DOCSLIB.ORG

Implementing the Oecd Anti-Bribery Convention

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Implementing the Oecd Anti-Bribery Convention IMPLEMENTING THE OECD ANTI-BRIBERY CONVENTION Phase 1 Report Peru This Phase 1 Report on Peru by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates Peru’s legislative framework for implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 2009 Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. It was adopted by the OECD Working Group on Bribery on 6 March 2019. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. 2 │ Table of Contents A. Implementation of the Convention ................................................................................................. 4 Formal Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 4 The Convention and the Peruvian Legal System ................................................................................. 4 1. Article 1: The Offence of Bribery of Foreign Public Officials ........................................................ 4 1.1. The Elements of the Offence ..................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Complicity ................................................................................................................................. 9 1.3. Attempt and Conspiracy ............................................................................................................ 9 1.4. Defences .................................................................................................................................. 10 2. Article 2: Responsibility of Legal Persons .................................................................................... 10 2.1. Legal Entities Subject to Liability ........................................................................................... 10 2.2. Standard of Liability ................................................................................................................ 11 2.3. Proceedings against Legal Persons.......................................................................................... 17 2.4. Liability under the Criminal Code........................................................................................... 17 3. Article 3: Sanctions ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.1. Principal Penalties for Bribery of a Domestic and Foreign Public Official ............................ 18 3.2. / 3.3. Penalties and Mutual Legal Assistance / Penalties and Extradition ............................... 21 3.4. Seizure and Confiscation ......................................................................................................... 22 3.5. Additional Civil and Administrative Sanctions ....................................................................... 23 4. Article 4: Jurisdiction ..................................................................................................................... 23 4.1. Territorial Jurisdiction ............................................................................................................. 23 4.2. Nationality Jurisdiction ........................................................................................................... 24 4.3. Jurisdiction over Legal Persons ............................................................................................... 24 4.4. Consultation Procedures .......................................................................................................... 25 4.4. Review of Basis of Jurisdiction ............................................................................................... 25 5. Article 5: Enforcement ................................................................................................................... 25 5.1. Rules and Principles Regarding Investigations and Prosecutions ........................................... 25 5.2. Non-Trial Resolution of Foreign Bribery Cases ..................................................................... 27 5.3. National Economic Interest, Potential Effect upon Relations with another State, and Identity of the Natural or Legal Person Involved ..................................................................... 28 6. Article 6: Statute of Limitations .................................................................................................... 30 7. Article 7: Money Laundering......................................................................................................... 31 7.1. Money Laundering Offence .................................................................................................... 31 8. Article 8: Accounting and Auditing ............................................................................................... 33 8.1. Accounting and Auditing Requirements / 8.2. Companies Subject to Requirements ............. 33 8.3. External Auditing and Internal Company Controls ................................................................. 34 9. Article 9: Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) ................................................................................... 35 9.1. Laws, Treaties and Arrangements Enabling Mutual Legal Assistance ................................... 36 9.2. Dual Criminality for MLA ...................................................................................................... 37 9.3. Bank Secrecy ........................................................................................................................... 37 10. Article 10: Extradition ................................................................................................................. 37 10.1. Extradition for Bribery of a Foreign Public Official / 10.2. Legal Basis for Extradition ...... 38 10.3. Extradition of Nationals ........................................................................................................ 38 10.4. Dual Criminality for Extradition ........................................................................................... 39 11. Article 11: Responsible Authorities ............................................................................................. 39 B. Implementation of the 2009 Anti-Bribery Recommendation ..................................................... 40 1. Tax Deductibility ........................................................................................................................... 40 │ 3 Evaluation of Peru ............................................................................................................................... 41 Annex 1 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................. 46 Annex 2 Excerpts of Relevant Legislation ......................................................................................... 47 Foreign Bribery Offence .................................................................................................................... 47 Liability of Legal Persons .................................................................................................................. 47 Sanctions ............................................................................................................................................ 48 Jurisdiction ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Time Limits for Prosecution .............................................................................................................. 51 Money Laundering ............................................................................................................................. 51 4 │ A. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION Formal Issues 1. On 16 March 2009, the Government of Peru formally applied to the OECD Secretary-General to become a full participant in the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions (Working Group) and to accede to the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (Anti-Bribery Convention). The OECD Council invited Peru to join the Working Group on 14 October 2016, and Peru accepted the invitation on the same day. Peru deposited its Instrument of Accession to the Convention with the OECD on 28 May 2018 and became a Party to the Convention on 27 July 2018. Peru also adhered to the 2009 Recommendation on Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. The Convention and the Peruvian Legal System 2. Treaties that are formalised by the State and are in force form part of Peru’s national law (Political Constitution of Peru Art. 55). The Peruvian Congress approved the Convention through Legislative Resolution 30 769 of 17 May 2018 which was ratified by the Government through Supreme Decree 011-2018-RE dated 19 May 2018. The Convention was published in the Official Gazette on 7 July 2018. 1. Article 1: The Offence of Bribery of Foreign Public Officials 3. Art. 1 of Law 29 316 was enacted on 14 January 2009 and criminalised foreign bribery by adding Art. 397-A to Peru’s Criminal Code
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tariku Shiferaw's First International Solo Exhibition at Addis Fine Art London
    Tariku Shiferaw’s First International Solo Exhibition at Addis Fine Art London Published by Tadias Magazine August 28th, 2017 in Art and Featured. Closed Tariku Shiferaw. (Photo via Anthony Philip Fine Art) Tadias Magazine By Tadias Staff August 28th, 2017 New York (TADIAS) — Tariku Shiferaw will hold his first international solo exhibition at Addis Fine Art’s London project space from September 14th to October 8th, 2017. The exhibition entitled Erase Me is also the gallery’s inaugural show at their London location. Tariku’s latest body of work “interrogates the concept of mark-making both physically and metaphysically,” states Addis Fine Art’s announcement. “Using titles of songs from Hip-Hop, R&B, Jazz, Blues, and Reggae music, these paintings embody both the experiences and struggles expressed through music by Black artists…In appropriating song titles as painting titles, the work automatically inherits the references, identities, and the history portrayed through the songs. Tadias profiled the Ethiopian-born, LA-raised and New York-based emerging artist last year focusing on his collection of paintings that he described as featuring “contradictions, glitches, interruptions, and disagreements in a system.” In addition, this past Spring Tariku’s work was part of the 2017 Whitney Biennial, an influential annual exhibition held at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City that’s considered the leading contemporary art show in the world. Addis Fine Art gallery shares that in Tariku’s upcoming display “every song used to title paintings tells a story that refers to a certain reality. The work becomes a reference of a reference, much like a signifier to another symbol.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PERUVIAN MINING SECTOR: EXPLORING ISSUES RELATED to SOCIAL LICENSE, CORRUPTION and the TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP TREATY SIPA Capstone Report 2016
    THE PERUVIAN MINING SECTOR: EXPLORING ISSUES RELATED TO SOCIAL LICENSE, CORRUPTION AND THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP TREATY SIPA Capstone Report 2016 Prof. Jenik Radon Jonathan Avila Yohan John Balan Ana De La Cruz Muhammad Affan Javed Suzhe Jia Mubarik Khan Jenny Lee Joseph Maberry Abhinaya Natarajan Vatsala Sahay Naoko Takahashi 1 The Peruvian Mining Sector Spring 2016 OTHER REPORTS Mining in Peru: Benefiting from Natural Resources and Preventing the Resource Curse is published by the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) at Columbia University as part of a series on natural resource management and development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Other publications include: Oil: Uganda’s Opportunity for Prosperity (2012) Politics and Economics of Rare Earths (2012) China, Natural Resources and the World: What Needs to be Disclosed (2013) Mozambique: Mobilizing Extractive Resources for Development (2013) Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity (2014) Tanzania: Harnessing Resource Wealth for Sustainable Development (2014) Mining in Peru (2015) 2 The Peruvian Mining Sector Spring 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND THANKS The Peru Capstone team acknowledges the individuals and organizations that provided invaluable assistance in the preparation of this Report. In Peru, the team thanks Mario Huapaya Nava, Fatima Retamoso, and Mayu Velasquez at the Ministry of Culture, Government of Peru, for their support and guidance. The team would also like to thank the professors and students affiliated with the Communications and Corporate Image program at the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas)—Claudia Guillen Arruda, Paloma Valqui Andrade, Manuel Rumiche, Alexandra Vassallo Bedoya, Pia Fernandez Roig, and Sergio Hoyos—for their time and great contributions to a successful and insightful research experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Koichi Matsufuji
    KOICHI MATSUFUJI Solo Exhibitions 2019 COCONO Art Place Gallery, Fukui, Japan. 2019 Gallery O2, Kanazawa, Japan. 2018 DiEGO, Tokyo, Japan. 2017 Shizuoka Convention & Arts Center, Sizuoka, Japan. 2013 Gallery Cellar, Tokyo, Japan. 2010 Gallery Cellar, Tokyo, Japan. 2009 Gallery Cellar, Tokyo, Japan. 2008 Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Space 6, Nagoya, Japan. 2006 Gallery Plannet, Nagoya, Japan. 2004 Gallery Q, Tokyo, Japan. 2002 Gallery Ten, Kanazawa, Japan. 2001 Gallery Q, Tokyo, Japan. Selected Group Exhibitions 2019 “ Panoramic ” Daiichi Museum, Nagoya, Japan. 2019 “ 2019 KOGEI World Competition in Kanazawa ” People’s Gallery at the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Japan. 2019 “ BIENNALE TOYAMA ” Toyama Prefectural Museum of Art and Design, TAD gallery, Toyama, Japan. 2019 “ The Spirit of Toyama Glass ” Japan Creative Centre, Embassy of JAPAN, Singapore. 2018 “ LYRICAL TRANSFORMATIONS ” LEVANT ART, Shanghai, China. 2017 “ Spatial Arts 2017 in Art House Oyabe ” Art House Oyabe, Toyama, Japan. 2017 “ Aspects of Glass in Izu Highlands Art Festival ” Izu Kogen Hotel Five Stars, Sizuoka, Japan. 2017 “ Contemporary Art Competition in Art House Oyabe ” Art House Oyabe, Toyama, Japan. 2017 “ 2017 KOGEI World Competition in Kanazawa ” People’s Gallery at the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Japan. 2016 “ TOYAMA GLASS -No limit No border- ” Toyama Glass Art Museum, Toyama, Japan. 2016 “ Kohei Kishimoto and Koichi Matsufuji Exhibition ” Seto Ceramics and Glass Art Center, Aichi, Japan. 2013 “ Aichi Triennale 2013 ” Curatorial Competition in Choja-machi District, Nagoya, Japan. 2007 “ Young Glass 2007 ” Glasmuseet Ebeltoft, Denmark. 2007 “ The Fires Burn On ” American Glass Museum, NJ, United States. 2006 “ For Rent! For Talent! 2 ” Mitsubishijisho Artium, Fukuoka, Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption and Anti-Corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness
    University of Central Florida STARS Honors Undergraduate Theses UCF Theses and Dissertations 2020 Corruption and Anti-corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness Kia R. Del Solar University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the UCF Theses and Dissertations at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Del Solar, Kia R., "Corruption and Anti-corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness" (2020). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 698. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/698 CORRUPTION AND ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES: ASSESSING PERUVIAN AGENCIES’ EFFECTIVENESS by KIA DEL SOLAR PATIÑO A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Majors Program in Political Science in the School of Politics, Security, and International Affairs and in the Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term, 2020 Thesis Chair: Bruce Wilson, Ph.D. Abstract Corruption has gained attention around the world as a prominent issue. This is because corruption has greatly affected several countries. Following the exploration of various definitions and types of corruption, this thesis focuses on two efforts to rein in “grand corruption”, also known as executive corruption. The thesis is informed by existing theories of corruption as well as anti- corruption agencies and then situates Peru’s experience with corruption in its theoretical context and its broader Latin American context.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Conference of the Universities Art Association of Canada Congrès 2018 De L’Association D’Art Des Universités Du Canada
    Session 1 | Séance 1 : Theuaac-aauc Artery 2018 Conference of the Universities Art Association of Canada Congrès 2018 de l’Association d’art des universités du Canada October 25–28 octobre, 2018 University of Waterloo uaac-aauc.com Congrès UAAC-AAUC Conference October 25-28 octobre 2018 University of Waterloo 1 Welcome As someone who started attending UAAC conferences three decades ago, I can say that no two are alike: continuities exist, but there’s always something new. This year, for example, along with the customary launch of the Fall RACAR–a “Critical Curating” special issue edited by Marie Fraser and Alice Ming Wai Jim–and the perennial opportunity to renew old relationships and start fresh ones, we’ll kick off UAAC’s new website. Also, rather than a keynote lecture, we’ll have keynote performances by Louise Liliefeldt and Lori Blondeau, an exciting outgrowth of performance’s rising importance as a mode of presentation at our conference. Thanks to the conference organizers, Joan Coutu and Bojana Videkanic, for their insight in suggesting this shift, and for the rest of their hard work on this conference. The programming committee– Joan Coutu, Bojana Videkanic and Annie Gérin– also must be recognized for its great work reviewing session proposals. And, as always, huge applause for Fran Pauzé, UAAC’s administrator, who has kept us on track day in and day out for years now. As you know, our conference’s dynamism flows from the continued broadening and revitalization of UAAC’s constituency. However, the difficult state of culture and education today makes participation by students and precariously-employed faculty harder and harder.
    [Show full text]
  • Key 2017 Developments in Latin American Anti-Corruption Enforcement
    March 15, 2018 KEY 2017 DEVELOPMENTS IN LATIN AMERICAN ANTI-CORRUPTION ENFORCEMENT To Our Clients and Friends: In 2017, several Latin American countries stepped up enforcement and legislative efforts to address corruption in the region. Enforcement activity regarding alleged bribery schemes involving construction conglomerate Odebrecht rippled across Latin America's business and political environments during the year, with allegations stemming from Brazil's ongoing Operation Car Wash investigation leading to prosecutions in neighboring countries. Simultaneously, governments in Latin America have made efforts to strengthen legislative regimes to combat corruption, including expanding liability provisions targeting foreign companies and private individuals. This update focuses on five Latin American countries (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Peru) that have ramped up anti-corruption enforcement or passed legislation expanding anti-corruption legal regimes.[1] New laws in the region, coupled with potentially renewed prosecutorial vigor to enforce them, make it imperative for companies operating in Latin America to have robust compliance programs, as well as vigilance regarding enforcement trends impacting their industries. 1. Mexico Notable Enforcement Actions and Investigations In 2017, Petróleos Mexicanos ("Pemex") disclosed that Mexico's Ministry of the Public Function (SFP) initiated eight administrative sanctions proceedings in connection with contract irregularities involving Odebrecht affiliates.[2] The inquiries stem from a 2016 Odebrecht deferred prosecution agreement ("DPA") with the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ").[3] According to the DPA, Odebrecht made corrupt payments totaling $10.5 million USD to Mexican government officials between 2010 and 2014 to secure public contracts.[4] In September 2017, Mexico's SFP released a statement noting the agency had identified $119 million pesos (approx.
    [Show full text]
  • Peru's Next President Should Continue Political and Free Market Reforms
    No. 2544 April 8, 2011 Peru’s Next President Should Continue Political and Free Market Reforms James M. Roberts and Edwar Enrique Escalante Abstract: The United States and Peru have a strong and positive relationship that is helping to strengthen Peru’s democratic institutions and speed its integration into Talking Points the globalized economy. This April, Peruvian voters will • The United States and Peru have a strong and choose a new president, who will hopefully continue efforts positive relationship that is strengthening to curb corruption, strengthen property rights, and effec- Peru’s democratic institutions and speeding tively combat narco-terrorism. Alternatively, if a leftist its integration into the globalized economy. government is elected, it could slow reform or even return • The United States enjoys trade surpluses with Peru to populist statism, stunting Peru’s economic growth Peru and is Peru’s largest foreign investor. and development. In the run-up to the election, the Obama • This April, Peruvian voters will choose a new Administration should reaffirm by statements and actions president who will either expand economic that the United States wants Peru to stay the course on and democratic reforms or who could lead free market reforms, decentralize government power, and the country back into populist statism. reject any attempt to return the country to failed statist • The next president of Peru needs to continue policies. reforms to curb corruption, strengthen prop- erty rights, decentralize Peru’s governing institutions and make them more effective, The election of Susana Villaran as mayor of Lima and combat narco-terrorism. in October 2010 portends a possible resurgence • President Obama should make it clear that of the left in Peru.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Are Some Public Officials More Corrupt Than Others?
    THE WILLIAM DAVIDSON INSTITUTE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Why Are Some Public Officials More Corrupt Than Others? By: Jennifer Hunt William Davidson Institute Working Paper Number 790 September 2005 Why Are Some Public Officials More Corrupt Than Others? Jennifer Hunt* McGill University and NBER Abstract Using detailed Peruvian data measuring bribery, I assess which types of public official are most corrupt and why. I distinguish between the bribery rate and the size of bribes received, and seek to explain the variation in each across public institutions. The characteristics of officials’ clients explain most of the variation for bribery rates, but none for bribe amounts. A measure of the speed of honest service at the institution explains much of the remaining variation for both bribery rates and amounts. The results indicate that the bribery rate is higher at institutions with bribe-prone clients, and that bribery rates and bribe amounts are higher where clients are frustrated at slow service. Faster and better service would reduce corruption. Overall, the judiciary and the police are by far the most corrupt institutions. Keywords: Corruption, bribery, institutions, governance. JEL codes : H4, K4, O1 * Department of Economics, Leacock Building, Room 443, 855 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T7 Canada This paper has been prepared for the Handbook of Economic Corruption , edited by Susan Rose-Ackerman and forthcoming in the Edward Elgar Press. I thank Vincent Chandler for excellent research assistance, and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada for financial support. I am grateful to Susan Rose-Ackerman, Sonia Laszlo and participants in the McGill summer seminar series for comments, to Miguel Jaramillo Baanante for enlightening conversations about Peru and to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Información for providing the data.
    [Show full text]
  • HIS 209, Corruption and the Global Economy in Historical Perspective, Course Outline, 2018
    HIS 209/ECO 257/AAS 240: Corruption and the Global Economy in Historical Perspective Fall 2018 Joseph E. Inikori (Professor) Harkness, Room 210, Wednesday 2.00-4.40 pm Office Hours: Wednesday 10.00 am-12.00 noon, RRL, Room 437 I Course Scope and Focus The economic, social, and political consequences of corruption (defined broadly to include the public and private sectors) have become a major global issue. Two recent titles aptly convey some sense of what is involved in the activities of the corrupt individuals: Economic Gangsters: Corruption, Violence, and the Poverty of Nations (2008), and Financial Serial Killers: Inside the World of Wall Street Money Hustlers, Swindlers, and Con Men (2010). The corrupt individuals organize their activities in networks that are truly global, including financial institutions spread across the globe, with some of the best accountants and lawyers in the world to handle the international accounting and legal complexities. While the consequences for long-run development are greatest in the developing economies, the adverse effects are felt throughout the global economy. Hence, in 2003, the United Nations instituted the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCC) to provide the instrument for a concerted global effort to combat corruption. This junior seminar offers students the opportunity to research and discuss the operation and consequences of widespread corruption in the global economy and the complex historical processes – economic, social, and political – which help to explain the phenomenon. We distinguish two broad categories of corruption: 1) corruption involving the duping of private individuals or organizations to rob them of their money or property and rendering the state ineffective in carrying out its responsibility to protect lives and property rights; 2) corruption involving the misappropriation of public funds by state officials (including bureaucrats and politicians).
    [Show full text]
  • CN D CARAVANE MIDWEST Chicago & Milwaukee 24 > 30 Oct.19
    CN D CARAVANE MIDWEST Chicago & Milwaukee 24 > 30 Oct.19 Performances Screenings Master classes Conversations Caravane, a mobile CN D Caravane, a collaborative project, was created by the Centre national de la danse team. Caravane is a mobile CN D that works with lo- cal organisations and audiences in France and abroad. Caravane enables the CN D to travel to the French regions and abroad, enabling it to make its various resources – patrimonial, pedagogical, artistic and professional – avai- lable to local audiences and organisations. After Porto, Guanajuato, Mexico, Le Moule (Guadeloupe), Aurillac, Pau, Madrid, Taipei, Caravane will tour in the US. Conceived with the cultural services of the ge- neral French consulate in Chicago, it will invest several cultural sites in the city. This Caravane is part of a special European moment, Between Gestures, in collaboration with the Goethe Institute, PACT Zollverein in Essen, to offer a broad programme of shows, performances, workshops, encounters and projections, aimed at students, young artists, professionals in the Midwest and the general public. The Caravane will start in Chicago and then will continue in Milwaukee with Noé Soulier, Trajal Harrell, Pol Pi, Ola Maciejewska, Elisabeth Lebovici. CN D Centre National de la Danse Created in 1998 at the instigation of the French Ministère de la Culture, it is a unique place that brings together all of the resources connected with dance. The CN D is unique and original in that it brings together in one establishment a broad range of activities for professionals, from dance training to artistic support and career advice and assistance, while also appealing to the general public.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Trafficking and Corruption in Peru
    HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND CORRUPTION IN PERU Joel Jabiles E. [email protected] Vienna, October 2014 CHS ALTERNATIVO A Peruvian non-profit organization dedicated to defend and promote human rights, developing strategies against Human Trafficking as well as related social issues. PERU POPULATION: 30´814,175 Rural: 24% (7’395,402) Urban: 76% (23’418,773) POVERTY RATE 2011: 27.8% 2013: 23.9% EXTREME POVERTY RATE 2011: 6.3%; 2013: 4.7% PERÚ INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT RATE 2007: 79.8%; 2012: 73.4% CHRONIC DESNUTRITION 2012 18,1% of children under the age of 5 SOURCE: National Statistics Institute (INEI) HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) 0.737 (position 82) SOURCE: UNDP Perception Survey - Main problems of the country: Crime / Insecurity Corruption Unemployment Terrorism / Subversion Poverty / Hunger Cost of living / High prices 25 Regional Governments 22 Regional Presidents have 168 complaints of Corruption. Source: Special Anti-Corruption Prosecutor Office 8 Regional Presidents are defendants in lawsuits alleged irregular acts of corruption during his governance. Source: Judicial Branch 3 Regional Presidents imprisoned (Ancash, Pasco & Cajamarca) and 1 fugitive (Tumbes). Source: Judicial Branch Between 2009-2013, 90 public officials sentenced for corruption from 4,000 that were reported. Source: Special Anti-Corruption Prosecutor Office Evolution of Human Trafficking by Region 2010 - 2012 HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PERÚ (2007-2014) SOURCE: SISTRA - Public Ministry 2,080 cases. 3,129 victims registered 43.3% for sexual exploitation purposes 16.2 % for
    [Show full text]
  • Bribery: Who Pays, Who Refuses, What Are the Payoffs?
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BRIBERY: WHO PAYS, WHO REFUSES, WHAT ARE THE PAYOFFS? Jennifer Hunt Sonia Laszlo Working Paper 11635 http://www.nber.org/papers/w11635 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 September 2005 We are grateful to Vincent Chandler for excellent research assistance and to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Información for the data. We thank Miriam Golden, Yossi Greenberg, Franque Grimard, Miguel Jaramillo Baanante, Daniel Parent, Jan Svejnar, Kathy Terrell, Duncan Thomas and seminar participants at GRADE, Lausanne, Laval, Maryland, McGill, Michigan, UQAM, and CEPR/BREAD for comments. Hunt is also affiliated with the CEPR, IZA and DIW-Berlin, and acknowledges the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada for financial support. Laszlo is also affiliated with Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) in Lima. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. ©2005 by Jennifer Hunt and Sonia Laszlo. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Bribery: Who Pays, Who Refuses, What Are the Payoffs? Jennifer Hunt and Sonia Laszlo NBER Working Paper No. 11635 September 2005 JEL No. H4, K4, O1 ABSTRACT We provide a theoretical framework for understanding when an official angles for a bribe, when a client pays, and the payoffs to the client's decision. We test this framework using a new data set on bribery of Peruvian public officials by households.
    [Show full text]