1820Princeton students call it “Ballown” 1827- Harvard called it “Bloody Monday” 1855-Manufactured inflatable balls were introduced 1860- Yale banned it 1867- First set of rules drawn up at Princeton College 1869- Princeton and Rutgers played first historical match 1871- Dartmouth called it “Old division football” 1873- First set of intercollegiate football rules 1880- Walter Chauncey camp of Yale’s University set new rules 1882- Camp set up downs and yardage rules 1883- Scoring is set up 1888- Tackling below the waist is allowed 1892- Heffelfinger became the first known professional player 1894- Play time decreased from 90-70 minutes 1906- Play time 60 minutes, allow for forward pass 1909- Field goals lowered to 3 points 1912- Touchdowns were raised to 6 points 1912- Number of downs increased from 3-4 1914- Roughing the passer penalty implanted 1921- American Professional Football Association formed 1922 National Football League (NFL) formed 1927- Book named “Football for coach’s ands players” published 1935- First Heisman Trophy 1936- First NFL draft 1950- AAFC folded 1958- NFL Championship game (Greatest Game Ever Played) Colts 23 – Giants 17 1960 American Football league formed (AFL) Early games in England called “Mob Football” Elbow up Sling shot Peace sign Hold ball at an angle Keep ball lower than waist Drop ball, Don’t throw it up Set ball in Tee with laces facing forward Walter Camp “Father of American Football” Football is referred to as “Amefuto” in Japan Pee Wee Footballs Designed for the youngest players, the Pee Wee size football is small enough for a young child to grip and throw the ball. •Target Age: 6-9 years old (5th grade and below) •Average Weight: 10 ounces •Long Circumference: 24 inches •Short Circumference: 17.5 inches Junior Footballs As the young player grows and becomes more comfortable with throwing and handling the football, he or she is ready to move on to the next size ball. •Target Age: 9-12 years old (6th grade) •Average Weight: 11 ounces •Long Circumference: 25 inches •Short Circumference: 18.5 inches Youth Footballs By this point, the young player is entering adolescence and growing rapidly. Therefore, he needs a ball to keep up with his development both in hand size and skill. •Target Age: 12-14 years old (7-8th grade) •Average Weight: 12.5 ounces •Long Circumference: 26.25 inches •Short Circumference: 19.25 inches High School Footballs Your young player will soon be an adult and therefore needs a football to match his growing hand size and skill. High school footballs manufactured by Big Game USA are built to standards outlined by the NFHS and NCAA. From this point forward, the footballs will roughly be the same size. •Target Age: 14+ years old (9-12th grade) •Average Weight: 14-15 ounces •Long Circumference: 27.75 to 28.5 inches •Short Circumference: 20.75 to 21.125 inches College Footballs The difference between high school and college footballs is negligible. By the high school years, a player’s hands are pretty much fully developed. Each Big Game college football is customized to the quarterback’s unique preferences. All footballs, however, must fall within the guidelines set forth by the NCAA. •Target Age: 17-18+ years old •Average Weight: 14-15 ounces •Long Circumference: 27.75 to 28.5 inches •Short Circumference: 20.75 to 21.25 inches center kick off receiver downs kicker referee field goal linebacker running back fumble pass sack helmet punt tackle incomplete quarterback touchdown interception 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Across 15. A pass that is not caught. 8. The player who usually passes the ball. 3. Bring someone who is carrying 17. The player who most often the ball to the ground. runs with the ball. 9. A player that usually catches passes. 6. Place where touchdowns are Down scored. 10. 6 points for running or passing 1. How a football game begins. the ball into the end zone. 7. Drop the ball. 2. Something that protects a 12. 3 points for kicking the ball 11. The person who calls penalties. player's head. through the posts. 13. Throw the ball from one player 4. The player who usually kicks 14. Tackle the quarterback. to another. the ball. 5. When the defense catches a 16. Kick the ball pass. Name_________________________________Date___________________ Subject: Football Geography Sport: Football Directions: Look at the map of the United States and answer the following football questions 1. Look at the numbers located on the map. Each number illustrates the home of a professional football team. See how many of the cities (teams) you can match with the numbers. 2. Which team is located the farthest North?__________________________ Which team is located the farthest South?_____________________________ 3. In which region of the United States are the Miami Dolphins located?_______ And the New York Jets?________________________ 4. Are there more teams in the eastern or western United States?____________ 5. How many teams are located on the West Coast?______East Coast?_______ 6. Which West Coast team(s) has a population of more then 3 million?________ 7. Which state has the most teams?___________________ 8. Which team(s) is located in the “Evergreen” state?_____________________ 9. Which team is located nearest the Rocky Mountains?____________________ Teams 1. Atlanta Falcons 15. Miami Dolphins 29. Baltimore Ravens 2. Buffalo Bills 16. Minnesota Vikings 30. Houston Texans 3. Chicago Bears 17. New England Patriots 31. Jacksonville Jaguars 4. Cincinnati Bengals 18. New Orleans Saints 32. Tennessee Titans 5. Cleveland Browns 19. New York Giants 33. Carolina Panthers 6. Dallas Cowboys 20. New York Jets 34. Oakland Raiders 7. Denver Broncos 21. Philadelphia Eagles 8. Detroit Lions 22. Arizona Cardinals 9. Green Bay Packers 23. Pittsburg Steelers 10. Houston Texans 24. San Diego Chargers 11. Indianapolis Colts 25. San Francisco 49ers 12. Kansas City Chiefs 26. Seattle Seahawks 13. Los Angeles Raiders 27. Tampa Bay Buccaneers 14. St. Louis Rams 28. Washington Redskins Football Vocabulary 1. American football a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance 1. ball carrier (football) the player who is carrying (and trying to advance) the ball on an offensive play 1. blitz a swift and violent military offensive with intensive aerial bombardment 1. completion a concluding action 1. extra point in American football a point awarded for a successful place kick following a touchdown 1. face mask mask that provides a protective covering for the face in such sports as baseball or football or hockey 1. field goal a score in American football; a score made by kicking the ball between the opponents' goal posts 1. forward pass a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer 1. fumble feel about uncertainly or blindly 1. goal line a line marking each end of the playing field or pitch; where the goals stand 1. goalpost one of a pair of posts (usually joined by a crossbar) that are set up as a goal at each end of a playing field 1. half-time involving half the standard or customary time for an activity 1. handoff (American football) a play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate huddle a disorganized and densely packed crowd 1. interception the act of intercepting; preventing something from proceeding or arriving 1. kicker a player who kicks the football 1. kickoff (football) a kick from the center of the field to start a football game or to resume it after a score 1. lateral pass a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer 1. line of scrimmage line parallel to the goal lines where football linesmen line up at the start of each play in American football 1. linebacker a defensive football player who takes a position close behind the linemen 1. linemen the football players who line up on the line of scrimmage 1. out-of-bounds outside the foul lines 1. passing play (American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate 1. pigskin leather from the skin of swine 1. placekicker (football) a kicker who makes a place kick for a goal 1. professional football football played for pay 1. quarterback (football) the person who plays quarterback 1. running back (football) a back on the offensive team (a fullback or halfback) who tries to advance the ball by carrying it on plays from the line of scrimmage 1. running play (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team 1. rush act or move at high speed 1. scrimmage (American football) practice play between a football team's squads 1. signal caller (American football) the position of the football player in the backfield who directs the offensive play of his team 1. split end (football) an offensive end who lines up at a distance from the other linemen tackle seize and throw down an opponent player, who usually carries the ball 1. tackler a football player who tackles the ball carrier 1. tight end (football) an offensive end who lines up close to the tackle 1. touchback (American football) a play in which the opposing team has kicked the football into your end zone Football Muscles The most active leg muscles are the calves, quadriceps and hamstrings. The calves are located on the back of the lower leg and they are a big part of running, jumping and power. The hamstrings, located at the back of the upper leg and the quadriceps, located at the front of the upper leg, are also very active in running, tackling and blocking.