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Microbiology & Infectious Diseases MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol. 2.1 August 2021 emjreviews.com ECCMID 2021 EDITOR’S PICK Gross, Histopathological, and Ultrastructural Features in Patients with COVID-19: A Literature Review INTERVIEWS Nicola Rose and Sarah Caddy, two internationally renowned microbiology and infectious diseases experts, provide insights into the COVID-19 vaccination programmes and discuss their research interests and recent publications. Contents + EDITORIAL BOARD 4 + WELCOME 7 + FOREWORD 9 + CONGRESS REVIEW Review of the 31st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and 13 Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) 2021 + ABSTRACT REVIEWS Is the Delayed Antibiotic Prescribing Strategy Effective for Reducing 24 the Use of Antibiotics? Llor et al. Antibiotic Stewardship Attitudes and Beliefs Among Front-line Staff 26 Nurses: Impact of Virtual Education in the COVID-19 Era Polisetty et al. Be Conscious of Cryptococcus neoformans: Cryptococcal 28 Meningoencephalitis and Cryptococcaemia with Unfavourable Outcome in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis Ieronymaki et al. A Single-Centre Retrospective Study on the Impact of Reducing 29 Surgical Prophylaxis from 48 Hours to 24 Hours in Cardiovascular Surgery Lim et al. Evaluation of Vaccination Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 in 31 Healthcare Professionals Tsalidou et al. Direct Linkage Between the Prevalence of Known Common Extra- 33 intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Types in UK Sewage to Those Causing E. coli Urinary Tract Infections and Sepsis Mathias et al. 2 MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS • August 2021 EMJ “Summaries of stand-out poster presentations are included in this issue, covering topics such as the impact of inflammatory bowel disease on the risk of periprosthetic joint infection, the use of plasma-activated water to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria, and much more.” Spencer Gore, CEO Aspergillus Sensitisation in Patients with Severe Asthma 35 Kozlova et al. Do Infections Start in the Gut? Patients with Inflammatory Bowel 37 Disease Have a Higher Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Surgery Chisari et al. Plasma-Activated Water as a New Weapon Against Multidrug-Resistant 38 Bacteria Abdo et al. + INTERVIEWS Nicola Rose 40 Sarah Caddy 44 + ARTICLES Editor’s Pick: Gross, Histopathological, and Ultrastructural Features in 46 Patients with COVID-19: A Literature Review Hussain et al. The PPE Pandemic: Sex-Related Discrepancies of N95 Mask Fit 57 Christopher et al. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Trauma and Orthopaedic Service in 65 the Republic of Ireland Elbardesy Implications and Aspects of Lyme Neuroborreliosis 72 Riggle and Brissette Disseminated Phaeohyphomycotic Lymphadenitis with 80 Cladophialophora Species Moin et al. Cutaneous Mucormycosis of the Interscapular Region in an 85 Immunocompetent Patient Doshi et al. Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 August 2021 • MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS 3 Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Prof Rajeshwar Reddy Kasarla Universal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal Editorial Board Prof Zamberi Bin Sekawi Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Dr Ali Elbeddini University of Ottawa, Canada Dr Emilio Bouza Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Spain Dr Mohammed Nazish Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait Dr Muge Cevik University of St Andrews, UK Dr Hisham Elkhayat Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt Dr Oliver Grundmann University of Florida, USA Dr Smita Shevade Millennium Path Lab, India Dr Rahul Garg Banaras Hindu University, India Dr Poonam Gupta SUASTH Healthcare, India Dr Sanjay Bhattacharya Fakhruddin Medical College, India Dr Manisha Gupta Super Speciality Cancer Institute and Hospital, India VIEW IN FULL 4 MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS • August 2021 EMJ Aims and Scope We are always keen to hear from healthcare professionals wishing to discuss potential submissions, please email: EMJ is an online only, peer-reviewed, open access general [email protected] journal, targeted towards readers in the medical sciences. We aim to make all our articles accessible to readers from To submit a paper, use our online submission site: any medical discipline. www.editorialmanager.com/e-m-j EMJ allows healthcare professionals to stay abreast of Submission details can be found through our website: key advances and opinions across Europe. www.emjreviews.com/contributors/authors EMJ aims to support healthcare professionals in continuously developing their knowledge, effectiveness, Reprints and productivity. The editorial policy is designed to All articles included in EMJ are available as reprints encourage discussion among this peer group. (minimum order 1,000). Please contact Editor-in-Chief EMJ is published quarterly and comprises review articles, [email protected] if you would like to order reprints. Prof Rajeshwar Reddy Kasarla Universal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal case reports, practice guides, theoretical discussions, and original research. Distribution and Readership EMJ also publishes 16 therapeutic area journals, which EMJ is distributed through controlled circulation to Editorial Board provide concise coverage of salient developments at healthcare professionals in the relevant fields the leading European congresses. These are published across Europe. Prof Zamberi Bin Sekawi Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia annually, approximately 6 weeks after the relevant congress. Further details can be found on our website: Indexing and Availability Dr Ali Elbeddini University of Ottawa, Canada www.emjreviews.com EMJ is indexed on DOAJ, the Royal Society of Medicine, Dr Emilio Bouza Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Spain and Google Scholar®; selected articles are indexed in Editorial Expertise PubMed Central®. Dr Mohammed Nazish Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait EMJ is supported by various levels of expertise: EMJ is available through the websites of our leading Dr Muge Cevik University of St Andrews, UK • Guidance from an Editorial Board consisting of leading partners and collaborating societies. authorities from a wide variety of disciplines. EMJ journals are all available via our website: Dr Hisham Elkhayat Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt • Invited contributors are recognised authorities from www.emjreviews.com their respective fields. Dr Oliver Grundmann University of Florida, USA • Peer review, which is conducted by EMJ’s Peer Review Open Access Dr Smita Shevade Millennium Path Lab, India Panel as well as other experts appointed due to their knowledge of a specific topic. This is an open-access journal in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Dr Rahul Garg Banaras Hindu University, India • An experienced team of editors and technical editors. (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. Dr Poonam Gupta SUASTH Healthcare, India Peer Review Congress Notice Dr Sanjay Bhattacharya Fakhruddin Medical College, India On submission, all articles are assessed by the editorial Staff members attend medical congresses as reporters team to determine their suitability for the journal and when required. Dr Manisha Gupta Super Speciality Cancer Institute and Hospital, India appropriateness for peer review. Editorial staff, following consultation with either a This Publication member of the Editorial Board or the author(s) if EMJ Microbiology and Infectious Diseases is published necessary, identify three appropriate reviewers, who are once selected based on their specialist knowledge in the a year. For subscription details please visit: relevant area. www.emjreviews.com All peer review is double blind. All information obtained by European Medical Journal Following review, papers are either accepted without and each of the contributions from various sources is as modification, returned to the author(s) to incorporate current and accurate as possible. However, due to human required changes, or rejected. or mechanical errors, European Medical Journal and the contributors cannot guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, Editorial staff have final discretion over any or completeness of any information, and cannot be held proposed amendments. responsible for any errors or omissions. European Medical Journal is completely independent of the review event Submissions (ECCMID 2021) and the use of the organisations does not constitute endorsement or media partnership We welcome contributions from professionals, in any form whatsoever. consultants, academics, and industry leaders on relevant and topical subjects. Front cover and contents photograph: Vienna, Austria, home of ECCMID 2021. © jakobradlgruber / 123rf.com We seek papers with the most current, interesting, and relevant information in each therapeutic area and accept original research, review articles, case reports, and features. Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 August 2021 • MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS 5 EMJ Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 2.1 Chairman of Advisory Board Resourcer Prof Jonathan Sackier Nafia Kauser Chief Executive Officer Head of Operations Spencer Gore Keith Moule Chief Commercial Officer Operations Manager Daniel Healy Nikki Curtis Managing Director Operations Assistants Dan Scott Satkartar Chaggar, Emma Knight, April McCaffrey Executive Assistant Samantha Knights Editor Evgenia Koutsouki Head of Marketing Marc Koskela Editorial Managers Katherine Colvin, Anaya Malik Performance Manager Darren Brace Copy Editor Jaki Smith Senior Project Managers Kelly Byrne, Hayley Cooper, Nabihah Durrani, Editorial Assistants Millie McGowan, Max Roy Evan Kimber, Natasha Meunier-McVey, Janet Nzisa, Heeral Patel, Robin Stannard, Theo Wolf Client Services Manager Caleb Wright Editorial Administrator
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