DiscoverScotland Famous Scots turbulent years. whichwereturbulent marriages After two politicaldisasters andthe King on thedeathofherfirsthusband,Scotland Francis IIof France, to reign in inLinlithgow Palace,Born butbrought upinFrance asCatholic, shereturned to ofScots 1542-1587 Queen Mary inEdinburgh. Houseisopentoof Scots. thepubliconRoyalMile Knox John Mary, withtheQueen John Catholic cameintoby Calvin, heoften conflict Influenced figureReformationScotland. inthe in wasakey inHaddington, Knox John Born John Knox 1505-1572 executed inLondon. There isamonumentdedicated to himatStirling. the army ofEdward Bridge. Hewaseventually betrayed IattheBattleofStirling and the Englishoccupationatbeginning ofthe Wars Hedefeated ofIndependence. inElderslie,Born nearPaisley, William Wallace wasleaderoftheScots’ resistance against William Wallace1274-1305 and there isaNational Trust for visitor Scotland centre atthesite nearStirling. 1329. pointsofthewar in1314wasoneofthemainturning The BattleofBannockburn againstEnglishoccupation.HewascrownedIndependence in1306andreigned until in figureBorn the during theBrucewasakey Castle,Turnberry Robert Wars of theBruce 1274-1329 Robert 1050. apilgrimage Rome in king to to make times.Scottish in bloodthirsty Hewasthefirst the samename. himinabetter chronicled lightasafairking The portrayed real story from ofScotland 1040-1057, madefamousby Shakespeare’s wasKing MacBeth play of 1005-1057 MacBeth conversion ofthePicts. Today, Ionaremains areligious community. to atIonaandsetaboutthe Scotland. Hefoundedbringing Christianity themonastery Prince, for in521Donegal,St Columba, wasanIrish born butisbetter known St Columba 521-598 History ongrowing. keeps thelistoffamousScots andartists, writers toFrom andqueens, great warriors innovative kings inventors legendary to inspiring isrenownedScotland for itspeoplehave thehugeimpact madeonhow we live today. near Pitlochry. William ofOrangeattheBattle ofKilliecrankie. There isavisitor centre atKilliecrankie Clavers’. successfully routing after thegovernment forces Hewasshotandkilled of control theCovenanters inthereign II,where ofJames thename heearned ‘Bloody GrahamwasaprofessionalJohn soldierwhofought inEurope before returning to John Graham ofClaverhouse, Viscount 1649-1689 Dundee crown. andEnglandthusunitingthe ofbothScotland childless in1603,hebecameking crowned in1567ontheabdicationofhismother. When Elizabeth IofEnglanddied James, inEdinburgh QueenofScots, theonlysonofMary, wasborn Castle. Hewas James IofEnglandand VI ofScotland 1566-1625 across related Scotland to QueenofScots. Mary, her.I imprisoned wasexecuted atFotheringhay Mary Castle in1587. There are sites Firstappointment ofanItalian Minister, shefled to Englandwhere hercousin Elizabeth FAMOUS SCOTS DiscoverScotland Rob RoyRob MacGregor 1671-1734 Born illegitimate, the son of a plough-boy and serving girlinLossiemouth, illegitimate,Born hewas thesonofaplough-boy andserving 1866-1937 Ramsay MacDonald has anexhibitionof William Gladstone memorabilia. Gladstone Fasque wasalsoaconsiderablescholarandauthorinhisown right. House HomeRule.Irish politics ofhistime. ontheissueof HefinallydividedtheLiberal Party andforeigndevelopment ofimperial onthe policy. Hestampedhismoralauthority he wasresponsible for sphere majorreforms ofnationallife andfor inevery the Leader andPrime infour oftheLiberalParty Minister governments from 1868to 1894, atFasqueBorn HouseinFettercairn, Gladstone isthegrand politics. oldmanofBritish W.E. Gladstone 1809-1898 Politics Edinburgh. onlyby theweather in1778andwasthwarted fromBritain launchinganattackon the Wars Hefought ofIndependence. withtheFrench plannedto when they invade in1747andfounded during Navy theAmerican inKirkcudbrightshire wasborn Jones John Paul Jones1747-1792 Shereturned toof Independence. in1778. Scotland she emigrated to theUnited States, where inthe herfamilysidedwiththeBritish Wars onhisheadof£30,000.Later inlife whenhehadaprice Burke, maidBetty as herIrish Prince Bonnie in sheltering onhisescapethrough Charlie Scotland. Shedisguisedhim Uistinthe onSouth Born Western Isles, Flora wasmadefamousfor Macdonald herpart Flora Macdonald 1722-1790 ‘Lochaber noMore’ outside. inthecourtyard beforein theHighlands hisreturn to France. As helay dyinginRome, apiperplayed of Culloden in1746where there isnow animpressive visitor centre. Hewasafugitive expected, managedto reach Derby. The rebellion waseffectively crushedattheBattle the ill-fated 1745Jacobite rebellion which,despite beingamuchsmallerarmy than inItaly,Born hewasthegrandson ofJames andIIofEngland.VII ofScotland Heled PrinceBonnie Charlie 1720-1788 Balquhidder. name. There Roy isaRob Visitor Centre inCallander andhisgrave issituated innearby 1715 Jacobite uprising. Sir Walter himinthebookofsame immortalised Scott He wasafamousfreebooter from the Trossachs inthe area whoalsoparticipated character wascaptured of character in the1981filmChariots Fire. on by winninggold (440yards) atthe1924Paris Olympics. Agreat and dealofhisspirit Liddellbrokethe100yards record British An outstandingsportsman, in1923,following Eric Liddell1902-1945 Sport ofChange’‘Wind onAfrica. warning standard oflivingwenthistimeinoffice. upduring Heisalso remembered forhis as 1957and1963.Hewasknown between ‘Super Mac’ dueto therate thatthe becamePrime ofGreat descent,Harold Minister Britain ofScottish MacMillan Born 1894-1986 Harold MacMillan formed Baldwinin1931. acoalitionGovernmentwithStanley in1929 andlater Minister the first Labour in1924.Hewas elected re-elected Prime DiscoverScotland Jim Clark 1936-1968 Born in Stewarton, Ayrshire, inStewarton, Born DalejoinedwiththeEnglishcotton-spinning inventor Sir David Dale1739-1806 power himwasstandardised namedafter The unitofelectrical inthe1880s. atanironworks inFalkirkworking onimproving andthenworked this in Birmingham. He patented aninvention whichwastheprototype steam engine in1769,whilst hefollowed inGreenock, Born inhisfather’s tradeofmathematicalinstrumentmaker. James Watt1736-1819 relevant intoday’s economicclimate. are theories still His by Marx. ofeconomictheory,works theotherbeingDasKapital economics. Oneofhisbooks, TheWealth ofNations, mostinfluential isoneofthetwo asthetruefounder ofclassical andraisedinKirkcaldy, Smithisknown Born Adam Smith1723-1790 submarine. Castle HealsobuiltLauriston inEdinburgh, whichisopento thepublic. invented warmachines, includingtheforerunner ofthearmoured tankandthe him.Hewasaneminentmathematicianandinventednamed after logarithms. Healso inMerchiston oftheUniversity Napier wasborn Castle inEdinburgh, whichisnow part John Napier1550-1617 Invention andDiscovery Commonwealth Games, isnamedinhishonour. including anMBEin2005and HoyThe SirChris Velodrome, builtfor the2014 winning three Olympics. goldsatthe2008Beijing Hehasreceived many accolades goldmedalwinner, championandOlympicGames He isamultipleworld impressively whorepresents Hoytrackcyclist isaScottish andalsoGreatChris bothScotland Britain. Chris Hoy 1976- Slam tournaments. Open andthe2011Australian Open,andhasreached thesemi-finalsofall four Grand has beenrunner-up inthree GrandSlamfinals:the2008USOpen,2010 Australian isaprofessionalAndy Murray tennis player No.3 andcurrently ranked intheworld. He Andy Murray 1987- There isamuseumdedicated to himinDuns. Considered by many asthegreatest racingdriverofalltime, hewon 25GrandPrix. became JimClark inChirnside, Berwickshire, Born World drivertwice. ChampionRacing The Mackintosh raincoat was named after him. raincoatwas namedafter The Mackintosh inGlasgow,Born wasachemistandinventor Macintosh Charles ofwaterproof fabrics. Charles Macintosh 1766-1843 west coastofScotland, Canal inSweden. andtheGotha inEdinburgh, Bridge theeastand included theDean theCaledonian Canal, linking mason, whichputhimingood stead as acivilengineer. creations asanengineer His shepherd,The sonofanEskdalemuir Telford hisapprenticeship asastone served Thomas Telford1757-1834 as commonly known Tarmac. inAyr,Born MacAdam invented John system ofroad theMacadamising making, John ‘Tar’ MacAdam 1756-1836 site.heritage and low costhousing. CentreThe Lanark New isnowandworld avisitor attraction improved theconditions ofhisemployees, providing abalanceddiet,free schooling Dale Mills. to Lanark buildtheNew lived partnership inashort Richard Arkwright DiscoverScotland concept wasfundamentalinthedevelopment ofthemotor car. fromhim to solidrubberto changethetyresofacycle having apneumatictyre. This inAyrshire thatled Dunlop wasborn washishobby asacyclist andbecameavet. It 1840-1921 John Dunlop (1883-1890). and thecantilever ForthBridge Railway 85-span thenew engineering businessconstructed His Tay (1882-1887), Bridge Railway inRenfrewshire,Born thesonofaspinner, projectswere two to give Arrol lastingfame. Sir William Arrol 1839-1913 andSutherland. Skye Knoydart, JohnMuir Trust throughout thecountry, hasreserves includingareas inEastLothian, influenced PresidentRoosevelt to America’sform Scotland, In the first nationalpark. inDunbar,Born ofhistime. He wasoneofthemostfamousconservationists Muir John Muir1838-1914 ofthisexceptionalDunfermline man. tells thestory Castle for hisretirement.and builtSkibo in Museum The Andrew Carnegie Birthplace throughout Scotland, England, theUnited States andCanada. Hereturned to Scotland of hiswealth to causeshefelt would benefitsociety, andbuilt over 2,500 free libraries intheUnited States. ndustry isthathegave asizeable percentageWhat isremarkable inDunfermline toBorn aweaving family, Andrew inthesteel Carnegie madeafortune Andrew Carnegie 1835-1918 photograph. andtookelectro-magnetism thefirstcolour cybernetics,in thefieldofscience. introduced Heoriginated theideaof thenotionof discoveries ofaDunfermline madeimportant Son landowner Clerk-Maxwell James James Clerk-Maxwell 1831-1879 presume”. There isavisitor centre inBlantyreaboutthelife ofLivingstone. quoted theoften line whospoke Stanley Henry met journalist “Dr Livingstone I FallsVictoria thathe wasontheNile It andledexpeditionsuptheZambesi andNile. inBlantyre,Born Livingstone becameanexplorer andmissionary. Hediscovered the David Livingstone 1813-1873 and coals, andwent onto setupScotland’s firstoilindustry. inGlasgow,Born Young realised paraffin thepotential shales forfrom oil-rich extracting James ‘Paraffin’ 1811-1883 Young years. for another11 ofpenicillinin1928althoughthedrugwasnot perfected his discovery inLoudoun,Born Ayrshire, vaccines. on anti-typhoid Hebecamefamousfor heworked Sir Alexander Fleming 1881-1955 was inthisresearch inBoston thathedeveloped thetelephone. due to illhealth.Heinitiallyplannedto invent amachineto helpthedeafto hear. It Square inCharlotte inEdinburgh’sBorn New Town, emigrated Bell to theUnited States Alexander Graham 1847-1922 Bell behaviour ofgasesatlow temperature. He alsoinvented cordite. inKincardine. Heinvented wasborn whilstinvestigatingDewar the thevacuumflask, Sir James Dewar 1842-1923 DiscoverScotland John Logie Baird 1888-1946 National Trust inKirriemuir, for whichisopento owns the Scotland hisbirthplace inAngus, Barrie’s SirJames inKirriemuir Born isPeter mostfamouswork Pan. The Sir James1860-1937 Barrie detective on the fictional Picardy Place, whereDoyle wasborn. for ofdetective novels, hisseries he isbestknown Holmes. Sherlock There isastatue of Conan went Doyle onto inEdinburgh, studymedicine there,Born SirArthur though Conan DoyleSir Arthur 1859-1930 died in1894. was constantlydoggedby illhealthandfor thisreason hemoved to Samoa,where he a famousnovelist. Hewrote many classicsincluding Treasure He IslandandKidnapped. inEdinburgh,Born thesonofalighthouseengineer, Louise Stevenson became Robert Louis StevensonRobert 1850-1894 andcharacter.history andforthe imageofScotland establishingmany conceptionsofScottish modern Waverley Roy. andRob wasmore Scott responsible thananyone elsefor transforming phenomenally successfulpoetandnovelist withromantic suchas works historical inEdinburgh,Born Sir Walter beganinthelegalprofession, Scott butbecamea Sir Walter Scott 1771-1832 Alloway thecottagewhere alsoincorporates hewasborn. in Museum became anExciseman anddiedinDumfries. Birthplace Burns The Robert elite inEdinburgh attacksontheestablishment.Helater satirical withitsoften literary popularwiththe for becamevery work inthelanguageofpeople. writing His inAlloway,Born justsouthofAyr, wasthesonofagardener Burns andisfamed Robert Burns1759-1796 Robert Literature reachingsound after inEdinburgh. 763mphonlandin1997.RichardNoblewasborn Land SpeedRecord. Hethenjoinedthe SSC’‘Thrust team andbrokethespeedof in1983RichardNoblewon the After reaching Desert 633mphintheNevada World Noble(1946-) Richard television to anumberofscientistsinhisflat London. 1926hefirstdemonstrated he begantelevision research equipment.In withmakeshift inHelensburgh, Logie John Born engineering.1922 Baird In wasastudentofelectrical worked hard to establish Scotland as a serious literary base. hard literary toworked asaserious establish Scotland NationalParty.Scottish However, thatmadehimfamous andhe itwashispoetry LabourParty,Independent andafounder theCommunist Party memberofthe wasinvolved inLangholm,MacDiarmid memberofthe inpoliticsasanearly Born 1892-1978 Hugh MacDiarmid particularly The 39Steps. He alsowrote biographies. historical ofCanada. Hewasmostfamousforculminating asGovernorGeneral hisnovels, inPerthandwent Buchanwasborn ontoJohn have adistinguisheddiplomaticcareer John Buchan,Lord Tweedsmuir 1875-1940 public. DiscoverScotland Alexander McCall Smith(1948-) notably the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, the Burrell Collection andBroughton theBurrell andMuseum, Collection Gallery notably theKelvingrove Art andE.A.Hornel. George Henry collections, Scottish Their canbeseeninvarious works Scotland. Principal membersofthegroup Crawhill, includedJoseph Guthrie, SirJames of andotherparts Cockburnspath scenes ofrurallife inKirkcudbright, andcharacter the 1880sand1890sand, aswell aspaintinginGlasgow anditsenvirons sought they represented byAcademy theRoyalScottish inEdinburgh. throughoutThey flourished world, matter oftheestablishedart subject challenge to theclassicalandallegorical French painters andby of thetonal harmonies Whistler, gainedrecognition asa thelate 1870sagroupinfluenced by thesocial In realism ofcertain ofyoung artists Boys’ The ‘Glasgow never famefor gainedasmuchinternational thisasfor hisarchitecture. HouseinHelensburgh. LaterHill heconcentrated onhispaintingcareer althoughhe Lover andHousefor anArt intheGlasgow areainclude theGlasgowofArt, School and inGlasgow,Born wasoneofScotland’s Mackintosh mostoriginal architects. works His 1868-1928 Charles Mackintosh Rennie SquareHouse andCharlotte inEdinburgh, andCulzean Castle inAyrshire. inKirkcaldy,Fife,Born Adam isafamousarchitect includesRegister whosework Robert Adam 1728-1792 Robert andArchitecture Art beginning. time. Rowlinglives inEdinburgh hasinfluencedherbooksfrom andthecity the very Potter booksthathave Harry becomethebest-selling ofall well-known bookseries J KRowlingbecameoneofScotland’s authorswithher mostrenowned contemporary JK Rowling (1965-) now lives inEdinburgh attending inthecity. after university isoriginally from Fife novels.the focus Rebus ofhisbest-selling Rankin Inspector but oneofBritain’sIan Rankin, mostprolific writers, crime usesthe Edinburgh’s sideas dark (1960-) Ian Rankin novels aswell Street. astheepisodic44Scotland was series television created renowninternational afilmandspin-off after fromthe forbest-known The No. 1Ladies’ him whichhasearned series Agency Detective alongwithnumerous series successfulchildren’sof well-known books. Smithis McCall SmithisaprolificAlexander McCall Edinburgh-based anumber whohaswritten writer ing Butler, whichfetched £750,000 atauction. Academy.the RoyalScottish Perhaps ofhispaintings is themostwell-known The Sing and painted inhisspare timeuntil1988,whenhedecided to paintingsto submittwo Vettriano beganhis career asanapprentice miningengineer coalfields inthe Scottish atthetimegavewhen hisgirlfriend him somewatercolour paintsfor his21stbirthday. Hailing from thesmalltown inFife, ofMethil Jack Vettriano beganpaintingby accident Jack Vettrianno(1951-) andtheJDFergusson inPerth. Gallery Gallery Art Kirkcaldy Gallery, Art Leslie Hunter and J.D. Fergusson. suchasAberdeen Originals canbeseeningalleries Frenchcontemporary painting, theirmainrepresentatives are S.J. Peploe, F.C.B. Cadell, Trained inFrance andconsequentlyborrowing from thestrong andvibrantcoloursof Scottish painting. the 1920sand1930shadaseminalinfluenceon20th Century found Colourists The Scottish were they fameinthe 1980slongafter exhibitingin Colourists’ The ‘Scottish House, Kirkcudbright. - DiscoverScotland Film, andComedy TV Obi-Wan inStar Kenobi Wars. ofhisgeneration.Healsoappeared acclaimedactors as andcritically the bestknown inCrieff,Born this shot young actor to famein Trainspotting in1996andisnow oneof Ewan McGregor (1971-) Brownclaimed Mrs and The Last Samurai. 70’s.show intheearly Hehassincebeeninanumberofmovies includingtheac of hisshows took over andheshotto fame, following anappearanceonParkinson’s Shipyards asawelder, offplaying thebanjobutcomedyelement Connolly started personality. inthe Billy Connolly comedianand isaGlasgow born After working TV Billy Connolly (1942-) Edinburgh. living in The Bahamas, hereturns andbred regularly to andwasborn in Scotland Bond,James althoughhealsowon anOscarfor hisrole in The Untouchables. Now known filmactor,for his best A popularandwell isperhaps known roleas Connery (1930-) Connery Sean How Green wasmy Valley. butemigrated to inAberfeldy theUSAin1906. Hewasborn appeared Crisp International inoverDonald filmsincluding 400Hollywood Velvet and Donald Crisp 1880-1974 for 50years fillinghallsacross thecountry. although benign, stereotype ofScotland. However, hewasatthetop ofhisprofession of Scotland. controversy aderogatory, Heattracted ashishumourwasseento support Lauderbecameoneofthemostfamouscomicsto comeout inPortobello,Born Harry Lauder1870-1950 Harry VisitScotland canacceptnoresponsibility for anyerrorsoromissionscontained inthepublication. www.visitscotland.com The information containedinthispublicationiscorrectat thetimeofgoingtoprint. The information

Scotland. To bookaccommodationinVisitScotland QualityAssured propertiesthroughout Welcome to our life. Scotland visitwww.visitscotland.com andadvicetohelp orforinformation you planandbookyournextholiday [email protected] Want toknowmoreaboutScotland? Produced by Publishing Services, VisitScotland January 2011 VisitScotland January Produced byPublishing Services, Email: [email protected] -