Options Hawk Special Report - Notable Open Interest and Analysis
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Show Me the Money: Option Moneyness Concentration and Future Stock Returns Kelley Bergsma Assistant Professor of Finance Ohio Un
Show Me the Money: Option Moneyness Concentration and Future Stock Returns Kelley Bergsma Assistant Professor of Finance Ohio University Vivien Csapi Assistant Professor of Finance University of Pecs Dean Diavatopoulos* Assistant Professor of Finance Seattle University Andy Fodor Professor of Finance Ohio University Keywords: option moneyness, implied volatility, open interest, stock returns JEL Classifications: G11, G12, G13 *Communications Author Address: Albers School of Business and Economics Department of Finance 901 12th Avenue Seattle, WA 98122 Phone: 206-265-1929 Email: [email protected] Show Me the Money: Option Moneyness Concentration and Future Stock Returns Abstract Informed traders often use options that are not in-the-money because these options offer higher potential gains for a smaller upfront cost. Since leverage is monotonically related to option moneyness (K/S), it follows that a higher concentration of trading in options of certain moneyness levels indicates more informed trading. Using a measure of stock-level dollar volume weighted average moneyness (AveMoney), we find that stock returns increase with AveMoney, suggesting more trading activity in options with higher leverage is a signal for future stock returns. The economic impact of AveMoney is strongest among stocks with high implied volatility, which reflects greater investor uncertainty and thus higher potential rewards for informed option traders. AveMoney also has greater predictive power as open interest increases. Our results hold at the portfolio level as well as cross-sectionally after controlling for liquidity and risk. When AveMoney is calculated with calls, a portfolio long high AveMoney stocks and short low AveMoney stocks yields a Fama-French five-factor alpha of 12% per year for all stocks and 33% per year using stocks with high implied volatility. -
OPTIONS on MONEY MARKET FUTURES Anatoli Kuprianov
Page 218 The information in this chapter was last updated in 1993. Since the money market evolves very rapidly, recent developments may have superseded some of the content of this chapter. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Richmond, Virginia 1998 Chapter 15 OPTIONS ON MONEY MARKET FUTURES Anatoli Kuprianov INTRODUCTION Options are contracts that give their buyers the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified item at a set price within some predetermined time period. Options on futures contracts, known as futures options, are standardized option contracts traded on futures exchanges. Although an active over-the-counter market in stock options has existed in the United States for almost a century, the advent of exchange-traded options is a more recent development. Standardized options began trading on organized exchanges in 1973, when the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) was organized. The American and Philadelphia Stock Exchanges soon followed suit by listing stock options in 1975, followed one year later by the Pacific Stock Exchange. Today a wide variety of options trade on virtually all major stock and futures exchanges, including stock options, foreign currency options, and futures options. Options on three different short-term interest rate futures are traded actively at present. The International Monetary Market (IMM) division of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) began listing options on three-month Eurodollar time deposit futures in March of 1985, and on 13-week Treasury bill futures a year later. Trading in options on IMM One-Month LIBOR futures began in 1991. The London International Financial Futures Exchange also lists options on its Eurodollar futures contract, but the IMM contract is the more actively traded of the two by a substantial margin. -
The-Wall-Street-Bookie.Pdf
Introduction Options trading firm blows up amid natural gas volatility (source: FT) One millennial options trader was killing it, then Facebook cost him $180,000 (source: MarketWatch) Trader says he has “no money at risk,” then promptly loses almost 2,000% (source: MarketWatch) The headlines above are some of the reasons why financial advisors recommend that their clients stay away from options. Heck, for the majority of my trading career, I dabbled with them, with almost NO success. However, that all changed once I decided to switch my approach. Instead of buying like the sucker… like those folks who play slot machines at the casino… I began taking the other side— in turn, becoming the HOUSE. The casino strategy that I also call Weekly Windfalls puts you in the driver’s seat, as you’ll learn after reading this eBook. After reading it, you’ll learn: ● How to easily position yourself for success on a week-to-week basis utilizing the casino strategy. Even if you’ve never placed a single option trade in your life before. ● The No. 1 reason why traders fail at options trading. And how a switch in mindset can turn you from ready to give up to consistently profitable. ● How to stack the odds in your favor. Why put on a trade with one possible way to win when you can have THREE? ● The ultimate set it and forget it strategy. Decision fatigue is a real thing. I’ll teach you how to take the stress out of options trading. WALLST BOOKIE JASON BOND 2 ● How to profit in any market condition. -
Options Glossary of Terms
OPTIONS GLOSSARY OF TERMS Alpha Often considered to represent the value that a portfolio manager adds to or subtracts from a fund's return. A positive alpha of 1.0 means the fund has outperformed its benchmark index by 1%. Correspondingly, a similar negative alpha would indicate an underperformance of 1%. Alpha Indexes Each Alpha Index measures the performance of a single name “Target” (e.g. AAPL) versus a “Benchmark (e.g. SPY). The relative daily total return performance is calculated daily by comparing price returns and dividends to the previous trading day. The Alpha Indexes were set at 100.00 as of January 1, 2010. The Alpha Indexes were created by NASDAQ OMX in conjunction with Jacob S. Sagi, Financial Markets Research Center Associate Professor of Finance, Owen School of Management, Vanderbilt University and Robert E. Whaley, Valere Blair Potter Professor of Management and Co-Director of the FMRC, Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University. American- Style Option An option contract that may be exercised at any time between the date of purchase and the expiration date. At-the-Money An option is at-the-money if the strike price of the option is equal to the market price of the underlying index. Benchmark Component The second component identified in an Alpha Index. Call An option contract that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying index at a specified price for a certain fixed period of time. Class of Options Option contracts of the same type (call or put) and style (American or European) that cover the same underlying index. -
Complaint Against Trevor R. Milton
Case 1:21-cv-06445 Document 1 Filed 07/29/21 Page 1 of 65 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ---------------------------------------------------------------x : UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND : EXCHANGE COMMISSION, : : Plaintiff, : : Civil Action No. 1:21-cv-6445 v. : : JURY TRIAL DEMANDED TREVOR R. MILTON, : : Defendant. : : ---------------------------------------------------------------x COMPLAINT Plaintiff United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), for its Complaint against Defendant Trevor R. Milton (“Milton”), alleges as follows: SUMMARY 1. Trevor R. Milton, the founder, largest stockholder, and former Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman of Nikola Corporation (“Nikola”), a publicly traded company, engaged in a fraudulent scheme to deceive retail investors about Nikola’s products, technical advancements, and commercial prospects for his own personal benefit in violation of the federal securities laws. Milton did so primarily by leveraging his social media presence and frequent appearances on television and podcasts to flood the market with false and misleading information about Nikola. 2. Milton founded Nikola in 2015 with the primary goals of manufacturing semi- trucks that run on alternative fuels with low or zero emissions and building an alternative fuel station infrastructure to support those vehicles. To accomplish these goals, Nikola needed to Case 1:21-cv-06445 Document 1 Filed 07/29/21 Page 2 of 65 raise billions of dollars to develop vehicles and infrastructure that had never before been developed or adopted on a commercial scale. Over the course of several private offerings, and then in connection with a business combination with a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”), Nikola raised more than $1 billion dollars, most of it from institutional investors. -
Credit Default Swap Auctions
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Credit Default Swap Auctions Jean Helwege Samuel Maurer Asani Sarkar Yuan Wang Staff Report no. 372 May 2009 This paper presents preliminary findings and is being distributed to economists and other interested readers solely to stimulate discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily reflective of views at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Credit Default Swap Auctions Jean Helwege, Samuel Maurer, Asani Sarkar, and Yuan Wang Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, no. 372 May 2009 JEL classification: G10, G13, G33 Abstract The rapid growth of the credit default swap (CDS) market and the increased number of defaults in recent years have led to major changes in the way CDS contracts are settled when default occurs. Auctions are increasingly the mechanism used to settle these contracts, replacing physical transfers of defaulted bonds between CDS sellers and buyers. Indeed, auctions will become a standard feature of all recent CDS contracts from now on. In this paper, we examine all of the CDS auctions conducted to date and evaluate their efficacy by comparing the auction outcomes to prices of the underlying bonds in the secondary market. The auctions appear to have served their purpose, as we find no evidence of inefficiency in the process: Participation is high, open interest is low, and the auction prices are close to the prices observed in the bond market before and after each auction has occurred. -
Reinvigorating Credit Growth in Central, Eastern, and Southern European Economies
Haverford College Haverford Scholarship Faculty Publications Economics 2015 Reinvigorating Credit Growth in Central, Eastern, and Southern European Economies Bosjan Jazbec Cristopher Towe Marco Pinon Biswajit Banerjee Haverford College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.haverford.edu/economics_facpubs Repository Citation Bostjan Jazbec, Christopher M. Towe, Marco Pinon, and Biswajit Banerjee, Eds. Reinvigorating Credit Growth in Central, Eastern, and Southern European Economies: Proceedings of a Conference Jointly Organized by the Bank of Slovenia and the International Monetary Fund. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services, 2015. This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics at Haverford Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Haverford Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. In Central, Eastern, and Southern European Economies In Central,Eastern,andSouthernEuropean Reinvigorating CreditGrowth REINVIGORATING CREDIT GROWTH In Central, Eastern, and Southern European Economies Edited by Boštjan Jazbec, Christopher M. Towe, Marco Piñón, and Biswajit Banerjee Marco Piñón, and Biswajit Banerjee Marco Piñón,andBiswajit ChristopherM.Towe, Edited byBoštjanJazbec, Reinvigorating Credit Growth Proceedings of a conference jointly organized In Central, Eastern, and Southern European Economies RCGMCMEA by the Bank of Slovenia and the International Monetary Fund -
Frequently Asked Questions ISE Open/Close Trade Profile GEMX Open
Frequently Asked Questions ISE Open/Close Trade Profile GEMX Open/Close Trade Profile This document attempts to answer questions that are important to subscribers of the Open/Close Trade Profile for both ISE and GEMX. Additional information will be published as it becomes available. 1. What is the ISE/GEMX Open/Close Trade Profile Reports? The ISE Open/Close Trade Profile and the GEMX Open/Close Trade Profile Reports are separate market data products offered by Nasdaq that is designed to provide proprietary trade data to subscribers regarding investor sentiment and trading activity on each of the respective exchanges. The product offers valuable trading information regarding investor sentiment and is available as either an End-of-Day file or an intraday file. 2. What is the difference between ISE/GEMX Open/Close Trade Profile and ISE/GEMX Open/Close Trade Profile Intraday? The files generated for each of these products are essentially the same except the following three fields are not included in the intraday file: Closing price of underlying, Closing price of series and Total industry volume. While ISE/GEMX Open/Close Trade Profile is available as an end-of-day file, ISE/GEMX Open/Close Trade Profile Intraday is updated at 10-minute intervals. 3. How often does this data update? The intraday files are updated every10 minutes during market hours. The end-of-day version of the report is updated once per day (on days the market is open) during an overnight process. 4. What time is the file available? The intraday file is available every 10 minutes on the 2s after the hour beginning at 9:42 am EST (e.g. -
The Credit Default Swap Market
THE CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP MARKET Report THE BOARD OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SECURITIES COMMISSIONS FR05/12 JUNE 2012 Copies of publications are available from: The International Organization of Securities Commissions website www.iosco.org © International Organization of Securities Commissions 2012. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated. ii Contents Chapter Page Executive Summary 1 1 Introduction 2 2 Basic Functioning of Credit Default Swap contracts and market size 3 2.1 Basic functioning of CDS contracts 3 2.2 Size of the CDS market 4 3 Features of the CDS market 11 3.1 Contract standards 11 3.2 Market structure 18 3.3 Counterparty risk and collateralization 24 3.4 CDS prices and bond spreads 27 3.5 CDS role under Basel III 30 4 The impact of CDS on the bond market 31 4.1 CDS impact on credit spreads and creditor incentives 31 4.2 CDS impact on the secondary market of underlying bonds 32 4.3 CDS role in the price discovery process 34 5 Conclusion 36 Appendix A -- References 39 Appendix B – Composition of the SCRR sub-group 44 iii Executive summary The market for credit default swaps (“CDS”) is going through rapid change. Over the last several years, CDS contracts have become more standardized, and electronic processing and central clearing of trades have increased. Large amounts of CDS data have become publicly available, and abundant research has been conducted to assess the role that CDSs play in global financial markets. This report discusses those recent changes and current trends in the CDS markets, and provides information from recent literature about the trading, pricing and clearing of CDS. -
Euro Stoxx® 50 Buywrite Index
STRATEGY INDICES 1 EURO STOXX® 50 BUYWRITE INDEX Index description Key facts The EURO STOXX 50® BuyWrite Index is designed to measure the » An ideal tool to boost returns in bear and sideways markets performance of a hypothetical portfolio, reflecting a so-called buy-write » EURO STOXX 50 Index options are the largest contracts worldwide that are strategy based on the EURO STOXX 50® Index. based on open interest Two variants of the index are available: the EURO STOXX 50® BuyWrite, with option struck at 105%, and the EURO STOXX 50 BuyWrite (100%), with option » The high liquidity of these options enables us to further expand our index struck at 100%. family based on options prices Risk and return figures1 Index returns Return (%) Annualized return (%) Last month YTD 1Y 3Y 5Y Last month YTD 1Y 3Y 5Y EURO STOXX 50 BuyWrite Index N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A EURO STOXX 50 Index 2.6 20.0 30.5 32.2 56.2 N/A N/A 30.9 9.9 9.5 Index volatility and risk Annualized volatility (%) Annualized Sharpe ratio2 EURO STOXX 50 BuyWrite Index N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A EURO STOXX 50 Index 8.4 13.5 16.8 21.7 18.4 N/A N/A 1.6 0.4 0.5 Index to benchmark Correlation Tracking error (%) EURO STOXX 50 BuyWrite Index N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Index to benchmark Beta Annualized information ratio EURO STOXX 50 BuyWrite Index N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Performance and annual returns3 1 For information on data calculation, please refer to STOXX calculation reference guide. -
1 Evolving Authorship, Developing Contexts: 'Life Lessons'
Notes 1 Evolving Authorship, Developing Contexts: ‘Life Lessons’ 1. This trajectory finds its seminal outlining in Caughie (1981a), being variously replicated in, for example, Lapsley and Westlake (1988: 105–28), Stoddart (1995), Crofts (1998), Gerstner (2003), Staiger (2003) and Wexman (2003). 2. Compare the oft-quoted words of Sarris: ‘The art of the cinema … is not so much what as how …. Auteur criticism is a reaction against sociological criticism that enthroned the what against the how …. The whole point of a meaningful style is that it unifies the what and the how into a personal state- ment’ (1968: 36). 3. For a fuller discussion of the conception of film authorship here described, see Grist (2000: 1–9). 4. While for this book New Hollywood Cinema properly refers only to this phase of filmmaking, the term has been used by some to designate ‘either something diametrically opposed to’ such filmmaking, ‘or some- thing inclusive of but much larger than it’ (Smith, M. 1998: 11). For the most influential alternative position regarding what he calls ‘the New Hollywood’, see Schatz (1993). For further discussion of the debates sur- rounding New Hollywood Cinema, see Kramer (1998), King (2002), Neale (2006) and King (2007). 5. ‘Star image’ is a concept coined by Richard Dyer in relation to film stars, but it can be extended to other filmmaking personnel. To wit: ‘A star image is made out of media texts that can be grouped together as promotion, publicity, films and commentaries/criticism’ (1979: 68). 6. See, for example, Grant (2000), or the conception of ‘post-auteurism’ out- lined and critically demonstrated in Verhoeven (2009). -
The Impact of Index and Swap Funds on Commodity Futures Markets: Preliminary Results”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No
Please cite this paper as: Irwin, S. and D. Sanders (2010-06-01), “The Impact of Index and Swap Funds on Commodity Futures Markets: Preliminary Results”, OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 27, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kmd40wl1t5f-en OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers No. 27 The Impact of Index and Swap Funds on Commodity Futures Markets PRELIMINARY RESULTS Scott H. Irwin Dwight R. Sanders TAD/CA/APM/WP(2010)8/FINAL Executive Summary The report was prepared for the OECD by Professors Scott Irwin and Dwight Sanders. It represents a preliminary study which aims to clarify the role of index and swap funds in agricultural and energy commodity futures markets. The full report including the econometric analysis is available in the Annex to this report. While the increased participation of index fund investments in commodity markets represents a significant structural change, this has not generated increased price volatility, implied or realised, in agricultural futures markets. Based on new data and empirical analysis, the study finds that index funds did not cause a bubble in commodity futures prices. There is no statistically significant relationship indicating that changes in index and swap fund positions have increased market volatility. The evidence presented here is strongest for the agricultural futures markets because the data on index trader positions are measured with reasonable accuracy. The evidence is not as strong in the two energy markets studied here because of considerable uncertainty about the degree to which the available data actually reflect index trader positions in these markets.