(NA'fiONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS) Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE: (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE South Carolina COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Charleston INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY
(Type all entries — complete applicable sections)
i ,.**• f» Ii C^ - QjistoricjCharleston (Extended) (That part of District officially added to area in .1966)
STREET AND NUMBER: Approximately 2G8.1 acres in the lower peninsula of Charlestor CITY OR TOWN: b. U. Charleston
CODE COUNTY: South Carolina harleston
CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE uo OWNERSHIP (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC
55 District Q Building D Public Public Acquisition: fit Occupied Yes: Restricted D Site Q Structure |~~| Private || In Process I I Unoccupied D Object Both | ] Being Considered Unrestricted
U PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)
Z> I I Agricultural IX Government 3 Park
0£ IX Commercial I ] Industrial §3 Private Residence »- [X Educational O Military [X Religious uo CS Entertainment fV] Museum Q5 Scientific
OWNER'S NAME: Luhlic and Private LU STREET AND NUMBER: LU «/> Cl TY OR TOWN: STATE: Charleston South Carolina
COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Register oT Mesne Conveyance, Charleston County Court House STREET AND NUMBER: Corner of V.eetinn; and Broad Streets Cl TY OR TOWN: STATE Charleston South Carolina
TITLE OF SURVEY: Survey by Carolina Art v&s J-lAi3^, (Charleston ^ 3>C, Low Country) 2.This is Charlestor o^iatiai DATE OF SURVEY: 1965 Q Federol Q State D County [X] Loc DEPOSITORY FOROR SURVEY RECORDS: ————————— l..\ fficp of irchaoology & 2. Gibbs Art Gallory STREET AND NUMBER:IUMBER: ^'F PS ^TVO t 1 OH 801 19th at. 135 Moeting St CITY OR TOWN: ..ash ing ton, U. C. 20006 Charleston^ S. C. see copy enclosed (Check One) llent Good Fair Deteriorated Ruin CD Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) AlteredSOme S Unaltere Moved GS Original Site
DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The district, except for the College of Charleston and th£ eastern four blocks of Broad Street, is primarily and privately owned, with buildings dating from 1712 present. The great concentration of 18th and 19th buildings (more than 650 ) give the district the flaVor^of earJ ier America. Built of brick, stucco or clapboar^ ms^fiy.^p these buildings are Charleston "single houses", one ifoom wictes; with gnble end to the street and tiered piazzas. Others' are plantation style houses. Other buildings are Georgian,^R^genc or Classic Revival. The streets present a kaleidoscope of two centuries of merica'a architectural history. In .uisonborough are complete blocks of Greek Revival masonry buildings all built in a ten year period after one of the city's great fires in 1838. On GO .Montague and Bull Streets is a complex of Regency villas, built in as suburban mansions on what was the . estern waterfront of the city in the early years of the 19th century. rn The condition of individual buildings, as well as areas within the district, vary considerably. .vhile the district is generally being upgraded through private investment and the efforts of Historic Charleston Foundation, there are still portions badly in need of renovation. Ten years ago these TO portions represented over 40?6 of the district. Today they represent 20 to 30%. 0 The majority of facades of the 18th and 19th century builc ings in the district, particularly those visible from the street, have suffered few major model alterations. Virtually all the interiors, however, have been modernized, with the addition of plumbing, wiring, heating, closets and kitchen equipment. This modernization has not necessarily harmed the interior appointments of the houses. The principal rooms of many buildings retain their original ornimentation. On the other hand, the interiors of the majority of outbuildings (stables, carriage houses, kitchen buildings) have been alterec more extensively to accommodate modern needs. Almost all of them have been turned into dwellings. \long Broad Street former residences have been made into offices, ^ilere the majority of facades were altered in the mid and late 1800s, a number after the earthquake of 1886. Broad Street is at present undergoing a major face-lifting. It dates from the 1670°' s when the fir.^t settlers laid it out as part of the Grand Model for the walled town. \ Broad -treet P.eautification Plan sponsored by Historic Charleston Foundation began in the spring of 1968, concerned with four blocks of the street from King to [Cast Bay streets, SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD (fCheek One or More as Appropriate) Q Pre-Columbian | I I 16th Century QB 18th Century 20th Century Q IStti Century D 17th Century (X 19th Century
SPECIFIC DATECSk (It Applicable and Known) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or Afore as Appropriate)
Abor iginal [^£ Education CSJ Political f I Urban Planning O Prehistoric ( 6 Engineering SI Religion/Phi CH Other (Specify) 123 Historic PI Industry losophy Colonial Ierlod f~l Agriculture r~! Invention I | Science Revolutionary PQ Architecture Fy) Landscape [ | Sculpture and Civil War ® Art Architecture I | Social/Human [ | Commerce |X) Literature itarian [ | Communications Q Military f~l Theater
[ | Conservation CH Music I | Transportation
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Charleston, South Carolina played an important, role in Colonial, Revolutionary, ante-bellum and Civil ,ar America. The city was a major Colonial seaport, an active (af later occupied) participant in the Revolution, a seat of ri'de '£nd cotton culture and a leader of secession. Today mucli, of the nation's social and architectural history can be visibly appre ciated because of the great concentration of period buildings that still line the city's streets. In the district outlined in this nomination form there are more than 650 18th and 19th century buildings valuable to architectural historians. \ number of these have real signif icance to our national historic and/or architectural heritage. These lattor include forty six buildings listed in HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY, SECONDS OF BUILDINGS IN UflARL^STON AND T!.!E SOUTH CAROLINA LOVv COUNTRY, Harley J. McKee, Compiler, NATIONAL KUHi SCKVICE, United States Department of the Interior Eastern Office, Design and Construction, Philadelphia, 1965. They are listed as follows: Bank of South Carolina, 50 Broad St. Bank of United States, NE. corner Broad and Meeting Sts. !3ennett, Thomas, Blouse, 89 Smith St. 'Hacklock , 7i 11 iam, Mouse , 18 LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY D DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY ROF LESS THAN TEN ACRES —— •»•-• — - ——— ———————— CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW 32 47 ' 17 79 ° 56' 47" 0 o NE 32 47 ' Itf 79 ° 55' 29" SE 32 46 ' 2o 79 ° 55' 29" sw r?i> 4fi • pr* TQ * .~fi« 47" APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OP NOMINATED PROPERTY: '"^fifi 1 LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE rn rn STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE ^ CO STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE H 70 ilitliiilM^^ cz NAME AND TITLE: Mrs. S. Henry Edmunds n ORGANIZATION DATE Historic Charleston Foundation 1 /27/70 STREET AND NUMBER: 5 1 Air e t i ri£ Street CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE Charleston $outh Carolina As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na I hereby certify that this property is included in the tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Register. in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. The recommended Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Presepwfton- level of significance of this nomination is: National jVf State Q s\ Local Q \i ~^/l I ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet) (Number all entries) /~.T j^ \ \- <~> ULiJ l\.j\U HISTORIC CHARLESTON (EXTENDED) 7. DESCUIrTION (Page 2)______ the financial district of Charleston. vll the principal banns have their main offices here. Lwayers, r^al estate agents, insurance men and stock brokers occupy most of the other build ings* On it. are nationally important buildings such as St. Michael's Church, cornerstone laid in 1752; the Court [louse, 1792; and the Exchange Building, 1767. Many buildings used as business offices date from the 1700's, and among these are examples of commercial Victorian Buildings. The steering committee of the Broad Street Beaut ification Tlan is composed of business and professional men who are owners or tenants on the street. A grant from The America The Beautiful Fund provided the services of a graduate student from the School of Landscape Architecture, University of Georgia. They secured the advice of Henry A. Judd, Chief, Department of Restoration, 0 'fice of \rchaoology and Historic Preservation, National iark Service. A sketch of every building has been made showing recommended color. On important buildings the color is kept as true to the original as possible Owners are now repainting according to the color chart. Equally important in the overall plan are the voluntary control of signs as established by the committee, the planting of trees, and the placing of electrical wires underground. The Mayor and the local power company have pledged their cooneration with the underground wiring project. The aim is to upgrade and restore a street that is unique in America, to make it increasingly important as a business center, and as a vital part of Charleston's living history. Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE South Carolina NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Charleston INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY (Continuation Sheet) (Number all entries) OLD AND HISTORIC CHARLESTON (EXTENDED) 8. SIGNIFICANCE (Page 2)_____ Hibernian ilall, 105 Meeting St, House ("Pink House ")» 17 ChaJ.mers St. souse, 74 Hut ledge Ave, dt Vent worth St' louse, 95 Rutledge Ave. louse, 59 Smith St. ,a nee Hall, 138 Me e t i ng St. (Number all entries) OLD AND HISTORIC CHARLESTON (EXTENDED) 8. SIGNIFICANCE (Page 3)____ House, 71 Anson St., c. 1805. Two-story basement, built of Carolina grey brick. Restored and interior somewhat altered irir^L9/5M/> \i-<« \ *o/-i ': Gaillard-Bennett House, 60 Montague St., story clapboard on high basement. \darn Regency portico, side balconies of cast iron building at north end added 1819, Gen. Robert . I.ee was guest herp in 1870, a few months before his death. House, 76 Ashley Ave., c. 1855. Two story brick double house on high basement. This house uas used by the con gregation of St. Mary's Catholic Church on Flasoll St., when that building was imperiled by the federal bornbardmen Grace Episcopal Church, 100 Vientworth St 1848. Designed by E. B. 'iVhitc in Gothic Style. Confederate flome, 60 - 64 Broad St., c. 1800. Constructed as private residence, subsequently us^d as hotel, de partment store, home for Confederate dependents, girls' school. In 1845 the rear section facing Chalmerss St. served as offices for a U, S. Court. Vhen South Carolina seceded from the Union, the Court closed down. Now res idential apartments operated by the Confederate Home Associatton. Vander Ilorst Row, 76, 78, 80 East Boy St., c. 1800. This brick apartment house has three separate dwelling units with 28 inches thick dividing walls. It was built by a wealthy merchant, Arnoldus Vander Ilorst, who was Governor of South Carolina from 1792-94. French Coffee Shop, 120 East Hay St., c. 1800. Once known as Harris' Tavern, this building has wine cellars that extend underground for almost half a block. Circular Congregational Church, 150 Meeting St., c. 1890. Richardson Romanesque. Built on the site of the Unite Meeting House (1681), whose congregation of Huguenots, 1'resbyt^rians and Congregationalists comprised nearly two-thirds of Charleston's white population. This group formed the first organization of the Dissenters south of Virginia. Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE South Carolina NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES harleston INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY MUN' (Continuation Sheet) (Number all entries) OLD \XD HISTORIC CHARLESTON (EXTHXDKD) 8. SIGNIFICANCE (Page 4)_ Building, 141 Meeting Street, 1876. Classic Revival. Designed by E. B. White. Now main Charleston office of the South Carolina electric and Gas Company. Originally erected by this Company's oldest member body, the Charlestc (.las and Light Company. The district also encompasses a wioro than six block area known as Ansonfoorough which is of prime interest to preserva tionists* It is here that Historic Charleston Foundation ini- tiaterl one of the nation's pilot projects in area restoration. The Foundation's method of "arr»a rehabilitation" financed by a "revolving fund" has been adapted by a numbe*- of historic cities elsewhere. alien the district described herein is added to the district alreudy registered as a historic district in the Xational Register, the total area corresponds to the "Old and Historic District" delineated in the new zoning ordinance of the City of Charleston, ratified August 16, 1966, The total aroa would inelude approx1mate3y 80?6 of all the period buildings in the ci ty. Form 10-SOOa UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE South Carolirm COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Charleston INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY r UMBER (Continuation Sheet) (Number all entries) OLD 'i\D HISTORIC CHARLESTON (FATKXDCD) 9, Major Bibliographical Hefernnces (iage 2) Survey Charts and I'iics of Historic Charleston Foundation - Old l''i re Insurance Mas History of South Carolina - Kd\v-»rd M..i;rat.y - 4 Volumes - 1897-1 02 Ramsay's 'listory of South Carolina, 1670-1890 - David Ramsay, M.!). - 1833 Tlii? Statistics of South Carolina - Icobert Mills - 1826 The History of South Carolina in 4 Volumes - David 1'Hincan - 1934 Historical Account of iTotes tani-Kpi&conal Church in South C a r o 1 i r i a - Fr e tl fj r i ck D a 1 c h o , M . 0 . - ! 8 2 0 rrotc*-* tant Episcopal Church in South Carolina 1820-1057 - \. S. Thomas - 1957 Churl t»s ton The Place and The People « Mrs. St. Julien [;:avenel 1 OOG i t'O I L RLl^STON ''v,,urt^; ,1.;.,- ^\ ,,--\ v L'c'"s ' :. ! •? ^i '••xt^ ' "*•?*'jf*"n***c™\^ "^\*''i^ \ ' "' AREA ij, •^fex^.l'^isfA^ -"j^.v '. po V\ N ?' ' Pia¥sro^^^ ^rft^ ^ fJ. F • ' 'i wff i7..-vV'3*wrV#r'* ^ .,ap's \ *. TA.f'e^t >••• cwcsc) \'.-." i(n!''i i '•" iT J L.v ; ^-x> S < '-v-v^fl.OJ -.-->"" V^r^'i _ . _x \*^ v.v^^ \^\> N ''i* piaTTf^:^;V '^2^-^-7 15 ' ' neri'aven '.-, . J 11 lospital- ' > V.*'i _^~;*"\ x/X \v N \ *** *•« " ** _d-\ CHARLESTON HARBOR //vr/?<4co/«sr/»t ISLAND SPQ// ' •• "3ai««s ! L'- ••••• .... L \ .Yacht pint.' v»'"' -"" "^ - -• "l "^ -V. "• r--" "" --/ "/. ' *" .'• ^i'( '^-N ,,-j'1^ ——^ x' \ '~^^ F-itJom tt '' "--.^ i Marine rtiolcgicdl Sta ^^Vater v-/ "\ .,""'" ' ^'- • T.daiFW ^ ) , /Jt Johnson 'X ~"' S--^.l "-•••• " ""--•" " "-*\ ' '\ _ \ ..ii • it ""T L ,. ,.' •ac • :, !• '-Water \ , - , 55' 6Q2 5O«9 /// NW • SCALE 1:24000 j&C 7>, 4- , -4- -i. i J~> 1 7 0 1 MILE JJK* =f {jtSTrior oofr), rwTcjeii -f&r r^p is-fr*tton RQ 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 -JOOO 6000 7000 FEET F"J ~ Oi rtn'ct" dJrer«J.y rc?o i'i"tcTei; H63W'(1utV 150 1 KILOMETER Kaffcrxi^ fffifor/c. l,or Medium-duty — , . 1 r\ ] £ u rn berl $ocl 3V fceerf' RfC'm? AND A£r; CQFAPILEO _ PLAT cr IS-' 187 183. 131.195.197.ISO,20., T.C3 EAST BAY ST. PENINSULAR CHARLESTON •<> m * \-c.'^\ 1»j^rJ' ,. s-sr«ie»ti,go| _;--u s^incti.tScnr^ r/ Charleston Historic District (boundaries as amended to include the Francis Marion Hotel) V NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DISTRICT m FRANCIS MARION HOTEL