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Louis Reginald Williams LOUIS REGINALD WILLIAMS GLADYS MARIE MOORE Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Planning and Design Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning University of Melbourne, August 2001 -- ~ -------- -- ~- - StGeorge's, Parkes, New South Wales, 1956. St Boniface Cathedral, Sunbury, Westarn Australia, 1962. A word from Louis Williams f f\(@ --~ --------~ -- - Louis Williams in his library. Signing a contract by proprietors, architects and builder. --- - -------- -- -- - Mary and Louis Williams at Airey's Inlet Louis Williams ~- - ------- -- - Louis Williams on 'Bon Accord Track' .." r • ... Wiseman, Neville Williams, Cedric Deane, Charles Melhuish, L.R.W, Bob Simpson, Hugh Moore, James Albury, Roy Simpson. Louis Williams, with friends and staff setting off for 'Lake Mountain' -~~ - - ~~~~~~--- ------- r Airey's Inlet lighthouse, cottage, and cliffs at sunset CONTENTS Vol. I Acknowledgements i Intn.xluction Hi Chapter 1 Formative years 1 Chapter 2 Other influences a Chapter 3 Williams the man 14 Chapter 4 Arts & Crafts 23 Chapter 5 Other denominations 34 Chapter 6 Rural churches 42 Chapter 7 Suburban churches 48 Chapter 8 The offering of space 57 Chapter 9 Proportion & scale 64 Chapter 10 Furnishings & Craftspeople 69 Chapter 11 Memorials & monuments 84 Chapter 12 Murals 93 Chapter 13 Stained glass 99 Chapter 14 Cathedrals 113 Chapter 15 Oxford Movement 129 Chapter 16 Historical development 144 Chapter 17 Comments 155 Conclusion 159 Vol. II Appendix: Buildings 1 Books, booklets & periodicals from LRW's former library t6 Williams~s artists and craftspeople 20 Bibliography: Primary sources 32 Newspapers and periodicals 36 Theses 38 Unpublished material 39 See<mdary sourees ·40 Church Booklets 51 Articles on Williams 53 List of illustrations Plates: 1-91 ACKNO~EDGEMENTS I wish to express my gratitude to the Williams's family, particularly Brian and Geoffrey Williams for their assistance, and generosity in supplying information and access to private papers. I should like to thank Roy Prentice, who recounted his early years as Williams's only articled pupil, and later as his chief draughtsman in charge of twenty others. I am particularly grateful to Blyth Johnson, a former partner, who has shared his first hand experience of Williams and offered constant support, answered numerous questions with considerable patience,· and supplied countless photographs. Roy Simpson AO, and Peter Newell, who both trained in Williams's office, and became well known architects, supplied some excellent insights into his lengthy architectural practice, and kept in touch with, as Simpson said, 'that great man'. Peter Newell corresponded frequently and contributed a great deal of valuable material about Williams's work. Generous assistance has been given by the La Trobe State Library staff, particularly Margaret Burnet and Lois Me Evey. The Heidelberg City Library staff has met many requests for special books, and Lynne Esmore of Inter Library Loans. has consistently tracked down numerous obscure documents and provided valuable information. I wish to thank the staff of the Architecture Library, Melbourne University, especially John Maidment OAM, librarian, who has generously shared his extensive knowledge of Alexander North, and information about his subsequent partnership with. Williams. Jenny Stuart of MacAdvice has offered helpful suggestions, and solved many computer problems for me. Clergymen who were consulted and knew Williams well, and admired his scholarship, gave valuable details about his liturgically correct churches. They included Archbishop Sir Frank Woods, Bishop James Grant, former Dean of St Paul's cathedral, Melbourne, and Father Geoffrey Taylor, formerly of St Peter's, East Melbourne, to name just a few. Mrs Lois Kennedy, archivist, Third Church of Christ Scientist, Melbourne (in Elsternwick), supplied copious archival material and photographs of the original church and its fittings, also Keith Corcoran, clerk, the Fourth Church of Christ Scientist, Melbourne (in Northcote). ii I am grateful to Mrs Donne Simpson; Peter Sorel; Rosalind Landells and David Bick of the Brighton Historical Society; Frank Adams, Robert Prenzel's grandson; Mrs Carol Lancashire and Mrs Anne Sells, archivist, Ivanhoe Girls' Grammar School; Mrs Judy Vandestadt, Firbank Girls' Grammar School, Brighton; Miss Jean Conochie, MBE, archivist, Lyceum Club, Melbourne;. Archdeacon Frank Hetherington, Parkes, NSW; Dr Louise Trott, archivist, Anglican Diocese, Sydney; Reverend Rosemary Gillham, St Luke's, Woy Woy, NSW; Reverend Christopher Bird, St Stephen's, Adamstown, NSW; Reverend Ian Kerboeuf, Christ The King Church, Hillston, NSW ; Mrs Elaine Compton, St Alban's, Woodburn, NSW; Reverend G Foley, St Andrew's, Lismore, NSW; Reverend John Clark, StJames's, Ivanhoe; Reverend Rosalie Raymond Hewitt, St Giles's, Murrumbeena; Robyn Carter, St John's, Camberwell; Mrs Irene King, St Peter's, Box Hill; Dr Celestina Sagazio, senior research historian, National Trust (Victoria) and Roberta Hood; Geoffrey E Walker, Tesselated Tiles; David Fallshaw and Brian McCarthy furniture manufacturers, who furnished more than forty of Williams's churches, gave generously of their time and supplied copies of plans. Jack Mortley (formerly of Picton Hopkins) and Mrs Picton Hopkins were extremely helpful. I would like to thank the following people for their advice and help. Father Dr Colin Holden, assistant priest and archivist, St Peter's church, East Melbourne; George Mitchell; Stuart Winston Hall; Reverend Dr John Anthony Moses, University of Queensland; Dr Ken Cable, University of Sydney; Mrs Gael Ramsay, curator, ·museum/ archivist, School of Mines, Ballarat; Sister Elizabeth Gwen, archivist, Community of the Holy Name; Mrs Audrey Farley, archivist, All Saints', Canowindra, NSW; John Adeney and Dr John Fairhall, St Edmund's, Wembley W A; Alan Willingham; Dr Donald Dunbar; Professor Philip Goad; Dean Llewellyn Jones, St Boniface Cathedral, Bunbury, and Jim Cunniffe, Senior Lay Canon, Bunbury W A; Reverend Dr Max O'Connor, archivist, Uniting church, Melbourne; Lyall Kupke, archivist, Lutheran archives, Adelaide; Pastor R A Weir, Pastor Lloyd Bougher, and Pastor David Muller, of the Lutheran church, Henty, NSW; Dean Michael Birch, All Saints' cathedral, Bathurst; Judith Hill and Barbara Fallow, All Saints' Deanery, and Carol Churches, archivist, All Saints' cathedral, Bathurst, NSW; Mrs Maureen Olditch, Anglican Diocesan Secretary, Townsville, QLD; Peter L Wallis, Registrar, Anglican Diocese of Gippsland; Chaplain Murray Lund, St Mark's Naval chapel, Crib Point; Justine Osborne, Japanese Consulate, and Rosemary Annois, :who gave me snippets about her artist father, Len Annois, and some of his colleagues, who painted at Airey's Inlet and· knew Williams well. I am grateful to my supervisor Professor Miles Lewis for his guidance and continued support. Finally I should like to thank my husband Hugh for his assistance with the photographs, and my daughter Wendy Currie, who accompanied me around various churches taking photographs, and spent countless hours repairing old images of Williams's earlier buildings. Iii INTRODUCTION Louis Reginald Williams was Victoria's, and probably Australia's major ecclesiastical. architect of the Arts and Crafts tradition from the 1920s to the 1970s. At a time when churches were largely outside the realm of cutting edge architecture, he was able to maintain a traditional regard for quality, craftsmanship and architectural integrity. He produced fine rather than exciting. architecture, but contrasted strongly with some of his more experimental contemporaries. He was a gentl~man architect, liked and respected by other architects, practising to the age of eighty-six and becoming a landmark of the architectural scene. Williams was born in Tasmania in 1890, where he attended school at Queens College, and was brought up in a strict religious environment. His father owned a large furniture manufacturing warehouse and hoped his.son would take over the business. However Williams's great interest in churches led him into architecture, where he was fortunate to receive his training from one of the prominent architects of the day, Alexander North, who was Tasmania's Anglican Diocesan Architect. ... Williams later became North's junior partner, and after moving to the mainland about 1912 they set up their practice in Melbourne. Ecclesiastical architecture was foremost in Williams's own practice and during more than sixty-five years in this specialised field he was responsible for designing numerous churches, chapels, vicarages, Sunday schools, kindergartens, and church halls. He also carried out some domestic and commercial commissions. For a lengthy period he was Diocesan Architect to Bathurst and Grafton. He was advisory architect to the Chapter of the Goulburn Cathedral, and designed buildings for the Dioceses of Adelaide, North Queensland, the Dioceses ·of Perth and Bunbury in Western Australia, Devonport and Rail ton, lv as well as every Diocese in Victoria. He became the most sought after ecclesiastical architect of his time, and his churches are to be found throughout Australia. The Anglican Church was Williams's major client, for whom he carried out the majority of buildings in Victoria. He also worked for the Methodists, . Presbyterians, Lutherans and Christian Scientists. His commission was usually to design a church to accommodate a certain number of people, within a set budget. Discussions with the client included siting
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