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(IHS) the International Classification of Headache Disorders ICHD-3 Cephalalgia 2018, Vol. 38(1) 1–211 ! International Headache Society 2018 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0333102417738202 journals.sagepub.com/home/cep Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition Copyright Translations The 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) may be reproduced The International Headache Society (IHS) expressly freely for scientific, educational or clinical uses by insti- permits translations of all or parts of ICHD-3 for the tutions, societies or individuals. Otherwise, copyright purposes of clinical application, education, field testing belongs exclusively to the International Headache or other research. It is a condition of this permission Society. Reproduction of any part or parts in any that all translations are registered with IHS. Before manner for commercial uses requires the Society’s per- embarking upon translation, prospective translators mission, which will be granted on payment of a fee. are advised to enquire whether a translation exists Please contact the publisher at the address below. already in the proposed language. ßInternational Headache Society 2013–2018. All translators should be aware of the need to Applications for copyright permissions should be sub- use rigorous translation protocols. Publications report- mitted to Sage Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 ing studies making use of translations of all or any part City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom of ICHD-3 should include a brief description of the (tel: þ44 (0) 207 324 8500; fax: þ44 (0) 207 324 8600; translation process, including the identities of the trans- [email protected]) (www.uk.sagepub.com). lators (of whom there should always be more than one). IHS will not endorse translations. Endorsements may be given by member national societies; wherever these exist, such endorsement should be sought. ! International Headache Society 2018 2 Cephalalgia 38(1) First Headache Classification Maurice Vincent, Brazil Committee Shuu-Jiun Wang, Taiwan Jes Olesen, Denmark (Chairman) Andre´ Bes, France (deceased) Members of third headache Robert Kunkel, USA classification working groups James W Lance, Australia Working group on migraine: Giuseppe Nappi, Italy Volker Pfaffenrath, Germany J Olesen, Denmark (Chairman) Frank Clifford Rose, United Kingdom (deceased) ([email protected]) Bruce S Schoenberg, USA (deceased) H Bolay, Turkey; A Charles, USA; S Evers, Dieter Soyka, Germany (deceased) Germany; M First, USA; A Hershey, USA; M Peer Tfelt-Hansen, Denmark (Secretary) Lante´ ri-Minet, France; R Lipton, USA; EA K Michael A Welch, USA MacGregor, UK; HW Schytz, Denmark; T Marica Wilkinson, United Kingdom (deceased) Takeshima, Japan. Second Headache Classification Working group on tension-type headache: Committee L Bendtsen, Denmark (Chairman) Jes Olesen, Denmark (Chairman) ([email protected]) Marie-Germaine Bousser, France S Ashina, USA; MT Goicochea, Argentina; K Hans-Christoph Diener, Germany Hirata, Japan; K Holroyd, USA; C Lampl, David Dodick, USA Austria; RB Lipton, USA; DD Mitsikostas, Michael First, USA Greece; J Schoenen, Belgium. Peter J Goadsby, United Kingdom Hartmut Go¨ bel, Germany Working group on trigeminal autonomic Miguel JA Lainez, Spain cephalalgias: James W Lance, Australia Richard B Lipton, USA P Goadsby, USA (Chairman) Giuseppe Nappi, Italy ([email protected]) Fumihiko Sakai, Japan C Boes, USA; C Bordini, Brazil; E Cittadini, UK; A Jean Schoenen, Belgium Cohen, UK; M Leone, Italy; A May, Germany; L Stephen D Silberstein, USA Newman, USA; J-W Park, South Korea; T Rozen, Timothy J Steiner, United Kingdom (Secretary) USA; E Waldenlind, Sweden. Third Headache Classification Working group on other primary headache Committee disorders: Jes Olesen, Denmark (Chairman) S-J Wang, Taiwan (Chairman) Lars Bendtsen, Denmark ([email protected]) David Dodick, USA A Ducros, France; S Evers, Germany; J-L Fuh, Anne Ducros, France Taiwan; A O¨ zge, Turkey; JA Pareja, Spain; J Stefan Evers, Germany Pascual, Spain; M Peres, Brazil; W Young, USA; Michael First, USA S-Y Yu, China. Peter J Goadsby, USA / United Kingdom Andrew Hershey, USA Working group on headache attributed to trauma Zaza Katsarava, Germany or injury to the head and/or neck: Morris Levin, USA Julio Pascual, Spain T Schwedt, USA (Chairman) Michael B Russell, Norway ([email protected]) Todd Schwedt, USA I Abu-Arafeh, UK; J Gladstone, Canada; R Jensen, Timothy J Steiner, United Kingdom (Secretary) Denmark; JMA Lainez, Spain; D Obelieniene, Cristina Tassorelli, Italy Lithuania; P Sandor, Switzerland; AI Scher, USA. Gisela M Terwindt, The Netherlands ! International Headache Society 2018 ICHD-3 3 Working group on headache attributed to cranial Working group on headache or facial pain attrib- and/or cervical vascular disorder: uted to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, A Ducros, France (Chairman) ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or ([email protected]) cervical structure: M Arnold, Switzerland; M Dichgans, Germany; M Levin, USA (Chairman) J Ferro, Portugal; E Houdart, France; E Leroux, ([email protected]) Canada; Y-S Li, China; A Singhal, USA; R Cady, USA; C Ferna´ ndez de las Pen˜ as, Spain; D G Tietjen, USA. Friedman, USA; V Guidetti, Italy; J Lance, Australia; P Svensson, Denmark. Working group on headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder: Working group on headache attributed DW Dodick, USA (Chairman) to psychiatric disorder: ([email protected]) M Vincent, Brazil (Chairman) S Evers, Germany; D Friedman, USA; E Leroux, ([email protected]) Canada; B Mokri, USA; J Pascual, Spain; M JI Escobar, USA; M First, USA; AE Lake III, USA; Peres, Brazil; A Purdy, Canada; K Ravishankar, E Loder, USA; F Radat, France. India; W Schievink, USA; R Stark, Australia; J VanderPluym, USA. Working group on painful lesions of the cranial nerves and other facial pain: Working group on headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal: Z Katsarava, Germany and T Nurmikko, UK (Co-Chairmen) MB Russell, Norway (Chairman) ([email protected]) ([email protected]) R Benoliel, Israel; Giorgio Cruccu, Italy; C Sommer, L Bendtsen, Denmark; J-L Fuh, Taiwan; Z Germany; R-D Treede, Germany. Katsarava, Germany; AV Krymchantowski, Brazil; M Leone, Italy; K Ravishankar, India; H Tugrul Atasoy, Turkey; NJ Wiendels, The Netherlands. Working group for Appendix disorders and criteria: Working group on headache attributed to GM Terwindt, The Netherlands (Chairman) infection: ([email protected]) C Tassorelli, Italy (Chairman) ([email protected]) Acknowledgements JR Berger, USA; E Marchioni, Italy; V Osipova, The work of the Headache Classification Committee of Russia; K Ravishankar, India; F Sakai, Japan; L the International Headache Society is financially sup- Savi, Italy. ported exclusively by the International Headache Society. There has been no commercial sponsorship of Working group on headache attributed to disorder the International Classification of Headache Disorders, of homoeostasis: 3rd edition. J Pascual, Spain (Chairman) We gratefully acknowledge the support of Timothy ([email protected]) Steiner, first for his efforts as honorary secretary of M Bigal, Brazil; C Bordini, Brazil; J Gonza´ lez the Classification Committee and second for his work ¨ Menacho, Spain; F Mainardi, Italy; A Ozge, on copy-editing and preparation of this manuscript. Turkey; J Pereira-Monteiro, Portugal; M Serrano- Duen˜ as, Ecuador. ! International Headache Society 2018 4 Cephalalgia 38(1) Table of Contents Preface 5 How to use this classification 6 Classification 8 Part One: The Primary Headaches 1. Migraine 18 2. Tension-type headache 35 3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias 41 4. Other primary headache disorders 48 Part Two: The Secondary Headaches Introduction 5. Headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck 64 6. Headache attributed to cranial and/or cervical vascular disorder 73 7. Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder 99 8. Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal 115 9. Headache attributed to infection 129 10. Headache attributed to disorder of homoeostasis 138 11. Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure 149 12. Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder 160 Part Three: Painful Cranial Neuropathies, Other Facial Pain and Other Headaches 13. Painful lesions of the cranial nerves and other facial pain 165 14. Other headache disorders 185 Appendix Definitions of terms 209 ! International Headache Society 2018 ICHD-3 5 Preface those languages. Hopefully many additional transla- tions will be published so that ICHD-3 becomes avail- On behalf of the Classification Committee of The able in all major and even in many minor languages. An International Headache Society, I am proud to present electronic version of ICHD-3 beta already developed the third edition of the International Classification of under the leadership of Professor Hartmut Go¨ bel will Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). be updated to ICHD-3. A case book is planned in a This follows the publication of ICHD-3 beta in 2013. collaboration between Professors Morris Levin and Jes The idea behind the beta version was to promote more Olesen. Finally, a cross-walk between ICHD-3 and field testing before presentation of
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