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Rodrigues Island Chapter 11 Rodrigues Island HISTORY OF RODRIGUES ituated on the east coast of Madagascar, Rodrigues was first seen in a Portuguese map in 1502 and was known as the “Dina a Robi”. In 1528, the pilot of Albuquerque, Don Diego Rodriguez, Sunder the command of Pero Mascarenhas landed in Rodrigues while part of a fleet of ships was making its way across the Indian Ocean. He named the island - Rodrigues (Rodriguez), after his own name. Portugal did not claim any ownership then, but used the island as a mark of sail between South Africa and India. In 1601, the Dutch landed on the island of Rodrigues but never took possession or occupied the island. In those days agriculture was the main activity which included land cultivation, cattle and pig rearing and fishing. In the early 19th century, life was very hard in Rodrigues; there were no shops, only two or three traders operating in a very harsh and authoritarian system. They would buy fish and agricultural products to sell in Mauritius and bring back supplies to sell with a 150 percent to 300 percent mark up. Fishing and farming were considered to be the backbone of the island in those days. In fact, in 1803, the first commercial fishermen arrived in the island and settled in the south coast for one year before leaving again in 1804. In 1840 there were 56 people employed in fishing. George Jenner who was the second magistrate of Mauritius was concerned about the lack of control in the fisheries and extended the Mauritian law to Rodrigues. In 1882, Rouillard extended the regulations for fisheries when minimum net sizes were established and fishing was banned in certain areas. In 1894 it became illegal to fish from December to February in any bay, creek, and pass or in any part of the sea within 3 km of the coast. These regulations were generally followed as there was no trade with Mauritius. The fish could not be kept during the cyclonic season as the island is usually prone to cyclones from November to May. Page 463 In late 19th century Rodrigues’ economy started to take off with the cultivation of tobacco and in 1900, 104 tonnes of tobacco were exported. The Rodriguan tobacco known as tabac bleu was suitable for rolling cigarettes. In September 1901 the arrival of the Trans Indian Ocean cable brought a profound change in Rodrigues. The telegraph cable travelled from Zanzibar to Australia via Rodrigues and the Cocos- Keeling islands. The Cable and Wireless Company established themselves at Pointe Venus. Geography Rodrigues island, which is part of the Republic of Mauritius, is situated 653 km (405 miles), east in the Indian ocean. It measures 18 km (11 miles) in length and 8 km (5 miles) in width. It is a volcanic island having a sheltered lagoon of about 200 square kilometres and is surrounded by over a dozen islets. The Plaines Corail airport and the capital, Port Mathurin are situated in the north. Much of the land is barren and eroded. The currency being used is the Mauritian rupee. Autonomy In October 2002, the Mauritian Parliament gave administrative autonomy to Rodrigues. A Regional Assembly composing of 18 members was elected with an executive composed of 7 Commissioners chaired by a Chief Commissioner. Economy The main pillars of Rodrigues are: Agriculture, Fishing, Tourism, Small-Scale Industries and Handicrafts for exports. Rodrigues livestock production is used for domestic consumption and for exports to Mauritius. According to the 2005 UNDP project document entitled “Support to the Formulation of a Sustainable Integrated Development Plan for Rodrigues” (SIDPR), it is estimated that a large number of the adult population (37.5 percent) are living on less than Rs 2,250 per month as compared to only 13.6 percent in Mauritius. This represents a total of 40.8 percent of a half medium monthly income for Mauritius. The percentage of poor people in Rodrigues (37.6 percent) has been found to be well above the national average of 9.7 percent. Emphasis has been laid on different sectors to promote the economy of Rodrigues. The government recurrent and capital expenditures are being increased every year to provide facilities to boost the Rodriguan economy. Page 464 Table 11(a): The Functional classification of Government recurrent expenditure, Island of Rodrigues, (1999/2000 – 2005/2006) Functional categories 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/051 2005/062 Million Rupees General public services 238.6 252.6 262.2 160.0 134.7 153.7 159.7 Public order and safety 31.8 32.4 35.4 44.3 54.0 58.4 63.9 Education 39.8 41.5 44.0 58.0 75.0 82.6 84.5 Health 59.0 63.6 73.0 91.6 124.9 134.5 130.9 Social security and welfare 127.8 144.9 158.0 185.1 193.9 156.8 156.2 Housing and community amenities 18.0 18.4 20.4 55.3 74.1 75.2 78.9 Recreational, cultural religious 3.7 4.9 5.3 14.8 27.8 32.1 34.2 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 23.9 24.6 27.9 71.7 90.1 141.5 145.5 Transportation and communication 8.5 9.5 7.2 20.2 17.9 16.1 16.1 Other economic affairs and services 3.3 4.1 6.6 8.0 12.1 12.7 20.6 Total current expenditure 554.4 596.5 640.0 709.0 805.1 863.6 890.5 Source: Digest of statistics on Rodrigues 2005, CSO 1 Revised 2 Budget Estimates From Table 11(a), it is noticed that in the functional categories, for the general public services, the government spent Rs 238.6 million in the year 1999/00. These amounts however ebbed and flowed, as in 2000/01 it was Rs 252.6 million, in 2002/03, it was only Rs 160 million and in 2003/04 it was further reduced to Rs 134.7 million. The estimated expenditure increased to Rs 159.7 million in 2005/06. This change occurred because of certain expenditures included in this table have been attributed to other functional categories, as from October 2002, year in which Rodrigues had a Regional Assembly. Page 465 Table 11(b): The Functional classification of Government Capital Expenditure, Island of Rodrigues, (1999/2000 – 2005/2006) Functional categories 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 Million Rupees General public services 4.4 5.8 12.1 10.0 13.5 42.5 40.0 Public order and safety 0.3 1.2 3.7 3.1 1.6 4.6 17.1 Education 9.9 30.7 26.8 110.0 86.1 59.3 30.6 Health 2.8 3.8 6.1 3.5 5.3 5.5 24.0 Housing and community amenities 29.4 16.0 64.8 93.5 128 105.7 144.0 Recreational, cultural and religious affairs 3.3 2.1 2.3 1.3 22.1 69.6 77.0 and services Agriculture, Forestry, fishing and hunting 1.4 3.6 2.3 0.9 12.9 16.5 32.8 Transportation and communication 29.8 56.0 115.5 83.1 126 117.8 112.5 Other economic affairs and services 4.0 0.6 3.2 15.5 1.2 1.0 0.5 Total capital expenditure 85.3 119.8 236.8 320.9 396.7 422.5 478.5 Source: Digest of Statistics on Rodrigues, CSO (2005) 1: Revised 2: Budget Estimates The Government capital expenditure also kept on increasing – it has more than quadrupled from 1999/2000 to 2005/2006. The estimated capital expenditure for 2005/2006 was Rs 478.5 million. The latest statistics available shows that there has been a rise in the export of honey and salted fish which was seen to be a good sign. Table 11(c) shows the exports of certain items in the year 2005. Page 466 Table 11(c) : Rodrigues’ exports for the year 2003-2005 Items 2003 2004 2005 Cattle (No.) 1,135 959 1,041 Pigs (No.) 638 93 44 Goats (No.) 1,581 1,434 1,695 Chicken (No.) 409 389 337 Frozen Octopus (tonnes) 175 191 244 Dry octopus (kg) 240 4,507 8,495 Salted fish (kg) 2,255 1,465 695 Lemon (tonnes) 62 97 132 Grapefruits (tonnes) 2 52 31 Coconuts (tonnes) 14 20 6 Honey (kg) 3,920 1,625 1,562 Chillies (kg) 945 1,350 1,860 Source: Un Guide complet sur l’ile Rodrigues d’Aujourd’hui, Rodrigues (2005) Digest of Statistics on Rodrigues (CSO 2005) Page 467 Agriculture This sector is predominantly based on subsistence production of staple food crops. Onions, garlic, limes and chillies are the Mauritian delights and are therefore grown in sufficient quantities for export to Mauritius. The main crops grown are maize, sweet potato, cassava, and beans for local consumption. Natural calamities, such as soil erosion, overgrazing droughts and occasional destruction of crops by cyclones have always been the weak spot of farming, thereby discouraging farmers to make good use of their natural resources. Water is the main problem in Rodrigues; farmers need to rely on rain to cultivate their land. Plantation of maize, onion and garlic are mainly done in the valley. Animal rearing is done on the upper plateau where grasses grow abundantly. As mentioned in the Regional Assembly Budget Speech 2005/6, a series of projects have been identified by the Commission of Agriculture to empower and facilitate the local planters’ community.
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