A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, Their Families & Children
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A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, their Families & Children A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, their Families & Children Leonie Harvey-Rolfe, Lead Research & Evaluation Officer Sara Rattenbury, Research Officer February 2020 A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, their Families & Children The National Centre for Children of Offenders or NICCO has been established to Contents provide an information service for all professionals who come into contact with the children and families of offenders, as well as academics and those responsible for strategic development and commissioning. The Centre is delivered by Barnardo’s in partnership with Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS). Chapter Summary Visit www.nicco.org.uk to find out more. Forewords 4 A Note on Key Terms 7 This research was conducted and authored by: Introduction 8 Leonie Harvey-Rolfe Lead Research & Evaluation Officer for NICCO at Barnardo’s Midlands and South Executive Summary 9 West region. Leonie is an Applied Anthropologist (BA, MA) and Community & Youth List of Recommendations 12 Worker with over 12 years’ experience working in the community sector. She has extensive experience of frontline work in areas such as complex needs and gender- Section One – Research & Policy Context 15 based violence. As a researcher, she has expertise in qualitative and participatory Section Two – Methodology 19 methodologies. Section Three – Characteristics of Sample 24 Sara Rattenbury Research Officer and Strategic Engagement Manager for the NICCO team Section Four – Needs Before Custody 30 at Barnardo’s Midlands and South West region. She has worked with various stakeholders within this role, including prisons and police forces. Sara has also Section Five – Needs During Custody 49 worked for 20 years operationally in various roles supporting children and families. Section Six – Needs After Custody 81 She has a Master’s Degree, where her dissertation research looked at the impact of paternal imprisonment on father/child relationships. This research sparked the 10. Conclusion 98 interest in exploring the needs of offenders and their families further. 11. Glossary of Services 100 Acknowledgements 12. Bibliography 105 For their valuable contributions to this publication, our sincere thanks go to: 13. Appendices 109 • The veterans, children and families who contributed to this research, without whom our services would not truly understand the lived experiences of families affected. We hope that this needs assessment will help to improve and develop services to List of Diagrams support you. 1. Breakdown of regiments served for participants • Forces in Mind Trust, in partnership with the Big Lottery Community Fund for who served in the Army 26 funding this research and the FiMT staff for their ongoing support throughout. 2. Support needs overall 28 • The Barnardo’s practitioners who contributed their resources, knowledge and 3. Support needs of veterans before custody 39 expertise. In particular, Zoe Cook (CAPO Team Administrator) who has given her time and critical insight throughout the project. 4. Veterans in contact with their children 61 • HMPPS governors who allowed our research to take place within their prison 5. Support needs of veterans during custody 65 estates; and to the prison officers, VICSOs, FEWs and additional staff who supported us in identifying and interviewing participants in custody. 6. Support needs of veterans after custody 85 • The professionals who formed our expert steering group; giving their time and expertise to support us in developing the research and reviewing our findings. List of Case Studies 1. Barnardo’s Family Veteran Support Service 47 2. HMP Parc, Endeavour Unit 72 3. SSAFA 75 4. Barnardo’s Military Corrective Training Centre 78 5. Care after Combat, Project Phoenix 96 3 A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, their Families & Children A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, their Families & Children Foreword Foreword Barnardo’s Forces in Mind Trust Outcomes tend to be worse for However, prison visits are only part of the Life is full of transitions, and we know This report correctly identifies the many factors prisoners’ children than for their solution. The recommendations in this report from over 7 years of knowledge and that make supporting families of veterans in including early intervention, support with the criminal justice system so complicated. peers. Yet they are hidden, because mental health problems and family breakdown evidence generation that for members They range widely: alcohol abuse; loss of no one counts them, and stigmatised, are hardly new. What is needed is a change of the Armed Forces, the transition identity; stigma and inadequate services are all because their families often feel in systems and culture by all services so that into civilian life can be a challenge. highlighted as contributing to poor outcomes ashamed to ask for help. Barnardo’s, veterans, their partners and most importantly Equally, we know that whilst most for such families. their children receive the right support at the along with other voluntary right time and the stigma of prison is removed. meet this challenge successfully, The solutions offered are hardly revolutionary organisations, supports prisoners’ Only then can we truly start to improve the life some people, for a variety of reasons, though. Better access to healthcare, early children both in the community and chances of veterans and their families. struggle. It is hard to imagine a more interventions, improved families visits and an overriding need to solve the housing crisis that inside prisons. challenging transition than from is afflicting our country. If we fix these, then being a respected member of the we certainly help fix those families caught up Every child deserves the best start in life so that British military to being incarcerated in the criminal justice system, and perhaps we they can achieve and thrive – no matter who for wrong doings. improve the chances of successful transition their parents are or what they have done. Yet as for many others too. We have clear evidence of this ground-breaking research shows, prisoners’ what is needed and a moral imperative to help. Sarah Crawley ties with their families are put under immense Our research has yielded insights into the key We now call upon all those involved to consider Director role that the family of the Service leaver can play strain before, during and after imprisonment. Barnardo’s Cymru & South West England the 14 recommendations in this report and to Barnardo’s has long argued for prisons to take a in making that transition successful, whilst take whatever steps are necessary to deliver family based approach to maintaining family ties acknowledging that the family members will also them. The children of our Armed Forces deserve by ensuring all prison visits and family days are undergo their own transitions. Again, it takes nothing less. not based on a system of privileges. Visiting a little effort to imagine the terrible extra pressure parent in prison is a right not a privilege. on a family who are swapping a military for a civilian life, possibly abruptly, and with the main bread winner no longer able to contribute financially, emotionally or physically. “It’s always been difficult for me growing up cos I’ve grown up around Regardless of whether entanglement with the criminal justice system happens during service, Air Vice-Marshal Ray Lock CBE domestics with my mum. She was in or indeed some time later, and no matter what Chief Executive, Forces in Mind Trust between blokes here, blokes there the cause, it is the role of charities such as and we was moving around. I always ours and Barnardo’s to ensure that those most grew up around drink, drugs and vulnerable are given the necessary support to rebuild their lives. And can there be anyone domestic... I took myself away from more deserving of every ounce of help that we that joining the Army.” can muster than the children affected by family (Veteran in Custody) breakdown, an absent parent, or one suffering a complex mental health issue? 4 5 A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, their Families & Children A Needs Assessment of Veterans in Custody, their Families & Children Foreword A note on Steve Lowe key terms I welcome this research produced introduce systems and mechanisms in my estate to For the purposes of this research, the Serving identify any ex-military personnel. I was surprised by The National Information Centre terms below will be defined as follows. This term is used to refer to both serving in to discover around 40 ex-military prisoners who the military and serving a custodial sentence. on Children of Offenders (NICCO, otherwise would have gone unnoticed. delivered by Barnardo’s in partnership Fathers This term will be qualified to ensure it is clear if the ‘serving’ referred to is their military Through my prison work and later, across the Male participants consulted as part of this with HMPPS). This report provides a wider criminal justice system with Project service or a custodial sentence. vital platform to hear from veterans research who are veterans, serving a custodial Nova (delivered in partnership by RFEA – sentence or have been released in the last 12 with experience of custody, and their The Forces Employment Charity and Walking months and have children 18 years or under. Veteran/Ex-Armed Service Personnel families and children. With The Wounded), I have spent time getting Following the original definition used by to know veterans and their families. I have Family/Families Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families gained increasing awareness of the unique Association (SSAFA), we define a veteran as The contribution of personal experience from General term referring to the nuclear family barriers and needs this group of veterans “a former member of the British Armed Forces the families of veterans, and veterans themselves unit (parents and children) which may or may and their families experience, as well as the who has served more than 1 day”.