3.2.4 Geology
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The Catskill Canister Volume 52 Number 1 January - March 2019
The Catskill Canister Volume 52 Number 1 January - March 2019 Blackhead Range from West Kill. Photo by Stash Rusin, #2829 In this issue: President's Column Trail Mix: News and Notes from the Club Winter weekend Pitch Perfect - Three Hikes Winter Hiking with Children Beyond the list - what comes after 35? 5th Annual Lighting of the Fire Tower Event Goose in the spruce Conservation Corner Trail Maintenance Update Stewardship Update Advice for the guide? Annual dinner announcement In Memoriam Hike Schedule Member lists Editor's Notes 1 Spathe and Spadix The President’s Column by Heather Rolland As I sit down to write my penultimate President’s column, the snow is piling up. I’m preparing for craft fairs, cooking, dressing the dogs in blaze orange finery, and anticipating the dreaded holiday family get-togethers. We’ve all been there, sitting around the table with Aunt Gertie and Uncle Jasper, and someone asks you about Your Hiking Thing. After all the requisite jokes about the Bataan Death March and how the only hiking Cousin Fred is doing this year is to the fridge and back to the couch… someone asks you the why question. Why do you do it? Why a list? Why in the winter? And especially why if there is no view at the top? I have said it before: the Catskill Forest Preserve is my temple and my gym. The oft repeated John Burroughs quote rings true for me: I too go to nature to be soothed and healed, and to have my senses put in order. -
Rartioter Vol
rartioter Vol. XII, No. 1 WINTER 1 9 7 9 BLACK DOME IN 1924 The Catskill Mountains have been known to white men for three hundred years and their valleys have been settled more than a cen- tury. It would seem as if all their summits ought by this time to be easily accessible by well known trails. Yet there are a dozen or more of the higher ones, above 3500 feet, which have no trails to their summits and which are climbed only by the exploring hiker, or perhaps a bear hunter in winter. I recently found another trackless peak, Black Dome, just under 4000 feet--3990 according to the Durham sheet of the United States Geological Survey--on a week-end climb in the northern Catskills. There is no trail over it, and the only paths that reach its flanks are faded out logging roads in the valleys north and south, attain- ing heights 1500 feet below its highest point. Black Dome is the central and highest of the three peaks that make up the Blackhead Mountains, running east and west, Black Head being the easternmost, then Black Dome and the last Thomas Cole. The other two are about fifty feet lower than the Dome. South of them is the valley of the East Kill, north that of Batavia Kill. North of Black Head runs a long ridge to Acra Point, then turning west to Windham High Peak. South this ridge runs through North Mountain and Stoppel Mountain to Kaaterskill Clove. Black Head is accessible by a good trail. -
The Effect of Cement Stabilization on the Strength of the Bawen's Siltstone
MATEC Web of Conferences 195, 03012 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819503012 ICRMCE 2018 The effect of cement stabilization on the strength of the Bawen’s siltstone Edi Hartono1,3, Sri Prabandiyani Retno Wardani2, and Agus Setyo Muntohar3,* 1 Ph.D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract. Siltstones are predominantly found along the Bawen toll-road. Siltstone is degradable soil due to weather session. The soil is susceptible to the drying and wetting and the changes in moisture content. Thus, Siltstone is problematic soils in its bearing capacity when served as a subgrade or subbase. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cement stabilization on the strength of Siltstone. The primary laboratory test to evaluate the strength was Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The cement content was varied from 2 to 12 per cent by weight of the dry soil. The soils were collected from the Ungaran – Bawen toll road. The specimens were tested after seven days of moist-curing in controlled temperature room of 25oC. The CBR test was performed after soaking under water for four days to observe the swelling. The results show that the mudstones were less swelling after soaking. Cement-stabilized siltstone increased the CBR value and the UCS significantly. The addition of optimum cement content for siltstone stabilization was about 7 to 10 per cent. 1 Introduction Rock lithology that includes claystone, siltstone, mudstone and shale is also known as mudrocks. -
Inventory, Classification and Description of Riparian Natural
INVENTORY, CLASSIFICATION, AND DESCRIPTION OF RIPARIAN NATURAL COMMUNITY REFERENCE TYPES FOR WEST KILL WATERSHED, NEW YORK REVISED FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT NOVEMBER 2009 Prepared for Greene County Soil and Water Conservation District and NYC DEP Stream Management Program NNeeww YYoorrkk NNaattuurraall HHeerriittaaggee PPrrooggrraamm A Partnership between The Nature Conservancy and the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation 625 Broadway, 5th Floor Albany, NY 12233-4757 (518) 402-8935 Fax (518) 402-8925 www.nynhp.org INVENTORY, CLASSIFICATION, AND DESCRIPTION OF RIPARIAN NATURAL COMMUNITY REFERENCE TYPES FOR WEST KILL WATERSHED, NEW YORK FINAL REVISED TECHNICAL REPORT Frederick C. Sechler, Jr. New York Natural Heritage Program 625 Broadway, 5th Floor Albany, New York 12233-4757 Cover photo: Cobble Shore Community Carex torta - Apocynum cannabinum - Cyperus spp. herbaceous vegetation (CEGL006536) (Plot WK19A) along West Kill main stem Photograph by: Frederick C. Sechler, NYNHP Greene County Soil and Water Conservation District 907 County Office Building, Cairo, NY 12413 NYC DEP Stream Management Program 71 Smith Avenue, Kingston, NY 12401 The New York Natural Heritage Program is a partnership between NYS Department of Environmental Conservation and The Nature Conservancy. The program's mission is to facilitate the conservation of New York‟s biodiversity by providing comprehensive information and scientific expertise on rare species and natural ecosystems to resource managers and other conservation partners. i Table of Contents TABLE -
Local Flood Analysis Hamlets of Shandaken and Allaben Ulster County, New York November 2017
Local Flood Analysis Hamlets of Shandaken and Allaben Ulster County, New York November 2017 Local Flood Analysis Hamlets of Shandaken and Allaben Ulster County, New York November 2017 Prepared for the Town of Shandaken with funding provided by the Ashokan Watershed Stream Management Program through contract with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection Prepared for: Prepared by: Town of Shandaken MILONE & MACBROOM, INC. P.O. Box 134 231 Main Street, Suite 102 MMI #4615-18-06 7209 Route 28 New Paltz, New York 12561 Shandaken, New York 12480 (845) 633-8153 www.mminc.com Copyright 2017 Milone & MacBroom, Inc. NOVEMBER 2017 Local Flood Analysis TC-i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ ES-i 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study Area .................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Community Involvement.............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Nomenclature .............................................................................................................. 3 2.0 WATERSHED INFORMATION .............................................................................................. -
A) Conglomerate B) Dolostone C) Siltstone D) Shale 1. Which
1. Which sedimentary rock would be composed of 7. Which process could lead most directly to the particles ranging in size from 0.0004 centimeter to formation of a sedimentary rock? 0.006 centimeter? A) metamorphism of unmelted material A) conglomerate B) dolostone B) slow solidification of molten material C) siltstone D) shale C) sudden upwelling of lava at a mid-ocean ridge 2. Which sedimentary rock could form as a result of D) precipitation of minerals from evaporating evaporation? water A) conglomerate B) sandstone 8. Base your answer to the following question on the C) shale D) limestone diagram below. 3. Limestone is a sedimentary rock which may form as a result of A) melting B) recrystallization C) metamorphism D) biologic processes 4. The dot below is a true scale drawing of the smallest particle found in a sample of cemented sedimentary rock. Which sedimentary rock is shown in the diagram? What is this sedimentary rock? A) conglomerate B) sandstone C) siltstone D) shale A) conglomerate B) sandstone C) siltstone D) shale 9. Which statement about the formation of a rock is best supported by the rock cycle? 5. Which sequence of events occurs in the formation of a sedimentary rock? A) Magma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock. A) B) Sediment must be compacted and cemented before it can change to sedimentary rock. B) C) Sedimentary rock must melt before it can change to metamorphic rock. C) D) Metamorphic rock must melt before it can change to sedimentary rock. D) 6. Which sedimentary rock formed from the compaction and cementation of fragments of the skeletons and shells of sea organisms? A) shale B) gypsum C) limestone D) conglomerate Base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the diagram below, which is a geologic cross section of an area where a river has exposed a 300-meter cliff of sedimentary rock layers. -
Halcott Mountain Wild Forest Unit Management Plan
New York State Department ofEnvironmental Conservation Division ofLands and Forests Halcott Mountain Wild Forest Unit Management Plan Towns ofLexington and Halcott Greene County August 2001 GEORGE E. PATAKI, Governor ERIN M. CROTTY, Commissioner New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Commissioner's Office, Room 608 ...., 50 Wolf Road, Albany, New York 12233-1010 ,...,.. Phone: (518) 457-3446 • FAX: (518) 457-7744 Erin M. Crotty Website: www.dec.state.ny.us Commissioner MEMORANDUM TO: The Record SUBJECT: Halcott Mountain Wild Forest Unit Management Plan DATE: July 31, 2001 A Unit Management Plan for the Halcott Mountain Wild Forest has been completed. The Plan is consistent with the guidelines and criteria of the Catskill Park State Land Master Plan, the State Constitution, Environmental Conservation Law, and Department rules, regulations and policies. The Plan includes management objectives for a five-year period and is hereby approved and adopted. 1Qssion~ TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . page 2 Introduction ................................................................. page 3 Facilities Map ............................................................... page 4 I. Location and Description of Unit .............................................. page 5 II. Inventory, Use and Capacity to Withstand Use .................................. page 6 Natural Resources ....................................................... page 6 Facilities and Systems .................................................... Page 8 Cultural Resources -
Michael Kenney Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon
Michael Kenney Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon The Paleozoic Era spans about 250 Myrs of Earth History from 541 Ma to 254 Ma (Figure 1). Within Grand Canyon National Park, there is a fragmented record of this time, which has undergone little to no deformation. These still relatively flat-lying, stratified layers, have been the focus of over 100 years of geologic studies. Much of what we know today began with the work of famed naturalist and geologist, Edwin Mckee (Beus and Middleton, 2003). His work, in addition to those before and after, have led to a greater understanding of sedimentation processes, fossil preservation, the evolution of life, and the drastic changes to Earth’s climate during the Paleozoic. This paper seeks to summarize, generally, the Paleozoic strata, the environments in which they were deposited, and the sources from which the sediments were derived. Tapeats Sandstone (~525 Ma – 515 Ma) The Tapeats Sandstone is a buff colored, quartz-rich sandstone and conglomerate, deposited unconformably on the Grand Canyon Supergroup and Vishnu metamorphic basement (Middleton and Elliott, 2003). Thickness varies from ~100 m to ~350 m depending on the paleotopography of the basement rocks upon which the sandstone was deposited. The base of the unit contains the highest abundance of conglomerates. Cobbles and pebbles sourced from the underlying basement rocks are common in the basal unit. Grain size and bed thickness thins upwards (Middleton and Elliott, 2003). Common sedimentary structures include planar and trough cross-bedding, which both decrease in thickness up-sequence. Fossils are rare but within the upper part of the sequence, body fossils date to the early Cambrian (Middleton and Elliott, 2003). -
IC-29 Geology and Ground Water Resources of Walker County, Georgia
IC 29 GEORGIA STATE DIVISION OF CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINING AND GEOLOGY GARLAND PEYTON, Director THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Information Circular 29 GEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF WALKER COUNTY, GEORGIA By Charles W. Cressler U.S. Geological Survey Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey ATLANTA 1964 CONTENTS Page Abstract _______________________________________________ -··---------------------------- _____________________ ----------------·----- _____________ __________________________ __ 3 In trodu ction ------------------------------------------ ________________________________ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Purpose and scope ------------------------------"--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Previous inv es tigati o ns ____ _____ ________ _______ __________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Geo Io gy _________________________________________________________________ --- ___________________ -- ___________ ------------- __________________ ---- _________________ ---- _______ 5 Ph ys i ogr a p hy ______________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------- __________________ -------------------------------- 5 Geo Io gi c his tory __________________________ _ __ ___ ___ _______ _____________________________________________ ------------------------------------------------- 5 Stratigraphy -·· __________________ -
The Catskill Canister Volume 52 Number 2 April - June 2019
The Catskill Canister Volume 52 Number 2 April - June 2019 View from Twin. Photo by Jason Pelton, #3013 W1211 In this issue: President's Column Trail Mix: News and Notes from the Club Winter Weekend recap A Road Less Traveled... The Catskill 200 Camping with Children Did you know? The Catskill Adventure Patch Catskill Park Day 2019 A year spent climbing Remembering Father Ray Donahue Wildflowers - readers' favorite spots Fond memories of the Otis Elevator Race Nettles - A forager's delight Conservation Corner Annual Dinner announcement Hike Schedule Member lists Editor's Notes 1 Spathe and Spadix The President’s Column by Heather Rolland When the Catskill 3500 Club was created, our mission – to promote hiking the high peaks of the Catskills, to promote social interaction among Catskill high peak hikers, and to support conservation of these places – filled a void. In a world with no internet and thus no social media, helping hikers connect with each other was a valued and needed service. Because if there’s one thing I’ve learned in my decade or so of involvement with this club, it’s that the only thing hikers enjoy more than hiking is talking about hiking! Sharing war stories, trading bushwhack routes, and waxing euphoric about views… hikers, it would seem to me, love the replay with the like-minded as much as they love the adventure itself. But things have changed, and now that camaraderie is available in spades via social media. Leave No Trace is a national not-for-profit environmental organization on the frontlines of dealing with the good, the bad, and the ugly of managing the immense current upsurge in popularity of hiking and outdoor recreation. -
Taconic Physiography
Bulletin No. 272 ' Series B, Descriptive Geology, 74 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR . UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR 4 t TACONIC PHYSIOGRAPHY BY T. NELSON DALE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transinittal......................................._......--..... 7 Introduction..........I..................................................... 9 Literature...........:.......................... ........................... 9 Land form __._..___.._.___________..___._____......__..__...._..._--..-..... 18 Green Mountain Range ..................... .......................... 18 Taconic Range .............................'............:.............. 19 Transverse valleys._-_-_.-..._.-......-....___-..-___-_....--_.-.._-- 19 Longitudinal valleys ............................................. ^...... 20 Bensselaer Plateau .................................................... 20 Hudson-Champlain valley................ ..-,..-.-.--.----.-..-...... 21 The Taconic landscape..................................................... 21 The lakes............................................................ 22 Topographic types .............,.....:..............'.................... 23 Plateau type ...--....---....-.-.-.-.--....-...... --.---.-.-..-.--... 23 Taconic type ...-..........-........-----............--......----.-.-- 28 Hudson-Champlain type ......................"...............--....... 23 Rock material..........................'.......'..---..-.....-...-.--.-.-. 23 Harder rocks ....---...............-.-.....-.-...--.-......... -
Catskill Trails, 9Th Edition, 2010 New York-New Jersey Trail Conference
Catskill Trails, 9th Edition, 2010 New York-New Jersey Trail Conference Index Feature Map (141N = North Lake Inset) Acra Point 141 Alder Creek 142, 144 Alder Lake 142, 144 Alder Lake Loop Trail 142, 144 Amber Lake 144 Andrus Hollow 142 Angle Creek 142 Arizona 141 Artists Rock 141N Ashland Pinnacle 147 Ashland Pinnacle State Forest 147 Ashley Falls 141, 141N Ashokan High Point 143 Ashokan High Point Trail 143 Ashokan Reservoir 143 Badman Cave 141N Baldwin Memorial Lean-To 141 Balsam Cap Mountain (3500+) 143 Balsam Lake 142, 143 Balsam Lake Mountain (3500+) 142 Balsam Lake Mountain Fire Tower 142 Balsam Lake Mountain Lean-To 142, 143 Balsam Lake Mountain Trail 142, 143 Balsam Lake Mountain Wild Forest 142, 143 Balsam Mountain 142 Balsam Mountain (3500+) 142 Bangle Hill 143 Barkaboom Mountain 142 Barkaboom Stream 144 Barlow Notch 147 Bastion Falls 141N Batavia Kill 141 Batavia Kill Lean-To 141 Batavia Kill Recreation Area 141 Batavia Kill Trail 141 Bear Hole Brook 143 Bear Kill 147 Bearpen Mountain (3500+) 145 Bearpen Mountain State Forest 145 Beaver Kill 141 Beaver Kill 142, 143, 144 Beaver Kill Range 143 p1 Beaver Kill Ridge 143 Beaver Meadow Lean-To 142 Beaver Pond 142 Beaverkill State Campground 144 Becker Hollow 141 Becker Hollow Trail 141 Beech Hill 144 Beech Mountain 144 Beech Mountain Nature Preserve 144 Beech Ridge Brook 145 Beecher Brook 142, 143 Beecher Lake 142 Beetree Hill 141 Belleayre Cross Country Ski Area 142 Belleayre Mountain 142 Belleayre Mountain Lean-To 142 Belleayre Ridge Trail 142 Belleayre Ski Center 142 Berry Brook