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While a current visitor is entertained by the Zoo’s activities, what had once been an amazed and curious early Zoo visitor has evolved today into one who inhabits a more enlightened world. Today’s visitors embrace the educational and scientific objectives of the Zoo’s charter: education, conservation, recreation and research. IN THE BEGINNING Origin. In 1859, Pennsylvanian James Buchanan was President of the United States, Charles Darwin published The Origin of the Species, Charles Dickens released A Tale of Two Cities and the Zoological Society of Philadelphia was chartered as America’s first Zoo on March 21 when its non-profit incorporation charter was approved by the Pennsylvania Commonwealth for the “purchase and collection of living wild and other animals, for the purpose of public exhibition”... and “for the instruction and recreation of the people.” This was the first society of its kind in the country and was initiated by William Camac, M.D. who became its first President. Dr. Camac had been involved in the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Franklin Institute and the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, all of which reflected his varied scientific interests. Interim. The Society then “languished and lay dormant” until after the Civil War. Camac and the 27 remaining founders reconvened in 1872 and provided the initial money. In 1873, the Commissioners of Fairmount Park granted the Society a perpetual lease to a plot at the “southern end of the West Park,” which is where the Zoo stands today. The original Zoo was designed by Herman J. Schwarzmann, a German-born engineer employed by the Fairmount Park Commission, who was also the designer and builder of the nation’s Centennial Exposition in Fairmount Park. Schwarzmann, in turn, hired architects to design Zoo buildings: Frank Furness (Gate Houses), George Hewitt (Deer Winter House), Theophilus Chandler (Monkey House, Reptile House), Edward Collins and Charles M. Autenreith (Lion and Tiger House) and John Crump (Horse Sheds). In July 1873, while collecting animals in Australia, Mr. Frank J. Thompson received a letter from Dr. William Camac in which Dr. Camac offered Mr. Thompson a house to live in and a salary of $2,000 a year for the job of Zoo Superintendent. In that same letter Dr. Camac wrote that "a collection of Australian birds would be very desirable, and, of course some kangaroos." Mr. Thompson returned from Australia with swans, geese, cockatoos, History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 2/38 parakeets, wombats, dingoes, a Tasmanian devil, wallabies, and, of course, kangaroos. Thanks to Mr. Thompson, who became the first Director of the Zoo in 1874, opening day at the Zoo offered an extensive collection of Australian animals: 10 species of marsupials, numerous colorful and exotic birds and other Australian animals that he had collected. See Appendix A for PZ animal collection on opening day. Opening. When the Philadelphia Zoological Garden first opened its Victorian gates on July 1, 1874 to over 3,000 visitors, it was the only institution of its kind in the New World. It began as a full-fledged 10-acre to 11-acre zoo with fine and varied exhibits for marsupials, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. (See Appendix A). There were goat-cart rides. Reptiles and small mammals were housed in The Solitude. A Carriage House at the entrance was for the horses that had transported visitors to the Zoo. Landscaping and architecture created a Victorian garden atmosphere that still characterizes the grounds. The managers stressed the need for the very best facilities, affording optimum husbandry and in-depth scientific observations, including necropsies. By the time of its first birthday, the Zoo’s animal inventory was so large it would have rivaled even some of modern day best collections. Admission. When the Zoo opened in 1874, Society members were admitted free. Others paid $0.25 for adults and $0.10 for children, an admissions policy that remained in place for 50 years! In the first eight months, 227,557 visitors arrived by foot, horse carriage, passenger train and steamboat on the Schuylkill River. The Philadelphia Zoo’s admissions during its first eight months even exceeded the London Zoo's annual admissions, at that time the most successful foreign Garden, which proved just how great a public desire the Society had satisfied. GENERAL OVERVIEW The Zoo's longest reigning director. Arthur Edwin Brown, the Zoo's second and longest reigning director, served for 34 years, from April 1876 until his death on October 29, 1910. Prior to the Zoo, Mr. Brown served as the deputy superintendent of the Delaware and Raritan Canal. He became director of the Zoo during its second year and just before the nearby Fairmount Park Centennial Exposition opening ceremony which attracted huge crowds and record attendance at the Zoo. During the early portion of his management of the Zoo, Mr. Brown lived on Zoo grounds in The Solitude, John Penn's mansion built in 1784. Described as an astute naturalist who achieved considerable renown as a herpetologist, he wrote over 20 articles chiefly in herpetology, but also on bears and primates, and discovered 4 types of North American snakes that previously had been unknown to science. Attendance. The 1876 Centennial Exhibition was held in Fairmount Park from May 10- November 10, a few blocks from the, by then, 33-acre Zoo. The U. S. President, Ulysses S. Grant, officiated at the Exhibition and visited the Zoo on April 23. Zoo attendance that year increased as a result of the Centennial Exhibition: the nearly 680,000 attendance, a 36% increase over the preceding year, set a record that would remain unmatched until 75 years later, when the 1951 attendance attracted 857,901 visitors for the opening of the new Carnivora House. The 1951 record fell in 1957 when attendance reached 874,351 for the opening of the Daniel W. Dietrich Memorial Children’s Zoo. At the Zoo’s charter Centennial in 1959, 29 million visitors had visited the Zoo since its opening in 1874. By 1959, the Zoo was attracting more visitors than any other cultural institution in Philadelphia; only the Phillies baseball team bettered the Zoo in attendance. On November 1, 1966, the Zoo welcomed its one millionth visitor (11-year old Margaret Serino from Prospect Park, NJ). During 1991, the Zoo’s attendance reached 1.3 million, an attendance surpassed only by the Liberty Bell, which offers free admission. In 2006, the Zoo attendance surpassed the 1.2 million visitor mark for first time since 1996. In 2009, the History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 3/38 attendance was 1, 265,335. Finances. From the start, America’s first zoo was a private venture, a municipally funded enterprise: the Zoo’s operating budget continues to be funded privately through gate receipts rather than government subsidies. Toward the end of the second decade of the Zoo’s operation, after numerous financial struggles, the City of Philadelphia, through the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, began its annual grant toward maintenance of the Zoological Garden. Beginning in 1891, the City appropriated $2,000 from the Fairmount Park budget to build a series of pheasant enclosures. In appreciation, the Zoo set aside 10,000 free admissions for school students, setting up a close relationship with the City’s Board of Education and school district. Electricity . In 1928, the Zoo marked another milestone with the installation of electricity after functioning “in the dark” for 54 years. On July 27, a switch was thrown “and all buildings were flooded with light for the first time in the history of the garden.” Buildings were lighted by electricity and dim bulbs were installed to aid in checking on the animals at night. The electricity was also put to use for X-rays, refrigeration systems, fans, phonographs and food grinders. Great Depression. During the Great Depression which started on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929 and lasted until the start of World War II, the Zoo passed through its most critical period. Along with fiscal woes, its exhibition buildings, work buildings, pens and paddocks were old and in need of repair or replacement. The Pennsylvania Railroad helped to underwrite the development of the southern end of the PZ property in exchange for a small piece of property, also at the southern end. The Zoo hired 160 unemployed men at city expense for 3 days a week, but only as a stopgap measure. There were thoughts of closing the Garden and selling off the animals. In 1932, the children of Philadelphia responded immediately by emptying their piggy banks and sending money to the Zoo, writing and staging plays, putting on circuses and creating many lemonade and candy stands on Philadelphia streets. All over the city and in the suburbs, children, either individually or in groups, began sending gifts to the Zoo's director. Garden parties were held by children in Germantown and Frankford, a lemonade business was opened for a week in Upper Darby, and, in other areas, entertainment shows and circuses were held to raise funds for feeding the Zoo animals. Contributions then poured in from schools and clubs, and the Junior Cinema Guild pledged the proceeds of its 2nd season’s 1st performance to the Food Fund to save the rare collection of animals from eviction. Support was received from many others including the Bryn Mawr Kennel Club which turned over the proceeds from its Dog Show and from the Board of Education since the Zoo is "maintained as an educational feature of our city and is primarily devoted to the interest of the school children." Also, under the New Deal, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA) and other organizations contributed more than $250,000 worth of labor to repair facilities and construct new walks. The CWA workers helped to construct the Baby Pet Zoo which operated between 1938 and 1944, and was the first on this side of the Atlantic. Victory Garden. 1940s. This garden was planted on a 26,000-square-foot parcel of land where the old Elephant House had been; the vegetables grown there fed the Zoo stock.

Renaissance. From the Depression to a return of post-war prosperity, more than half of the Zoo was rebuilt or modernized. Changes initiated by Freeman Shelly, who became Business Manager in 1936, placed the Zoo on a sound footing. Mr. Shelly became the 6th director of the Zoo from 1939 until 1955, making him the 2nd-longest reigning director. He became administrative head of the Zoo at a time when the Zoo was still struggling to recover from the Great Depression. The renaissance began in 1938 and was symbolized by a workaday Service Building. New vitality History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 4/38 was introduced at the administrative level. The Society took over the concessions on the theory that, if any money was to be made from the sales of souvenirs and refreshments, it should be used to help maintain the Garden and feed the animals. Scientifically trained curators were appointed. Under Mr. Shelly’s directorship, the Zoo prospered and was counted among the great world zoos. During his time, the Elephant House, Carnivora House, Children's Zoo, Bird Valley and Rare Mammal House were built, the Bird House and Reptile House were modernized, and the Small Mammal House was nearly completed. In 1958, Mr. Shelly was elected President of the International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens, a first for any American. Mr. Shelly died on July 26, 1983 and was remembered for modernizing the Zoo and steering it through its most difficult period, the Depression and World War II. Pachyderm Parade. On April 16, 1941, the Zoo gates were closed for the first time in 67 years (except for the winter holidays) while the largest animals in the collection were transferred from the old elephant house to the new pachyderm building. A runway more than 100 yards long, built of wire and heavily reinforced, was erected between the 2 buildings. Pete, the 3-ton hippo, was the first to make the trek. After almost an hour, during which he spent most of his time stopping to look over the situation, he was finally ushered into his new home. Peggy, the Asian 1-horned rhino, followed and made much better time. Baby elephant, Burma, young hippo, Jimmy, a tapir and a pygmy hippo were all transferred easily. Josephine, an African elephant at the Zoo since 1925, refused to enter the new building. A separate corral was erected outside the door leading to her new stalls. She was free to either stay in this, or to enter her new home at any time she made up her mind to do so; 4 months later, she was finally ready to venture in.

Post War. The 6-year postwar improvement plan included the construction of (1) Lion and Tiger House with cageless grottos and a connecting building for smaller cats, (2) Great Ape House on the site of the old Lion House (RACC today) as well as (3) new Primate House and (4) new Monkey Island (which never materialized). In 1946, the Philadelphia committed $1 million to capital improvements. The first reinforcements to the animal collection at the war-depleted Zoo arrived in 1946: a shipment of 100 mammals, birds and reptiles from the London Zoo. Diamond Jubilee. 1949. The Zoo celebrated its 75 th birthday and important improvements were underway: funds for major improvements came from several sources. Wilson Catherwood, a member of the Board of Directors, willed a substantial fortune to the PZ for erection of the Service Building and the Elephant House as well as the rehabilitation of the Bird and Reptile Houses. The City of Philadelphia provided money for the Carnivore House and the new Rare Animal House, as well as the Small Mammal House, which featured simulated-habitat exhibits. 1950s-1960s. During these decades, close to half of the aging buildings at the Zoo were either rebuilt or totally renovated. The 1916 Bird House was gutted, expanded and remodeled and re- opened in 1950. The old Reptile House and Small Mammal House received $750,000 worth of improvements. The 1873 Lion House was torn down and replaced with the 1965 Rare Mammal House (RACC). To help answer the “what’s that?” questions every parent hears when walking through the zoo, the Zoo debuted 46 Talking Storybooks on June 24, 1960. The key-activated Storybooks contained tapes, written by Zoo curators, of fascinating and educational discussions about the animals in the exhibits with the goal of sharing information about the Zoo’s animals in an entertaining way. In 1994, new solar-powered Talking Storybooks were installed. The Talking Storybooks were removed in 2008 because of numerous maintenance problems. Renowned Herpetologist. Roger Conant joined the PZ in 1935 as Curator of Reptiles and served the Zoo for 38 years. He became the Zoo's 7th Director on January 1, 1967 and retired on History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 5/38

May 31, 1973. An international authority on reptiles and amphibians, he wrote over 240 professional publications, including the classic "Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America," which has sold over 500,000 copies. He described 20 new species and subspecies, mostly snakes; 3 snakes, 3 salamanders, and 1 water snake parasite were named after him. Dr. Conant, who traveled extensively in Europe and Africa, collected and observed wildlife in the field, spent 45 years in the zoo business and received the Marlin Perkins Award for distinguished service in the zoo field. Dr. Conant died on December 19, 2003. Modernization Program. In the 1970s, the Zoo embarked on modernization plans to display animals in naturalistic and environmentally rich habitats, an objective of many modern zoos. Projects included creation and/or modernization of African Plains I and II as well as the Eleanor S. Gray Hummingbird Exhibit and ground-breaking for Bear Country. The Shelly Educational/Administration Building opened in 1972 Centennial . 1974. The Zoo's Centennial Year was officially ushered in by an elaborately dressed "peacock" strutting down Broad Street in the Mummers parade on January 5. To commemorate 100 years of flora and fauna, the Zoo's Horticulture, Exhibits and Maintenance Departments prepared a special exhibit for the annual Philadelphia Flower and Garden Show held March 10- 17. Titled "The Animal Garden in Fairmount Park," the display consisted of 2 sections: 1 depicting the Zoo of the late 19th century and 1 depicting the modern Zoo. The Zoo's official birthday was celebrated on June 14 with Zoobilee, a gala birthday party for America's First Zoo. Zoobilee, an annual event with something for everyone, helped to celebrate and benefit the Zoo. Accreditation. 1974. The PZ and Portland Zoo became the nation's 1st officially accredited zoological gardens on October 3. The accreditation process was established by the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA) in its desire to encourage self- improvement and in its acknowledgment of the public's rightful concern for the well-being of captive animals. The accreditation format enables an individual zoo or aquarium to undertake a rigorous self-examination. On August 20-21, the PZ was inspected by a Visiting Committee composed of zoo directors from the Cleveland, Toledo and Cincinnati Zoos. The AAZPA reviewed the Zoo's application and a collection of data on the Zoo along with the Visiting Committee's report, and, based on these reports, accreditation was granted. Re-accreditation takes place on a regular basis. Movies . 1979. The Zoo played an important part in the movie “Rocky II”. When it opened in Philadelphia on June 15, several very romantic Zoo scenes were included, such as Rocky Balboa proposing to Adrienne in front of the Carnivora House. If you want to visit the famous location today, stand at the 2nd viewing area for the Amur tigers at Big Cat Falls. "Rocky II" scenes were also filmed in front of the Monkey and Ape House which is no longer standing. 1980s. The educational mission of the Zoo was expanded into an entire department and fundraising expanded to include Adopt-an-Animal, corporate donations and private donations. New construction included the new Treehouse, which replaced the 1877 Antelope House, as well as the World of Primates and Carnivore Kingdom.

1982. On June 26th and 27th, the Zoo held its 1st Teddy Bear Rally. The rally was so successful that Zoo staff made it an annual event and, in its 2nd year, America's Great Teddy Bear Rally attracted over 25,000 bear lovers. Bear bearers, young and old, received $1.00 off the regular Zoo admission and participated in special teddy bear contests including favorite ancient bear, bear talent, largest teddy bear, tiniest teddy bear, best dressed bear beauty and most unusual and unique teddy bear. Attendees also enjoyed the Zoo Shop Beartique, The Bear Booknook, Teddy History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 6/38

Bear Facepainting, Teddy Bear Appraisals and the Teddy Bear Clinic for Sick or Ailing Bears. There were also teddy bear celebrities in attendance, including Smokey the Bear, Bear Franklin and Grand Marshal Winnie the Pooh. Before and after the Rally, donated new teddy bears were given to children in local hospitals and shelters. The 9th and last Teddy Bear Rally was held in 1990 and celebrated Benjamin Franklin and Philadelphia Firsts: America's first hospital, library and zoo (and teddy bear rally). Hot-Air Balloon. 1983. Inauguration of the 7-story Zoobilee Hot Air Balloon was part of the bicentennial anniversary celebration of the world's first hot air balloon flight, which was held in Versailles, France in 1783. In that original flight, the Montgolfier brothers sent a sheep, duck and rooster 1,500’ into the air for 8 minutes. To commemorate that historic occasion, animals were present, although not sent into flight, for the May 5th balloon test flight which boasted a 20’ image of William Penn. 1990s. This decade saw the construction of the state-of-the-art Animal Health Center in 1998 and the opening of PECO Primate Reserve which replaced the World of Primates building that was destroyed in the tragic Christmas Eve fire in 1995. Aquarium. 1992. The NJ State Aquarium, initially managed by the PZ, opened on February 29 to provide the best public education about marine environments and aquatic wildlife. In 1982, the 3 major landowners of the Camden waterfront (Campbell's Soup, RCA and the city itself) had commissioned a study by the American Cities Corporation about what should be done with the waterfront. The Zoo was asked to study the feasibility of locating an aquarium there. The 4.5- acre aquarium was developed to provide information about the fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals of the NJ waters. Through comprehensive exhibits, visitors are educated about oceanography, the fishing industry, the shore's impact on the economy and the impact of ocean dumping on the quality of life. Website. As a direct result of the 1995 tragic fire at Christmas, the Zoo created and opened its website and went on-line during the summer of 1996. Questions from the public were solicited via the Ask a Docent function of the site. In 2003, the Zoo undertook and completed a major revision of its website. In 2007 a new website, www.philadelphiazoo.org, was inaugurated to make it easier for visitors to connect to wildlife and the environment. Our Wildest Dreams: The Philadelphia Zoo’s Campaign for Conservation Action. 2001- 2005 This campaign comprised the most ambitious transformation of America’s 1st zoo since it opened in 1874. Its capital funds goal of raising $75 million was created for state-of-the-art, innovative exhibits, personal interactions between guests and zookeepers, and education about wildlife issues and inspiration to conservation actions. The 1st major project, Bank of America Big Cat Falls, opened on May 25, 2006. The 2nd major project, the McNeill Avian Center, opened in 2009. The 3rd major project, KidZooU, opened in 2013. Sesquicentennial. 2009-2010. The PZ celebrated 150 years of building connections between families, wildlife and the environment by launching a year-long celebration. Its “Gifts of Gratitude” initiative provided the following 4 categories of gifts. (1) Gift of Discovery and Education: 150 Title I school groups, serving 6,000 school children from Philadelphia, Chester and Camden counties, were invited to visit and participate in a specially designed wildlife class. (2) Gift of Sharing and Community: PZ welcomed 15 dedicated organizations to share their own special day at the Zoo and coordinated with local social service organizations to present 150 family memberships to underserved families in the community. (3) Gift of Conservation and Legacy: Community Conservation Grant Program. PZ awarded a $1,500 conservation grant to History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 7/38 each of 15 innovative projects by local non-profits working to address wildlife conservation, environmental protection and awareness issues. (4) Gift to the Planet: PZ made a 10-year long- term commitment to the Golden Lion Tamarin Project to make a critical difference in the future of a species on the brink of extinction. (See Conservation. P. 17.) Other events included: (1) Mar 21-22: Sesquicentennial Weekend to kick off the year’s celebration; (2) April: Conservation Grants winner announced; (3) May 30: McNeil Avian Center opened; (4) June 11: Zoobilee with Birds of Paradise theme; and (5) September: The Solitude 225 th anniversary celebration and fundraiser; (6) New banners (giraffe, zebra and rhino) hanging on the Parkway at Eakins Oval, City Hall and Love Park; (7) History of the Zoo Exhibit in RAAC; (8) Docent Huddles discussions about the 1859 Society, named for the year of PZ’s historic founding and recognizing those who have provided for the Zoo in their estate plans; (9) 150 free memberships to non-profits in NJ/DE/PA; (10) Free posters designed by PAFA art students to PZ members; (11) Gifts to employees of behind-the-scenes tours or $150 donations to conservation projects of their choice; and (12) Free behind-the-scenes tours to volunteers. Finances. The Zoo is a private non-profit organization, run by the Zoological Society of Philadelphia under a state charter, and is financed by gate receipts, profits from the sale of refreshments and souvenirs, memberships and private donations and contributions. Over 90% of the Zoo’s budget is generated at the gate, making it the only major zoo in the country that subsists without public operating money. In FY 2003, the Zoo improved its overall financial position by implementing strategic sales and guest services plans that increased visitor spending by 12%. Pioneering a cutting-edge new trend in zoo experiences, Safari Quest was the Zoo’s most ambitious seasonal attraction ever. Encompassing 10 acres, and embedded with key conservation messages about wildlife issues in Africa, it immersed visitors in the sights, sounds and cultures of Africa. In 2013, the Zoo was awarded its largest foundation grant and one of the largest awards in its history: a $6 million grant from the William Penn Foundation. The foundation granted these funds toward 4 specific projects over a 3-year period that aligns with key platforms of the Zoo’s Strategic Plan: - assisting with the final fundraising efforts for KidZooU - designing and constructing forthcoming phases of the animal trail system - developing an earned revenue/guest experience master plan to re-imagine a Zoo guest experience that aligns with our animal experience and identifies ways in which earned revenue opportunities can flourish with better coordination

- creating a plan to expand the diversity and commitment of the Zoo’s donor base while also increasing internal capacity to support this growth and transformation Corporate Sponsorships. A growing trend in zoo funding is that of corporate sponsorships. The PZ is the beneficiary of the following: PECO Primate Reserve (1999), Channel 6 Zooballoon (2002) Dodge Rare Animal Conservation Center (2005), Tastykake Children’s Zoo (2005), First Niagara Big Cat Falls (2005), Pizza Hut Junior Zoo Apprentice Program (2005), Corporate Synergies Penguin Exhibit (2007) and McNeill Avian Center $1 million Kresge Challenge Grant (2007). In 2013 PZ and PECO teamed up for the PECO Smart Ideas Challenge to offer an in- depth curriculum experience focused on energy conservations for students from Title I schools across the region. CAP The Community Access Program allows for 5% of annual attendance, or 65,000 guests, free admission tickets to be made available to eligible Title I school children, community groups History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 8/38 and 501(c)(3) organizations whose mission and organizational goals support exploration and education. In addition to offering free admission, CAP offers ticket donations for raffles, fundraisers and events as well as off-site appearances by Zoo outreach programs. Mobile App. 2013. PZ launched a new website and mobile app on March 20 which allows for more streamlined sharing of Zoo information on Facebook, Twitter, You Tube and Pinterest. In 2013 Zoo Net was launched, the Zoo’s intranet, to bring internal communications into focus and to streamline an increasing number of processes overt time. ZooNet . 2013. The Zoo’s intranet was launched to bring internal communications into focus and to streamline an increasing number of processes over time. You360ShotSpot . 2016. A 3-dimensional optical illusion unique wild artwork mural made exclusively for the PZ sponsored by Xfinity debuted. For every 50 social media actions that include #sendaid, Xfinity supports another child to come to the Zoo with the ultimate goal of sending 10,000 children that might not otherwise have a chance to visit the Zoo. Zoo360/insider. 2016. PZ’s new mobile app provides a gateway to maximizing a Zoo experience before, during and after each visit. It was developed with the support of the Ujala Foundation and Raj and Kamla Gupta. EDUCATION The Zoo has maintained a close relationship with the Philadelphia School District and Board of Education since 1891 when it first offered 10,000 free admissions for school students. The PZ is a world leader in environmental education, creating America’s 1st children’s zoo and continuing with the Zoo’s extensive teaching endeavors at schools and on-site to more than 400,000 children each year. 1936. Making its educational debut on February 15, the weekly KYW radio program "What's New at the Zoo" aired continuously until October 26, 1969. On the air for more than three decades, the zoological news and information broadcast was one of the longest continuous public service series in KYW’s radio history. Roger Conant, Zoo Curator and Director, and, subsequently, Jeanne Segal Gaughan, hosted the show and prepared scripts discussing virtually every species in the Zoo's collection. Other Zoo personnel have appeared on WXPN and other radio stations during subsequent years. 1960. The PZ installed 46 Talking Storybooks on June 24 to help parents answer children’s questions such as “What’s that?” The key-activated Storybooks contained tapes of fascinating and educational material about the animals on exhibit in front of them. These audios were written by Zoo curators with the goal of teaching visitors something about the wonders of nature in an entertaining way. The 1970s witnessed an expansion of the Zoo’s educational functions: - 1972: The Docent Council was founded by Jeanne Segal Gaughan and Virginia Pearson to train volunteers to help educate the public. - 1972: The Philadelphia School District provided a teacher to the PZ to teach living- laboratory classes for young school children giving an “up close and personal” look at animal science. This program continued for nearly 30 years under the tutelage of its original teacher, Linda Jennings. - 1975: Conservation messages in an interactive theater format for children were the basis of 2 mini-plays a day during the "Zoo Walk Summer Theater's" 2 months of performances. - 1976: The Zoo’s travel program began in earnest with conservation-oriented trips. History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 9/38

The Zoo’s Education Department came “of age” during the 1980s: - 1984: A “Links” program was initiated, which offered a Zoo-related curriculum for the 3rd, 4th and 5th grades in which docents participated with the themes of adaptations, habitat and endangered species. - A “Zoo-camp” provided weeklong summer camp programs for inner-city children. - “Zoo and Me” provided lessons in the Zoo for pre-school and kindergarten children. - "Educator’s Day” comprised an annual day-long teachers’ program. - Educational programs for members included children’s workshops (ages 1.5-10 years), classes for Zoo Seniors, adult-education classes, teacher workshops and college internships. - 1983: A Zoo-wide system of identification signs and interpretative graphics was established. - 1985: The TREEHOUSE, a unique discovery center in which children play and learn by becoming the animals as they explore 6 larger-than-life simulated habitats, opened. The TREEHOUSE offered workshops, including presentations by the TREEHOUSE Troupe. One of the most popular of the Zoo’s educational offerings is “Night Flights,” an educational sleep-over for small groups, which, today, presents offerings to students, scouts and Zoo members. - The Keepers began to offer activities such as Behind-the-Scenes tours. 1991. The Zoo initiated its Zoo on Wheels program which brings naturalists and animals to children. 1994. The Zoo received the Traveler’s Aid Society’s Award of Civic Commitment for education. The American Association of Museums selected the PZ as one of only 13 museums in the country as part of its Excellence and Equity In Education program. During 1994, solar-powered Talking Storybooks conveying different messages about animal facts and conservation were reinstituted at numerous Zoo exhibits. 1996. The PZ launched the JZAP (Junior Zoo Apprentice Program) with a grant from YouthALIVE!, an initiative of the DeWitt Wallace Reader’s Digest Fund. Over 4 years, JZAP members, who normally start the program at age 14, rotate through the Zoo's departments, learning about zoology, ecology, horticulture and conservation. 2005. More than 200,000 students and teachers reserved their spots for the best field trip ever at the PZ. The Zoo served more than 80,000 children from low-income families through an array of grant-funded educational programs designed to extend the Zoo’s outreach in underserved areas. 2006. The PZ staff presented more than 1,000 educational programs. 200,000 schoolchildren were hosted by the PZ; 80,000 of these children enjoyed free entrance to the Zoo and educational programs through grants for low-income school districts. 2008. The Zoo on Wheels outreach program continued to bring live animal experiences to over 130,000 people in the Delaware Valley. Over 400 campers attended summer camp. 2008. The PZ launched its new inaugural “Junior Advisory Council” comprised of 15-20 students, ages 8-14, to provide input on Zoo issues as part of the Zoo’s countdown to its 150 th birthday on March 21, 2009. See page 7. 2013. The PZ’s Zoo on Wheels, in existence since 1991, reached close to 150,000 children annually with 25 traveling naturalists working with over 150 animals including owls, porcupines, armadillos, rabbits, chickens and lizards. SCIENCE AND RESEARCH AND NUTRITION The mission of the research program at the PZ has remained constant since 1874: to improve the History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 10/38 quality of care of the Zoo’s animal collection and to disseminate knowledge gained to professional colleagues. The strengths of the PZ are in the areas of nutrition, animal management and animal behavior. Starting in 1874, Professor Henry C. Chapman dissected dead animals to determine the cause of death and to describe any unknown or unique features. After 1882, necropsies (autopsies on animals) were done on interesting animals by Arthur E. Brown. The Penrose Research Laboratory (originally the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology) was established in 1901, the 1st of its kind in any zoo and, at that time, unequalled in the world. Contributions of the Penrose Research Lab to zoo management have included gains in freedom from disease, in vigor and in longevity. The Lab was famous for its achievements in comparative pathology, describing, for the 1st time, many parallels between human and animal diseases, and for the development of balanced diets for zoo animals. Prevention of disease depends upon an understanding of the disease, its origins and causes, and, if contagious, its pathways of spread. In 1901, this type of information was completely lacking. Information could come only through the thorough study of each Zoo animal that became ill and died, so the Lab began performing necropsies on every Zoo animal that died. The Lab's history of preventive medicine reflected foresight of the highest order, mainly on the part of Dr. Charles B. Penrose and Dr. Cortland Y. White, both professors at the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania who began studies of the diseases of captive wild animals. In 1901, tuberculosis (TB) was causing heavy losses in the primate collection. Tuberculin was known to be a diagnostic agent, but was not in use because it had caused many human deaths. In 1905, Dr. Herbert L. Fox and a team of Penrose scientists were responsible for basic studies that led to a successful tuberculin test for primates and, eventually, for humans. Based on the results of a study begun at the Zoo in 1901, successful maintenance of primates in captivity was found to be largely dependent on preventing infectious diseases and providing an adequate diet. In 1911, Zoo staff identified tuberculosis, an airborne infection, as a major cause of death among primates, and developed the 1st tuberculin test. To prevent the transmission of tuberculosis to the Zoo's primates, new arrivals were held in quarantine and tested for TB, and plate glass windows were used to completely cover all indoor exhibit cages to prevent the animals from contracting diseases from visitors. Fresh air drawn in from outside was filtered and heated before being circulated through the building. Tuberculosis was virtually eliminated from the Zoo's primates and life expectancy increased 60-fold between 1901 and 1931 . Of lasting importance is the 1st book published by the laboratory, Dr. Fox’s Diseases in Captive Wild Mammals and Birds which appeared in 1923 and was based on nearly 6,000 necropsies. It showed that captive wild animals were subject to arterial disease, cancer and other diseases thought at the time to be restricted to humans. It became the standard reference for the selection of experimental animals to be used to study disease. The Zoo’s scientific work flourished under Dr. Charles Penrose, who initiated and/or continued: necropsies, experiments determining the effects of fresh air and low temperatures on tropical and subtropical animals, tests for tuberculosis that were eventually used world-wide on animals and humans alike, and glass partitions between primates and the public to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis bacteria from humans to animals (first installed in 1930). Dr. Ellen P. Corsen-White was the 1st to recognize the problems of low protein and improper calcium-phosphorus ratios in primate diets: nearly 25% of all zoo deaths were attributable to poor food. Prior to her research, very little was known about dietary deficiencies. Many deaths History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 11/38 were directly due to malnutrition or to lowered resistance to infections. From 1918-1929, she worked to develop, and became the 1st to formulate, the original Philadelphia Zoo Cake, the 1st scientifically controlled mineral and vitamin-rich mixture for captive wild animals that would supply all the nutritive needs of any animal. Zoo Cake was so well thought out that the formula remained basically unchanged for over 50 years. There was some resistance to the new diet on the part of Zoo staff and “Zoo Cake” did not actually come into wide use until 1935. Dr. Herbert L. Ratcliffe, a pathologist, joined the Laboratory in 1929 and, until 1969, conducted research on the effects of improved diets on tuberculosis, tumors, cancers and internal lesions. Based on Dr. Corsen-White’s earlier pioneering studies, Dr. Ratcliffe introduced Zoo Cake to the Zoo animals in 1935 to combat a complex disease pattern caused by malnutrition. The many aged animals who were maintained on these new diets not only showed the success of the diets, but also provided valuable information for those concerned with nutrition. Records proved that the animals in the collection were less susceptible to disease: they lived longer, looked healthier, and reproduced more. Introduction of the new diet was credited for the many longevity records that the PZ achieved in later years. Long-term Zoo residents were setting world longevity records for the time: 29 years for a giraffe, 32 years for a white-handed gibbon, 33 years for an echidna, 25 years for a hippopotamus and 54 years for a gorilla. After its success at the PZ, similar diets were adopted at many other major zoos around the world. Flamingos are known for their beautiful pink coloration, but, prior to innovations in the diets of flamingos at the PZ, the color of flamingos in captivity commonly faded to nearly white plumage. With the addition of carrot juice to their diets beginning in 1948, the Zoo put flamingos back in the pink. Flamingos get carotenoids from crustaceans in the wild, so carrots were added to increase the carotenoids in their Zoo diet. Today synthetic canthaxanthin, instead of carrots, is added to commercially produced flamingo diets. During the 1950’s, the Zoo established an ongoing relationship with the University of PA Veterinary School in the operation of the Laboratory and in the study of housing, feeding and disease control. John J. Christian, a laboratory trainee, was especially interested in the population cycles of Arctic birds and mammals. His theory that high population densities cause social stresses was backed by studies in the laboratory and in the wild. The PZ has used this information to improve exhibits by relieving overcrowding and providing opportunities for innate behavior patterns. In 1958, the federal government provided funding to the Penrose Research Laboratory for a 5- year study of the Zoo’s necropsy records on spontaneous disease, nutrition, exercise and other factors helpful in understanding disease in humans. Between 1922 and 1955, the Laboratory performed necropsies on 4,100 mammals and 8,200 birds. Laboratory work during the 1970’s and 1980’s continued to be a major factor in the sound nutritional condition of the animal collection. Today the animal collection is nourished by the Mazuri line of foods, specially formulated commercially for zoos by Purina. This guarantees nutrient analysis, a closed formula, improved taste, professionally formulated mixtures and a longer shelf life. On February 26, 1975, the PZ became the 1st in America to contribute data to an international program known as the VRZA (Veterinary Records on Zoo Animals). The purpose of the VRZA program, headquartered at WHO (World Health Organization), Geneva, Switzerland, which had been functioning on a trial basis in Europe since 1971, was to increase the availability of data about zoo animals while encouraging scientific cooperation between zoological gardens. Today, History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 12/38 the Zoo uses an international database called MedARKS (Medical Animal Records Keeping System) to record veterinary data, and is a member of a record-keeping organization called Species360 with 825 member institutions in 76 countries on 6 continents around the world. Hepatitis viruses and liver cancer were linked by a 20-year study of woodchucks and prairie dogs. The study was important in the development of the 1st, and highly successful, human vaccine by Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, a scientist from The Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase, Philadelphia, a PZ Board Member between 1979-1984 and a 1976 Nobel Prize recipient in Physiology/Medicine for his pioneering work around the discovery of the Hepatitis B virus. It has been estimated that there are 375 million people in the world infected with this virus, which can lead in time to liver cancer. When staff at the Zoo had complained that the Zoo's woodchucks had a high rate of liver cancer, Blumberg and colleagues investigated and identified a virus similar to the Hepatitis B virus. Between 1981-1989, Dr. Robert L. Snyder continued work on the hepatitis virus and woodchuck hepatitis and, also, on diet and atherosclerosis. He collaborated on research with colleagues all over the world. For example, Dr. Snyder was invited by the Chinese Medical Association to set up a hepatitis research program in Qinghai province, where 40% of the population suffered from hepatitis. This hepatitis program concluded in 1990 with the retirement of Dr. Snyder. Dr. Wilbur Amand, the Zoo’s 1st full-time clinical veterinarian, was hired in 1974 by Dr. Snyder. In 1994, Dr. Amand, by then the Zoo’s retired VP for Animal Health, received the prestigious Emil P. Dolensek Award from the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians for his contributions to the conservation, care and understanding of captive and free-ranging wildlife. In 1996, the Zoo's science activities were included under the umbrella of the One With Nature conservation program, managed by the Conservation and Science Department. Today's research efforts are carried out by staff and researchers from the region and around the world. In 2003, the Zoo developed a new feeding program for the Zoo’s birds that integrated nutrition with efforts to provide behavioral enrichment and work to train the birds for various behaviors that help in their care - like stepping on a scale for a monthly weight. Each bird receives a base diet, an enrichment feed and a training feed. The amount of base diet offered is based on the nutritionist's calculations of how much energy that bird needs each day. Training feeds are offered as part of a training session and are fed directly to the specific bird involved in the session. Since starting the program, Zoo staff have seen increased bird activity and other positive behavioral changes. The birds are eating more of their base diets, meaning they are getting a healthy, well-balanced diet. CONSERVATION In conservation, the PZ and its Penrose Research Laboratory have made significant contributions in extending animal life spans and in breeding rare and endangered species. The Zoo has an impressive record for animal longevity. Most notable among the Zoo’s elderly animals was the gorilla Massa, who came to the Zoo in 1935 at the age of 5 and who died one day after his 54th birthday in 1984, thereby setting the longevity record as the world’s oldest captive gorilla. Other notables included Guas, a Sumatran orangutan, who died at 57 and his mate, Guarina, who died at 56, setting the world longevity records for non-human primates at the time. During the 1920s, the Zoo set longevity records for a number of animals that previously had never survived long in captivity: an echidna survived more than 20 years and Bobby, a white-handed gibbon, survived 31 years. One of the PZ’s Andean bears, Boo Boo, before his death at 31 years of age in 2009, was the oldest male Andean bear in any zoo. The Zoo has, in fact, achieved longevity records History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 13/38 for more than 75 reptile species and 30 amphibian species. The PZ achieved the world’s 1st captive breeding and successful rearing of orangutans. The Zoo holds the longevity record for orangutans in zoos–59 years. Other important rare and endangered species bred and raised at the Zoo include polar bears, black jaguars, mongoose lemurs, Siberian tigers, European bison, pygmy hippopotamuses, Hawaiian geese, Hawaiian ducks, golden conures, Palawan peacock pheasants, Laysan ducks, Cape Barren geese and Giant River Otters. The Zoo was (and is) a pioneer in the captive management of flamingos under the direction of Curator Emeritus John A. Griswold. Through innovative feeding techniques, the Zoo was the 1st to retain the beautiful pink and red pigmentation of these birds. Also, the PZ was the 1st to successfully breed Chilean and greater flamingos in captivity. 1930. The PZ achieved the 1st captive breeding and rearing of chimpanzees in America. 1956-1957: The PZ achieved the 1st captive breeding and successful rearing of cheetahs in America. 1983. As a result of predation by the brown tree snake, introduced to Guam in the 1940s, wild bird species endemic to Guam were being driven to extinction. On January 26, the Guam Bird Rescue Project was spearheaded by the PZ in an attempt to save the Micronesian kingfisher and the Guam rail, 2 endemic species still present in large enough numbers to benefit from intervention. The rescue plan called for the capture of all kingfishers and rails on Guam, and a captive management protocol was formulated. The captive breeding was carried out in zoos in the U.S. until reintroduction of the species on Guam became feasible. Before reintroductions could be successful, the brown tree snakes causing the extinctions had to be controlled. On July 1, 1985, the 1st recorded parent-reared Micronesian Kingfisher was bred in captivity at the PZ. In 1986, the Zoo received the AAZPA Bean Award (zoo world's Oscar) for the Guam Bird Rescue Project and the Zoo's outstanding efforts to preserve endangered bird species on Guam. 1983, 1985: The PZ achieved the births of echidnas, only the 4th and 5th births of echidnas in captivity, and the only ones in all of North America. 1992. The PZ helped to inaugurate and manage the New Jersey State Aquarium in Camden which opened in February. 1992. PZ adopted One With Nature as the official umbrella title for its growing conservation and education programs, demonstrating the Zoo’s commitment to safeguard the future of endangered species, protect the environment at home and abroad, act as a model for others in its daily operations and engage the public in conservation education and action. Projects included captive breeding, research, survival in the wild, habitat protection (Pennsylvania and Liberia), environmental education (Guatemala, Rodrigues and Liberia) and natural resource recycling and energy efficiency. The “Adopt Sapo” program in Liberia, the 1st in the region to focus on the protection of habitat as well as animals, supported plans to get the park fully operational once again and to re-establish community development programs that involved local villages as essential conservation program partners. Regionally and internationally, the One With Nature program led to the conservation of wildlife and wild places, gains in scientific knowledge supporting conservation efforts and also promoted public awareness and positive action. Conservation programs were conducted in more than 25 countries worldwide, and included as many as 30 projects each year. In support of this program, the PZ became eligible to receive 1% of the value of any register receipt tapes contributed through Genuardi’s Community Cash Back and Acme’s Register Tape programs. History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 14/38

1992. A captive-breeding program was initiated for the West Indian iguana, a close relative of the common green iguana. Prior to 1992, the only known West Indian iguanas exhibited in captivity in the world were located at the PZ. The Zoo received its 1st specimen on July 8, 1875, another on April 4, 1890, 2 more on September 25, 1891 and 2 on July 21, 1958. (See also AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES, 1875 and 1992.) 1994. The Zoo’s newly intensified focus on world conditions was highlighted at the 1994 international meeting of zoo directors where The World Zoo Conservation Strategy was unveiled which recognized not only the interdependence of the world’s zoos, but also their role in supporting conservation awareness and action. Mid-1990s. The Zoo initiated publication of the newsletter Science Explorer for a consortium comprising the Franklin Institute, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden, the Morris Arboretum and the Schuylkill Center for Environmental Education as well as the PZ. 1993. The Zoo and Conservation International launched Flagships and Hotspots Nature Tours with the goal of making ecotourism work for the benefit of endangered wildlife and wildlands, and for the human communities that still live within/nearby targeted areas. 1990s. The Zoo participated in the work of the Ecosystem Survival Plan (ESP), a consortium of zoos and aquariums dedicated to the conservation of threatened wildlife habitats through the Conservation Parking Meter (“Give change to make a change”). This ongoing project is also supported by the American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK) and The Nature Conservancy. Coins collected are turned over to the ESP’s Adopt-an-Acre program. 1990s. The Zoo worked closely with Zoo East, a consortium of the Philadelphia, Bronx and National Zoos, and also with the Duke University Primate Center on mongoose lemur reproduction. 1990s. The PZ, along with 16 other zoos, participated cooperatively in a long-term conservation program designed to save the endangered Matschie's tree kangaroo and its habitat on the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea. The PZ maintained a breeding pair of Matschie’s' tree kangaroos until 2008 and provided funding for field research since 1994. The Zoo also participated in research focusing on the incidence and effects of avian tuberculosis on captive tree kangaroos, a serious health problem affecting the management of this species. 1999. More and more emphasis on the scientific management of endangered species means greater cooperation with other zoos. In addition to working through the AZA’s Species360, the Zoo is also represented on committees for specific endangered animals. As of 1999, the Zoo had participated in 38 Species Survival Plans (cooperative breeding programs), 18 Taxon Advisory Groups (which set priorities for captive management based on the status of species in the wild) and 7 Conservation Action Partnerships (which coordinate the conservation efforts of zoos in a specific geographic region of the world). 2002. The PZ experienced 2 firsts: (1) on April 21, a tiny giant elephant shrew ( Rhynchocyon petersi), also called the black and rufous elephant shrew, was born, marking the 1st time any zoo had successfully hand-reared this endangered African species; and (2) on May 12, an American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) was born, marking the PZ’s 1st successful American crocodile hatching. This hatchling represented the Zoo’s continued research in the husbandry of the species. 2002. A plaque was presented to the Zoo by the Yong-In Farmland, a zoo and park in South History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 15/38

Korea, in appreciation of the PZ's donation of a female Amur tiger, a living symbol of PZ’s strong international friendship, to help South Korea with its breeding program to restore the tiger population that was once native to that peninsula. 2002. A Certificate for Leadership and Vision was presented to the PZ by the International Bushmeat Crisis Taskforce. 2002. The National Science Foundation awarded a 3-year, $300,000, grant to Dr. Andy Baker and his colleagues for continued research on the Brazilian golden lion tamarin. 2005. On March 2, the Zoo's docents launched "Return the Call of the Wild," a cell phone recycling program. An estimated 130 million cell phones are trashed every year in the U.S. "Return the Call of the Wild" urged cell phone users and companies to help protect the environment by recycling used cell phones. The dollars the Zoo receives on all recycled cell phones go to the Endangered Primate Rescue Center, an organization conserving endangered primates in Vietnam, including the douc langur. 2006. The PZ supported 26 wildlife conservation projects in 23 countries around the world, protecting animals that ranged from tiny turtles to African elephants. 2006. The PZ celebrated the 1st birth ever in the U.S. of the endangered giant jumping rat (Hypogeomys antimena ) which is native to Madagascar. 2006. PZ made a 5-year, $100,000 commitment to the Elephant Conservation Unit (ECU) in Sabah, Borneo, a project of the conservation organization Hutan. Bornean elephants, recently confirmed as a unique subspecies, are among the world’s most endangered elephants, with 2006 estimates of 1,500 remaining. The Zoo-supported ECU was also part of a 3-year collaborative project with the Sabah Wildlife Department, the University of Malaysia and Cardiff University to document the ecology and genetics of pygmy elephants. PZ also embarked on a partnership with Hutan and the Sabah Wildlife Department to reforest portions of the Lower Kinabatangan region by funding tree planting through the PZ Footprints carbon offset program. 2007. 3 female Amur tiger cubs (Changbai, Koosaka, and Terney) were born in May to mother Kira and father Dmitri. This litter was the 1st for Dmitri. 2008. The PZ embarked on a mission to save endangered frogs in their native homes (Caribbean, Peru and Ecuador). Breeding programs were also established at the PZ. 2008. As a leader in conservation and sustainability, in May, the PZ launched “Footprints”, a set of sustainability initiatives to help stop global warming, to benefit wildlife locally and worldwide, and to ensure a healthy future for the planet. This PZ initiative is geared to the Zoo becoming “carbon neutral” by 2018. The Sustainability Programs Manager leads the PZ’s efforts on energy efficiency and reduction of the Zoo’s own “carbon footprint” as well as directs programs to help visitors and others reduce their impact as well. 2 projects address carbon offsets: (1) In Borneo, the PZ and its conservation partner, Hutan, began the initial phase of the “Kinabatangan Forest Restoration Project” to sequester close to 2,000 tons of carbon dioxide while providing critical habitat for Bornean indigenous species. The project also provides a valuable source of income for local community members in exchange for tree-lending services. The long-term viability of wildlife such as orangutans and elephants will be secured in the LKWS only if a corridor of forests allowing for proper animal movements is restored along the 2 banks of the river. The largest of the Footprints carbon offset projects, the “Kinabatangan Restoration Project (KRP),” is located within the boundaries of the LKWS and has been developed together with Hutan to address this issue This habitat restoration project is one of History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 16/38 several ways the PZ supports the Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Project (KOCP) which focuses on orang-utan conservation. PZ is also a lead financial supporter of the Elephant Conservation Unit (ECU) which teaches “elephant friendly” crop protection, actively defends protected areas from illegal practices and studies genetic diversity and movements of the Borneo elephant population. (2) “Greenland Woods” encompasses several sites in Fairmount Park, near to the site of the Zoo’s Migrant Stopover Ecology Study bird-banding project, and calls for 875 trees to be planted to reforest 3.5 acres. Planting trees in these areas will fill gaps currently fragmenting the habitat and will create significant plots of unbroken forest to benefit local resident and migratory species. In order to grow back, these patches of over-degraded forest need an active restoration process through dynamic tree planting and management of invasives. The PZ is working in partnership with Fairmount Park to develop a locally-based carbon offset project within the Park. Planting Footprints trees in key sections of the Park will significantly increase the density of currently thinning forests that would not have otherwise regenerated. These same trees will sequester carbon dioxide as well as increase wildlife habitat, support biodiversity and, due to their close proximity to an urban area, assist with storm water management and help to reduce the urban heat island effect. In addition to ecological and environmental benefits, a 2-year plan and a 5-year plan will incorporate programs through which volunteers can participate in tree plantings. Also “green job” internships will be created in association with project monitoring and management to provide experience in urban forestry, carbon management and wildlife 2010. The Zoo’s 2010 seasonal attraction from April-October presented a one-of-a kind animal experience through Creatures of Habitat LEGO sculptures created exclusively for the PZ by Sean Kenney, the first LEGO Certified Professional in the world (2005), who created 10 exhibits to raise awareness of vanishing habitats of species from around the world. 2010. Establishment of the Global Conservation Prize, the 1st of its kind in the world. As the capstone to PZ’s 150 th anniversary celebrations, this prize, PZ’s gift to the planet on its birthday, was developed to recognize and support a conservationist making a real difference in saving an endangered species. The prize winner, Denise Rambaldi, is a Brazilian conservationist and the Executive Director of the Golden Lion Tamarin Association. The Zoo’s prize funds Ms. Rambaldi’s salary, allowing her to focus on key issues to secure the tamarin’s future. 2010. The Zoo’s direct action in the wild to save species at risk supported more than 25 conservation projects both locally and around the world with a number of full-time Zoo staff participating in field projects and research, such as the “amphibian ark” in Ecuador to save Andean frogs from extinction, polar bears, jaguars, snow leopards, reforestation efforts in Borneo for orangutans and pygmy elephants, and partnership to undertake the Ongava Lion Research Project in Namibia to help protect and save the Namibia lions. PZ will participate with field research, the goals of which include determining the ages of Ongava’s lions as well as discovering and documenting where they live in the reserve in relation to people and to each other. This information helps Namibian wildlife officials as they try to conserve lions in the wild. 2010. An Amphibian Ark: PZ’s Haitian Frog Reserve Project. A group of Haitian marsh frogs arrived on July 31, members of a critically endangered species, found in 1 tiny area on the far western tip of Haiti’s Tiburon Peninsula. In 2007 the PZ, making a commitment to saving amphibians, had hired its first Amphibian Conservation Biologist, Dr. Carlos Martinez Rivera who joined Dr. S. Blair Hedges of Penn State University, one of the world’s foremost experts on Caribbean amphibians, on October 2010, to rescue 4 additional species. PZ plans to create successful breeding programs so that it can reintroduce zoo-bred frogs to the wild should that History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 17/38 become necessary. Dr. Martinez Rivera, also working in Ecuador, another critical country regarding amphibian conservation, monitors and rescues endangered frog species, including the black harlequin toad, the green harlequin toad and the San Lucas marsupial frog. The Zoo also has a Frog Watch program to monitor local frog populations in which members can participate.

2010. Community Conservation grant program. Building on the success of this initiative during its Sesquicentennial birthday celebration, PZ awarded an additional 15 grants to local organizations focused on sustainability, greening, environmental awareness, conservation education, wildlife preservation and/or habitat restoration. The Zoo’s First Global Conservation Gala was held on November 14 to fund long-term support of a Brazilian NGO spearheading conservation efforts for the golden lion tamarins and strengthening their precarious recovery from near extinction.

2011. The Zoo’s commitment to reducing its footprint through conserving energy, water and other resources, resulted in the creation of an innovative man-made wetland around Bird Lake to maintain good water quality while reducing the need for water use. The system, like a natural wetland filtering water through beds of wetland plants, allows the recirculation of water in the Lake rather than continuously adding new water. Overall the Zoo has a comprehensive water conservation strategy that includes installing water re-circulation systems in new water features, implementing a leak detection and repair program and making planting choices that reduce the need for supplemental watering. Waterless urinals will soon be installed. The Zoo’s Second Global Conservation Gala ushered in the 2013 Year of the Orangutan, a multi-faceted campaign to inspire others to make everyday choice to create a better future for orangutans while also directly supporting critical work with orangutans in Sumatra. See Other Awards.

2012. To celebrate the 2012 Year of the Orangutan, the PZ launched 2 major initiatives: (1) the Philadelphia Zoo Global Conservation Prize provides $100,000 and 5 years of financial support to the Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Program to protect orangutans and other wildlife; (2) the Unless Contest challenged students from kindergarten through graduate school to imagine, create and participate in the Zoo’s critical conservations efforts to save animals and their habitats from extinction, including, but not limited to, artwork, multi-media, social media and technology-based concepts. Classes that participated in the Zoo’s Unless Contest were eligible for a free orangutan-focused field trip and could complete for monetary prizes ranging from $250 to $10,000.

2013. The theme for the 2nd annual UNLESS Contest was Saving Energy to Save Wildlife. Ushered in by the Zoo’s Third Global Conservation Gala in November 2012, the Zoo focused on the impact of the next generation of conservation stewards by announcing a $1 million dollar scholarship program in partnership with 10 local colleges and universities to make it possible for high-performing students from economically challenged areas participating in the Zoo Champions for Restoring Endangered Wildlife (ZooCREW) program to attend college and pursue careers in the sciences and conservation, extending their impact on wildlife to a lifetime.

2014: Ushered in by the Zoo’s Fourth Global Conservation Gala in November of 2013, Dr. Marcella J. Kelly, PhD, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, big cat camera trap research pioneer, received $20,000 for each of 5 years + $5,000 was provided each year for Zoo CREW students to join Dr. Kelly. The 2014 Year of the Big Cat and the palm oil campaign saw the opening of Big Cat Crossing, the newest addition to the Zoo360 trail project, signaling the History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 18/38

Zoo’s cross-disciplinary resources to big cat conservation. The theme for the 2014 Albert M. Greenfield UNLESS Contest, Take Action for Tigers, will harness the power children have to drive consumer choices to influence companies to take action around their practices for sourcing palm oil.

2015: Ushered in by the Zoo’s Fifth Global Conservation Gala in November of 2014, the Year of the Gorilla focuses on (1) protecting gorillas and other great apes by asking companies to use 100% sustainable, deforestation-free, responsible palm oil, and (2) reducing and recycling paper. PZ opened Second Nature – Junk Rethunk on April 11, 2015 to bring recycling to the forefront: why we all need to reduce and recycle to save energy and save wildlife and wild places. Also, in the spring of 2015, the Zoo partnered with PECO in Saving Energy to Save Wildlife in which PZ can document the connection between onsite energy-saving messaging and visitors’ at-home energy-saving behavior.

2016: Conservation Impact Award: Jay H. Calvert, Jr. Trail Blazer Award: Dick and Marilyn Faris. 2 grants: (1) Barbara Brodsky Signage Initiative enabled the Zoo to create and install new signage in formats to serve a wide range of children and adults with special needs; (2) Barbara Brodsky Pathway to Entrance Endowment established a permanent source of funding to enable children and adults with physical, emotional or developmental special needs the ability to visit and enjoy the Zoo. MAMMALS 1874. On June 8, the Zoo welcomed its 1st African elephant, Jennie. 1874. In December, the Zoo welcomed its 1st pair of lions. 1875. On March 13, a 36-year-old male Indian rhinoceros named Pete was purchased from Barnum’s Circus, long before successful zoo-breeding programs. He lived at the Zoo for another 25 years until his death on January 3, 1901. He was the 1st Indian rhinoceros to be exhibited in an American zoo. The Zoo has exhibited rhinoceroses almost continuously since his arrival.

1875. The very 1st white-bellied spider monkey arrived on April 22 . 1876. On December 6, the Zoo received a pair of polar bears, the 1st in any U.S. zoo. 1879. With the purchase of a male on August 20, the Zoo exhibited the 1st Celebes macaque in the U.S. The Zoo also received its 1st orangutan. 1883. The Zoo received its 1st prehensile-tailed porcupine. 1883: An elephant seal arrived. 1888. On December 25, the Zoo was the recipient of the largest gift it ever received: a 6-ton male Asian elephant (“Bolivar”), 10’ tall at the shoulder, presented by Adam Forepaugh, a major circus owner. Originally from Sri Lanka, Bolivar had been with the Forepaugh Circus for several years, but proved too difficult to handle, reputedly having killed 2 men before coming to the Zoo. He lived peacefully at the Zoo until his death in 1908 at the estimated age of 58, and is believed to have been the 1st adult bull elephant exhibited in a U.S. zoo. 1898. With the arrival of an agile gibbon, the Philadelphia Zoo became the 1st zoo in North America to exhibit gibbons. 1899. With the purchase of a female on June 8, the Zoo imported the 1st lion-tailed macaques into North America. Today, as a conservation priority, there are over 500 lion-tailed macaques History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 19/38 in captivity, nearly all of them captive-born. 1906. The PZ became the 1st zoo in America to exhibit red pandas. 1906. Bobby, a white-handed gibbon, lived at the Zoo from his arrival in 1906 until his death on February 13, 1938. Preceding modern knowledge about nutrition and veterinary medicine and at a time when gibbons survived only 1-4 years in captivity, Bobby set an impressive longevity record: 32+ years. Bobby's long, healthy life is attributed to careful attention to diet, plenty of sunshine and fresh air, and the glassed-in cage at the Zoo that protected him from infectious disease. With improvements in husbandry at zoos, thanks in part to the pioneering research in nutrition and disease conducted at the PZ, Bobby's longevity record has since been surpassed. Bobby was just the 3rd gibbon to arrive at the Zoo. 1925. With the arrival of a female on September 26, the Zoo exhibited the 1st giant river otter in the U.S. Difficult to maintain in captivity due to their large appetites and basic habitat requirements, the next recorded giant otter didn't arrive in the U.S. until 1952. (See also 1996.) 1927. Found by a sea captain in West Africa, Bamboo, the gorilla, arrived at the PZ as an infant weighing only 11 lbs. Because of the difficulties of keeping gorillas in captivity, he was the only gorilla in a U.S. zoo at the time of his arrival on August 5 and exceeded expectations by setting a longevity record when he died in 1961. (That record would hold until being surpassed by Massa, another PZ great gorilla.) Bamboo's longevity and health were attributed to a carefully balanced diet and the presence of his early years playmate, a chimp named Lizzie. Weighing more than 435 lbs., Bamboo loved rock'n'roll music and was voted "the boy we would most like to have with us on a combat patrol" by 28 members of the Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon of the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team during the Korean War. 1928. Lucky’s birth on September 25 made the PZ the 1st zoo in the U.S. to breed orangutans. Chief Utan was the father and Maggie was a remarkable and proud mother holding up Lucky for her keepers to see and making her bed at the front of the cage where the crowds could admire her baby. At just 3 months old, Lucky cut his 1st teeth and was being overseen by his mother as he began to walk and climb. 1928. Zoo staff found themselves in an entirely new field with the 1st successful birth of a chimpanzee in a U.S. zoo on October 1. Neglected by his mother, Julius may have been the 1st chimp to be reared on a bottle. He was fed an experimental formula and given a teething ring, rattle and rag doll. 1931. Guas, a Sumatran orangutan, holds the longevity record for his species. Guas was purchased by the Zoo from Madame Rosalie Abreu of Havana, Cuba in 1931. During his 45 years at the Zoo, Guas had 8 children with his mate Guarina, and they became grandparents in 1970. Guas was 59 years old when he died on February 9, 1977. Guarina had died just 1 year earlier, on January 16, 1976. 1931. On March 12, 32 months into his planned 6-year farewell tour, Leo, the MGM lion, rested at the Zoo while his motorized caravan was reconditioned for the trip to Europe. However, Leo retired and spent his remaining years at the Zoo until his death on February 26, 1935. Leo had been captured in the Nubian Desert at 1 year of age, and was nicknamed "Lucky Leo" after surviving 2 train wrecks, a flood, fire, earthquake, studio explosion and airplane crackup. During his 15-year-long movie career, Leo appeared on the screen more than any other creature, and traveled more extensively than any known animal - by ship, plane, train and truck. 1933. In October, a 6,000-lb., 17’-long southern sea elephant, arrived for a short stay through the History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 20/38 winter until April of 1934. 1935. Massa was born about 1930 in a remote jungle of western Africa, his mother reportedly slain while raiding village crops. He was raised by Africans until he was sold to Captain Phillips, skipper of a NY-Africa freighter, who brought Massa to his friend and animal lover, Gertrude Lintz in Brooklyn. Suffering from pneumonia that developed during the long journey, Massa was nursed back to health by Mrs. Lintz. When he became too big to handle, Mrs. Lintz sold him to the PZ on December 30, 1935 as a companion for Bamboo, the PZ's 9-year-old gorilla. In honor of Massa’s 50th birthday, a bronze sculpture of him by Eric Berg was donated to the Zoo by Mr. and Mrs. C. Stuart Brown on December 30, 1980. (See also 1984) 1938. 3 red pandas, born at the Zoo on July 2, were the 1st born in the U.S. After these 1st 3, births of red pandas at the Zoo were rare - with 1 birth on July 1, 1966, and 2 on June 27, 1985 - until the 1990s. From 1993-1997, there were 9 births of this most endangered species (CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) I). Improvements in husbandry and reproduction resulted in a subsequent increase in the captive population of red pandas. 1944. Nonesuch and Sitting Pretty proved nothing is impossible on March 30 by becoming the 1st set of twin kangaroos ever recorded. Named “Nonesuch” because there's “no such” thing as twin kangaroos, Nonesuch was discovered, deserted, on the cage floor by a keeper. When the keeper tried to put him back in his mother's pouch, he discovered another baby inside, Sitting Pretty. With 2 joeys about the same size, the mother evidently decided there was only room in her pouch for 1. Sitting Pretty remained in the pouch while Nonesuch was raised by Zoo staff. 1953. With a life expectancy of less than 2 years in captivity, Prickly Pete, the echidna, shattered all longevity records for her species by living at the Zoo for almost 50 years. Tucked securely in an earth-filled box during the day, Prickly Pete was rarely seen by visitors. Described as looking like an animated pin cushion, Prickly Pete enjoyed a diet of 1 raw egg and 1/2 pint of milk a day. The necropsy showed, however, that “Patricia” would have been a better name, for Prickly Pete turned out to be a lady. 1956. Though a very popular animal in captivity since the days of the Egyptian Pharaohs, there is no record of cheetahs breeding in a zoo prior to 1956. On March 24, a cheetah at the Zoo gave birth to 3 cubs, an international 1st of cheetahs being born in captivity. Though the cubs survived only a few days, the 1st step had been taken toward successfully breeding cheetahs in captivity. With a special carnivore diet developed by the PZ’s Penrose Research Laboratory, nutrition is believed to have been the key factor leading to this 1st birth of a litter of cheetah cubs. 1969-70. A number of gorillas had been kept in the Zoo since the 1st individual arrived in 1927, but, in 1969-70, a serious effort to establish a breeding group was begun with the arrival of 6 wild-caught youngsters, 3 males and 3 females. Reared together in the Rare Mammal House, their daily regimen included carefully prepared diets and supervised outdoor play periods that helped them develop the physical and social skills needed in adult life. By 1978, only 1 of the 3 males remained in the group: John. Then 11 years old, he had failed to produce any offspring and was suspected of being infertile until the birth of Jessica on Oct. 1, 1980 to 13-year-old Samantha; this was the PZ’s 1st successful gorilla birth. Although it was her 1st birth, Samantha cared for the infant Jessica from the beginning and was an exemplary mother. Jessica became a big sister on July 22, 1984 with the arrival of brother, Chaka. 1980. The Zoo acquired its male Andean bear, Boo Boo, born at Chicago’s Lincoln Park Zoo in 1978. At the age of 31 years in 2009, Boo Boo was the oldest male Andean bear in any zoo before his death that year. A companion, Rosalita (Rosie), joined Boo Boo in 2001, born on History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 21/38

January 9, 1989 at the Calgary Zoo. 1981. The Zoo’s 2 female polar bears arrived in October, just short of their 1st year of age. Klondike was born on November 23, 1980 at the Bronx Zoo, New York, NY and Coldilocks on December 13, 1980 at the Seneca Park Zoo, Rochester, NY . 1983. The successful breeding, and then birth on April 10, of an echidna at the Zoo was the 1st in North America and only the 4th in the world to occur in captivity. The echidna puggle was nicknamed E.T. because of its hairless, wrinkled and somewhat unearthly looking appearance. When discovered, E.T. was only 4” long and weighed just 5 oz. Neglected by its mother, E.T. was raised on a milk formula devised by Zoo staff. The PZ continued its breeding success with echidnas by welcoming 3 more puggles, the latest new short-beaked echidna baby in March 2008. With this 4 th successful puggle, the PZ be became the international leader in the care and breeding of echidnas. 1984. On December 31, Massa, the world’s oldest captive gorilla at the time, died of a stroke shortly after celebrating his 54 th birthday. (See also 1935). 1985. Xaviera, a female great Asian rhinoceros at the Zoo since 1979, gave birth to the Zoo's 1st baby rhinoceros on November 3, and had produced a total of 5 offspring while at the Zoo. 1989. On May 18, the PZ received a colony of naked mole-rats from South Africa. The PZ replicated their subterranean habitat with a system of Plexiglas tunnels, burrows and food storage areas so visitors could view them in their "natural" environment. Less than a year later, on January 29, 1990, the “queen” of 1 of the PZ mole-rat colonies produced a litter of pups, the 1st successful breeding of naked mole-rats in any zoo. Concerned that visitors to the Zoo might disturb the colony of mole-rats on exhibit, the Zoo introduced them to rock music in 1992 so these unique rodents would get used to noise and vibration. 1993. The Zoo received 2 female lions, Jezebel and Vinkel, from the Johannesburg Zoo. Born in 1991, the 2 lions were completely normal except for their much lighter (white) coats. All white lions in captivity are believed to be descended from the white lions of the Timbavati Game Preserve in South Africa. The 1st white lions born in the U.S., Tandi and Kanya, were born at the PZ in 1994, and the white lion Kolwa in 1995. 1994. On March 15, the PZ welcomed the 1st bicolored (or pied) tamarins born in a U.S. zoo. Over the next 15 years, there were 28 more successful births at the Zoo, with many of the offspring being sent to other zoos to establish additional breeding groups. Because bicolored tamarins are endemic to Brazil and are possibly the most endangered of the Amazonian primates (threatened by extinction), all bicolored tamarins in captivity are under the ownership of the Brazilian government. The PZ leads the U.S. zoo breeding program and supports conservation efforts in the wild. 1996. With the arrival of two giant river otter brothers at the Zoo on April 29th, the PZ was the first in the U.S. to exhibit this endangered species in nearly 30 years, and one of only two zoos in North America to exhibit this endangered species. The Zoo now has a very successful breeding program and a family group. Once widely distributed throughout South America, the giant river otter is now endangered due to hunting and aquatic habitat destruction. (See also1925). 1997. On April 8, the 1st blue-eyed lemurs exhibited in a U.S. zoo arrived at the PZ. Redford and Bardot, named after the blue-eyed movie stars, were placed on a long-term breeding loan by the Duke University Primate Center in a supportive gesture to help rebuild the Zoo's primate collection after the 1995 fire that destroyed the World of Primates. The rare blue-eyed lemurs History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 22/38 were identified as a unique type of lemur only in the 1980s. 1999. Sombra, a Colombian black spider monkey, born February 21, 1984 at the Sequoia Park Zoo in Eureka, California, arrived at the Zoo on April 14 with Chanza and Araña, who were both born at the Sedgwick County Zoo in Wichita, Kansas. These 3 were the 1st Colombian black spider monkeys ever exhibited at the PZ. 1999. On April 23, Chaka made his return to the PZ for the July 1 opening of PECO Primate Reserve. Chaka was one of 33 primates brought in to rebuild the Zoo’s collection after the tragic loss of 23 primates in the smoky fire that destroyed the World of Primates in 1995. Born at the Zoo on July 22, 1984 to John and Samantha, Chaka was sent to the Columbus Zoo in 1993 and later to the Cincinnati Zoo in 1994 to join new gorilla troops. At the Cincinnati Zoo, he became the silverback of the troop and sired several offspring 1999. Tua, a female Sumatran orangutan, arrived at the PZ, from the Atlanta Zoo where she was born in 1992. 2001. The PZ is 1 of only a few zoos in the U.S. to exhibit giant elephant shrews and became the 2nd zoo ever to breed any species in this genus. In 2002 the PZ became the 1st zoo in the world to successfully breed and hand-rear giant elephant shrews. With very little known about giant elephant shrews in the wild or in captivity, the staff at the Zoo was taught a great deal by the baby shrew, Habari (meaning “something new” in Swahili), which they hand-reared. The baby shrew fed only once or twice a day and consumed everything she needed for the day in only 60 seconds. This was a big change for the staff who were used to feeding newborns every 2 hours. Habari also taught Zoo staff that giant elephant shrew babies feed lying on their backs. Habari's development was very fast. At 6 weeks she was fully weaned. On January 21, 2004, Habari gave birth to the 1st surviving 2nd-generation giant elephant shrew in a U.S. zoo. Born to Habari and a male born at the Cincinnati Zoo, the offspring was parent-reared, showing that a hand-reared giant elephant shrew could successfully rear her own young. On April 23, 2004, Habari gave birth to the 1st surviving giant elephant shrew twins in any zoo. 2004-2010 The PZ continues to be 1 of only 2 zoos in North America to exhibit highly endangered giant river otters, and, as of 2010, it was the only North American Zoo with successful births. On March 30, 2004, a male (Primero, “First”) was the 1st successful birth of a giant river otter in a North American zoo (father Banjo and mother Nina). More litters ensued: (1) 2005, March 12: a litter of 3: 2 males (Dante, “Enduring” and Magnus, “Great”) and 1 female: (Kara, “Dear”); (2) 2006 November 26: Rijo and Sonho's litter; (3) 2007: 3 additional new pups; (4) 2008, August 18: a litter of 4 ; (5) 2009: a litter of 4: 2 females, 2 males; (6) 2010: a litter of 3: 2 females, 1 male. As of 2010, the giant otter family at the PZ consisted of 11 otters in residence. 2006. Sugi (short for Sugriwa), a male Sumatran orangutan, arrived at the PZ from the St. Louis Zoo, where he was born in 1995. 2006: On July 27, the PZ was the 1st U.S. zoo to breed the endangered Malagasy giant jumping rat, the largest rodent on the island of Madagascar. After the birth of Lestat in 2006, his parents, Vlad and Mena, had 2 babies in 2007 and 2 more in 2008. In the fall of 2008, the PZ successfully hand-reared this species, a world 1st. 2007. The PZ began to close its elephant exhibit, moving its Asian elephant (Dulary) to the Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald, Tennessee on May 1 (See also 2009). 2007. On May 24, the 1-year anniversary of the opening of Bank of America Big Cat Falls, the History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 23/38

PZ celebrated the births, from rare bloodlines, of 3 female cubs (Koosaka, Changbai and Terney) of the endangered Amur tiger species. This was the 4th litter for its female, Kira and the 1st litter for the male, Dmitri. 2008. On February 8, the PZ welcomed its 1st new baby Coquerel’s sifaka, Loka. Coquerel's sifaka are an endangered type of lemur found only in a small area of NW Madagascar. The PZ is 1 of only 7 zoos in North America exhibiting this primate, familiar to many as the TV character Zoboomafoo (with the Kratt Brothers). February is the month for birthdays in the Coquerel's sifaka family at the Zoo: in 2009, Dad Zeno celebrated his 9th birthday on February 2; Mom Eudoxia celebrated her 9th birthday on February 11; a new baby, Ozo, was born on February 14. 2008. The PZ sadly mourned the age-related deaths of 3 long-time and much beloved residents: 2 giraffes (Puzzles at age 29 and Twigga at age 27) and 1 African elephant (Petal at age 52). 2008. Mallory, the Zoo's female prehensile-tailed porcupine, arrived on June 19 from the Buffalo Zoo. In August, Mallory was introduced to Felix, a 4-year-old male who came from the Riverside Zoo in Nebraska. Their union resulted in an offspring born on November 1, 2009. 2008. 2 male addax arrived from the Buffalo Zoo in June, the 2nd time addax have been exhibited at the Zoo; the 1st time was in 1955, when a female arrived from the Bronx Zoo and spent almost 20 years at the PZ. This beautiful African antelope is near extinction in the wild. The PZ is partnering with other zoos and organizations to support conservation efforts in 1 of the last addax strongholds, the country of Niger. 2009. On July 8 th, PZ’s 2 African elephants (Bette and Kallie) moved to the Pittsburgh Zoo International Conservation Center in Fairhope, Somerset Co., PA. Both elephants have a breeding recommendation with Jackson, Pittsburgh’s resident bull. (See also 2007.) 2009. On October 2, the PZ witnessed the birth of another baby orangutan, Batu, the 1st offspring of mother Tua and father Sugriwa and the 1st orangutan birth in PECO. 2010. PZ’s 2 female Amur tiger cubs, Koosaka and Terney, at the age of 3 years, were transferred to Zoo Montana in July. 2010. On July 14 th, PZ witnessed the birth of its 1st baby aye-aye, Smeagol, to father Tolkien and mother Medusa and the 1st aye-aye birth in PECO. 2010. On July 17, the PZ giraffes, Stella and Gus, gave birth to their 1st offspring, a girl named Abigail.

2011. Twin snow leopard cubs were born on June 9, the 1st litter for 3-year-old Maya and 5- year-old Amga, and the 1st litter of snow leopards ever born at the PZ. A 2nd litter of 2 was born to the same parents on May 26, 2013. A baby jaguar, the 1st PZ jaguar birth since the 1980s, was born on June 3 to 10-year-old Kanga and 1st-time 7-year-old father, Jutai. A giant otter pup was born on May 13. A newborn baby jumping rat was born, the 1st surviving offspring for the only hand-reared jumping rat in the world, Monti, who has done an excellent job of rearing her young.

2012-2014: Two white-handed gibbons were born to Phoenice and Mercury, one male, Leo, in 2012 and another male, Orion, in 2014. History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 24/38

2013: The Zoo welcomed 4 new baby black-and-white colobus monkeys, the first such births in many years: 2 females, Moha and Tatu, and 2 males, Mbili and Nne. PZ also welcomed 2 new snow leopard cubs, the second litter for parents Maya and Amga.

2014: The Zoo welcomed the births of 4 lion cubs to young parents, father Makini and mother Tajiri, the first such lion births at the zoo in eighteen years. PZ also welcomed its first-ever black-footed cat kittens, the smallest of the African cats.

2016. The Zoo welcomed 4 black-and-white lemur quadruplets (3M, 1F: Quincy, Teddy, Lincoln and Maddi) on Feb. 21 born to 9-year-old mother Kiaka and 1-year-old father Huey. The Zoo welcomed 1 male gibbon (Aries) born to 27-year-old mother Phoenice and 26-year-old father Mercury.

BIRDS

1937. The oldest Great Indian hornbill ever in captivity, "Mary" died on October 18 of stomach cancer after 33 years and 5 months at the Zoo. At the time of her death, Mary had lived 14 years longer than any other hornbill in captivity. 1950. The 1st captive breeding of coscoroba swans in the U.S. occurred at the Zoo on June 8 with the hatching of 1 male and 1 female. Over the next 24 years, 47 of the South American swans hatched at the Zoo. Rare in captivity, the hatchlings were quickly snatched up by other zoos across the country and throughout the world. 1957. In an attempt to provide a more protected and private breeding ground for flamingos, the Zoo constructed a small nesting island in the middle of their wading pool. On August 24, after a 28-day incubation, the 1st Chilean flamingo successfully hatched in captivity made its appearance at the Zoo. A few years later, on June 15, 1961, the Zoo set a 2nd record with the 1st successful captive hatching of a Greater flamingo. The Zoo's success with flamingos is demonstrated further still by the longevity record held by a male Greater flamingo that lived at the Zoo for 44 years and 53 days. 1965. Though commonly kept by American zoos, prior to 1965 trumpeter swans had never nested in captivity in the U.S. Trumpeter swans at the Zoo shattered tradition in the spring of 1965 by building a nest, laying 7 eggs, and hatching 5 grayish-white cygnets, or baby swans, on June 26. Between 1965 and 1991, a total of 32 trumpeter swans hatched at the Zoo. 1977. The PZ was the 3rd zoo in the world to successfully breed the Renauld's ground cuckoo. The young were distributed to other zoos in the hopes of establishing a captive population. 1978. 3 young lilac-breasted rollers, reared at the Zoo, represented the 2nd successful captive breeding of these birds in the U.S. A pair obtained by the Zoo in 1977 thrived and laid their 1st clutch of 3 eggs on May 31. The 1st lilac-breasted roller hatched in captivity in the U.S. was at the Denver Zoo: a single young had fledged 2 weeks prior to those at the PZ. 1981. In May, the PZ bred the 1st emerald starlings in America. This successful captive breeding, only the 2nd ever in the world and the 1st in the Western Hemisphere, resulted in 2 nestlings that were raised by their parents. Much of the emerald starlings' breeding success was attributed to their environment: the lush and humid atmosphere of the PZ's Jungle Bird Walk. The Zoo was awarded the Silver Avi Award from the American Federation of Aviculture in 1981 for breeding the emerald starling. History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 25/38

1983. On January 17, 2 Andean condors from the PZ were flown to the LA Zoo on a mission to rescue the world's last wild colony of 20-30 California condors from extinction. This mission symbolized the heightened cooperation among U.S. zoos to save endangered species through captive propagation programs. As part of the California Condor Recovery Plan to build a temporary captive breeding colony of condors, the PZ's only condor couple was to serve as a breeding prototype for the world's only mature captive California condors. It was hoped that our Andean condors would lay eggs and hatch chicks at the LA Zoo, to give the LA keepers experience with condors before they began working with the precious California condors. The PZ condors did not lay any eggs while at the Los Angeles Zoo, but the California condor program was, nevertheless, very successful. Birds hatched in breeding facilities were released in California and Arizona, and began to lay eggs and rear chicks themselves. Now back at the PZ again, our Andean condors, 52 years old in 2009, are the oldest birds at the Zoo. 1985. Between 1980 and 1996, 53 hermit ibises hatched at the PZ. The most recent hatching was Gurk, born on February 6, 2008. Operation Hermit Ibis was a conservation story about how the Zoo helped shore up the birds' chances of survival through the PZ participation in an international captive breeding program with the Bronx Zoo and institutions in Europe. The captive populations in the U.S. were used to breed ibises to be sent to other zoos and to gather information on the general biology, husbandry and management of the ibis. Captive populations in Europe were bred with the hope of reintroducing the offspring to the wild where only 2 primary wild populations of hermit ibises remained, 1 in Morocco and 1 in Turkey 2004. Starting in 1984, Micronesian kingfishers were brought to U.S. zoos to establish a captive breeding program. An enormous success for the project occurred in November when the PZ Animal Collections Manager and Micronesian Kingfisher Species Survival Plan Coordinator, Beth Bahner, led a team to return these rare birds to an aviary on the island for the 1st time since they had become extinct there. 2004-2005. Both of the Zoo's keas, Maui (December 23, 2005) and Sorrento (December 28, 2004) were hatched at the San Diego Zoo. Like many youngsters, Maui and Sorrento had a toy truck they like to pull apart. 2005. The PZ welcomed 2 Victoria Crowned Pigeon hatchlings, the 1st hatchlings at the Zoo in over 10 years. 2007. A motmot arrived on November 14 th. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 1874. In 1874, the PZ was the 1st facility in the U.S. to acquire reptiles. 1875. On July 7, the PZ exhibited the 1st common boas (6) in the U.S. 1875. On July 8, the PZ received its 1st West Indian iguana specimen which was the 1st West Indian iguana exhibited in the world. Another was received on April 4, 1890. 2 more arrived on September 25, 1891 and an additional 2 arrived on July 21, 1958. (See also 1992 and CONSERVATION.) 1894. The Zoo received its 1st green anaconda on April 21. 1928. On May 25, a giant Aldabra tortoise joined 3 Galapagos tortoises acquired earlier in the year. 1932. Mommy, a female Galápagos tortoise, arrived at the Zoo on April 23. As of 2009, she had been at the Zoo longer than any other animal and was the Zoo’s oldest resident. When she History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 26/38 arrived at the Zoo, Mommy weighed just 40 lbs. In 2009, she weighed around 300 lbs. Mommy is a mommy - 5 eggs she laid at the Zoo hatched. 1945. The Zoo received a ball python that lived at the Zoo for over 47 years and set the longevity record not only for the species, but for all snakes, having lived longer than any other snake in a zoo. (See also 1992.) 1972. The Zoo established a prehensile-tailed skink long-term propagation program, the object of which was to preserve a representative sample of the vast genetic and taxonomic diversity present in nature. PZ had the largest collection of prehensile-tailed skinks in the country. On December 10, 1977, the PZ achieved the 1st-ever birth of a prehensile-tailed skink in a zoo. The PZ holds the worldwide longevity record for this lizard. The record-setting skink spent over 24 years at the Zoo, from his arrival on July 15, 1972 until his death on February 2, 1997. Its unique genetic characteristics, including live births instead of laying eggs, caused the Zoo to place a major emphasis on the captive propagation of this unusual lizard from the Solomon Islands. The Zoo's population of skinks is used to research the taxonomy of the species and the possibility that there may actually be up to 10 different species or subspecies of prehensile-tailed skinks. The Zoo started a captive breeding program for the St. Lucia viper. In doing so, the PZ became the 1st in the world to exhibit this unusual snake found only on the West Indian Island of St. Lucia. Young were born in March, 1978, possibly the 1st at any zoo. 1992. The longevity record-holder for ball pythons died on October 7 after living at the Zoo for over 47 years. This ball python also held the longevity record for all snakes, having lived longer than any other snake in a zoo. (See also 1945.) 1992. A captive-breeding program was initiated for the West Indian iguana, a close relative of the common green iguana. Prior to 1992, the only known West Indian iguanas exhibited in captivity in the world were located at the PZ. (See also 1875 and CONSERVATION.) 1994. The PZ achieved the 1st known zoo breeding of another Solomon Island lizard species, the Solomon Island ground skink, in April. 1994. The 1st captive hatching of a river turtle occurred at the Zoo in January when a wild- caught female, which had arrived at the Zoo pregnant (gravid), laid eggs that successfully hatched. (See also 1998.) 1994. The Zoo received its 1st Rio Cauca caecilians–12 in all. One year later, on July 24 1995, the Zoo became the 1st to breed these aquatic caecilians in the U.S. This is part of a long history with reptiles and amphibians at the PZ. Beginning in 1876 with a director with a love of reptiles and amphibians, and expanding with curator Roger Conant, the 20th century's most influential herpetologist, the Zoo has a very strong history in the care and husbandry of reptiles and amphibians, and has made many contributions to the care of these animals. At last count, the Zoo held 34 longevity records for amphibians including caecilians, salamanders and frogs, and 77 longevity records for reptiles. 1997. The longevity-record holder for Hosmer's skinks died on February 2 after living at the Zoo for over 24 years. As part of a series of Australian exhibits, the Zoo has the only specimens of Hosmer's skinks outside of Australia. 1998. The 1st captive breeding (eggs produced and hatched) of the endangered Central American river turtle occurred at the PZ in August. The Zoo had received its 1st Central American river turtles in 1993 and is currently 1 of only 3 zoos in the U.S. to exhibit this endangered species. Home to over half of the captive population of the river turtles in the U.S., the Zoo's breeding History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 27/38 attempts continue. The Zoo also supports conservation efforts in Central America for this unique turtle. (See also 1994.) 2001. The King cobra, “Starfire”, housed in the Zoo's Reptile House became the longevity record-holder for King cobras by living for over 23 years. Starfire died in 2005. This cobra hatched August 6, 1978, at the Bronx Zoo and was donated to the PZ on August 29, 1978 when he was less than 1 month old. The cobra measured 14’ long, recognized his keepers by their voices and was known to growl. The Zoo also holds the longevity records for 34 amphibian species and 77 other reptile species. 2004. In May, PZ keepers bred least killfish, reported to be the smallest vertebrate in the U.S. (less than 1” long) – a 1st for the Zoo. 2004. The Zoo had its 1st birth of the live-bearing Hosmer’s skink, the 1st recorded birth outside Australia. Currently, the Zoo is 1 of only 2 zoos outside Australia to exhibit Hosmer's skinks. 2005. In April, the PZ witnessed its 1st hatching of a Roti Island (McCord’s) snake-necked turtle and, in August, its 1st hatching of a flat-shelled spider tortoise. PZ VOLUNTEERS Docents. In the fall of 1971, Jeanne Segal and Virginia Pearson founded the Zoo's Docent Council, a group of volunteer “teachers” committed to enhancing visitors' enjoyment of and appreciation for the Zoo. Their 1st class of 12 women graduated in the spring of 1972 after having completed an intensive course covering topics in zoology, conservation, animal behavior, tour guide techniques and Zoo history. Today, over 200 strong, these volunteers provide a wide variety of services and programs including, but not limited to, Zoo tours, “Just Ask” Cart information stations, Ask-an-Expert service on the Zoo’s website, Get-Away Trips, Junior Nature Journeys, Zoo Seniors and Night Flights. See Separate Article on History of the Docent Council. The volunteer program at the Zoo showed dramatic growth in the 1990s with the establishment of new volunteer groups: - ZooHorts, who work closely with the Zoo’s Horticulture and Operations departments to enhance the unusual flora of the Garden. - Hospitality Team, established in 1993, assists visitors in any way possible. - Volunteers for Zoo Travel, established in 1993, work with the Travel Department to develop and implement new marketing strategies and destinations for upcoming Zoofari expeditions. Other volunteer programs include: - Friends of the Philadelphia Zoo, a support group, was founded in 1981. Businesses and organizations from far and wide banded together to paint the railroad bridge that connects the Zoo to its Mantua neighborhood. The 1981 project transformed the 400’-long walls of the bridge into a lively animal walkway. Designed by a local art student and executed by neighborhood youth and Philadelphia Art Museum staff members, the bridge transformation was the 1st project of the new support group Friends of the Philadelphia Zoo. In 2006, the City of Philadelphia Mural Arts Program gave the bridge another face lift with artwork designed by Paul Santoleri. - AFZ Camera Club, a community outreach program, brings disadvantaged youths to the PZ for photography lessons. This group of photographers – amateurs, semi-professionals and pros, who are Zoo members - was founded in 1982 by Dr. Stella Botelho, an emeritus professor of physiology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, a longtime History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 28/38

Zoo member and Docent. The 1st meeting in May of 1982 drew a 90% turnout, and 1 year later the Club had 31 members. Members meet once a month to share their interest and exchange tips on techniques. In the challenging art of zoo photography, those tips cover everything from how to shoot snakes behind glass, how to catch a bird in flight, the finer points of macro-photography and the best lighting techniques for capturing the fur of a polar bear. The Club gives members a chance to improve their skills and contribute digital images, slides, prints and other photographic services to the Zoo. The group continues to meet monthly, regularly including behind-the-scenes photo shoots. - Friends of The Solitude, a group established in 1991, supports the ongoing process of restoring the 18th century neoclassical house built by John Penn. (See separate article on The Solitude.) - TLC (Tender Loving Care) Committee works on projects to enhance the quality of animals’ lives in the Zoo. - Zoofari Club, established in 1982, provides money for conservation projects around the globe. - Zoo Project Council, established in 1982, builds good will for the Zoo. - Children’s Zoo volunteers. - Departmental volunteers. - PALZ (Personally Assigned Locations in the Zoo). - Zoo Gardening Group assists the Horticulture Department. - TASC Force, established in 1997, assists the Marketing Department (Trade Shows, Convention Center Force). AWARDS Philadelphia Flower Show Awards 1979. The PZ received the “Best in Division” award for "The Plant Zoo." Exhibited was the largest collection of topiary animals ever seen in any flower show: turtles and ducks, alligators and elephants, snakes and apes, giraffes and birds, squirrels and roosters, a seal complete with a balanced ball and a larger-than-life Pooh bear. "The Plant Zoo" was grown in the Zoo's greenhouse. This year-long effort resulted in one of the most popular exhibits at the Flower Show and created such a great interest in topiaries that the Zoo offered a seminar on topiaries - "Grow Your Own Green Animals. " 1991. The PZ received the “Best in Show” award for “Promenade in the Sculpture Garden.” 3 sculptures, "Black Bear Family," "African Warthog" and "Penguins," were transported to the show and surrounded with patterned beds of flowering plants and reflective pools to create a Victorian sculpture garden. The Flower Show was the preview of the “Black Bear Family” sculpture that hadn’t yet made its appearance at the Zoo. 1993. The PZ received the “Outstanding Exhibit” award and the Garden Club Federation of Pennsylvania's Education Award for "Preserving the Past, Presenting the Future," which was also the theme of the Flower Show. Following that theme, the PZ presented a 3/4-scale replica of "The Solitude, John Penn's Country Home." With period-appropriate plants arranged in a flower/vegetable/idea garden, the PZ exhibit described the landscape design of John Penn's historic era and plants used at that time that are still used today. 1996. When the Show moved to the new Convention Center, the PZ exhibit was the central feature and included a 3/4-scale replica of the PZ's North Gate entrance. The PZ was further History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 29/38

recreated with the presence of the "Dying Lioness," "Penguins," "Fishing Bear" and "Toad" sculptures transported from the Zoo to the Center. 1999. The PZ received the “Award of Merit” and the Garden Club Federation of Pennsylvania's Education Award for “For the Birds.” In line with the theme "Design on Nature…the Art of Gardening," the Zoo created an exhibit that taught visitors about practicing conservation in their own backyards. Displays of plants for nesting, food and shelter showed how to create a haven for birds. Signs illustrated landscape tips to improve bird habitat, and identified the birds that would be attracted. 2002. The PZ received the “Best in Show” award for the nonprofit division and The Garden Club Achievement for Education Award. Since 1983 the Zoo had been awarded this prestigious honor 8 times. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Awards (AZA) 2000. The PZ received the International Conservation Significant Achievement Award for its work in the West African country of Liberia. Sapo National Park, the 1st and only national park established in Liberia, represented a conservation challenge as a "hotspot" of biological diversity that was threatened by illegal logging, wildlife trade, and internal strife. 2001. The PZ received the Youth Advocate Award for Exemplary Development Work on Behalf the Regional Youth Network Programs. 2001. The PZ received the North American Conservation Award for its Diamondback Terrapin Head Start Conservation Program. In partnership with The Richard Stockton College of NJ and the Wetlands Institute, young diamondback terrapins, hatched from rescued wild eggs and reared at the Zoo for 10 months to give them a head start, are then released into NJ salt marshes. These hatchlings come from eggs rescued from female terrapins hit by cars while crossing New Jersey roads to lay their eggs. By head-starting before release, they are bigger and stronger, and thus less vulnerable to predators and other dangers. Zoo campers and interns help rear and release the terrapins, and learn about the terrapin's native habitat and threats to their survival. 2001. The PZ, as 1 of the over 40 consortium members for the Okapi Conservation Project, received the Edward H. Bean Award for Long-term Propagation of the Okapi. The Okapi Conservation Project is located within the Ituri Forest, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the most biologically diverse country in Africa. The Okapi Wildlife Reserve was gazetted in 1992, encompassing 13,700 square kilometers. In 1996, it was designated as a United Nation’s World Heritage Site. The Okapi Conservation Project (OCP) was initiated in 1987 to elicit support for the conservation of the wild okapi from zoological institutions managing okapi in zoos around the world. Okapi ambassadors in zoos help instill awareness of the rapid destruction of rainforests and generate financial support for the preservation of okapi habitat in the Ituri Forest of the Congo River basin. The OCP has significantly contributed to the establishment and security of the Okapi Wildlife Reserve, 1 of the most biologically diverse areas in all of Africa .

2001. The PZ, along with 35 other institutions, was awarded the Significant Achievement in International Conservation award for the "Betampona Ruffed Lemur Release and Conservation Program" started in 1997. 35 zoos participated cooperatively, resulting in the successful release of 12 captive-born black-and-white ruffed lemurs into the Betampona Reserve in Northeast Madagascar. The project also contributed to the protection of the reserve, implemented educational and micro-development projects in nearby villages, and contributed to the training of Malagasy field personnel, scientists and students. The PZ made a long-term commitment to the History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 30/38 program by maintaining a breeding pair of black-and-white ruffed lemurs and by supporting in situ conservation and research through financial contributions. 2002. The PZ, along with 15 other institutions, received the International Conservation Award for the Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program in New Guinea, which started in 1996. 2004. The PZ received the Significant Achievement in Education Award for its Junior Zoo Apprentice Program (JZAP), an intensive 4-year internship and mentoring program designed to introduce local young people, many from challenged communities, to science careers. 2007. (1) The PZ won the AZA Exhibit of the Year Award for Bank of America BCF at the 3rd annual Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) conference held in Philadelphia in September. The award recognized excellence in animal display and exhibit design by an AZA member organization. The Exhibit of the Year Award is presented for outstanding dedication to conservation issues and construction of exhibit space replicating species’ natural habitats. (See Carnivora House, 1951. See Separate Article on Big Cat Falls. 2010.) (2) In September, the AZA (Association of Zoos and Aquariums) honored the Zoo with a Significant Achievement Award for the McNeil Avian Center, recognizing national excellence in the area of live animal display and exhibit design. The $16.5 million McNeil Avian Center, which opened in May 2009, incorporates lush walk-through habitats where visitors can discover over 100 spectacular birds from around the world, many of them rare and endangered.

2010. The PZ won AZA’s Significant Achievement (runner-up) Award for McNeil Avian Center.

2013. The AZA’s Avian Scientific Advisory Group awarded the PZ 2 Plume Awards for its participation in the Micronesian Kingfisher Species Survival Plan (SSP) and conservation program. The PZ received the Plume Award for Long-term Propagation Program for managing the Micronesian Kingfisher Program since 1988 when 29 birds were collected from the wild through the Guam Bird Rescue Project. The PZ’s Animal Collections Manager, Beth Bahner, received the Plume Award for Significant Contribution to Zoo Aviculture (awarded only periodically) for exceptional achievement in zoo aviculture. 2014. The PZ’s KidZooU shared the AZA “Top Honors” Exhibit Award at its September meeting in Orlando, Florida. PZ again received successful re-accreditation from the AZ. 2015. The PZ received a Significant Achievement award for Excellence in Marketing for 2014’s Zoo360/Big Cat Crossing campaign. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA) 1979. The PZ received the Significant Achievement Award for its breeding of the lilac breasted roller. 1985. The PZ received the Significant Achievement Award for its endangered hermit ibis propagation program. Operation Hermit Ibis was a conservation story about how the Zoo helped shore up the birds’ chances of survival through participation in an international captive breeding program. Between 1980 and 1996, 53 hermit ibises hatched at the PZ. The most recent hatching was Gurk, on February 6, 2008.

1986. The PZ’s Reptile Department received the Significant Achievement Award for its prehensile-tailed skink breeding program. History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 31/38

1986. The PZ, along with the New York Zoological Society and the National Zoo, received, for the 1st time, the Bean Award (the zoo world's “Oscar” and highest honor) for the Guam Bird Rescue Project and the Zoo's outstanding efforts to preserve and save endangered bird species on the island of Guam. 1986. The Zoo's new sign system received a Significant Achievement Award. The colorful new signs made information more fun to read and easier to remember. The new signs, with information presented informally and in shorter paragraphs, increased readership by 44% and doubled the information taken in by visitors. 1986. "Zoo Walk Summer Theater" received the AAZPA Education Award, which recognized outstanding achievement in education program design. Programs are judged on their ability to promote conservation knowledge, attitudes and behavior, show innovation, and measure success. Conservation messages presented in an interactive theater format for children were the basis of 2 plays per day during the "Zoo Walk Summer Theater's" 2 months of performances. 1991. The PZ received the Gold Propagators’ Certificate for its springbok breeding. American Federation of Aviculture (AFA) 1980. The PZ received the Gold Avy Award, the Federation’s highest honor, for the world's 1st breeding of the scarlet-headed blackbird. A 2nd award, the Silver Avy, recognized the Zoo's continuous propagation successes with the Renauld's ground cuckoo. The PZ was the 3rd zoo in the world to achieve a successful breeding of the Renauld's ground cuckoo in 1977. 1981. The PZ received the Silver Avy for its hatching of the 1st emerald starlings in America. 1980-1985. The PZ received 3 more of the coveted Avy Awards for its 1st breeding or propagation programs. The highly coveted Avy Awards are given in recognition of outstanding achievements in aviculture.

Other Awards 1969. The PZ Penrose Research Laboratory received a Gold Medal from the Royal Zoological Society of Belgium, the 1st American institution to be so honored with this prestigious award, for its achievements in combating diseases and for its pioneering work in developing balanced diets at the Penrose Research Laboratory under Drs. Ratcliffe and Snyder. 1976. On May 5, the PZ won the “Humane Education Award” from the Women’s SPCA of PA for its dedication to pet welfare through the operation of its Domestic Pet Center in the Daniel W. Dietrich Memorial Children's Zoo. Established in 1975 in cooperation with the WSPCA, the Pet Center’s purpose was to remind and encourage visitors to adopt domestic, rather than exotic, animals as household pets. Today, the Zoo distributes "Best Bets for Pets," an information guide designed to help people choose a pet that will not only fit into their lifestyle, but also won't contribute to today's growing illegal pet trade. 1986. TIME Magazine recognized the Treehouse with its architectural award. 2002. The PZ earned a 4-star rating from Charity Navigator, an independent evaluator of American charities that assesses the financial health of more than 2,100 of the nation’s largest charities. The PZ is 1 of only a few local organizations, and 1 of only 8 zoos in the nation, to earn a 4-star rating (“exceptional,” “exceeds industry standards”). 2002. Philadelphia Magazine ’s “Best of Philly” honor was bestowed on the Zoo as “ The Best Day Out with the Kids.” History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 32/38

2005. The PZ and Channel 6 won a regional Business/Arts Partnership Award from the Arts and Business Council of the Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce.

2012. The PZ Bird Lake Wetland project won the 2012 Pennsylvania Governor’s Award for Environmental Excellence based on 7 criteria: protection, teamwork, public service, environmental education and outreach, pollution prevention, cost-effectiveness and innovative technology.

2013. PZ achieved LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification at the Gold Level for KidZooU. LEED certification is a process administered by the U..S. Green Building Council through which points are awarded for design and construction practices that result in more energy-efficient and environmentally responsible building concepts and operations. The exhibit’s energy-saving efforts were also recognized as one of the best new storm water control measure projects in the region by the Temple-Villanova Sustainable Storm Water Initiative, a sub-group of the Villanova Urban Storm Water Partnership. KidZooU also received additional awards: Preservation Pennsylvania – Construction Award; Philadelphia Preservation Alliance – Grand Jury Award and Delaware Valley Green Building Council – Groundbreaker Award.

2015. PZ’s Intermodal Transportation Center received the International Parking Institute’s Award of Excellence.

Prepared/updated by: Judith Ehrman, docent Date: 08-15-16 Photo by Bob Sloane, docent

Continued History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 33/38

Appendix A: Animals in PZ Collection on Opening Day

Common name 1st Acq. date # on 1 Jul 1874

BIRDS WIDGEON 1874/05/19 2 MUTE SWAN 1874/05/19 2 WOOD DUCK 1874/04/23 3 BLACK SWAN 1874/04/23 10 MUSCOVEY DUCK 1874/06/20 2 MAGPIE GOOSE 1874/07/01 4 COMMON GULL 1874/04/23 1 SILVERY GULL 1874/04/23 1 BLACK CROWNED NIGHT HERON 1874/04/23 1 SNOWY EGRET 1874/06/29 1 GREAT WHITE HERON 1874/06/29 1 STORK 1874/05/19 2 WHITE FANTAIL PIGEON 1874/04/30 2 BLUE FANTAIL PIGEON 1874/04/30 2 BLUE OWL PIGEON 1874/04/30 2 BLACK BARB PIGEON 1874/04/30 2 YELLOW BARB PIGEON 1874/04/30 2 BLACK CAPPED TURBET 1874/04/30 2 SKY-BLUE CARRIER PIGEON 1874/04/30 2 BLACK NUN PIGEON 1874/04/30 2 RED BREASTED PIGEON 1874/04/23 1 WILD PIGEON 1874/04/23 1 KEY WEST PIGEON 1874/05/09 6 CRESTED PIGEON 1874/07/01 1 BRONZE-WING PIGEON 1874/07/01 5 PEACEFUL DOVE 1874/04/23 1 CAROLINA TURTLE DOVE 1874/04/23 2 RING DOVE 1874/04/23 5 DOVES 1874/05/09 3 TASMANIAN JACKASS 1874/07/01 3 LAUGHING JACKASS 1874/07/01 5 RED-TAILED HAWK 1874/04/23 1 BALD EAGLE 1874/04/23 3 HAWK 1874/04/23 5 GOLDEN EAGLE 1874/05/04 1 WEDGE-TAIL EAGLE 1874/07/01 2 SPARROW HAWK 1874/04/23 4 CRESTED CURASSOW 1874/04/27 1 GLOBOSE CURASSOW 1874/04/27 2 WATTLED CURASSOW 1874/06/16 1 CHINESE SILVER PHEASANT 1873/10/13 2 COMMON ENGLISH QUAIL 1874/04/23 1 COMMON PHEASANT 1874/04/23 5 GOLDEN PHEASANT 1874/05/02 1 AFRICAN BANTAM 1874/04/23 1 SPANISH CHICKEN 1874/04/23 1 AMERICAN PARTRIDGE 1874/04/23 3 SEABRIGHT BANTAM 1874/04/23 3 History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 34/38

BLACK-RED GAME BANTAM 1874/04/23 3 DUCK-WINGED GAME BANTAM 1874/04/23 3 BLACK RED GAME BANTAM 1874/04/23 3 PURPLE GALLINULA 1874/06/24 1 AUSTRALIAN CRANE 1874/07/01 4 BALD COOT 1874/07/01 2 RAIL 1874/07/01 2 RAVEN 1873/08/05 2 MAGPIE 1874/04/23 2 WHIDAH BUNTING 1874/04/23 1 SHORT CRESTED BRAZILIAN CARDINAL 1874/04/23 1 CHESTNUT EARED FINCH 1874/04/23 2 RED EYE-BROWED FINCH 1874/04/23 1 CINNAMON WAXBILL 1874/04/23 1 BLUISH WAXBILL 1874/04/23 2 WAXBILL GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 1 YELLOW FINCH 1874/04/23 1 GREENFINCH 1874/04/23 1 FACIATED GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 1 FOX COLORED FINCH 1874/04/23 1 SCARLET FINCH 1874/04/23 1 BRAMBLE FINCH 1874/04/23 1 NEGRO FINCH 1874/04/23 1 JAVA GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 1 PURPLE FINCH 1874/04/23 1 WHITE AND BLACK AFRICAN BIRD 1874/04/23 1 SISKIN MULE 1874/04/23 1 APERDAVINES 1874/04/23 2 CHAFFINCH 1874/04/23 2 LINNET 1874/04/23 2 SILVER BEAK 1874/04/23 2 TOMAGINO 1874/04/23 2 BLACK BELLIED GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 2 WHITE-HEADED GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 2 MAGPIE FINCH 1874/04/23 2 GRENADIER GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 2 ORANGE BEAK 1874/04/23 2 SISKIN 1874/04/23 2 GOLDFINCH 1874/04/23 3 RED CHEEKED WAXBILL 1874/04/23 3 FINCH 1874/07/01 5 ZEBRA FINCH 1874/07/01 24 MAURITIUS CARDINALS 1874/07/01 6 BELGIAN CANARY 1874/04/23 1 GOLDFINCH MULE 1874/04/23 1 LINNET MULE 1874/04/23 2 MISSEL THRUSH 1874/04/23 1 COMMON BLUE BIRD 1874/04/23 1 COMMON SPARROW 1874/04/23 3 TUFTED MINO BIRD 1874/04/23 1 LESSER MINO BIRD 1874/04/23 1 BRAZILIAN CARDINAL 1874/04/23 1 PAINTED BUNTING 1874/04/23 2 AMERICAN HOUSE FINCH 1874/04/23 2 History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 35/38

BLACK FACED GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 2 SOCIABLE WEAVER 1874/04/23 2 HAWFINCH OR GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 2 BLACK HEADED GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 2 COWRY GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 2 CANARY 1874/04/23 3 DIAMOND SPARROW 1874/07/01 23 PIPING CROW SHRIKE 1874/07/01 4 CARDINAL GROSBEAK 1874/04/23 1 COW PEN BLACK BIRD 1874/04/23 1 RED-WINGED BLACK BIRD 1874/04/23 1 WEAVER ORIOLE 1874/04/23 1 CARDINAL RED BIRD 1874/04/23 1 COCKATOO PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 25 RED BREASTED COCKATOO 1874/04/23 1 LARGE SULPHUR CRESTED COCKATOO 1874/04/23 6 ROSE BREASTED COCKATOO 1874/04/23 12 LEADBEATER'S COCKATOO 1874/06/30 10 LONG-BILLED COCKATOO 1874/07/01 3 SCARLET LORY 1874/07/01 3 KING LORY 1874/07/01 3 SMALL KINGFISHER 1874/07/01 1 RED-AND-YELLOW MACAW 1874/04/02 2 BAUERS PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 1 BLUE FRONTED PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 1 LITTLE GREEN PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 1 ORANGE HEADED PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 1 YELLOW WINGED PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 1 GRAY HEADED PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 2 RED RUMPED PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 2 VICTORIAL ROZELLA 1874/04/23 3 WARBLING GRASS PARRAKEET 1874/04/23 18 AUSTRALIAN PARROT 1874/06/28 1 NORTHERN ROZELLA 1874/07/01 1 MORETON BAY ROZELLA 1874/07/01 2 BLUE MOUNTAIN PARRAKEET 1874/07/01 3 PARROT, RED-THROATED? 1874/04/23 2 GREAT HORNED OWL 1874/04/23 12 SCREECH OWL 1874/04/23 2 History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 36/38

MAMMALS PRONGHORNED ANTELOPE 1874/06/16 1 AMERICAN BISON 1874/02/06 2 ANTELOPE 1874/04/23 1 ELAND ANTELOPE 1874/06/03 1 LLAMA 1874/05/29 1 WHITE-TAILED DEER 1873/10/06 7 AMERICAN ELK 1874/01/07 4 COYOTE 1874/01/07 2 AMERICAN RED FOX 1874/01/07 9 GREY FOX 1874/02/24 2 SAN DOMINGO DOG 1874/04/23 1 DINGO 1874/04/23 5 BOBCAT 1874/01/07 1 PALM CAT 1874/04/23 1 OCELOT 1874/05/22 2 LEOPARD 1874/05/29 2 CANADIAN LYNX 1874/06/11 1 GRAY ICHNEUMON 1874/06/22 1 COATI 1874/06/24 2 RACCOON 1874/04/23 5 CINNAMON BEAR 1874/01/04 1 GRIZZLY BEAR 1874/01/07 1 NORTH AMERICAN BLACK BEAR 1874/01/07 6 RABBIT 1874/04/23 5 WEEPER CAPUCHIN 1873/09/11 5 BROWN CAPUCHIN MONKEY 1874/05/16 7 SPIDER MONKEY 1874/06/10 1 GREEN MONKEY 1874/05/16 3 GUINEA BABOON 1874/05/16 4 VERVET MONKEY 1874/05/19 1 CHACMA BABOON 1874/07/01 2 MONKEY 1874/04/23 10 INDIAN ELEPHANT 1874/06/08 1 GUINEA PIG 1874/06/02 1 BRAZILIAN AGOUTI 1874/05/16 3 CANADIAN PORCUPINE 1873/10/03 2 WHITE RAT 1874/04/23 1 BLACK RAT 1874/04/23 1 PRAIRIE DOG 1873/08/29 30 AMERICAN FLYING SQUIRREL 1874/01/20 5 FOX-SQUIRREL 1874/05/26 2 WOODCHUCK 1874/07/01 1 SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL 1874/01/20 1 RED SQUIRREL 1874/05/26 1 FLYING SQUIRREL 1874/04/23 5 THREE-TOED SLOTH 1874/06/23 1 TWO-TOED SLOTH 1874/05/19 1 History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 37/38

REPTILES SNAPPING TURTLE 1874/04/23 2 ALLIGATOR 1874/04/16 6

AMPHIBIANS HELLBENDER 1874/05/14 1

MARSUPIALS TASMANIAN DEVIL 1874/07/01 1 COMMON DASYURE 1874/07/01 3 OPOSSUM 1874/04/23 12 DERBIAN WALLABY 1874/07/01 2 RED KANGAROO 1874/07/01 2 NEW SOUTH WALES WALLABY 1874/07/01 2 YELLOW-FOOTED ROCK WALLABY 1874/07/01 2 GREAT GRAY KANGAROO 1874/07/01 4 WALLABY 1874/04/23 1 YELLOW-BELLIED PHALANGER 1874/07/01 1 SILVER-GREY PHALANGER 1874/07/01 1 RUFOUS RAT-KANGAROO 1874/07/01 5 COMMON WOMBAT 1874/07/01 2 History of the Philadelphia Zoo – Part 1 38/38

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