumed sixteen hours in an editorial writer on a newspaper. A cam­ the delivering, occupying tbe attention oftbe II I paign of Indians' rights was mapped out and court for two days. On the tbird dal' Mr both men started out the next day to carry Webster spoke for six hours. And during ali I out their parts. Crook was to delay return­ the proceedings the courtroom was packed iog the Indians to Indian Territory until a with the beauty and culture of the city. write of habeas corpus could be asked for "Towards the close of the trial tbe sit­ from the United States Court on the grounds utation became tense. As the wrongs in­ i that the C

I honor and glory," said TibbIes. felt when Judge Dundy announced tbat Cbief Webster took the case and asked Judge A. Standing Bear would be allowed to make a : J. Poppleton, than general counsel for the speech in his own behalf. Not one in tbat Union Pacific, to assist him in making the audience beside the arm)' officers and Mr. argument. Poppleton agreed, and then a Tibbles had ever heard an oration by an Indi­ writ of habeas corpus was applied for in the an. All of tbem bad read of the eloquence of enited States Court at Omaha, over which Red Jacket and Logan, and the)' sat there presided Judge Dundy. wondering if the mild-looking old man, with It was the most notable trial ever brought the lines of suffering and sorrow on his brow in the West, and, in fact, the scope was as and cheek, dressed in full robes of an Indian wide as any ever tried in the United tates, chief, could make a speech at aU. It happen­ for by its decision 100,000 people were made ed that there was a good interpreter present citizens. -one who was used to 'Chief talk.' Thomas H. TibbIes attended every session "Standing Bear arose. Half facing tbe au­ of the court. Hear, in his own words, what dience, he held out his rig-ht hand and stood he has to say of it: motionIe,s so long that the stillness of deatb which had settled down on the audience be­ "The courtroom was crowded with fashion­ came almost unbearable. At last, looking up ably dressed women, and the clergy, whicli at the Judge, he said: had been greatly stirred by the incident, " 'That hand is not the color of yours, but were there in force. La""'yers, everyone in if I prick it, tbe blood will flow and I .ball Nebraska, and many from the big Eastern feel pain. The blood is of the same color a; cities; business men, General Crook and his yours. God made me and I am a man. staff in tbeir dre-' uniforms (this was one of never committed an)' crime. IfI had. I would tbe few times in his life that Crook wore full not ,tand here to make a defense. I wouI~ dress in public); and the Indians themselves suffer the punishment and make no complalDt. in their gaudy colors. The courtroom was ~ "Still standing half facing the audience, be . d . as galaxy of brillancy. looked past the Judge out of the wm o~ "On one side stood the army officers, the if gazing upon something far in the dIStance, brilliantly dressed women and the white people; and continued: f on the other was Standing Bear, in hisofficial .. 'I seem to be standing on a hig-h bank 0 robes as chief of the Poncas, and with hIm a great river with my wife and little girl. at were his leading men. Far back in tbe audi­ m\" side. I can not cross the river, and lm­ ence, shrinking from observation. was an In­ p;ssable cliffs arise behind me. I hear tbe dian girl who afterwards became famous as a noise of great waters; I ~ook and see t3 lecturer in England and America. be was flood coming. The waters nse to our fee , later known on both continents by a transla­ and then toour knees. My littlegirlstretcb~~ tion of her Indian name, In-sta-the-am-ba, her hands toward me and says: "Save me. Bright Eyes. I stand where no member of my race ever. ·' to guIde "Attorney Poppleton's argument was care- stood before. There is no tradItlOn • I THE I:DIAN SCHOOL JOL"R!'AL 67

me. The chief, who preceded me knew noth­ really wblte-headed Indian, too. It is tand­ ing of the circum:-\lanres that SUTT nd mt>. I ml( Bear old and decrepl. But he remem· hear only my little girl sa~: "Sa,e me.' In bers Carl :churz, and still blame, h,m for despair I look toward the cliff behin me much of the har ishII" t rou~h whIch the and I seem to see a dim trail that may lead to W~stern lndidn~ pa..! !";ed. a way of life. But no Indian ever passed over When told of the death of Schurz, the old that trail. It looks to beimpassahle. I make man smukt.·d a full minute l~fore answ~ring the attempt. the one word uf En/{lish which he ever uses: ., 'I take my child by the hand and my wife "Good. " follows after me. Our hands and Our feet are torn by the sharp rocks. and our trail is marked by our blood. At last I s<-e a rift in Passing of Tht Indian Nation. the rocks. And a little way beyond there are The weslt>rn port~onof map' of the United green prairies. The swifl-runniD~ water, States in u:-e half a century ago wa'i cQverl'd the Niobrara, pours down betwt>en the ~rt'en with the nam of Indian tribl:'s. There were hills. There are the graves of my fathers. the Sioux, the .1 1",,-, the . h,,,hon.-, the There again we will pitch our tepee and build Flathead,. the liros "entres. the Blackfoot, our fires. I see the light of the world and of the ArapahOt':'l the Crows and many mure. liberty just ahead.• The boundaries uf their respective countnes " The old chief became silent again. and were indefinite, but for all that, the guvern­ after an appreciable pause he turned toward ment in Wa 'hington made treatIes with the the Judge with ,uch a look of path

the sufferers to try the wonders of tbe sweat batb cure. It seemed a good idea to the Indian mind. If tbe white medicine man's prescription was good, the Indian medicine man's remedy would help it out. Indians' Sweat-Bath a Curt-aU. As a result of this reasoning, hundreds of The "sweat" bath of the Indians is a cure­ the stricken Indians took the sweathouse all warranted by the tribal medicine man to course of treatment and were flashed out of cure any thing and every thing from sun burn the pool dead as a result of tbe sudden dis· to corns. It is taken in a primitive but effec­ appearance of tbe measles. tive manner. Tbis plague of death visited on the tribe When the Indian feels the languor of dis­ was placed to the account of Dr. Whitman, rase stealing over his frame, he hies himself and he was accused of baving given tbe to a brook and in some convenient place by Indians poison when he pretended to give the side of a deep pool builds himself a them medicine. Partly, largely in fact, on Hsweathouse." This house is built of willow this account the massacre was planned and and hazel poles, OOnt like the center wicket carried out. Itis a fact, therefore that the In­ in a croquet set. Over these are wrapped dian sweathouse was the indirect cause of the skins and blankets until the place is practical­ Whitman massacre.-Portland Oregonian. ly air tight. An opening just large enough to allow a man to crawl through is left close to Home Life of the Nanjos. tbe ground, and tbi; opening is covered with a flap, which may 00 tightly fastened from In a very interesting article, "With the the inside when desired. When this house Free in Arizona, It in the June Recreation, bas been completed, the patient builds a fire Julian A. Dimrock tells something of the close by and into it rolls a number of large borne life of the Navajo Indians that sbows stones whicb he heats redhot. He than re­ them capable of as much jollity and ~ood tires to the interior of the house, accompanied cheer as any of us: by no clothes, the hot stones, and a large ves­ HOne day as [ was using my camera an In­ sel of water. He closes the door, pours the dian boy by my side made signs that he water over the stones, and endures a primi­ wanted to see. With his head under the tive, but at the same time effective, Turkish focusing cloth he looked for a lonj( time at batb. the ground gl:!ss, and then asked what made When the sick man can stand the heat and things go upside down. Upon this I had the steam no longer he breaks from the house model before the camera stand upon bls followed by a cloud of steam and perspiratio~ head, The Indian looked again at tbe ground dripping from everl' pore, and plunges head­ glass, tben at the model, tben again at th.e long into the ice-cold depths of the pool. ground glass, and shook with laughter. S"'.i This treatment is said to be effective for a eral Indian women followed hIS example an 'd tally great many diseases. It undoubtedly aided the merriment became general. InCI en - arks in tbe creation of a hardy race of warriors by one of the women made disparagmg rem . killing off all but those wbich could not 00 about pocket cameras where you saw nothmg killed by any tbing short of super-human and never received the promised pictures. agency. "When the dinner hour found us far from In ISH, while Dr. Whitman and his family the store we often went to some near-by were camped with the Cayuses, and just 00­ bogan and joining the circle round the sage- , ., d' with tbe ginning to have some success toward over­ brush fire WVlted ourselves to me coming their prejudices and gaining their famIly..Usual ' . Iy t h e d'lOner was of .mutton, . 'd . proVl - friendship, an epidemic of measles broke out broiled over the coals on a grl -Iron 1m in the tribe. ed from pieces of heavy wire; ears of gree~ Dr. Whitman and his wife did what they corn roasted OOfore the fire, and a kind °h could for tbe suffering Indians. The doctor asb-cake made from corn ground Wlt . ed with water prescribed for tbem out of his store of medi­ stones into a coarse meal, miX ked cines, and would have checked the disease in and salt, wrapped in green husks and coo. a all probability had not the jealousies of the in the ashes. Often the Indians were hke h t Indian medicine men, coupled with the cus­ group of children; jokes passed back and:;'I, toms of the Indians themselves, persuaded and every one laughed-OOtween mout u,· THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 69

Some merriment DYE"r a remark that seemed Asiatic orig-in IS the fact that he is a sun wor­ to have concerned me led me to ask for a shiper. You will find that the Indian has translation: 'The woman says that one of some beautiful theories concerning the sun the dogs has been carryin!: that slick yOu are and that he has a deep, sealed conviction that using a a fork around in his mouth. " There it is the father of the universe. H. E. Wilson was a single knife, and a famil)· spoon did in Okeene (Okla.) E31'le. stirring duty in many cul's; but the forks. be­ ing fingers. were individual. An Indian fOOl' to's Humorous Side.. seated opposite me, with grave expression and dignified demeanor, seemed like a charac­ A teacher from W)"ominl' relates the follow­ ter from one of Cooper' tales. I looked for ing; the passing of a pipe of peace and an Indian "Whether the noble red man has changed oration, but when this noble red man lifted in temperament during the last fifty or sixty his hand it was to reach forward and tickle years I do not pretend to know. but the fact with a feather one of the children. He then remains that the present-day Indian in Mon­ quickly re'umed his former attitude and.,· tana is a good deal of a wag, loving to josh sumed an expression of outraged innocence arid cracking his little jokes with an enjoy­ when accused by the tickled child." ment that leaves no doubt as to his Bense of humor. ..A few years ago I was engaged to Sun Danct at untonment. teach school in a tiny village in Southern For a number of days prior to the 4th the Montana. The schoolhouse, a little one-storied Indians have been collecting near Cantonment log shack with a mud roof, out of which grew in anticipation of the Sun Dance, which they weeds and grass, stood On the edl(e of the were promised they might have. The dance prairie, about half a mile from what we called as it is now allowed is much modified from the town, and something less then five miles the old custom, wherein the muscles of the from a large Indian reservation. breast were raised and a rawhide lariat in­ , It was lonely at best, when the children­ serted, from which the worshiper swung I had only twenty in the winter-were play­ continually facing the sun until the lariat had ing in the schoolyan!. One day what was my cut its way through the flesh. Now·a-days surprise to see a young Indian, clad in a bright they fast and dance to exhaustion, but are not red blanket, with eagle feathers on his head allowed to practice any of theold time cruel­ and a strinl( of buffalo teeth around his neck, ties. un worship is as old 33 the history of standing outside of the little square windows, the human race. Hindoo Priests practiced it staring in at me with all his eyes. thousands of years ago. A sharpened stick "He could not have been over 18. I was was driven through the cheeks of the victim old enoue-h to be his mother. and he was required to face the sun fnlm its "I was sharpening lead pencil at the mo­ rising to its sitting. ment. After he had watched me for a couple of The Islands of the Orient especially and mirutes, an amused expr '~ion on his bronzed ancient Japanese use the t( tern pole with its face, he turned to a youngster who was pia)"· Kenerology of the famil,· or elan wars, another ing near. form of sun worship. The ancient Aryan in " 'How many pony?' he asked, with aJ:rin, their book of Veddars, pra)"ed to the Giver of motioning- toward me. light and life and referred to darkness and "The lad doubled up with mirth at the idea cold as the evil one. The Aztecs that mil'hty of sellin~ his teacher for an Indian squaw, but race of people who inhabited ~Iexico and the managed to straighten out his face long en­ Central American states, who were great in ough to reply; everything excepting war, and who were ... even.' masters of all arts of the ancient Egyptians, " 'All right," responded the Indian, 'I go were sun worshipers. One of their customs fetch 'em." was to tear the heart from the living sacrifice "'And he jumped on his pony and cantered and hold it up to the first rays and the morn· off, apparently post haste for the seven ing sun while they chanted their son!:s of ponies. "Of course, he never came back. Teacher worship. The hollow places on thestone of the remained an unclaimed bargain on the hands altar where the blood was allowed to collect of her pupils till a call came to go to the can still be seen. One of the best arguments •'orth Yakima reservation. But the Indian that can be advanced that the Indian is of had his little joke all the same." 70 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL

of the agricultural and industrial departments. Mr. F. E. Leupp. the commissioner. and Miss "Lo" and Other People Estelle Reel. superintendent, have both vis­ ited Tuskegee, and hal'e decided more thor­ oughly to utilize many features of Tuskegee's The Y. M. C. A. of Carlisle la3t Saturday night closed a successful two weeks' cam'a work in connection \\;th that being done in the Indian schools. - Tuskegee Student. during which time they raised over $35,000 for a new huilding. The hand gave a fine All boarding school., in the Choctaw, Chick­ concert at committee headquarters Saturday asaw, Seminole and Cherokee nations will evening during the closing hours of the can­ probably be run on a contract plan next year. vass.-Carli:::.le Arrow. Superintendent Benedict \\;11 recommend this The White Earth (Minn.) Tomahawk, pub­ to the Commissioner of Indian affairs and lished 00 the Chippewa Indian resen'ation, there is no doubt hut what the plan will be predicts that ten years from the present time adopted. Heretofore all supplies for these there will be but a few full-blood Indian chil­ boarding scbools, except tbose in the Choctaw dren on that reservation judging from the nation, has been purcbased by' the superin, manner in which the whites are intermarry· tendent and cbarged to the tribal govern­ ing with the Chippewas. ment. The plan is to award the contract to the superintendent. This is not only a saving It is reported that there are now 2,000 in money but eliminates a great deal of un­ Osage Indians on the citizenship roll of the necessary "red tape," The tendency of the tribe, according to tbe annuity payment re­ government, especially in school matters, is cently made to them. This is an increase of to simplify the work. eighteen in the tribe since March. The mem­ bership has steadily increased during the last The Indians who are to become citizens of two years. The number of Osages dying dur­ Oklahoma will be much better off financially ing the past quarter was an even dozen. and sociallv than e,'er before. The I'ast mineral re~urces of Indian Territory and In the vicinity of the Village of Rodman, the agricultural wealtb of Oklahoma will en­ New York State, they are digging up the re­ rich the citizens of the new commonwealth. mains of a prehistoric people who were pos­ The wealth of tbe Indians in coal and iron sibly an Indian tribe. Eighteen skeletons lands, which He among the richest in the have been unearthed on the farm of Homer J. country, has been estimated as high as $4.' Hearth. Raymond Harrington. field archaeo­ 000,000,000. Even if this is too high an esti­ logist for the Peabody Museum of Harvard mate the \·aluation is certainh much higher University, has been directing the excavation than 'was the aggregate wealth of the United work. The bones \\;11 be placed in that mu­ States about seventy years ago, Additional seum. settlers will pour into the state and it will The first full· blooded Indian to receive a not be long before the mineral and agricul­ diploma from the rniversity of Wisconsin is tural resources are well developed. Thomas L. St. Germaine who belongs to the The Whitb Earth Indian resen'ation ,,;ll be Lac du Flambeau tribe of Chippewas. St. thrown open for settlement. it i believed. no Germaine entered tbe law school two years later than this fall. President Roo>evelt ago. He has made a reputation as a student has given his approval to the measure under and an athlete of no mean ability. He is which the Cbippewa fullbloods and halfbreeds directly descended from the first family of the are to be given tbeir allotments of 160 acres Chippewa tribe which ruled over Wisconsin each, with all restrictions as to sale removed. three-quarters of a century ago. St. Ger­ There are 704 000 acres of land on the reseT"! maine, a giant in stature and 25 years old, valian, and 3:500 Indians to be given their will return to his home in Rhinelander and choice of a quarter section each. After all engage in the practice of law. have taken allotments there will be quite a Mrs. L. McCoy, connected with the office of tract left to be taken by homeoteaders under the Commissioner of Indian Affairs at Wash· the terms of the act. The important feature, ington, was at Tuskegee during the com­ however is the removal of re:3trictions on mencementseason studyingTuskegee Institute sale of the allotments. This means that thou­ methods, and especially the features in con­ sands of acres of choice land will be thrown nection with the annual exhibit and exercises on the market inside of a year or two. THE INDw' SCHOOL JOURNAL 71

The Navajos ha\"e ~(lme pronounced view. DEATH Of MR. UWlS Y. ElUS. concerning treatment of the Fick. OUT medj. cal missionary at Jewett, Dr. Cora Sotarr, Offlce of Indian AffaIrs, has been \'i~iting the horne~ in the endeavor Washington. D. C., July 12. to teach methods somewhat Ie: ... Hrenuous to say the least. .."'he finds that sick pen;ons The Acting' Commbsloner announces to the Offire the death on yesterday of Le.,is Y. are not allowed to ~leep. cold water being Ellis, chIef of the files dm;ron. thrown over them if nece,:;:-ary to keE'p them It w,lI be mtere tmg to the Office forre awake. the fe-ar being gn'at that eVil 'pirits to know that un the very Jaj of his death will carry away thu:-e who are ill \\ hile- the\" ~1r. EIIi' name "'as to have heen sent to are sleeping. When one has fever he ':; als~ the ecretary of the Interior for appoint­ cooled regardle!-s of consequences. For in­ ment as Chief Clerk of the Office, a position stance: "A little baby about six months old created bJ law at the last se~sion of Congress was "ery sick with pneumonia: the medicine In hiS Jetter addrE'S ed to the Secretary ree man had its mother remo\'e its clothe-s and omrr,endinjl ~Ir" Ellis for this respon...ible he poured cold water oyer it while he chant­ position. Commk ioner Leupp said: ed his heathen song. It j:-; needless to :-3Y it "Some months ago, in an informal conver­ died the same day. The grandmother iold satIOn with you as to faithfulness and effiicien­ me afterwards she thought the medicine cy in the clerical st:rvice of the Indian Office, man froze the baby's heart. "-Hollle J/issirm I cited as my model of a good clerk one man, .lfonth/y. of whom I said that he entered the Office on The chief- of the tribes in Indian Territory May 24, 1 79; that in nearly 27 years of ser­ and Oklahoma are of high standing finan­ vice he had had only three days of sick lea,'e; cially and are prominent in many il'duslrial that he had been late in arrivin~ only once in enterprises. Indians al'e amon~ the terri­ all that period. and then was detained by the tory's bankers, merchants. planter.. , farmers. serious illnes~ of a member of his household, stock raisers, physicians. lawyers and ooitor5. that his habit is to rearh his desk a good while There are in the United States in round num­ before theday'~ work begins and not leave till bers, excluding Alaska, 214,000 I"dians, scat­ lon~ after it has ended - never until his own tered through twenty-four states and terri­ field is cleared completely; and that in this tories. Of these, 260.000 are west of the and otht'r wass he has worked over-time evers year more hours then he had taken in Mississippi. A ,'ery larg-e percenta~E" can hb annual leave~. I may add to this remark­ speak English and most of them dre,s as the able recfln.! my versonal tribute to the admir­ white men. A great number are elljl3j!eO in ahlt' way in whit'h hIS work is performed. The i'ldu:-.trial pun;uit~ in the west. man~ r the divi Ion IS :-uch an illustration of conscien­ tillu.... l u:-;ine:-o" method"i that I shuuld be mo:.t children are attending government .-chools, rt>luctant to take .Jr. Elhs awav from it if And colleges c(,"lain many young men and he had ntlt po:o;itively won the promotion women who aTe makin~ splt>ndirl educa­ which. with your approval. awaib him. tional records. Ther~ has been no Indian war "I feel afI the more sati:faction in recom· meoding .1 r. Ellis for the Chief Clerk>hip of since the ~ioux outbreak in ... nth Dakota in thi,Offire her han' l'"ome. 3. a ret'(lcniti( n of merit traffes as ",ell as $ruing' into 3l!ricultnn.J and alon€'. unbarked by :-~('alled "influence." In minim! pursuit. The Ikttional ~OHrnment eacb place he ha; held he has gone quietly ,till expenrls a little over ,~,rO).ooo an!l~ally about hI_ busme" and performed it to the for educational purposes among' the tnhE's. be.. t of hI:" PO\\ er.;:, and hi:, ~uperi

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NORTH,EAST AND WEST

FINE SERVICE (81 LOW RATE

Best Line to St. Paul and Minneapolis.-Trains leave Kansas City 11:35 a. m. and 9:40 p. m. (lBest line to Chicago.-The "Eli" leaves Kansas City 6:20 p. m. Best Line to St. Louis.-Three fast trains from Kansas City: 10 a. m. -9:15 p. m.-11:45 p. m. (lBest Line to Denver.-Leave Kansas City 9.50 a. m. and 9:40 p. m.

(lBest line to the Great Northwest. - Black Hills, South Dakota, Billings, Butte and Helena, Mont.; Spokane, Seattle and Tacoma, Wash., and Portland, Oregon.-Leave Kansas City 9:50 a. m. and 6:05 p. m.-Through Tourist and Standard Sleepers and Chair Cars.

C. B. OGLE, T. P. A., E. A. ABBOTT, S. W. P. A.,

823 Main St., Kansas City, ~o. Kansas City I :7t1o.

THE POPULAR SHORT LNE

BETWEEN ST. Loms, KA.."S!.S CITY ASD POIXTS I" ARKA."SAS A),"J) L''DIA.'' TERRITORY AND AR­ KANSAS CITY. ELEGANTLY EQCIPPED TRAI"S TO COLORADO AND THE PACJT lC COAST.

H. C. Tovvn.sen.d. G. p. & T. A.

ST. LoUIS. ~lIS OCRI.

The Joqrnal Covers a Field all its Own The Only Way to Reach Employes of the U. S. Government.

MenUon the JOUBS.u whenever JOu write our advertisers. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR ·AL--ADVERTI IXG SECTlOX 75 AWONDER WORKER Marvelous Discovery For the Cure of all Forms of Constipation Not a PINS Habit but a Cure-You Decrease STERLING the Dose Until Cured. SILVER Enameled Red, After many years of study and practice a physician specialist has discovered the cure White, Green for constipation. It is called Chase's Consti­ Prtct 50c pation Tablets. STERLING SILVER HI do not mean," said the physician to sev­ SPOONS. eral of his colleagues announcing his success, ."1) I...... lij a,.'dock ...11t "I do not mean just another pill that hreeds ut,aboma Handle. the pill habit. My remedy is a cure. By ',"). __ ~_lo.IDdlaDU re lQ t1at Handle. gently forcing all the OrJ(ans to perform their · ·il. 3. ~.50. Same a." ,.<). functions it restores them all to health and ~,c.lltaod Enameled 8.)..1 strength." • ° 0 ," !.$ Head on frooL Tepee on b<'lck "THE MORE. THE LESS." )f Handle. "The more you take the less you need until Xl). 5. ".w. ~ll.~ and Style of llIu~tratlon you need none-for you are cured. My effort ·'0. ft. 2.75. Same a Xo. all along was to avoid the evil of the ordinary 5. (ij1t Bowl. '\0.00.•.00. Same as No. remedy which pampers organs already weak 5. ('opper Handl~. and so makes the patient a slave to the pill. lillt Bowl Xo.;. 3.40. Like Xo. 5. Remember-Nature expects every organ todo Lar~t: Real"Y 'Ize. its duty." .·0 !ole, 1 ia. Same a ... Xo Physicians have long recogoized the act that i. UUt Bowl ··0...... OJ. Same a.... '0. constipation is at the bottom of nearly every j Ulpper RaDdl~ disease. It saps all energy and makes life a GIll Howl. burden; it opens the doors to all evil germs BT Ib.iI foslp>id. and makes the body too weak to resist them. "THE VELVET WORKEIt.:' E. L. McDowell Thb new discovery is in small tablets. easi­ Jeweler ly taken, and they are packed in watch-shape bottles which fit the vest pocket. The tahlet is mild, all vegetable, never gripes or injures the most delicate organs. But it does the eH-~-~-~-~-~-~-He work! So naturally and soothingly they stimu­ : i late and regulate and strengthen that they have been nicknamed "The Little Veh'et 1 - !~~ OiT STUDENT'S 1 Workers." -~'- ~ Don't shuffle along with this great burden! I MAGAZ/I'{E. I Be healthy, be strong, be hapPl:. Read our • .(,iY For Students of Pen- • offer: i . ud-IDk ud Brush Dmrlllf· i :1 Teache. the arts that pav-practical :, FREE magazine and newspaper illustrating, rtooning. commercial designing, etc. To any reader who sends us his or hername :1 Over12 free les... ons in e.er; volume; :1 and address with five stamps to cover postage a >ut iiO drawings. hy uhscribers expenses, we WIll at once ma.i1 a . fuJl-~ize 25­ • mly, publi.;hed and criticised each • cent bottle of Chase's Con -tlpatlOn Tablets, :\ 55ue. A true helper to the beginner, :1 the worker that cures. .. 'ot a sample, mmd, No. 1521bsonic Tanplt.IahmHoo,lic.hiru a full-size 25-cent bottle. Let us prove it to · : you. Write to-day, addressing C,hase Mfg. Co., 333 Throop Ave., Brookl)~, N. Y. ell III 111-"'-"'-"'-"'-"_ Mention the JOCa.~A.L whenever JOo write our adt"erli ers 76 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION

ON YOUR HUNTINC TRIP Be sure to be proJrrly equi~oUi. th~ STEV. E\:;andfOltCA....SOTGOWR ''il;. \\e le RIFLES .•. from $2.2510 $150.00 PISTOLS ••• from 2.50 to 60.00 SHOTGUNS. . from 7.50 to 35.00 Ask fOl'T dealtt an I ill'i1!t ISt1l<1 r; f u "pagf' ' . LlSo OJ! our popular make. If lr~l<:'" I ~at:lJ [. If hlln­ r')IIca.IIII.!c,l, wD.1Oesl-.l" r-;t.. lln SW "'TI"G.)"~ dirl!':l, (aTT1~1 dr,zr,LU ~tILlha,eit. \h.lleoJ '''rtdid, upull receipt orl f, r r ,r (tonts in SUm.... to caUlOil' pri,e. (".er p<:o>~e. Our attra(th'c three. THE INDIAN ScHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 77

BARGAL TS L T TICKETS VIA THE ------ROCK ISLAND

THERE is hardly a place you can think about go­ ing that the Rock I land can't help you on your way Colorado, California, Mexico, the Great Lakes, the Atlantic or Pacific Coast: we hare Special Rates to all these places. «'Send for Literature and Rates

GEO. H. LEE. Goo. P.... Agt.. J. S. M, ALLY. Div. P.... Agt .. Little Rock. Ark. Oklahoma City, O. T.

l~ ~ly G\11~~ CHILOCCO RAU,1158ADAMS ST.CHICAGo. SO Y"E1 IR VIEWS-lOe 'i~.~ W •••••• 1"- (lThe Indian Print, 'he p hoc. rec..'t"ntlr • fk[E] W "Ut-d a '·u.'\\" Book flf the ChiltX"l'O ~ Jodi n . ·htx,1. 101" hook (·(lntain .. s~ · • half-tone ne~ flf (bilex,'o and we:\re 11­ ; (lRE-· in~ It at lOrI.' pt'f btx,k-ahout what the ma­

tenal in It (1 ...t. (lTbe booklet i... hound .A• ~IE~l- w ~ W with a ..ilk ...'(.rd and mak£"" a pLea.. i01!' frit1:. We will mail ~ Oll one upon ft"l'eipt (.f pri(~. ., BER!. (!..\ddr\." (lJ'dt'r'" tl • The JOURl\'.dL is ~ ,#fA. I;Jw The Indian Print Shop, :: Xow $1.00 per year. c. S. frulil/1I S,,"wl. C"ilo,m. Okl" ~ ~~••••~'IWI;JW;;W...... Mention the JoURSAL ""bene,"er you ~rite our adl"erliser . 78 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION ~ (pelc of JJnbian ~Otlg~ lecture = l\ecital Bf MISS FRA CES DE SMRE "GISHIGOIQUA"

PART Primilirl lndinll o..:'lJjl!l' IliJh ON"fJfflJutilillltlit u./ JUllld rh'pp;ll.q. Illfdiriut! rottl •. 10m t~ allfi tll'U ,tirla ,fnlr/; 'l.Jfl,th,,: Kwakintl Song of the Potlatch. TIle Gift of Peace. Song of the Peb­ ble Game. Geronimo's Song. Tigua Dance of tile Wheel. Funeral Song to the pirit. PART II &mg' t,.ith pinlit) wrump(lJI;mtlll. I!lUlr;ng thaI flu/inTI ")Ugs fullIJ!r }I(ITIIlOIl;r lillt.l. ~lfId thaI Ihe hnrmollcfl1i.,m intiliJirfl!l 80nght bylhp Indian. ill/nprtts 1M m'((IIIII9' oj hil '1.J119': Illlnxludioll. Bala BaJa Indian Song. Song of the ~ass Rirer IlIlli­ ans. Jian eating song of a cannibal tribe. e rFmQllinl Song': Choral from the Wa-wan Ceremony. Otoe song of tile Peace pIpe>. Haising the pipes. Child's Prayer. Song of the Ghost Dance. Song, of Ihe W"rp"fh "nd Balli,; "Warrior, rise and sing." "Sister h'otting follows me." \Vaetoll wa­ an. Rallying Cry. Capti"e Song. Scalp Dance. Sari"l Song,; Song of the Horse Societr. "JIanitou is looking at me." Ishebuzzi. .. Friend. let us walk:" . PART III Tlu Indian tl,mflll in UwdtT1I CfJmpotitwn: "Dawn." by ArlhuT Far-cdl.

fI.U\1iss Densmore's first recital of Indian music was given more than ten y~ars ago. The present program opens with primitive songs accompanied by hand-clappmg, t~m­ tom, rattles and sticks, and includes social ceremonial and war songs from elg2: diJferent tribes J' J' J'" J' J' J'

Mention the JOUa.'i:AL wbene-rer you write OUI ad'ferti~ers. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ADVERTISING SECTION 79

•

We tboroughly undersllmd tbe wanls of tbe I7fUeaJ buyer. OperaUug tbe most eomplele EDgravlug and PrIuUug Mall­ Order plant Iu Amertea day and u1gbt, you receive prompt service, saUstadory goods and prIces tbat l7ute frIends wbetber you are Iu Mexico, ew Yorl< or 'frisco. Dlu1:rau.. 01 nery IdIMI aH dac:rlpUem. dtlta' III ~ 01' ...de...wtdle. 1'rbdIIta. nu.. ~ds.he. catalogs, private. COila; a_daft pllJlU. otUu statloaU7. de. AD "'us uUlltd promptly ... artIstIc.aJ17. W..-k Ill'" or 1I0De)'" Baek. warn: NOW AND -wru. DELIVfJt THE GOODS.

Mention TB& Jo['BSAL wh~never you write to our adnrli.;;ers. 80 THE INDIA..'i SCHOOL JOURNAL- ADVERTISI 'G SECTIO THE MOUNTAIN WAY Resort , Camping, "orld' Be tcenery Fine Fishing, Hunting and Recreation The Midland Route "Hits the Bull"s Eye of the Rockies" Finest Dining Car Serrice; Colorado, Utah, California

c/I10RELL LAW, General Agent, C. H. SPEERS, G. P. A, 566 Shiedley Bldg., Denver, Colo. Kansas City, Mo.

Troy Laundry Machinery Co. OUR LINE IS THE LARGEST, BEST (8), MOST COMPLETE WRITE US FOR CATALOGUE AND LAUNDRY GUIDE Troy Chicago New York San FranciscO

Go to St. Louis or Chicago

--VIA-

Direct Line from Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Texas and Kansas. Save time and trouble by writing us for information and rates.

F. E. CLARK. D. P. A. D. C. FARR!, GTO . T. P. A. Wichita. K..... Oklahoma City. Oklahoma

Mention the Jor-a.."A.L wbene\"er you write our adnrtisers. Wurlitzer

• Band Instruments Drum, Fifes, Clarionets, Etc. If you want d ru m s, trumpets, band or orches­ tra instruments, pianos, phonographs, etc., for the school, don't fail to write us before purchasing. J!! • LARGEST ASSORTMEl T To be found zn This Country

You are urgently requested to Consult us before buying Band Instruments and supplies. Our experience of fifty years places us in a position where we supply right goods atthe right prices. Our Artist's Symphony Band In tru­ ments are the height of perfection, and are used by leading Bands and soloists. WE CARRY A COMPLETE LINE OF THE FAMOUS Buffet Clarionets, Bas- soons, Oboes, Saxophones and the Renowned Duplex Drums

Our R'P.ir Deputmmt Old lnstrummts To.I;m in T"d, We arc alW"a!~ wtlling to take old Instru­ Is equipped witb e~ery fadlity for prompt ments In trade as part pay on :Sew Instru· and first-class repairing. XoUling but kUl· ment:;. or ~ pay for mUlI;,ic of our own pub- d labor employed. Prices reasonable. Iicuiou. I.BA.L .u.LOW.L"i'CE :\UDL We Publish p-to-date Band and 0 rche tra ;\1 u ic Violin Parts of the Orchestra, or Cornet Parts of the Band Music, on application The Rudolph Wurlitzer Conlpan MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF BAND INSTRUMENTS 121 East Fourth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio

Mention the JOCR."i'AL whenever you write our adnrtht'I"'-. 10 CENTS ONEDOLLAR PER COpy PERYEAR

Issued t1anthhr fiom the Indian Print Shop Chi/aceo.Okla SEPTEMBER, 1906

MEMORY PICTURES of 'lh.e Indian Service

Sketches of The W yandots

A Sioux Indian Fourth

• Other Interesting Articles and Sketches Per~ tawng to Indians. The Changes in the U. S. Indian Service. General News

Atla!luz;ne Printed bilndians