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Home , 2011 Summer Universiade, 2013 Summer Universiade, Caitlin McClatchey, Commonwealth Games, Goldie Sayers, Mind Sports Olympiad

Placing Higher Education in the Performance Pathway

A performance analysis of the World University Games Contents Foreword

Foreword 3 With thanks to: Great Britain has a long and proud history of student , and the World Universities Contribution to Olympic Performance 4 University Games (the ) represents the pinnacle of competition for our student sportsmen and women. Introduction to the World University Games 6 n Ed Smith n Lisa Dobriskey 2011 7 The Universiade is the second largest multisport event in the World, with more n Gemma Gibbons than 10,000 participants from 150+ countries in more than 20 . The Performance Analysis 8 n FISU – The International University 9 Universiade represents probably the experience most akin to an Olympics in Sports Federation terms of scale, village life and competition standard. Athletics 10 n Podium - The FE and HE unit for 12 2012 Games The Great Britain teams have a track record of providing elite athletes Women’s 12 n Great Britain representatives and support staff of the future their first taste of a world-class, large-scale international multi-sports environment. 13 to FISU; Tom Crisp, Jeanette Johnson, Frederick Meredith, 14 London 2012 Olympic medallist Gemma Gibbons is a great example of this. Alison Odell, Alan Sharp, Ian The experiences of participating at two World University Games, in Gemma’s Case Study: Gemma Gibbons 15 Smyth, John Warnock & Zena Artistic 16 own words, prepared her for a major event on the scale of the , Wooldridge allowing her to perform to her best and subsequently win a . Shooting 17 Published by: British Universities & 18 Colleges Sport, 2012 22 members of Team GB at London 2012 had competed at the 2011 World Table 19 University Games in basketball, fencing, , swimming, , water Lead contributor and data analysis: polo and weightlifting . This represents greater than 1 in 5 athletes progressing Weightlifting 20 Graeme Maw PhD from the Great Britain team at the Universiade to the Olympics within 12 “22 members of Summary of Findings 21 Additional material by: Justin Deeny, months, joining many more from previous iterations of the Universiade, including Team GB at London 2013 22 Claire Powell, Neil Rogers

contents London 2012 medalists , Jessica Ennis and . Partner with BUCS 23 For more information please contact: 2012 competed at BUCS has undertaken this research in order to quantifiably establish the Neil Rogers performance level of the World University Summer Games in comparison to the 2011 World Head of International Programmes other major multisport Games (, Olympic Games), to e [email protected] determine the Universiade’s potential place in sports’ performance pathways. University Games” t +44 (0)207 633 5089 I hope that you find the contents of this report both helpful and illuminating in terms of the opportunity represented by the Universiade – not only for our best student sportsmen and women, but as a unique professional development opportunity for support staff and a valuable learning and preparation experience About bucs for our future Olympians and highest performing athletes. Ed Smith British Universities & Colleges Sport in the UK through advocacy, partnership Federation, and responsible for delivery Chair, British Universities & Colleges Sport (BUCS) is the national governing body and lobbying of appropriate national, of World University competitions for for Higher Education sport in the UK. international and commercial agencies Great Britain & Northern . BUCS vision is to enhance the To do this, BUCS works with student BUCS was formed in 2008 by the student experience through athletes, athletic union staff and elected merger of BUSA (British Universities sport, to support and promote the officers as well as professional sporting Sports Association) and UCS lifestyle and educational benefits staff, coaches and volunteers at its (Universities & Colleges Sport). Former to communities and individuals of 160+ member institutions. It offers a bodies of BUCS include UAU, BUSF, taking part in sport, and to provide comprehensive, multi-sport competition BUCPEA, BSSF, BPSA and BCSA and outstanding opportunities to all structure and manages the development date back to 1919. students to engage in sport and of services and facilities for participative, www.bucs.org.uk related activity in Higher Education. grass-roots sport and healthy campuses through to high-performance athletes. This vision comprises three themes: The BUCS sporting programme is SPORT: To provide a world class HE available to the 2.3 million students across based sport infrastructure the UK. Over 100,000 students regularly EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT: compete in BUCS competitions, leagues To be the leading player in providing and events. BUCS delivers more than 50 educational and professional sports to these students and universities development opportunities to students and organises 170 individual final or and staff in HE sport championship events each year. PROFILE: To lead on the effective BUCS is the GB member organisation of development of sport in Higher Education FISU, the International University Sports Universities Contribution to Olympic Per formance

GOLD SILVER BRONZE 65% 66% 49%

In this report we have measured Team GB medal winners from the last twenty years – from the Games in 1992 through to in 2008 – to see how many had been to university. An incredible 61% did. When you consider that by 2010 31% of the population had a degree, this is an incredible statistic and shows the extent to which Higher Education is intrinsically linked to Team GB success. Our university-going medal winners are most likely to win gold or silver medals. Between 1992 and 2008, 65% of gold, 66% of silver and 49% of members bronze medallists went to university. of56 Team GB at London “Over the last 20 years an incredible 61% 2012 competed for Role of honour of Team GB Olympic Games medallists and Great Britain at a Name Sport, University, WUGs World University 65% of Team GB gold medallists have been Archery, Leicester, WUGs 2009 Games Naomi Falkard Archery, , WUGs 2005, WUGs 2003 to university. This compares to 31% of the Margaret Adeoye Athletics, Surrey, WUGs 2011 Team GB  Athletics, Loughborough, WUGs 2011 medal winnerS  population that have a degree.” 39% 61% Simeon Williamson Athletics, Middlesex, WUGs 2007 1992-2008 Nicola Sanders Athletics, St Mary’s, WUGs 2005 These 56 include Olympic Jessica Ennis Athletics, , WUGs 2005 medallists Beth Tweddle, Lisa Dobriskey Athletics, Loughborough, WUGs 2005, WUGs 2003 Gemma Gibbons, Michael Athletics, Bath, WUGs 2005 Jamieson, Lutalo Muhammad Goldie Sayers Athletics, Loughborough, WUGs 2005 Dominique Allen Basketball, Oral Roberts University, WUGs 2011 Team GB medal  Team GB medal  and Jessica Ennis. 36% 64% 34% 66% Chantelle Handy Basketball, Marshall University, WUGs 2011, WUGs 2009 BEIJING 2008 2004 Lisa Dobriskey has represented Rose Anderson Basketball, University Central Oklahoma, WUGs 2011 Great Britain at two World Sarah Barrow Diving, Leeds Metropolitan, WUGs 2011 Stacey Powell Diving, Southampton, WUGs 2007, WUGs 2005 went to/going to university University Games before going on James Davis Fencing, Middlesex, WUGs 2011 DIDN’T GO TO UNIVERSITY to have a successful international Husayn Rosowsky Fencing, Greenwich, WUGs 2011, WUGs 2009 career. In 2006 Lisa became Anna Bentley Fencing, Brunel, WUGs 2007 Commonwealth champion before Louise Bond-Williams Fencing, Ohio State, WUGs 2005 making her Olympic debut at the Richard Kruse Fencing, City, WUGs 2005 Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, Beth Tweddle Gymnastics, Liverpool, WUGs 2009 WUGs 2005 Gemma Gibbons , Bath, WUGs 2009 narrowly missing out on a medal, James Austin Judo, Birmingham, WUGs 2003 Team GB medal  Team GB medal  Team GB medal  finishing fourth. 36% 64% 35% 65% 49% 51% Sophie Allen Swimming, The Open University, WUGs 2011 2000 ATLANTA 1996 BARCELONA 1992 Stephanie Proud Swimming, University of Florida, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2007 Michael Jamieson Swimming, Napier, WUGs 2009 Michael Rock Swimming, , WUGs 2007 The World University Games Joe Roebuck Swimming, Loughborough, WUGs 2007 were extremely valuable in my Swimming, Loughborough, WUGs 2005 development. The transition Swimming, Bath, WUGs 2005, WUGs 2003 between junior athlete and senior Caitlin McClatchey Swimming, Loughborough, WUGs 2005 can be a difficult one to bridge, Lutalo Muhammad Taekwondo, Middlesex, WUGs 2011 but the World University Games Demi Bakare , Sheffield, WUGs 2009 Peter Bakare Volleyball, Sheffield Hallam, WUGs 2009 Team HE Finish 5th at London 2012 provided me with a real taste Lucy Wicks Volleyball, Sheffield College/Loughborough, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2003 of what an international multi- Rachel Laybourne Volleyball, Sheffield College/Loughborough, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2003 Rank Country Gold Silver Bronze Total sport competition would be like. Joanne Morgan Volleyball, Sheffield College, WUGs 2009 1 USA 46 29 29 104 The management structure, the Rachel Bragg Volleyball, Sheffield College/Loughborough, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2003 athlete village and the multi-sport Janine Sandell Volleyball, University of Washington, WUGs 2009 2 38 27 23 88 teams mirrored the Olympic Elizabeth Ried Volleyball, Jefferson College, WUGs 2009 Chloe Wilcox , The Open University, WUGs 2009 3 Great Britain 29 17 19 65 environment perfectly. My Robyn Nicholls Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011 4 Russian Federation 24 26 32 82 coach and I viewed the World Rebecca Kershaw Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011 University Games as a rehearsal Angela Winstanley-Smith Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011 5 HE Team HE 15 9 6 30 for future Olympics. Learning to Alexandra Rutlidge Water Polo, Manchester, WUGs 2011 6 Republic of Korea 13 8 7 28 cope with so many distractions Lisa Gibson Water Polo, UK Distance Learning College, WUGs 2011 in an almost overwhelming Rosemary Morris Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011 7 11 19 14 44 Ciara Gibson Byrne Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011 environment and still compete at 8 11 11 12 34 Francesca Clayton Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011 my best put me in good stead Francesca Snell Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011 9 8 9 11 28 for the Olympic Games. Fiona McCann Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011 Alex Parsonage Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2007 10 8 4 5 17 Lisa Dobriskey Robert Parker Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2007 11 7 16 12 35 Edward Scott Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2007 Adam Scholefield Water Polo, Imperial, WUGs 2007 If Team HE were a country at the London Olympic Games they would have finished 5th ahead of Korea, Germany and Australia. Jack Oliver Weightlifting, Leeds, WUGs 2011 Great Britain’s biggest WUG’s The World University Games medal haul came in Izmir in 2005

Following various informal Universiade sports and entries permutations, the World University The record number of Izmir 2005 2007 2009 Shenzhen 2011 Kazan 2013 Games came to existence in , countries competing at Competing Countries 170 170 145 151 Est. 170 Italy, in 1959. Now reaching its 27th Accredited Participants 7,844 9,006 8,166 10,624 Est. 13,500 edition in Kazan, , in 2013, the the World University Compulsary Sports ü ü ü ü ? 3  Games are run by the International Games is 174 Athletics ü ü ü ? University Sports Federation, FISU, Men’s Basketball ü ? GOLDS Women’s Basketball ü ü ü ? as an international sporting and countries in , Diving ü ü ü ü ? cultural festival. Indeed, as FISU Fencing ü ü ü ü ? Korea, in 2003 Men’s Football ü ü ü ü ? state: “Embracing FISU’s motto of Women’s Football ü ü ü ? ‘Excellence in Mind and Body’, the Judo ü ü ü ? Summer Universiade incorporates The Games have actually more than It is interesting to know therefore the ? doubled in size since they were held performance comparison between Swimming ü ü ü ü ? educational and cultural aspects ü ? into 12 days of sports competitions, (as the ‘World Student Games’) In the respective Games to accurately Tennis ü ü ü ü ? Sheffield in 1991, then with 4,622 gauge potential impact in a sports Men’s Volleyball ? allowing university student-athletes Women’s Volleyball ü ? from all over the world to celebrate accredited participants in 11 sports. performance pathway. Men’s Water Polo ü ? 9 with the host city in a true spirit of Women’s Water Polo ü ? It is well publicized that upwards of Optional & Guest sports SILVERS friendship and sportsmanship”. 60% of Team GB have been through A record 10,624 Aerobic Gymnastics Archery universities, with the WUGS or WUCS ü ü participants took Badminton ü ü ? (Championships) providing invaluable ? Great Britain’s international experience along the way. part at the World ? Canoe ? largest delegation, The Team GB women’s water polo University Games in Cycling team, for example, travelled en masse ü ü 233 athletes and Rowing ? to Shenzhen, while the final session of Shenzhen, China, in Rugby 7s ? staff, travelled to athletics was contested to a packed house of over 42,000 people. 2011. The number Shooting ü ü ? 7 Bangkok, in of participants Synchro Swimming ? These figures are reflected globally, Taekwondo ü ü ü ü BRONZES 2007 and returned with colleagues in Germany stating continues to grow Weightlifting ü ? with ten medals that 54.9% of the German Olympic ? 2012 team have progressed through at each Universiade, ü denotes GB entry denotes competition programme across five sports Higher Education, rising to over 80% in 2005 there were for Team USA – and over 31% of the Shenzhen 2011 The Universiade is widely recognised as Japanese Olympic 2012 team were 7,844 accredited the second largest multisport Games from HE in the preceding 4 year cycle. The 26th World University Games were Jess Dickons from the University of Sports Great Britain competed in: participants, next year held in Shenzhen, China in August Bath won Team GBR’s first medal, in the world after the Olympics, and The delivery framework for the Athletics 2011 and hosted the largest number a superb gold in the 200m Butterfly progressively has risen to world class Universiade – be it accreditation, HQ, in Kazan an estimated Badminton of participants in the competitions swimming, her quickest time in three in scale and standard. The Games the village environment, transport or Women’s Basketball 13,500 will take part history. 7,155 student athletes years to finish fastest ahead of Natsumi and infrastructure development catering – are all delivered against Diving representing 151 countries competed Hoshi (JPN) who went on to win bronze in Shenzhen in 2011 attracted a the Olympic model to help familiarise Fencing government and organising-committee at the , as a at London 2012 in the same event. student athletes with their future “This is the best international Football investment of £18 billion, providing comparison the 2008 Beijing Olympics Olympic experiences. Similarly, BUCS platform for sports development The final day at the track brought Golf a purpose built village for 10,624 had 11,028 athletes and the 2010 delivery of central support follows the that I have ever seen, which is home three medals for the Great Artistic Gymnastics accredited participants from 151 Commonwealth Games 6,081. Olympic model in-so-far as possible. reflected by the growing stature Britain team as Andrew Vernon (St Judo countries, competing in 27 sports in Representing Great Britain 152 Mary’s University College) won gold Shooting The Universiade, however, does not of these Games. There have been 22 new venues of 54 in total. Over 100 athletes took part from 40 British in the 5000m, the women’s 4x400m Swimming draw the attention in this country that numerous World Champions and performance records were set in 306 Universities, 22 of whom were later team earned bronze and Julian Reid Open Water Swimming it perhaps does elsewhere – though world ranked number ones here medal events. selected to be part of Team GB at the (Texas A&M University) also secured Taekwondo (Kyorugi & Poomsae) Eurosport broadcast 112 hours of contesting as a significant part London Olympic Games. bronze in the men’s long jump. Tennis coverage during the 2011 event – of their season, and as a truly multi-sport international Games. Women’s Waterpolo and the biennial is over shadowed by Great Britain had medal success The men’s football team won Great Weighlifting In 2003 Daegu, Korea events such as the Commonwealth It is genuinely second only to a Britain’s fifth medal, finishing runners in swimming, athletics and men’s Games outside of Olympic years. in terms up to in the final after defeating football, however this does not witnessed Great In comparison to the University of its stature and competitive and en route to winning a tell the full story as the copious Games, the Commonwealths experience”. silver medal. Daniel Alcock (Manchester Britain’s best gold personal best performances meant draws from around 70 countries, BUCS Team GBR Chef de Mission Metropolitan University) was awarded that 70% of the team equalled or medal haul of eight with approximately 4,000 athletes (Shenzhen, 2011) Graeme Maw goalkeeper of the tournament after his gold medals contesting 17 sports. bettered their entry rankings penalty shootout heroics against Brazil. performance Performance analysis Archery required to win a medal compared to OLY

In this section we consider the Archery been part of the Summer performance level required at World Methodology Universiade four times as an optional sport, University Games in comparison to and has seen some of the world’s best Olympic and Commonwealth Games This analysis looks at performances in the archers taking part; Olympic champions in order to medal or make the final. Olympic (OLY), Commonwealth (CWG) and Viktor RUBAN (UKR) and PARK Sung- The information will demonstrate that summer World University (WUGS) Games Hyung (KOR) are just two of many in most cases not only is the level over the past decade. Olympic medallists who first competed at of performance required at WUGS’s . The strength and success of 96.7% Sports included in the analysis focus on the higher than at the Commonwealth the Archery events have led to the recent Universiade ‘core sports’, but omit in this Games, in some cases it is very close change to make it a compulsory sport in first iteration the non-Commonwealth sports Universiades from 2019. to the Olympic standard. that did allow a comparison to be drawn : Football, Volleyball and Water Polo. Archery has consistently featured in WUGS, including individual and team events using For each sports event, the 3rd place finish both the recurve and compound bows. at OLY immediately preceding respective However, archery has only been in 1 CWG sport stats CWG or WUGS is taken as the benchmark () in the past decade, and only uses the n 100 men and 96 women archers for comparison: 3rd place (podium finish) is recurve bow in OLY. This analysis therefore competed in Shenzhen 2011 used as it is more likely to eliminate bias of the n The women’s recurve competition “superstar” effect at any given Games. 700 men’s recurve included three athletes in the Eighth place finished are taken as an indicator 690 world Top 10 n Archery is an optional sport at of depth, largely because many sports finals 680 have 8 competitors. It could be argued that the Universiade but will become the 8th qualifying performance should be 670 compulsory in 2019 used; however, this is frequently less readily n The Universiade includes 660 traceable than 8th in the final, so the latter has competition in both Recurve been used. 650 and Compound Score n Mary Zorn of the USA won In “match play” events – such as badminton, 640 basketball and table tennis – where absolute University titles in 2003 and 2004 scores do not exist, world rankings at the time 630 OLY3 whilst triple-World Champion of competition have been used to describe OLY8 2001-2003-2005 performance standards. So, the world ranking 620 WUG3 n Men’s Games Record 72 arrow WUG8 of the bronze medallist has been taken as the 610 recurve: 678/ World Record : 691 performance for 3rd, and the average of the CWG3 CWG8 n Women’s Games Record 72 ranking of the 2 lowest ranked losing quarter 600 Arrow recurve: 669/ World finalists has been taken as 8th (the average Record : 682 of these has been used rather than just the 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 lowest rank, in consideration of the probability Year that it would have been one or other of these focuses on the individual recurve events, 700 who finished 8th, but not definitely either). using scores from the ranking rounds as the women’s recurve benchmark. In general, it was considered that trends 680 On the whole, performance at the Olympic within a given sport would be replicated Games has increased over the last decade, between similar events in that sport, and so such that the men’s event in London saw a those events have been combined to create 660 new World Record. averages. For example, trends in men’s artistic gymnastics events were taken as the In the most recent cycle of WUGS and same between disciplines, and a combined 640 CWG, the men’s competitions provide

score presented in analysis. When this Score similar levels requiring performances of pattern was considered appropriate but 96.7% and 98.0% for a medal, and 95.1% scoring in events was significantly different 620 and 95.7% for 8th place; winning a medal OLY3 in either requires a performance close to an (e.g. times between various sprints in OLY8 athletics, or performances between various OLY final (98.3%). 600 WUG3 classes in weightlifting), performances have WUG8 On the women’s side, however, a WUGS been normalized as percentages of the OLY CWG3 medal required a performance of 95.6% of 3rd place. In many cases, trends appeared 580 CWG8 OLY, while CWG was only 92.0%, and 8th similar within sports, and so analysis has place showed a relative lack of depth in the been combined. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 CWG (90.6% and 84.6% respectively). Year performance athletics athletics required to win a medal compared to OLY sport stats sport stats n 771 men and 668 women Famous names to have competed competed in Shenzhen 2011, at the Universiade include : representing more than 100 n / / Shot countries Putt (Olympic Champion 2008 & n 183, 974 Athletics tickets were 2012) – Gold medal 2005 sold for the 42,000 capacity n / Russia/ 96.6% stadium in Shenzhen, with an Long Jump (Olympic Champion additional 58,000 viewing road 2004) – Gold medal 2001 running events n Liu Yiang/ China/ 110m Hurdles n Athletics is a Core sport at the (Olympic Champion 2004) – Gold Universiade medal 2001 n Roman Sebrle/ / (Olympic Champion 2004) – Gold medal 1997

Athletics’ FISU history started with its inclusion into the compulsory programme at the For many, athletics 1.02 first edition of the Summer Universiade in Turin in 1959. The Turin Universiade in 1970 is the staple of major multisport men’s jumps remains without doubt one of the most astonishing feats in Universiade history. With Games. This analysis takes data 1.00 a total of 98 national, 40 Universiade, 2 European and 2 World records, the athletics from the finals of all events that are events concluded beyond all expectations. Athletics remains one of the most popular consistently in each of the Olympics, 0.98 and mass sports, and presently the Universiade athletic programme comprises 31 WUGS and CWG, so discounts only disciplines, 26 of which are Olympic. the marathons and 50km walks (which 0.96 are not in WUGS). Events have been 1.02 womEn’s sprints grouped in to sprints (all track events 0.94 up to and including 400m, including 1.00 relays), middle distance (800/1500m), 0.92

distance (all longer events), jumps (inc Relative Performance OLY3 0.98 pole vault) and throws. 0.90 OLY8 WUG3 0.96 In general, the pattern of performances 0.88 WUG8 between WUGS and CWG might be CWG3 0.94 summarised as saying that on the CWG8 track the CWG tends to shade WUGS, 0.86

0.92 with medals in either approaching the 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Relative Performance standard of OLY finals; but in field OLY3 Year 0.90 OLY8 events WUGS is stronger than CWG, WUG3 sometimes by a good margin. More 1.05 specifically: 0.88 WUG8 men’s throws CWG3 In men’s sprints and distance events, CWG8 0.86 CWG performances are faster 1.00 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 than WUGS, perhaps reflecting the Year presence of the dominant nations in the world (Caribbean and African, 0.95 Relevant statistics (%), compared to 3rd at OLY, are as follows: respectively). OLY 3rd OLY 8th WUGS 3rd WUGS 8th CWG 3rd CWG 8th The same is true for women in middle Mens sprint 100 97.7 96.6 93.8 97.7 95.4 distance events, but more balanced for Mens middle distance 100 97.9 96.4 94.8 97.4 93.8 0.90 women in sprints and distance events. Mens distance 100 98.7 94.6 92.4 97.5 93.0 Relative Performance OLY3 Mens jumps 100 97.3 95.9 92.6 96.2 90.1 In the field, WUGS is consistently OLY8 Mens throws 100 96.0 92.6 87.0 90.9 83.2 stronger than CWG, except in men’s 0.85 WUG3 Womens sprint 100 96.9 95.6 92.3 95.9 92.7 jumps, again perhaps reflecting WUG8 Womens middle distance 100 97.7 95.5 93.5 97.5 96.1 the sprinting prowess previously CWG3 CWG8 Womens distance 100 98.5 93.0 89.5 94.6 88.1 described. In all cases, though, the 0.80 Womens jumps 100 95.8 93.5 89.1 91.2 87.5 field events fall below the standard of Womens throws 100 94.8 91.8 84.3 89.4 79.3 an OLY final. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year performance World Ranking required to required to Badminton Diving win a medal win a medal at WUG’s: 27 compared to OLY

sport stats n 88 men and 77 women As described in the introduction, competed at Shenzhen 2011, In 1961 diving became a compulsory world rankings have been used as representing 26 countries sport in the Summer Universiade the measure of players’ performance. programme. Great success from the n Badminton is an Optional sport However, world rankings are only beginning invited the best divers to at the Universiade 89.1% traceable from 2009; hence only compete. One of the world’s greatest Games since then have been analysed. divers, the USA’s , won 105 gold at the 1983 World University The Olympic Games are evidently the Badminton Games, a year before winning his first strongest of the 3 Games. It appears 90 Olympic gold. that in both men’s and women’s en’s

events, the strongest players take M The 3m springboard and 10m o part, such that averaged across the 75 en’s platform diving for both individuals and M w Beijing and London Games, and synchronized pairs are staples of the

across genders, the bronze medalist 60 en’s Olympic Games. While other diving events en’s M

M have appeared in both the WUGS and

ranked 4.8 in the world; the 8th place o en’s w calculation averaged 17th; and there M CWG, analysis is limited to these 4 events 45

were no obvious differences between en’s to ensure a consistent benchmark. M en’s

men’s and women’s profiles. Similarly, o M en’s 1.05 30 w sport stats Most Recent World Ranking there were not obvious differences M o in the strength of the men’s and en’s men’s diving en’s M n

w 76 men and 62 women en’s M o 1.00 women’s events in the WUGS or 15 M competed in Bangkok, w o CWG, with the Games themselves en’s representing 24 countries looking similar: Bronze at WUGS M w 0 0.95 averaged 27.3 compared to 28.5 at n Diving is a core sport at the Universiade CWG; 8th places averaged 72.3 and WUG3 WUG8 CWG3 CWG8 OLY3 OLY8 0.90 57.3, respectively. Event n In Shenzhen, 6 male and 5 female Divers in Shenzhen were ranked World Championship finishing position required to win a medal at WUG’s: 5 0.85 in the World Top 10 n The men’s 2006 World and Relative Performance OLY3 0.80 2008 Olympic Champions Lin Women’s sport stats OLY8 Yue and Huo Liang (China) n The men’s competition is a 24 WUG3 basketball 0.75 WUG8 took Gold in the 10m Synchro team tournament This analysis took a country’s finishing CWG3 at the Universiade in 2011 – as n The women’s competition is a 16 CWG8 did their female counterparts, position at the immediately preceding 0.70 FIBA World Championships as the team tournament 2008 Olympic and 2009 World performance indicator of their relevant n Basketball is a Core sport at the 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Champions and finishing position. Universiade Year . While it is understood that the teams representing countries in either WUGS 50 1.05

or CWG are probably not the same as Basketball en’s women’s diving In both men’s and women’s those countries’ teams at the Olympics M events, there is indication that the o 1.00 en’s

(e.g. due to age limits), the analysis still 40 M w CWG is a slightly higher standard gives an indicator of the strength of entry than WUGS. On the men’s side, 0.95 relating to countries’ basketball pathway. a WUGS medal requires 89.1% of In the Olympics, the bronze medalists an OLY medal, with 8th place at 30 had on average finished 5.7th in the 0.90 77.3%; the CWG equivalents are preceding World Championships, with the 92.0% and 78.9%. For women,

8th place having been 10.7th. At WUGS, en’s a WUGS medal requires 87.5%

M 0.85 20 en’s o en’s the equivalent statistics were 4.9th and M and 8th 75.3%, compared to w M en’s Relative Performance 11.5th, indicating that similarly top ranked en’s 87.5% and 78.1% at CWG. In both o M OLY3 en’s

M 0.80 w Games and across both genders, a

countries entered both WUGS and the en’s M o OLY8 en’s en’s M w Olympics. In contrast, in the CWG the 10 M medal would approximate making Most Recent World Champs Position

M WUG3 o o

w 0.75 statistics were 14.5th and 40th, indicating en’s WUG8 an OLY final (88.8%). For both w that the entry did not include prominent M CWG3 genders, performances at WUGS CWG8 were relatively in decline towards basketball countries (perhaps illustrating 0 0.70 why the sport has only appeared in the Belgrade 2009, but jumped CWG once in the past decade). WUG3 WUG8 CWG3 CWG8 OLY3 OLY8 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 upwards in Shenzhen 2011. Event Year World Ranking required to Fencing win a medal at WUG’s: 6 Case study: Gemma Gibbons

Fencing is one of the few sports competitors. Consistent with this, the In the summer of 2012 Gemma Gibbons that have featured at every modern countries who placed 3rd and 8th in became a household name. Her performances Olympic Games. With more than 300 WUGS averaged world rankings of 6th at the London Olympic Games drew the attention of the world and her story enchanted participating athletes, fencing is among and 11th (compared to 3rd and 9th for the hearts and minds of the Great British the most popular sports at the Summer the Olympics), showing that while not public. On her way to winning a celebrated Universiade and was one of the sports necessarily the same fencers, the top silver medal Gemma beat three of the world’s included at the first World University fencing countries take full part in WUGS. top 10 judokas and became Great Britain’s Games in Turin. first Olympic judo medallist for 12 years.

Across competitions, there appeared 0 Much work goes into becoming an Olympic to be no obviously different trends FENCING TEAM (AVERAGE) medallist and Gemma greatly values the between weapons or genders, so the 2 experience she gained at two World University analysis looks at overall averages for Games. Gemma, a BUCS National Champion in 2007, 2008 and 2009, represented Great individual and team competitions. With 4 fencing not appearing in the CWG, this Britain at World University Games in 2007, in Bangkok, finishing 7th and then again in is a straight comparison of the WUGS 6 Belgrade in 2009, this time bringing home a with the Olympics. bronze medal. There is no surprise that the Olympics 8 are considerably stronger than In Bangkok Gibbons defeated Kyong Sol from Korea and Nataliya Smal from Ukraine World Ranking 10 the WUGS, with individual bronze en-route to the semi-finals of the U70kg medalists averaging a world ranking category. Defeat in the semi-final to eventual of 5th, and a representative 8th 12 silver medallist Purevjargal Lkhamdegd from place averaging a ranking of 16th. In OLY3 Mongolia meant that Gemma’s medal hopes comparison, WUGS 3rd and 8th held 14 OLY8 would be determined in the repecharge average rankings of 59th and 100th. WUG3 against Linda Bolder of the Netherlands. What is encouraging is that in almost WUG8 16 “I was lucky enough to have the experience all cases, WUGS quarter finalists of competing in two World University Games, 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 held a world ranking, indicating that and in the latter, in 2009, I secured the bronze they were experienced international Year medal for Great Britain. This meant that having already competed in a senior international multi-sport event, I wasn’t overwhelmed when sport stats it came to competing at the Olympic Games. n 212 male and 154 female fencers London was my first Olympic Games, but it from 46 countries contested the wasn’t my first experience of being in a multi- competition in Shenzhen sport multi-country living environment, having n Fencing is a core sport at the meals in a hall bigger than a football pitch or Universiade being part of a massive team with one main goal of gaining as many medals for team GB n Famous names to have as possible. competed at the Universiade include (Foil; I believe my experiences at the World Italy), a five time Universiade University Games allowed me to enter my Champion and six time first Olympic Games with an understanding of what to expect from such a major event. I Olympic Champion was therefore able to focus on the job at hand and didn’t become distracted by everything going on around me, which was vital to my preparations and subsequently winning my silver Medal” performance Artistic gymnastics required to Shooting performance win a medal required to compared win a medal to OLY compared to OLY

Artistic gymnastics was added to the programme of the Summer Universiade in 1961 in , . Great Britain’s Beth Tweddle has participated in two World University Games, in 2005 in Izmir and in 2009 in Belgrade. At her two appearances 95.6% at World University Games Beth 99.5% won five medals including three gold medals making her one of the most decorated British athletes in WUG’s competition. Artistic gymnastics is a staple of all major Games and so provides a consistent and detailed data set. With the scoring system having changed at the start of 2006, the analysis focuses on performances 17 from the Commonwealth men’s Artistic Gymnastics Games onwards. When any evident anomalies have appeared for 8th 16 place scores (e.g. zero or more than 1 whole point below 7th) these have 15 been discarded and replaced by the 7th place score. sport stats 14 Shooting is one of the youngest sports n 235 male and 184 female Interestingly, in general, scores in in the history of FISU. In 2011, shooting shooters contested the artistic gymnastics seem to have Score was appointed as an optional sport for 13 competition in Shenzhen 2011 been declining over the last decade. the 26th Universiade in Shenzhen, China, Consistently, however, scores in for the third time in the history of FISU. n Sport Shooting is an Optional OLY3 12 sport at the Universiade WUGS have been higher than those OLY8 Shooting consistently appears in the in CWG, such that a summary would WUG3 Olympics and CWG, and was in the n Over 90% of the shooters in say that a medal at WUGS would 11 WUG8 WUGS in Bangkok 2007 and Shenzhen Shenzhen were members of almost make an OLY final, and CWG3 2011. A variety of events occur across their National teams 8th at WUGS would earn a CWG CWG8 10 these three Games, with this analysis medal. The respective percentages focusing on those that regularly appear in are 95.6% and 90.6% for 3rd and 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 the Olympics. For men these are 10m air 8th in men’s competition at WUGS Year pistol, 25m rapid fire pistol, 50m pistol, compared to 91.0% and 83.6% at 10m air rifle, 50m rifle prone, 50m rifle CWG; and 92.0% and 84.6% at 17 1.05 women’s Artistic Gymnastics 3 position, trap, double trap and skeet; shooting WUGS compared to 87.1% and for women they are 10m air pistol, 25m 77.9% at CWG for women. It is 16 pistol, 10m air rifle, 50m rifle 3 positions, evident that in both WUGS and CWG trap and skeet. There appeared to be 1.00 the standard of competition falls away 15 no different trends between weapons quicker in the women than men. or genders, so the analysis is combined 0.95 14 across the whole sport. Quite remarkably, performances at Score 13 WUGS come very close to those at the 0.90 sport stats Olympics, with bronze medal scores averaging 99.5% and 8th place scores Relative Performance 12 OLY3 OLY3 n 129 male and 48 female OLY8 averaging 96.8%, compared to 8th at OLY8 Gymnasts from 40 countries were WUG3 OLY being 96.0% of an OLY medal! 0.85 WUG3 represented in Shenzhen 2011 11 WUG8 In comparison, the CWG are relatively WUG8 n Gymnastics is a core sport at the CWG3 weak, averaging 91.5% and 85.9% for CWG3 CWG8 CWG8 Universiade, and also includes 10 3rd and 8th. Thus shooting is probably 0.80 Rhythmic Gymnastics the clearest indicator of the quality of 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 the WUGS. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year Year performance World Ranking required to Swimming required to Table tennis win a medal at WUG’s: 86 win a medal compared to OLY

Swimming is one of the staples of major Table tennis is the youngest a consistent difference between the 2 Games, with the Olympics generally compulsory sport in the programme events). In terms of depth, 8th in WUGS sport stats considered the pinnacle of the sport. Thus of the Summer Universiade but it has and CWG averaged 162nd and 297th, n 128 male and 93 female players it provides an excellent benchmark for a long history within the FISU World respectively, evidently showing that the competed in Shenzhen 2011 comparison of highly consistent data sets, University Championships. tournaments are far weaker than the n Table Tennis is a Core sport at for the purposes of this analysis looking at Olympics, but that the WUGS may have While both OLY and WUGS include the Universiade only pool events included in the Olympics. more strength in depth than CWG. individual and team table tennis There appeared to be no different trends 97.5% competitions, world rankings could between strokes or individual versus 350 only be traced for individual players relay events, so these were averaged by (COMBINED) rather than national teams. Hence Table tennis gender. No account has tried to be made this analysis only details individual 300 297.4 for changes in competition formats (e.g. competitions.The Olympic Games are heats, semis, finals) or technology (e.g. understandably the strongest of the 3 swim suits). 250 Games. It appears that in both men’s With the Olympics as the benchmark, it is and women’s events, the strongest clear that both the WUGS and CWG are of players take part, such that averaged 200 a very high standard. In men’s events, to across the Athens, Beijing and London 162.7 150 win a medal in WUGS and CWG requires 101 Games, and across genders, the bronze a performance averaging 97.4% and men’s swimming (average) medallist ranked 5.7 in the world; the 8th World Ranking 97.8% of an Olympic medal, respectively; place calculation averaged 27th showing 100 100 86 for women, the equivalent statistics are the variability present in table tennis 73 97.5% and 98.3%. The slightly higher 99 tournaments. In comparison, 3rd place 50 requirement for women’s medals at CWG across the last 3 WUGS averaged 86th in 27 98 may be indicative of the particular strength the world, and 3rd place across the last 5.7 of Australian women over the past decade, 2 CWG averaged 73rd (the latter statistic 0 who arguably have been world leaders. In 97 was perhaps skewed by a particularly all cases, these medalists would have been high ranking player medalling in the WUG3 WUG8 CWG3 CWG8 OLY3 OLY8 96 close to an OLY final (98.1%). Delhi Games, rather than necessarily Event Depth is slightly stronger at WUGS than 95

Relative Performance % OLY3 at CWG, particularly among the men: 8th 94 OLY8 place at WUGS requires 95.3% and 94.9% WUG3 of an OLY medal for men and women 93 WUG8 respectively, with the CWG equivalents CWG3

being 94.0% and 94.3%. The depth of 92 CWG8 WUGS most likely reflects the greater range of countries involved in the Universiade. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year

101 sport stats women’s swimming (average) 100 n 340 male and 255 female Swimmers competed in 99 Shenzhen 2011 n Swimming is a Core sport at the 98 Universiade 97 n Famous names to have competed at the Universiade 96 include (Germany) – 50 and 100m freestyle Olympic 95

Relative Performance % OLY3 Champion 2008 and Double 94 OLY8 Universiade gold-medallist 2007, WUG3 and Frederica Pellegrini 200m 93 WUG8 freestyle Olympic Champion CWG3 2008 and Double Universiade 92 CWG8 gold-medallist 2007. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year performance Weightlifting required to Summary of findings win a medal compared to OLY

Through this analysis, it is clear that the relative strength of competition between the University and Commonwealth Games is sport specific, with sports such as track athletics and swimming – where Commonwealth nations like 90.7% Australia, and the Caribbean and African countries dominate the Olympics – favoring the Commonwealth Games. However, highlighting such specificity, competition in athletics field events is considerably stronger in the University Games. Likewise, archery (particularly women’s), artistic gymnastics, basketball, shooting and weightlifting all showed higher performance standards in the Universiade than Commonwealths. Further, there were signs of more depth – not surprising considering the number of participating nations and athletes – in men’s swimming and table tennis. There are clearly strong arguments – sport stats around the scale, performance standard and experience of environment – to n 140 male and 76 female lifters factor the World University Games in from 34 countries competed in to the performance pathway of many Shenzhen 2011 sports, providing perhaps the closest n Weightlifting is an Optional sport analogy to the Olympics outside of at the Universiade the itself. Bringing together hundreds of athletes under the banner of Team GBR, competing against truly global competition, in grand stadia with In the past decade, weightlifting has relation to depth, 8th place in WUGS in an absolute sense, it required a tens of thousands of spectators, and only appeared in the most recent required performances of 83.9% and performance to place 8th at WUGS evidently at world class standard is WUGS in Shenzhen. There, it included 79.5% of an OLY medal, compared within 2-3kg either way of 3rd at CWG invaluable preparation. all of the Olympic categories, except to 73.0% and 68.3% in CWG. Indeed, for both men and women. the lightest for women (the 48kg For details of the Universiade and the opportunity as an NGB or class). Hence, this analysis looks at 1.05 the combined totals for men’s and student athlete to fully engage, women’s weightlifting please visit www.bucs.org.uk/kazan women’s weightlifting competitions 1.00 averaged across the 56, 62, 69, 77, 85, 94, 105 and +105kg classes for 0.95 men and the 53, 58, 63, 69, 75 and sport stats +75kg classes for women. 0.90 n Shooters need to hit 99.5% of Olympic medal performances to In its single appearance in the WUGS, 0.85 medal at WUGS, and swimmers the weightlifting competition was of 97.4% considerably higher standard than 0.80 any of the CWG events in the past n In Archery, Diving, Shooting, 0.75 Swimming and Weightlifting, decade. For example, medaling in Relative Performance OLY3 a WUGS medal performance WUGS required performances of OLY8 0.70 would make an Olympic Final 90.7% and 90.6% of Olympic medals WUG3 for men and women respectively, while n In 11 of 21 analyses, the 0.65 WUG8 in CWG the equivalents were 84.5% CWG3 performance standard of WUGS was stronger and/or deeper and 81.1%. For women especially, a 0.60 CWG8 medal in WUGS would have earned than CWGs them a place in the OLY final. In 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year Kazan 2013 Partner with BUCS

n Out of the 50 sports venues that will be used during the The World University Games showcases the best of student sporting talent with key Facts on the Universiade, 30 will be newly built Team GBR athletes representing a broad selection of BUCS Universities from Case Study: Xtep, across Great Britain. Through BUCS, organisations can enjoy working with this n The enormous volume of work carried out for the World University sporting talent and aligning themselves with dedicated student athletes including 2013 Summer preparation and holding of the 2013 Universiade allowed future Olympians. Games 2011 Universiade Kazan to bid for the hosting of other important world sporting events. As a result, Kazan will hold the FINA Xtep partnered with BUCS as the World Water Sports Championships in 2015 and the rsity Games official kit supplier for the 2011 Dates: July 6th to 17th, 2013 FIFA World Cup in 2018 World Unive World University Games Team GBR an, Russia. delegation. The games were very City: Kazan, Russian Federation n The budget for Kazan 2013 exceeds £3 billion – 2013, Kaz successful for Team GBR with over composed of an operational budget of £250 million and 70% of GB athletes exceeding their an infrastructure investment of £2.8 billion The games in numbers: personal performance aspirations, n Kazan is the capital of the Republic of . It n To be eligible, Great Britain athletes must hold a UK entry rankings or PB’s during is one of the largest economic, scientific and cultural passport, be between 17 and 28 years old, and be n 13,5 00 participants the 2011 WUGs with the games centres in the Russian Federation. Kazan has acquired studying at University (anywhere in the world) OR have representing the highlight of the the right to be officially called the “Third Capital” and graduated in the previous academic year n 170 countries season for many of the athletes. “Sports Capital” of Russia and is also known as the city Xtep provided the Team GBR n Team GBR’s mission is to provide the best opportunity  media of students for all participants to meet and exceed their performance n 1,500 accredited delegation with full leisure kit for the duration of the trip to Shenzhen n From July 6th to July 17th, 2013, more than 13,500 targets and aspirations at the Games of dedicated coverage on athletes and members of delegations from 170 countries n 60 hours for the 2011 games. The Team n BUCS vision is to enhance the student experience and Eurosport 2 GBR delegation was made up of as well as more than 1,500 media representatives are through sport Eurosport expected in Kazan 220 individuals representing 40 n 50,000 tourists universities or colleges in the UK. n About 100,000 tourists and fans from Russia and abroad For more information please contact Xtep enjoyed extensive host nation will visit Kazan for the Universiade and international media coverage Neil Rogers Head of International Programmes n 700,000 ticket sales (which was secured through BUCS n During the Universiade the FISU Conference on e [email protected] dedicated media officer) as well as “University and : two medals – one goal” t +44 (0)207 633 5089 n 20,000 volunteers will be held in Kazan from July 6th to 10th, 2013 leveraging their sponsorship through (£2.8bn) n 120bn rubles infrastructure budget Team GBR athlete appearances, sponsor events and brand exposure n  rubles operational budget (£250m) to over 10,000 participants from 10.5bn over 150 countries. n Predicted team GBR gender split (athletes) 57% female/ 43% male

BUCS Commercial current and previous partners include Mars, PwC, Lucozade, Xtep, Kukri, Red Bull and Nike.

For further information or to discuss the opportunities available with BUCS further please contact: Alex Scotcher Head of Commercial, Communications and Marketing e [email protected] t +44 (0)207 633 5080 The main stadium has capacity for 45,000 people and was designed by Populous, also responsible for Lou Allen designing Arsenal’s Emirates Stadium and the London Sponsorship Account Manager 2012 Olympic Stadium e [email protected] t +44 (0)207 633 5081 British Universities & Colleges Sport 20-24 King’s Bench Street, London SE1 0QX T: 020 7633 5080 F: 020 3268 2120 E: [email protected] www.bucs.org.uk