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Distribution Pattern and Phytosociological Study of Trees Associated with Agroforestry in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India

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Distribution Pattern and Phytosociological Study of Trees Associated with Agroforestry in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 8 Issue 1 Article 8 Distribution Pattern and Phytosociological study of Trees Associated with Agroforestry in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India Javed Manzoor Govt Degree College Mendhar, Jammu and Kashmir, [email protected] Mohd Junaid Jazib Govt Postgraduate College Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Agriculture Commons, Biodiversity Commons, and the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Manzoor, J., & Jazib, M. J. (2021). Distribution Pattern and Phytosociological study of Trees Associated with Agroforestry in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India, Journal of Bioresource Management, 8 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.1202.0167 ISSN: 2309-3854 online (Received: Oct 8, 2020; Accepted: Dec 19, 2020; Published: Mar 15, 2021) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Distribution Pattern and Phytosociological study of Trees Associated with Agroforestry in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. Journal of Bioresource Management does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved. For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or Journal of Bioresource Management’s prior written permission. This article is available in Journal of Bioresource Management: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm/vol8/ iss1/8 Manzoor and Jazib (2021). Phytosociological study of Trees in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. J Biores Manag., 8 (1): 75-80 DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF TREES ASSOCIATED WITH AGROFORESTRY IN POONCH DISTRICT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA JAVED MANZOOR¹ AND MOHD JUNAID JAZIB²* ¹ Govt Degree College Mendhar, Jammu and Kashmir ² Govt Postgraduate College Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The focus of present study was to find the phytosociology, distribution pattern, and diversity of different species of trees associated with traditional agroforestry in the district of Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Data was collected through quadrat survey method. A total of fifty quadrats of the size (10x10m) each were thrown randomly in agriculture fields. Total 26 tree species belonging to 16 families and 21 genera were encountered in the agricultural fields with Grewia optiva, Pyrus persica and Celtis australis being the tree species in dominance. The most dense species of tree recorded was Grewia optiva with a density value of 3.88 tree/ha which was followed by Pyrus persica with a density of 3.74 tree/ha. Buxus wallichiana was the least dense species recorded (0.82 tree/ha). The study revealed that the area has vast potential sites for the plantation of various agroforestry related tree species to solve the problems of fuel, fodder and timber. Keywords: Poonch, agroforestry, phytosociology, distribution, traditional use. INTRODUCTION animal units depending upon the physiographic and climatic conditions To meet the growing need of (Pandey, 1998). Depletion of agricultural human population and livestock, various lands due to changing rainfall pattern, unsustainable agricultural and allied landslide, leaching of nutrients, run off, activities has taken place in the recent past. lack of irrigation facilities and drying up of It has resulted in overexploitation of natural springs have resulted in natural resources. This decline in natural agricultural activities in the mountain resources has led many environmentalists, regions which are uneconomical in India agriculturists and animal scientists to find in general and Jammu & Kashmir in more sustainable food, fodder and fuel particular. Most of the villages in production systems. In addition to food as mountainous region of Jammu and a basic need, fuel wood, timber and fodder Kashmir have witnessed mass migration have equal importance to meet the needs resulting in the production of waste, fallow of growing populations (Kanaujia et al., and unproductive land due to which rural 2018). Agroforestry offers an alternate livestock based livelihood has got affected. solution in this regard. Agroforestry is a Agroforestry play an important role in collective term which is normally used for supporting local livelihood and economy different activities including planting trees by providing various products and on farm boundaries, in croplands, on services. Trees on farms play an important fallow lands and within village settlement role in providing food, fodder, fuel wood, etc. (FAO, 2005). Farming communities medicines, timber, and replenish organic incorporate different woody perennials in matter, along with controlling erosion and their cropping system along with the conserving water etc. besides generating 75 Manzoor and Jazib (2021). Phytosociological study of Trees in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. J Biores Manag., 8 (1): 75-80 additional income. Tree based fodder also is normally agriculture. Pastoralism is also plays an important role in providing practised by nomadic groups like Gujjars traditional farming system which help in and Bakerwals. Agriculture system in the reducing the fodder shortage problems in area mainly depends on rainfall. The mountainous regions of India especially in following soil types, that is, loamy soils, the Himalayas during the lean period, sub-mountainous, and alluvial are common when fodder becomes scarce. Agroforestry in the area. can be promoted as sustainable practice to combine the best attributes of forestry and Methodology agriculture. From an ecological point of view, intercropping and mixed arable- During this study observations were livestock systems can work as sound made regarding the current status, distribution agroforestry systems and can increase the pattern and diversity of tree species grown in sustainability of any agricultural agricultural fields and other adjoining areas production. Poonch is one of the hilly from May to October 2018. To study the tree districts of Jammu and Kashmir, India and composition, quadrat survey method was is rich in biodiversity particularly in floral used, a total of fifty quadrats of 10 x 10 m wealth. Main occupation of the people is size were thrown randomly throughout the agriculture and cattle rearing. Various agricultural fields to get the most developmental activities in the area have representative composition of vegetation. The resulted in the overexploitation of natural samples were taken at an interval of 5 km. resources which has direct impact on The plants having girth of more than or equal agricultural and livestock based livelihood to 30 cm were considered as trees and their in the region. Keeping this in view a circumference at breast height (1.3 meters phytosociological analysis was conducted above the ground) was measured. Data to assess the potential of agroforestry in collected was analysed to get frequency, the region. density, abundance and importance value index (IVI) as given below (Curtis, 1951; MATERIAL AND METHODS Misra, 1968). Study Area ( ) The Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, was chosen for the present study. It lies in the foothills of Pir Panjal ( ) 100 range in the Western Himalayas and has an average elevation of 981 meters above sea level. Geographically it is located within ( ) ×100 33.770 N latitude and 74.10 E longitudes. Climate of the study area ranges from sub- ( ) tropical to temperate with a temperature o o 100 range of 20-39 C in summers and 3-19 C in winters. The district has hilly, steep and undulate topography along with plain valleys, which are drained by many small nallahs and rivulets. Three seasons, that is, summer, winter, and rainy are normally ( ) observed in the study area. The monsoon 100 rainfall affects the vegetation of the study area. The primary occupation of residents Importance Value Index = RF + RD + RA 76 Manzoor and Jazib (2021). Phytosociological study of Trees in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, India. J Biores Manag., 8 (1): 75-80 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION analysis revealed that Grewia optiva was the most frequent tree species with a Distribution pattern and species frequency of 96 followed by Pyrus persica composition of various tree species and Celtis australis. Platanus orientalis associated with traditional agroforestry was observed as the least frequent tree was studied. A total of 26 plant species species with a frequency value of 20. Salix which were belonging to 16 families and alba as the most abundant tree species 21 genera were reported from agricultural with a value of 4.07 followed by Pyrus fields and other adjoining area. Rosaceae persica and Pyrus pashia with a value of was the most dominant
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