HOW TO USE THIS PASSPORT Before you begin your journey, record your name and PASSPORT other vital facts on the first page of your passport. to the To find each planet station, use the map as your guide. After visiting each station, get your passport stamped at a nearby location as proof of your visit to each planet. If you are unable to get your passport stamped at one or more locations, you can get it stamped at the . (Passports downloaded from www. sciencenter.org do not qualify for free admission.) For school group reservations and group passport purchases call the Sciencenter at 607.272.0600.

AUDIO TOUR Learn more about the Solar System and the planets as you explore the ! This free tour is narrated by Bill Nye the Science Guy. Listen to the tour by phone at: 703.637.6237 Download the tour as a podcast from iTunes or: www.sciencenter.org/saganpw

PACE THE SPACE The Sagan Planet Walk is a model of our Solar System at one five-billionth (1/5,000,000,000) of the actual size. SAGAN PLANET WALK Starting with the Sun on the Commons in downtown Ithaca, this ¾ mile (1200 meter) walking tour leads to Sciencenter, Ithaca, NY the Sciencenter. Both the size of the planets and the distance between them are accurately scaled and displayed.

Introduction 1

The Sciencenter of Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. hereby requests all whom it may concern to permit the citizen of the Solar System named herein to pass without delay or hindrance and in case of need to give all lawful aid and protection.

NAME:

ADDRESS:

COUNTRY:

YOUR EARTH AGE:

TODAY’S EARTH DATE:

PEOPLE TRAVELING WITH YOU:

The text about the Solar System in this passport was written by . Portions consist of excerpted passages from: : Copyright ©1994 by ; : ©1980 by Carl Sagan Productions, Inc.; and : ©1985 by Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan. Portions ©1997 by Ann Druyan and the Signature of Bearer Estate of Carl Sagan. All rights reserved. NOT VALID UNTIL SIGNED

Identification Page Identification 2 SAGAN PLANET WALK PASSPORT to the SOLAR SYSTEM MAP

PASSPORT STAMPING SCIENCENTER LOCATIONS

PLUTO 7 Sun, Mercury, Venus, PLUTO Franklin St Jay St 13 Earth and Mars

Dey St

Willow Ave 1 M&T Bank The Commons Franklin St Customer Service Desk

NEPTUNE NEPTUNE Lewis St Auburn St Auburn 2 15 Steps Gallery 171 The Commons Adams St

1st St 6 Asteroids

2nd St 3 Tompkins Trust 3rd St Tompkins St Company Drive Thru Inside at the Teller Line

Lake Ave St Cayuga N 116 E Seneca St. Hancock St Jupiter and Saturn 4 The Cat’s Pajamas DeWitt Mall Yates St Madison St

Saturn and Uranus Utica St Utica 5 Kinney Drugs 4th St 513 N. Cayuga St.

Marshall St Monroe St Neptune

6 P&C Market N Plain St Plain N 212 Hancock St. Cascadilla St 5 URANUS URANUS Customer Service Desk

Farm St Pluto 7 Sciencenter Esty St 601 First St.

Cascadilla Ave St Tioga N If you are unable to get your passport stamped at one or more locations, you can get it stamped at the Sciencenter. AUDIO TOUR N Albany St Albany N Court St Learn more about the Solar System and N Green St Green N the planets as you explore the Sagan Planet Walk! This free tour is narrated by Bill Nye the Science Guy. SATURN SATURN Listen to the tour by phone at: Buffalo St 703.637.6237 Download the tour as a podcast from Seneca St iTunes or: JUPITER 4 www.sciencenter.org/saganpw JUPITER 3

ASTEROIDS St Albany S ASTEROIDS PACE THE SPACE MARS The Sagan Planet Walk is a model of

S Geneva St Geneva S State St MARS 1 EARTH our Solar System at one five-billionth

EARTH S Cayuga St Cayuga S (1/5,000,000,000) of the actual size. VENUS VENUS Starting with the Sun on the Commons in MERCURY SUN MERCURY downtown Ithaca, this ¾ mile (1200 meter) Green St walking tour leads to the Sciencenter. 2 State St Both the size of the planets and the THE COMMONS distance between them are accurately scaled and displayed. SUN 3 Traveler beware: Five-billion-year-old nuclear fusion reactor in operation! Think of the Sun’s heat on your upturned face on a cloudless summer day; think how dangerous it is to gaze at the Sun directly. From 150 million kilometers away, we recognize its power. What would we feel on its seething, self-luminous surface, or immersed in its heart of nuclear fire? And yet, our Sun is just an ordinary star, one of 400 billion in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is one of billions, perhaps hundreds of billions, of galaxies in the Universe. Someday, five or six billion years from now, when all the hydrogen fuel in its interior has been converted into helium, the Sun will begin to evolve into a Red Giant. Ruddy and bloated, it will envelop and devour the planets Mercury and Venus—and probably the Earth as well. The inner Solar System will then reside within the Sun.

Fun Facts THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS

LCOME TO T 109 TIMES BIGGER WE HE SU O THE SU N ME T N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER CO EL R = 1,392,000km THE CENTER W THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS SUN DIAMETE Sun O 109 TIMES BIGGER F THE CENTER O THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER UR TE M E M SOL AR SYS ST O R SY F OUR SOL A SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000k m MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS ME T ELCO O MER 2.6 TIMES SMALLER Sun C W 4UR O MERCU 5 Y ME T RY THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER CO = 4,980km EL R 58 MILLION W MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS MERCURY DIAMETE K I 2.6 TIMES SMALLER LO 58 MILLION N M N U ETE S U S THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER RS FRO THE E M K I TH LO M ROM ETERS F MERCURY DIAMETE VENUS’ DIAMETER IS R = 4,980km LCOME TO Hot days, cool nights 1.05 TIMES BIGGER E VE W NU VEN S ME TO US THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LCO Don’t packE light for a trip to the R = 12,360km W DIAMETE 108 MILLION VENUS’ DIAMETER IS VENUS K Sun’s nearest neighbor. I 1.05 TIMES BIGGER LO 108 MILLION N M N U ETE S U With daytime temperatures S usuallyTHAN EARTH’S peaking DIAMETER at nearly RS FROM THE K HE IL T 400 degreesO MCE TandS FplummetingROM at night to a nippy 150 ER VENUS DIAMETE EARTH’S DIAMETER IS degrees C below zero, we advise bringingR =both 12,360km your parka OME 3.7 TIMES BIGGER WELC TO EA RT and your swimsuit when TO EA youRTH travel to Mercury. While H OME THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER ELC = 12,742k m the weather mayW be a bit extreme (a little like Ithaca), we R 150 MILLION EARTH’S DIAMETER IS EARTH DIAMETE can guarantee that during your stay, time will seem to K I 3.7 TIMES BIGGER LO fly by: One year150 on MILLION Mercury is Nonly 88 Earth days long. M E U N THANS U THE MOON’S DIAMETER TERS E S E FROM TH K I TH LO M ROM Thought to be composedETERS F mostlyEARTH of DIAMETE magnetic iron, MARS’ DIAMETER IS R = 12,742k m Mercury is not much larger than our Moon and is 1.9 TIMES SMALLER ELCOME TO M W AR TO MARS S similarly scarred withOME impact craters from the cosmic THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC collisions of eons.W THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS R = 6,760km 228 MILLION MARS’ DIAMETER IS MARS DIAMETE 109 TIMES BIGGER K OME TO TH TO THE SU 1.9 TIMES SMALLER IL ELC E S ME 228N MILLION N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O W UN O M N LC S U 1,392,000km ETE S U E THANE EARTH’S DIAMETER R = RS FR THE W K H THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS OM IL M T SUN DIAMETE O M ETERS FRO THE LARGEST THE CENTER MARS DIAMETE109 TIMES BIGGER THE CENTER R = 6,760km ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT O M THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OME TO TFHE A TE ELC O STE M YS FunTH EFacts ASTERO 4 TIMES SMALLER W UR SRO YSTEO R S TO ID OILDAR S F OUR SOL A ME S THAN EARTH’S MOON THERE ARE S O SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000k m MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS LC = 932km E THE LARGEST R MILLIONS W THERE ARE DIAMETE ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT 2.6 TIMES SMALLERCERES OF ASTERIODSME TO M O MERCU I ELCO ERC ME T RY MILLIONS THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER N W UR O 4 TIMES SMALLER 4,980km OU Y LC OF ASTERIODS E M R = R SO TE M E ST LAR SYS W I THAN S EARTH’SY MERCURY’S MOON DIAMETER IS MERCURY DIAMETE N OUR SOLAR 58 MILLION 2.6 TIMES SMALLER MercuryJUPITER’S DIAMETER IS 58 MILLION N CERES DIAMETE K U R = 932km OMEI LTO S THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER 11.2 TIMES BIGGER ELC O M JUP N E JUP W ET ITE S UK I TH E TO ITER ERSR FROM THE LO M ROM OM THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ETERS F ELC MERCURY DIAMETE VENUS’ DIAMETER IS W R = 4,980km R = 142,600k m 778 MILLION JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS 1.05 TIMES BIGGERJUPITER DIAMETE K O VEN

Mercury U IL ELCOME TO VE6 ME T S77811.2 MILLION TIMES BIGGERN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER 7 O W NU LCO U M E U N S E S R = 12,360km TERS E S W K THAN EARTH’S HDIAMETERE DIAMETE FROM TH IL M T VENUS O M ETERS FRO VENUS’ DIAMETER IS SATURN’S DIAMETER IS 108 MILLION JUPITER DIAMETE1.05 TIMES BIGGER 108 MILLION N R = 142,600k m K U 9.5 TIMES BIGGER COME ITLO S THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER EL O SAT N K HE O SATUR W M E UR S U IL T ME T N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER TERSN THE O M FROM CO FROM ETERS EL EARTH’S DIAMETER IS = 120,600km W VENUS DIAMETE R = 12,360km R 1,430 MILLION SATURN’S DIAMETER IS 3.7 TIMES BIGGERSATURN DIAMETE

K O EART IL LCOME TO E ME T 9.51,430H TIMES MILLION BIGGER N THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER O WE ART LCO U ME N H E S R = 12,742k m TER E SU W K THAN EARTH’S DIAMETERHE S FROM TH IL M T EARTH DIAMETE OMETERS FREARTH’SO DIAMETER IS 150 MILLION SATURN DIAMETE URANUS’ DIAMETER IS 150 MILLION N 3.7R = 120,600km TIMES BIGGER K U 4 TIMES BIGGER OME TIOL S THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER ELC O URA N K HE TO URANU W M E NU S U IL M T ME S THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER TERS THE O M ETERS FRO CO FROM EL MARS’ DIAMETER IS R = 47,000km W EARTH DIAMETE R = 12,742k m URANUS DIAMETE 2,870 MILLION URANUS’ DIAMETER IS 1.9 TIMES SMALLER K M I ME ME TO AR2,870S MILLION N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LO ELCO TO MA CO 4 TIMES BIGGER U M W N RS EL S = 6,760km ET U W THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E R ERS HE S K I TH FROM T LO M ROM MARS DIAMETE ETERMARS’S F DIAMETER IS 228 MILLION URANUS DIAMETE NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS 1.9R = TIMES SMALLER 228 MILLION N 47,000km K S U 3.9 TIMES BIGGER OME TOIL E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC NOEP N K H TO NEPTUN W M ETU S U ILO M T ME E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER TENRE HE M ETERS FRO CO THE LARGEST S FROM T EL R = 44,600km W MARS DIAMETE R = 6,760km ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUTNEPTUNE DIAMETE 4,490 MILLION NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS K E ASTE 4 TIMES SMALLER O TH R4,490OID MILLION N IL ME TO THE AS E T3.9 TIMES BIGGERS U O LCO TER OM S THAN EARTH’S MOON M E E N OI C E TE W S U D EL THAN EARTH’SK DIAMETER TH R = 932km RS FROM THETHERE ARE S THERE ARE ILO M DIAMETE W M ETETHERS FLARGESTRO CERES PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS MILLIONS NEPTUNE DIAMETEASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT MILLIONS R = 44,600km OF ASTERIODS OF ASTERIODS 4 MTIMES SMALLER 5.5 TIMES SMALLER COME TOI TE WEL NP LU SYS E TO PLUTO OTUO E M I N AR THANC OEARTH’SM MOON THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER R SOLAR SYST OUR SOL EL W JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS R = 2,274k m CERES DIAMETE = PLUTO DIAMETE 5,900 MILLION PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS R 932km 11.2 TIMES BIGGER K TO JUPITER I ME TO ME 5,900 MILLION N L ELCO JUP 5.5LCO TIMES SMALLER U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O M W ITE E S E U N R W K HE R = 142,600k m TERS E S THAN EARTH’S DIAMETERIL T FROM TH O M FROM JUPITER DIAMETE JUPITER’SETE RDIAMETERS IS 778 MILLION PLUTO DIAMETE 778 MILLIONR = 2,274k m N K 11.2 TIMESS U BIGGER I E LO K H M U N ILO THANM T EARTH’S DIAMETER ETE E S M ETERS FRO RS FROM TH SATURN’S DIAMETER IS JUPITER DIAMETE R = 142,600k m 9.5 TIMES BIGGER O SATU ME T RN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LCOME TO SA CO E TUR EL = 120,600km W N W R SATURN DIAMETE SATURN’S DIAMETER IS 1,430 MILLION 1,430 MILLION N 9.5 TIMESU BIGGER K S I E LO K THAN EARTH’STH DIAMETER M U N ILO M ET E S M ETERS FRO ERS FROM TH URANUS’ DIAMETER IS SATURN DIAMETE = R 120,600km 4 TIMES BIGGER O URAN ME T US THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER COME TO UR CO EL AN EL = 47,000km W US W R URANUS DIAMETE URANUS’ DIAMETER IS 2,870 MILLION 2,870 MILLION N 4 TIMES BIGGERS U K E IL K THAN EARTH’STH DIAMETER O M N ILO OM ET S U M ETERS FR ERS FROM THE NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS URANUS DIAMETE R = 47,000km 3.9 TIMES BIGGER O NEPTUN ME T E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OME TO N CO ELC EPTU EL R = 44,600km W NE W NEPTUNE DIAMETE NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS 4,490 MILLION 4,490 MILLION N 3.9 TIMES BIGGERS U K E IL K I THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER TH O M N LO M ROM ET S U ETERS F ERS FROM THE PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS NEPTUNE DIAMETE R = 44,600km 5.5 TIMES SMALLER O PLUT ME T O THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LCO ELCOME TO PL E = 2,274k m W UTO W R PLUTO DIAMETE PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS 5,900 MILLION 5,900 MILLION N U 5.5 TIMES SMALLER S K K HE IL THANIL EARTH’S DIAMETER T O M N O M E FROM ET S U TERS ERS FROM THE PLUTO DIAMETE R = 2,274k m Acid rain on the horizon It’s always raining sulfuric acid on Venus, all over the planet, and not a drop ever reaches the surface. With searing heat, crushing pressures, noxious gases, and everything suffused in an eerie, reddish glow, Venus seems less the goddess of love than the incarnation of hell. It appears at least some places on the surface are strewn fields of jumbled, softened, irregular rocks—a hostile, E TO barrenLC landscapeOM THE relievedS only here and there by the eroded WE UN remnants of a derelict spacecraft from a distant planet,THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS 109 TIMES BIGGER utterlyTHE invisible CENTER through theTHE turgid, SUN’S cloudy,DIAMETER poisonous IS atmosphere. (Are you sure you want to go there?) THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O 109 TIMES BIGGER F M OUR YSTE THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000k m TO THE SUN SOL AR S ME The thick atmosphere moves sluggishlyR = 1,392,000km because it’s so CO EL SUN DIAMETE W dense. The winds are feeble at the surface. It may take ME TO M only aLC softO gustE RtoCU raise a cloud of fine particles, but in THE CENTER WE RY M that stifling inferno, a gust is hard to come by. MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS TE YS R S MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS 2.6 TIMES SMALLER O F OUR SOL A 58 MILLION THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K 2.6 TIMES SMALLER I L N O M S U Fun Facts E T H E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER MERCURY DIAMETE = TO MERCURY E RS FR O M T R = 4,980km R 4,980km ME CO EL MERCURY DIAMETE W LCOME TO VEN 58 MILLION N WE US S U VENUS’ DIAMETER IS E TH K I M VENUS’ DIAMETER IS 1.05 TIMES BIGGER LO M ETERS FRO 108 MILLION Venus THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K 1.05 TIMES BIGGER ILO N M S U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O VENUS ETE HE VENUS DIAMETE R = 12,360km ME T RS FROM T R = 12,360km CO DIAMETE EL VENUS W

E T Venus 8 LCOM O EA 9 108 MILLION WNE RTH S U EARTH’S DIAMETER IS E TH K I M EARTH’S DIAMETER IS LO M ETERS FRO 150 MILLION 3.7 TIMES BIGGER THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER K 3.7 TIMES BIGGER ILO N M S U THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER E TO EARTH ETE THE = 12,742kEARTH m DIAMETE R = 12,742k m OM RS FROM R ELC W The water planetEARTH DIAMETE COME TO M 150 MILLIONWEL N ARS S U E MARS’ DIAMETER IS ImagineTH you’re an extra-terrestrial, K I M MARS’THE DIAMETERSUN’S DIAMETER IS IS LO M ETERS FROviewing228 MILLION Earth from far, far away. 1.9 TIMES SMALLER 1.9 109TIMES TIMES SMALLERTHAN BIGGER EARTH’S DIAMETER K OME TO T I TO THE SUN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC HMEE LSO N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W CO AsO UMyouMNARS approach from S U space, your first impression of ELME T ETE THE R MARS=R 6,760km= 1,392,000km DIAMETE R = 6,760km WCO RS FROM EL Earth is white clouds, white polar caps,THE brownSUN’SMARSSUN DIAMETERDIAMETE continents,DIAMETE IS THEW CENTER THEand CENTER some bluish substance that covers109 two TIMES thirds BIGGER of O ME TO THNEEM AST THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER F 228 MILLIONtheC Osurface.UT ERO O EL M YSS ID THE LARGEST UR O F WSTE AR ES S SOL A RO SUYR SOL TTHEREH ARE THE LARGEST K M SUN DIAMETE =MERCURY’S ASTEROID DIAMETER CERES IS IS ABOUT ILO M Any FRO sign of intelligent life? Not from out here.R Not1,392,000k m ETERS MILLIONS ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT visually, at least. There are radio signals. (But2.6 whether TIMES4 TIMES SMALLER SMALLER OF ASTERIODSE 4 TIMES SMALLER OME TO M E TO M RCURY THAN EARTH’STHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER MOON ELC ERCOI NM ASTE W LCtheyU RT HOE are intelligentROID E M or not is open to debate.) You’llTHAN EARTH’S MOONR = 4,980km E TO Y UR S SYST 932km WME SOLAR R = O have to get closer. At 100-meter resolution,MERCURY’S everything DIAMETER MERCURYDIAMETE CERES ISDIAMETE DIAMETE R = 932km LC CERES E THERE ARE 58 MILLIONW 58changes. MILLION The planetN is revealed to be2.6 covered TIMES withSMALLER K ME TO J S U IL MILLIONSstraightELCO lines,U Psquares,IT rectangles, circlesTHAN EARTH’S and DIAMETER O M K W N HME ER ET ILOOF ASTERIODS S U MT TE ERS FROM TMHE TERS FROYS JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS checkerboards.R S MERCURY DIAMETE VENUS’ DIAMETER IS I N OUR SOLA RJUPITER’S = 4,980km DIAMETER IS 778 MILLION 11.2 TIMES BIGGER A more thorough examination reveals a tiny world11.21.05 TIMES TIMES BIGGER BIGGER K VEN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ME T I E TO US N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELCO O VE LO OM JUPIT U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W NcomposedU MLC E TO of rocks,ER S minerals, liquid water, oxygen, carbon 12,360km SOE METE THE R =R 142,600k = m LWC RS FROM JUPITERDIAMETE DIAMETE R = 142,600k m Edioxide, methane, and other gases, gracedVENUS’ DIAMETERby a stunning VENUSIS 108 MILLIONW JUPITER DIAMETE diversity108 MILLION of exquisitelyN interconnected1.05 life TIMES forms. BIGGER K TO NU I 778 CMILLIONOME SATU U S THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LO K ELN HSREN M I L WU TE ETE E OSM R O MTH Fun Facts SATURN’S DIAMETER IS RS FROMK ITH E T E RS F M EARTH’S DIAMETER IS LO M FRO VENUS DIAMETE SATURN’S DIAMETER IS ETERS R = 12,360km9.5 TIMES BIGGER 1,430 MILLION 9.53.7 TIMES TIMES BIGGER BIGGER K TO EART THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OME TO I L ME H N THANTHAN THEEARTH’S MOON’S DIAMETER DIAMETER ELC EAR O LCO TO SATURN U W TH M E E ME E S R =R 120,600km = 12,742k m WCTOE RS F M T H SATURN DIAMETE R = 120,600km EL R O EARTH DIAMETE W EARTH’S DIAMETER ISSATURN DIAMETE Earth 150 MILLION 150 MILLION N 3.7 TIMES BIGGER K NU I 1,430OME TMILLIONO URA US LO KELC NU H ES THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER M WUINL TSE ET KS O M ROM T H ERS FROM THE I L ETERS F M URANUS’MARS’ DIAMETER DIAMETER IS IS O M E T E RS FR O EARTH DIAMETE URANUS’ DIAMETER IS R = 12,742k m 4 TIMES BIGGER 2,870 MILLION 1.94 TIMES TIMES BIGGER SMALLER Earth 10 11 K E TO MARS THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER I M URANN THANTHAN EARTH’S EARTH’S DIAMETER DIAMETER ELCOME TO M LO LCOE TO U US = 47,000km W ARS M E M S RR = 6,760km ETERWCO THE URANUS DIAMETE = ELS FROM URANUSMARS DIAMETEDIAMETER 47,000km W MARS’ DIAMETER IS 228 MILLION 228 MILLION N 1.9 TIMES SMALLER UN K 2,870 MILLION SU I OME TO NEP ES THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LO ENLCK TUN THE M WU ILO OEMT H THE LARGEST ETER HE S K I M ETERS FR M NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS S FROM T LO M ETERS FRO NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS MARS DIAMETE R = 6,760km ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT 4,490 MILLION 3.9 TIMES3.9 BIGGERTIMES BIGGER 4 TIMES SMALLER K THE ASTEROI THAN EARTH’STHAN DIAMETER EARTH’S DIAMETER E TO THE I E TO NEPTUN DS OM AST LO M E TO U N E THAN EARTH’SR =MOON 44,600km ELC ERO M CO OM S W ID ETE EL LC THE NEPTUNE DIAMETE R = 932km S RS FRE OM THERE ARE NEPTUNER = 44,600kmDIAMETEDIAMETE THERE ARE WW THE LARGEST CERES MILLIONS MILLIONS ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT N OF ASTERIODS 4,490OF ASTERIODS MILLIONE MU 4 TIMES SMALLER LCOME TO PLU ST S I N WE TO SY E O M K I N O LAR TH THAN EARTH’S MOON UR S STE IL UR SO M PLUTO’S DIAMETERPLUTO’S IS DIAMETER IS OLAR SY O M ETERS FRO JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS CERES DIAMETE 5.5 TIMES SMALLER 5,900 MILLION R = 932km 11.25.5 TIMES TIMES SMALLER BIGGER E TO JUPITER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K OM O PLUTO THANTHAN EARTH’SEARTH’S DIAMETERDIAMETER LCOME TO JU IL LC MEN T = 2,274k m WE PITE O E O U R R M E W ELCE S R = 142,600k m TERS F M TH PLUTO DIAMETE R = PLUTO2,274k mDIAMETE RO W JUPITER DIAMETE JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS 778 MILLION 778 MILLION N U N K 5,900 MILLION S U11.2 TIMES BIGGER I E S LO K I TH E M U N LO M OM TH THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ETE E S K I ETERS FR M RS FROM TH LO M ETERS FRO SATURN’S DIAMETER IS JUPITER DIAMETE R = 142,600k m 9.5 TIMES BIGGER O SATU ME T RN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OME TO CO ELC SATU EL = 120,600km W RN W R SATURN DIAMETE SATURN’S DIAMETER IS

1,430 MILLION 1,430 MILLION N 9.5S U TIMES BIGGER K E I L K I T H THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O M N L O O M E T S U M E T E RS FR E RS FR O M T H E URANUS’ DIAMETER IS SATURN DIAMETE R = 120,600km 4 TIMES BIGGER O URAN ME T US THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OME TO U CO ELC RAN EL R = 47,000km W US W URANUS DIAMETE URANUS’ DIAMETER IS 2,870 MILLION 2,870 MILLION N U 4 TIMES S BIGGER K K HE IL IL THAN T EARTH’S DIAMETER O M N O M FROM ET S U ETERS ERS FROM THE NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS URANUS DIAMETE R = 47,000km 3.9 TIMES BIGGER O NEPTUN ME T E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E TO CO LCOM NEPT EL R = 44,600km WE UN W E NEPTUNE DIAMETE NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS 4,490 MILLION 4,490 MILLION N U 3.9 TIMES S BIGGER K K HE IL IL THANM EARTH’ST DIAMETER O M N O M ETERS FRO ET S U ERS FROM THE PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS NEPTUNE DIAMETE R = 44,600km 5.5 TIMES SMALLER TO PLUTO OME THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC ELCOME TO PL R = 2,274k m W UTO W PLUTO DIAMETE PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS 5,900 MILLION 5,900 MILLION N S U 5.5 TIMES ESMALLER K K TH IL ILO THAN EARTH’SM DIAMETER O M N M ETERS FRO ET S U ERS FROM THE PLUTO DIAMETE R = 2,274k m LCOME T WE O TH E S UN THE CENTERTHE SUN’S DIAMETER IS 109 TIMES BIGGER E TO THE SUN O OM The nextF tourist attraction? THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS LC O THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E UR W SOL E M 109 TIMES BIGGER The forecast is for coldAR Stemperatures,YST R = 1,392,000km global SUN DIAMETE THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER THE CENTER sandstorms, and a chance of humanity landing. M LCOME TE WE TO M SUN DIAMETE O YS ER F O AR S CU R = 1,392,000k m UR SOL Although it is sometimes as warmRY as an Ithaca October, Mars is a chilly58 place, MILLION so coldMERCURY’S that some DIAMETER of itsIS thin K MERC carbon dioxideIL atmosphere2.6 freezes TIMES out SMALLER as dry ice at the ME TO URY O MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS CO M EL winter pole. ETE THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W RS U N FROM THE S R = 4,980km 2.6 TIMES SMALLER MERCURY DIAMETE THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER 58 MILLION Still, this world of wonders has plenty to offer spacefaring N U ELCOME MERCURY DIAMETE K E S tourists. IntoW mountainTO V climbing? How about a trek ILO TH EN M ETERS FROM up Olympus Mons? At a heightUS of 25 kilometers R = 4,980km (15 miles!), 108this volcanoMILLION is two VENUS’and a DIAMETER half times IS taller K I TO VEN than Mt.L OEverest. The great 1.055,000 TIMES kilometer-long BIGGER rift OME US M VENUS’ DIAMETER IS LC E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E TER N W valley known toS earthlingsFR S U as the Vallis Marineris 1.05 TIMES BIGGER OM THE R = 12,360km makes our Grand Canyon seem,VENUS well DIAMETE … less … grand. And 108 MILLION THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER Nwhen you get there, don’t forget to visit the Carl Sagan S U WELCOME TO VENUS K E EA DIAMETE ILO TH Memorial Station, headquartersRT for the plucky robotic R = M ETERS FROM H 12,360km rover Sojourner150 MILLION. EARTH’S DIAMETER IS K I TO EAR LO 3.7 TIMES BIGGER OME TH M EARTH’S DIAMETER IS ELC ET Fun Facts W ER N THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER S FRO E S U 3.7 TIMES BIGGER M TH R = 12,742k m EARTH DIAMETE THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER 150 MILLION N U WELCOME T EARTH DIAMETE K E S O M ILO TH AR R = M ETERS FROM S 12,742k m 228 MILLION MARS’ DIAMETER IS ME TO K ME TO TH Mars ELCO THEI LCO E SU THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS W O M LSEOU N 1.9 TIMES SMALLER OME T ARS W MN MARS’ DIAMETER IS ELC ET W ERS N THAN EARTH’STHE SUN’S DIAMETER DIAMETER109 IS TIMES BIGGER FROM THE S U 1.9 TIMES SMALLER THE CENTERTHE CENTER R = 6,760kmTHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER MARS 109DIAMETE TIMES BIGGERTHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER

228 MILLION THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O F O N E T M SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000km O LUFC OM O THE TE MARS DIAMETE Mars E OE S K UR S 12W SYST UR SOL ARA SSYT 13 I OL ARH ES ER R LO M T O SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000k m = 6,760km M ETERS FRO THERE ARE ID MILLIONS S THE LARGEST ME TO OF ASTERIODSE TO ME ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT LCO MEI RC COM RCU MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS WE THE ASTENR UEL RY E TO O WOIDRY 4 TIMES SMALLER THE LARGEST M USR ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT CO SO MERCURY’S DIAMETER2.6 ISTIMES SMALLER EL LAR SYSTE M THAN EARTH’S MOON W 58THERE MILLION ARE 4 THANTIMES EARTH’S SMALLER DIAMETER 58 MILLION 2.6 TIMES RSMALLER = 932km CERES DIAMETE K MILLIONSK THAN EARTH’S MOON IL I N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER R = 4,980km O M OF ASTERIODSWLookELLOCOMEN TO out! S U Look out! MERCURY DIAMETE E M MSEU JU HE TERS THTEE TERS FRPOI M T CERES I N FROMSYS TE DIAMETE OU LAR R MERCURY DIAMETE R = R SO 778Big MILLIONrocks ahead! Asteroids are smaller than4,980km R = 932km K planets, but still huge comparedJUPITER’S to you! DIAMETER IS OME TILO ME TO VE ELC O VEN ELCO NU VENUS’ DIAMETER IS W ME TOM JUPUITSWER S 11.2 TIMES BIGGER LCO ETE JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS E YouRS are in a partU N of the Sun’s neighborhood where traffic1.05 TIMES BIGGER W FROM THE S VENUS’THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER11.2 DIAMETER ISTIMES BIGGER 108 MILLIONis particularly108 MILLION heavy. Here, in between the orbitsR =of 142,600k THANMars mEARTH’S DIAMETER 1.05 TIMESTHAN BIGGER EARTH’S DIAMETER K 778 MILLION JUPITER DIAMETE I andK Jupiter,N are hundredsN of thousandsTHAN of EARTH’S tiny rockyDIAMETER LO ELCOIML E TON U VENUS DIAMETE R = 12,360km M W O U S USA S JUPITER DIAMETE K ET E SMEE TU THE IL ERS FROM Tworlds,H TH TE leftRS FR RoverOM from the formation of the Solar System. O M OM N VENUS R = 142,600k m ETER1,430S FR MILLION DIAMETE R = 12,360km Why didn’t they collide with each other to form planets K SATURN’S DIAMETER IS IL ELCOMEO TO EA the wayLCO soME manyTO EAR Tother little worlds did? We think it’s W M E TOR TSHATWUERN H 9.5 TIMESSATURN’S BIGGER DIAMETEREARTH’S DIAMETERIS IS CO ETE EL RbecauseS of Jupiter’sU N massive gravitationalTHAN hold EARTH’S on them. DIAMETER W FROM THE S EARTH’S DIAMETER9.5 TIMES IS3.7 BIGGER TIMES BIGGER = 120,600km 150 MILLIONWith Jupiter orbiting just outside this lane of asteroids,RTHAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER 150 MILLION 3.7 TIMESSATURNTHAN DIAMETE BIGGER EARTH’S DIAMETER K 1,430 MILLIONitsK gravitation pull keeps them from getting together. If IL ELCOME TIO N N THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER R = 12,742k m O M W LO UNR S U S U SATURN DIAMETEEARTH DIAMETE EK S UM AE HE TIELRS THyouE shouldTHETNEURS F wantROM T to visit one of them, remember to bringR = O MFROM OM S 120,600km 2,870ETERS FMILLIONplentyR of oxygen. Asteroids don’t haveEARTH atmospheres. DIAMETE R = 12,742k m K URANUS’ DIAMETER IS IL E TO ELCOOME TO M UR LCOM MAR 4 TIMES BIGGER W M MAER TSO WAENUS S URANUS’ DIAMETERMARS’ IS DIAMETER IS ETCE O EL RS F S U N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W ROM THE MARS’ DIAMETER4 TIMES IS BIGGER1.9 TIMES SMALLER 228 MILLION R = 47,000km Asteroids come in many 228 MILLION 1.9 TIMESTHANURANUS SMALLEREARTH’S DIAMETE DIAMETERTHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER

K 2,870 KMILLION shapes and sizes IL ELCOME TO I N N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER R = 6,760km O M W NELPON S U S U URANUS DIAMETE MARS DIAMETE ET K S UTUM E E HE Fun Facts ERS IFL THE N TEHRS FROM T R = 47,000km ROOMME ROME 4,490 MILLIONTERS F MARS DIAMETE R = 6,760km K NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS I LOE TO THE TO THE AS OM M ASTE O NEMPET TERO NEPTUNE’S3.9 DIAMETER TIMES ISBIGGER THE LARGEST ELC E RMOE T LCO UNE ID W TER CO ID E N S ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT S FERL WS S U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER THERE AREW OM THE THERE ARE THE3.9 LARGEST TIMES BIGGER 4 TIMES = 44,600km SMALLER ASTEROIDTHAN CERES EARTH’S IS ABOUT DIAMETER R MILLIONS MILLIONS NEPTUNE DIAMETE Asteroids OF ASTERIODS4,490 MILLIONOF ASTERIODS 4 TIMES SMALLER THAN EARTH’S MOON ELCOME N I N W TO I U NEPTUNE DIAMETE O PLU N S E M THAN EARTH’S MOON = UR K E MTO OU E YST CERES DIAMETE R 932km SOLARIL OSYST R TSHOLAR S R = 44,600km 5,900 MILLIONM ETERS FROM CERES DIAMETE R = 932km K PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS I LO OME TO ME TO JU LMC Asteroids JUP CO PIT WE E 14ITE ME ETLO PLUTO ER PLUTO’S DIAMETER5.5 TIMES IS SMALLER 15 TER RLCO NW JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS S FRO E E S U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M WTH 5.5 TIMES SMALLER JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS 11.2 TIMES= 2,274k m BIGGER 778 MILLION THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER R 778 MILLION PLUTO DIAMETETHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K 11.2 TIMES BIGGER 5,900K MILLION IL I N N O M N LO U S U THANPLUTO EARTH’S DIAMETE DIAMETER = ET K S U M E S HE JUPITER DIAMETE R 142,600k m ERS F TIHL E ETERST FHROM T R = 2,274k m ROM O M OM ETERS FR JUPITER DIAMETE R = 142,600k m

OME TO S ME TO SAT ELC ATU LCO URN W RN WE SATURN’S DIAMETER IS SATURN’S DIAMETER IS 9.5 TIMES BIGGER 1,430 MILLION 1,430 MILLION 9.5 TIMES BIGGER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K K IL I N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O M N LO S U SATURN DIAMETE R = 120,600km ET S U M HE ERS FROM THE ETERS FROM T SATURN DIAMETE R = 120,600km

OME TO U E TO UR ELC RAN LCOM ANU W US WE S URANUS’ DIAMETER IS 4 TIMES BIGGER 2,870 MILLION URANUS’ DIAMETER IS 2,870 MILLION 4 TIMES BIGGER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K IL K N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O M N ILO S U URANUS DIAMETE R = 47,000km ET S U M E ERS FROM THE ETERS FROM TH URANUS DIAMETE R = 47,000km

LCOME TO NEP OME TO NEPTU E TU ELC N NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS W NE W E 3.9 TIMES BIGGER 4,490 MILLION NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS 4,490 MILLION 3.9 TIMES BIGGER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K IL K N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O M N ILO S U NEPTUNE DIAMETE R = 44,600km ET S U M E ERS FROM THE ETERS FROM TH NEPTUNE DIAMETE R = 44,600km

E ELCOM TO PLU LCOME TO PLUT W TO WE O PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS 5.5 TIMES SMALLER 5,900 MILLION PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS 5,900 MILLION 5.5 TIMES SMALLER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER K IL K N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O M N ILO S U PLUTO DIAMETE R = 2,274k m ET S U M E ERS FROM THE ETERS FROM TH PLUTO DIAMETE R = 2,274k m THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS 109 TIMES BIGGER LCOME TO THE WE E TO THE SUN SU THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OM N LC 1,392,000km E THE SUN’SR = DIAMETER IS W SUN DIAMETE THE CENTER 109 TIMES BIGGER THE CENTER O THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER F E M OUR ST TE M O SOL AR S SYYS F OU SOL AR SUN DIAMETE = R MERCURY’SR DIAMETER1,392,000k IS m 2.6 TIMES SMALLER OME TO ME ELC E TO MERRCCUURY THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W OM RY LC R = 4,980km E MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS W MERCURY DIAMETE 58 MILLION 2.6 TIMES SMALLER K I 58 MILLION N LO U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M U NS K ET SHE IL ERS FR M THE T O M O ROM MERCURY DIAMETE ETERS F VENUS’ DIAMETERR = 4,980km IS 1.05 TIMES BIGGER COME TO V VEN WEL ME ETNO US THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER CO US EL R = 12,360km W DIAMETE VENUS’VENUS DIAMETER IS 108 MILLION 1.05 TIMES BIGGER K 108 MILLION N I LO S U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M TheU N giantE planet ETK S H EIRLSO FROM THE M T M ETERS FRO VENUS The star that failed. DIAMETEEARTH’SR = 12,360km DIAMETER IS 3.7 TIMES BIGGER ELCOME TO EAsA theE TO SolarEARTH System condensed out of the interstellar gas W ORMTH THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER ELC = 12,742k m W and dust, Jupiter acquired most of the matter that was R EARTH’S DIAMETEREARTH DIAMETE IS 150 MILLIONnot ejected into interstellar space and3.7 did TIMES not fall BIGGER inward K 150 MILLION N I to form the Sun.U That was a lot of stuff—soTHAN THE MOON’S much DIAMETERthat LO N S M E K S U HE TERS IL itTH resultedE M Tin a planet more than twice as massive as all FROOMM ETERS FRO the other planets of the Solar SystemEARTH put DIAMETE together.R = 12,742kMARS’ m DIAMETER IS 1.9 TIMES SMALLER LCOME TO TO MARS WE MHowever,AR OME had this giant planet been even larger,THAN say EARTH’S DIAMETER ELSC Wtwelve times larger, the matter in its interior would have R = 6,760km MARS’ DIAMETERMARS IS DIAMETE 228 MILLIONundergone thermonuclear reactions,1.9 and TIMES Jupiter SMALLER would K 228 MILLION N I have begun to shineU by its own light.THAN Even EARTH’S so, its DIAMETER interior LO N S M K U COME TOHE THE S ETER ILtemperaturesE S EL M T are highUN enough to generate twice as much S FROM TOHM ETEWRS FRO THETHE LARGESTSUN’S DIAMETER IS MARS DIAMETE R = 6,760km energy as the planet receivesTHE SUN’S from DIAMETER the IS Sun. ASTEROID109 CERES TIMES IS ABOUT BIGGER THE CENTER E TO THE SU 109 TIMES BIGGER 4 TIMESTHAN EARTH’S SMALLER DIAMETER OM NME TO THE AS O THE ASTEROI ELC LCO TER E T DS W E O OMO THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER THAN EARTH’S MOON W CID F E M SUN DIAMETER = 1,392,000km THERE ARE EL S OU YST THE LARGEST R = 932km THERER SAREOL AR S R = 1,392,000km DIAMETE W SUN DIAMETE ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUTCERES THE CENTERMILLIONS MILLIONS OF ASTERIODS 4 TIMES SMALLER E M OF ASTERIODS M I N ST TE O F S YO OME TO MSER THAN EARTH’S MOON OUR SOL AR UR TE MI N LC R SY CUR Fun Facts SOLAR SYS OWUE R SOLA Y MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS CERES DIAMETE MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS R = 932km 2.6 TIMES SMALLER 58 MILLION 11.2 TIMES BIGGER E TO MERCU JUPIT 2.6 TIMES SMALLER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OM LCORMY E TO JU ME TO ER LC WE PITE K CO THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E R IL EL NTHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W WO M S U MERCURY DIAMETER =R 142,600k= 4,980km m ETE THE = 4,980km RS FROM JUPITER’SR DIAMETER IS JUPITER DIAMETE 58 MILLION778 MILLION MERCURY DIAMETE N 778 MILLION N Jupiter K 11.2 TIMES BIGGER I S U S U K LO E E ILO M TH UKN ME TO V TH THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M ETE FROMET E S ILO ELCO ME NU RS ERS FROM TH WM ETERS FRO S VENUS’ DIAMETER IS JUPITER DIAMETE SATURN’S DIAMETER IS VENUS’ DIAMETER IS R = 142,600k m 1.05 TIMES BIGGER 108 MILLION 9.5 TIMES BIGGER ME TO VENUE S E TO SATURN 1.05 TIMES BIGGER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LCO LCOM TO SAT OM THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E E Jupiter 16U K C 17 W W RN I EL N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER = 120,600km LO W U R M E E S VENUS DIAMETER = 12,360km TERS FROM TH SATURN’SR = 12,360km DIAMETER IS SATURN DIAMETE 108 MILLION1,430 MILLION VENUS DIAMETE N 1,430 MILLION N 9.5 TIMES BIGGER K U S U K IL S E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER IL O M THE N K TH O M E EOT M S U ILOLCOME TO EARM TERS FR ERS FROM THE WE M ETERS FRO TH EARTH’SURANUS’ DIAMETER DIAMETER IS IS SATURN DIAMETE R = 120,600km EARTH’S DIAMETER IS 3.7 TIMES4 TIMES BIGGER BIGGER E TO EART 150 MILLION TO URANU 3.7 TIMES BIGGER THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER COM COME TOH UR Think theME IthacaS THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER EL EL AN K CO W W US I EL N THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER R = 47,000km LO W U M E S EARTH DIAMETER = 12,742k m ETERS FROM TH URANUS’R = 12,742kDIAMETER m IS URANUS DIAMETE 1502,870 MILLION MILLIONwinter is long?EARTH DIAMETE 2,870 MILLION N N U 4 TIMES BIGGER K U S K IL E S Try hitching a ride on ESaturnTHAN for EARTH’S one DIAMETER of its ILO O M TH N K I TH M E ET OM S U LCLOOME TO MA OM TERS EFRS FROM THE WE M ETERS FRRS thirty-year-long trips around the Sun. MARS’ DIAMETERNEPTUNE’S IS DIAMETER IS URANUS DIAMETE R = 47,000km MARS’ DIAMETER IS 1.9 TIMES SMALLER We know, we know: You know about the rings. But what 3.9 TIMES BIGGER ME TO MARS 228 MILLIONE TO NEPTUNE1.9 TIMES SMALLER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LCOCOME TO NEP OM THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E EL TU aboutK Saturn’sL Clargest moon, Titan? Titan is a world, WW N I E N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER R = 44,600km E LO W U M E S MARS DIAMETENEPTUNER = 6,760km DIAMETE midwayE inTER sizeS FRO betweenM TH the MoonNEPTUNE’S and Mars, RDIAMETER = 6,760km where IS the 4,490 MILLION MARS DIAMETE 228 MILLION N Nupper air is rippling4,490 MILLIONwith electricity,3.9 TIMES streaming BIGGER in from K U S U K I S E IL LO HE theN archetypicalK ringed planetTH nextTHAN EARTH’Sdoor, where DIAMETER the O MM E M T S U E TOI LTOHE AST M ETTEERRS FRO HE OM M ETEERRSO FRO THE LARGEST S FROM T perpetualELC brown overcastID is tinged with an odd burnt PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS W S NEPTUNETHE DIAMETE LARGEST orange, andTHERE where ARE the very stuff of life fallsR = 44,600kmout of theASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT 4 TIMES SMALLER5.5 TIMES SMALLER TO THE ASTERO MILLIONS E TO PLUTO MEO ME TO IDskies onto the unknownOM surface below. THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OELC PLU S OF ASTERIODSELC 4 TIMES SMALLER THAN EARTH’S MOON WLC TO W R = 2,274k m E I N W THERE ARE O TE M THAN EARTH’S MOON PLUTO DIAMETE Saturn isUR so far away SYS that light takes more than an hour = SOLAR PLUTO’S DIAMETER= 932km IS CERES DIAMETER 932km 5,900MILLIONS MILLION DIAMETE R to get there from5,900 the Sun. MILLION SpacecraftCERESN take years. Much OF ASTERIODS 5.5 UTIMES SMALLER K M S IL TE about it is stillK a mystery—includingHTHANE EARTH’S whether DIAMETER it holds O MI N SYS N ME TOIL J M T E TOUR SOLAR S U LCO OUMPIETTERS FRO ERS FROM THE WE ER great oceans. We know just enough, though, to recognizeJUPITER’S DIAMETER IS PLUTO DIAMETE R = 2,274k m JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS that within reach may be a place where certain processes 11.2 TIMES BIGGER TO JUP 778 MILLION OME ITER ELC are today working them­selves out11.2 that TIMES eons agoBIGGER on EarthTHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W K IL N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER led toO theM origin of life. S U ET THE JUPITER DIAMETER = 142,600k m ERS FROM R = 142,600k m 778 MILLION Fun FactsJUPITER DIAMETE N U K E S ILO TH M E ROM OME TO SAT TERS F ELC URN W SATURN’S DIAMETER IS SATURN’S DIAMETER IS 9.5 TIMES SaturnBIGGER TO SATU 1,430 MILLION OME RN 9.5 TIMES BIGGER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC W K N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ILO U M E S SATURN DIAMETER = 120,600km ETERS FROM TH R = 120,600km 1,430 MILLION SATURN DIAMETE N U K Saturn 18 E S 19 ILO TH M ETER FROM ME TO URA S ELCO NU W S URANUS’ DIAMETER IS URANUS’ DIAMETER IS 4 TIMES BIGGER E TO URAN 2,870 MILLION OM US 4 TIMES BIGGERTHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC W K N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ILO U M E S URANUS DIAMETER = 47,000km ETERS FROM TH R = 47,000km 2,870 MILLION URANUS DIAMETE N U K E S ILO TH M ETERS FROM OME TO NEP ELC TUN W E NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER 3.9IS TIMES BIGGER E TO NEPTU 4,490 MILLION OM NE 3.9 TIMES BIGGERTHAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC W K N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ILO U M E S NEPTUNE DIAMETER = 44,600km ETERS FROM TH R = 44,600km 4,490 MILLION NEPTUNE DIAMETE N U K E S ILO TH M ETERS FROM ME TO P ELCO LUTO W PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS 5.5 TIMES SMALLER O P OME T LU5,900TO MILLION 5.5 TIMES SMALLER ELC THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W K N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ILO U M E S PLUTO DIAMETER = 2,274k m ETERS M TH R = 2,274k m 5,900 MILLION FRO PLUTO DIAMETE N U K E S ILO TH M ETERS FROM ME TO TH ELCO E SU W N THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS 109 TIMES BIGGER THE109 CENTER TIMES BIGGER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER E TO THE SUN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OM LC O = 1,392,000km E F O RT E M SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000k m W UR SSUNOL ADIAMETER SYS THE CENTER E M ST OME TO MER O SY ELC CUR F OU SOL AR W Y MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS R MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS 58 MILLION2.6 TIMES SMALLER 2.6 TIMES SMALLER TO MERCUR THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ME Y K THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER CO I N = 4,980km EL LO U R M E E S MERCURY DIAMETE R = 4,980km W TERS FR OMERCURYM TH DIAMETE

58 MILLION N S U E K I TH LCOME TO VEN LO M ROM WE US ETERS F VENUS’ DIAMETER IS VENUS’ DIAMETER IS 108 MILLION1.05 TIMES BIGGER 1.05 TIMES BIGGER E TO VENUS THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER OM K LC I E LO U N R = 12,360km W M E E SDIAMETE VENUS DIAMETE R = 12,360km TERS FROM VENUSTH

108 MILLION N S U E K I TH LCOME TO EAR LO M ROM WE TH ETERS F EARTH’S DIAMETER IS EARTH’S DIAMETER IS 150 MILLION3.7 TIMES BIGGER 3.7 TIMES BIGGER EAR ME TO TH THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER CO K EL I = 12,742k m W LO U N R M E E S EARTH DIAMETE R = 12,742k m TERS FROM TH EARTH DIAMETE

150 MILLION N U S K HE IL T LCOME TO MA O M E FROM WE RS TERS MARS’ DIAMETER IS MARS’ DIAMETER IS COME TO TH THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS EL E SU 1.9 TIMES SMALLER 1.9 TIMES SMALLER W 228N MILLION 109 TIMES BIGGER E TO MARS THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER COM HE THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS EL E TO T SUN It K could’ve beenTHAN EARTH’S6,760km worse:DIAMETER M I N R = W CO THE CENTERLO U EL M E E S MARS DIAMETE R = 1,392,000km109 TIMES BIGGERMARS DIAMETE R = 6,760km W TERS FROM TH William Herschel, the eighteenthSUN DIAMETE centuryTHAN EARTH’S musician DIAMETER O F 228 MILLION N O M U UR STE THE CENTER S SOwhoL AR S Ydiscovered the first planet unknown to the K HE M SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000k m IL T TE ME TO THE AST O M E FROM S CO ERO THE LARGEST TOERS R SY ancients,EL wanted toID name it “George.” THE LARGEST F OU SOL A W S R THERE ARE ASTEROIDMERCURY’S CERES IS DIAMETERABOUT IS ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT LCOME TO MER WE ThereC areU places on Jupiter and Saturn where the E ASTE RMILLIONSY 4 TIMES SMALLER 4 TIMES SMALLER O TH ROID 2.6 TIMES SMALLER E T S pressuresOF are ASTERIODS so great that atoms sweat electrons,MERCURY’S DIAMETER and IS OM E TO MERCURY THANTHAN EARTH’S EARTH’S MOON DIAMETER THAN EARTH’S MOON LC OM I = 932km E LC 58 MILLIONthe airN O becomes a metal.E M That does notR seemR = 4,980kmto happen W THEREE ARE UR YST DIAMETE 2.6 TIMES SMALLER W K SOLAR S CERES CERES DIAMETE R = 932km I MERCURY DIAMETE LO on less-massive Uranus. That’s the good news.THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER MILLIONS M U N ET E S OF ASTERIODS58 MILLIONM ERS FRNOM TH TE U MERCURY DIAMETE YS S However, unlikeE TO any other planet of which we know, UranusR = 4,980km I N AR S E LCOM JUPIT OKUI R SOL TH WE ER LO M ROM JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS ETERS F seems to be lying on its side. One possibleVENUS’ DIAMETER explanation IS is JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS ME ELCO TO VEN W that thisUS was the result of a really11.2 TIMESbig accident, BIGGER a run-in11.2 TIMES BIGGER E TO JUPITER 778 MILLION 1.05 TIMES BIGGER OM THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LC TO VENUSwithK a very large planet billions of years ago.VENUS’ DIAMETERTHAN IS EARTH’S DIAMETER E ME I THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W LCO LO U N R = 142,600k m E 108 MILLIONM E S R = 12,360km W ETER TH JUPITER DIAMETEDIAMETE1.05 TIMES BIGGERJUPITER DIAMETE = K Don’t botherS FtoRO bringM your sunglasses.VENUS Uranus is so far R 142,600k m IL THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER 778 MILLIONO M N N ET U from the S U Sun that noontime there is no brighter than it is 108 MILLIONE RSS FROM NTHE K HE U VENUS IL M T after S sunsetME onTO SEarth. DIAMETE R = 12,360km O MKE S FRO E LCO ATU ITER TH WE RN LO M ROM SATURN’S DIAMETER IS SATURN’S DIAMETER IS ETERS F EARTH’S DIAMETER IS OME TO ELC EAR 9.5 TIMES BIGGER 9.5 TIMES BIGGER OW SATU 1,430TH MILLION ME T RN THAN 3.7EARTH’S TIMES DIAMETER BIGGER CO THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER EL E TO EARTHK EARTH’S DIAMETER IS OM I N THAN THER MOON’S= 120,600km DIAMETER W LC LO UFun Facts E 150 MILLIONM E S SATURN DIAMETE R = 12,742k m W ETERS M TH 3.7 TIMES BIGGERSATURN DIAMETE R = 120,600km K FRO EARTH DIAMETE I THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER 1,430 LOMILLION N N M E S U S U 150 TMILLIONER HE N K SH FEROM T U IL T S EARTH DIAMETE O M E FROM E OME TO URA R = 12,742k m K ITERS TH ELC NU LO M ROM W S URANUS’ DIAMETER IS ETERS F MARS’ DIAMETER IS URANUS’ DIAMETER IS ME ELCO TO MA 4 TIMES BIGGER W O URAN RS 4 TIMES BIGGERUranus ME T US 2,870 MILLION THAN1.9 EARTH’S TIMES DIAMETER SMALLER CO THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER EL E TO MAK RS THANMARS’ EARTH’S DIAMETER= 47,000km DIAMETER IS OM I R W ELC LO U N W228 MILLIONM S URANUS DIAMETE R = 6,760km ETERS THE 1.9 TIMES SMALLERURANUS DIAMETE R = 47,000km K FROM MARS DIAMETE I 2,870LO MILLION N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M U U N 228ETE MILLION S E S N K RS FROHME TH U I Uranus T S MARS DIAMETE LO M ROM20 E E TO N R = 6,760km 21 KETERS F TH LCOM EPTU ILO M E NE NEPTUNE’S DIAMETERTHE LARGEST IS M ETERS FRO W NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS E TO THE 3.9 TIMES BIGGER COM ASTE ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT EL O NEPTUNRO 3.9 TIMES BIGGER W ME T E 4,490ID MILLION THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER CO THERE ARE TH E ASTERSO 4THE TIMES LARGEST SMALLER THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER EL E TO K IDS R = 44,600km W M IL N ASTEROIDTHAN CERES EARTH’S IS ABOUT MOON MILLIONSCO O S U NEPTUNE DIAMETE EL M E E R = 932km THERE ARE TERS F OM TH DIAMETE NEPTUNE DIAMETE R = 44,600km W OF ASTERIODS R 4 TIMESCERES SMALLER I4,490 MILLION N N U OU MILLIONSE SM THAN EARTH’S MOON R SOLAR FarSYSTE out! How far? K H IL OF ASTERIODS T E M O M E FROM ST ME TO TERS SYELCO PLUT CERES DIAMETE = I N O LAR W O PLUTO’S DIAMETERR 932km IS UR SNeptuneO is so far away, it takes nearly 165 PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS ELCOME TO JUP 5.5 TIMES SMALLER W OEarth PILTUE T years to make a trip around the Sun. In5.5 TIMES SMALLER ME T R5,900O MILLION THAN11.2 EARTH’S TIMES DIAMETER BIGGER LCO O JUPIT E ME T ER = 2,274kTHAN m EARTH’S DIAMETER W COJulyK 2011, Neptune completes itsJUPITER’S firstTHAN DIAMETERfull EARTH’S orbitR IS DIAMETER EL IL N 778 MILLIONW O M S U PLUTO DIAMETE R = 142,600k m ET HE PLUTO DIAMETE R = 2,274k m K since itsER discoveryS FROM T in 1846. 11.2 TIMES BIGGER I JUPITER DIAMETE LO 5,900 MILLION N M U N U THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ET 778 MILLIONE S S N K ERS FROM WhenTH H Ewe lookU down on its cool, austere blueness, we are IL T S O MKE FROM HE JUPITER DIAMETE ITLERS only seeingM T atmosphere and clouds—no solid surface.R = 142,600k m O M ETERS FRO Neptune’s atmosphere is mainly hydrogen and SATURN’Shelium, DIAMETER IS ME TO ELCO SATU W withRN a dash of methane and traces of other hydrocarbons.9.5 TIMES BIGGER O SATU ME T RN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER LThereCO may also be some nitrogen. SATURN’S DIAMETER IS 1,430 MILLIONE R = 120,600km W 9.5 TIMES BIGGER K SATURN DIAMETE I The bright clouds, which seem to be methane crystals, LO N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M E 1,430S U MILLION N TERS floatHE above thick,U deeper clouds of unknown composition. FROM T S K HE SATURN DIAMETE = IL From the Mmotion T of the clouds we discover fierceR 120,600km winds, O M ETERS FRO approaching the local speed of sound. URANUS’ DIAMETER IS OME TO U ELC RAN 4 TIMES BIGGER W US O URAN ME T US THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER CO URANUS’ DIAMETER IS EL = 47,000km 2,870 MILLIONW R 4 TIMES BIGGERURANUS DIAMETE K I LO N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M 2,870U MILLION N ETER HE S U S FROM T S Fun Facts K HE URANUS DIAMETE IL M T R = 47,000km O M ETERS FRO NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS LCOME TO NEP WE TUN 3.9 TIMES BIGGER E O NEPTUN ME T E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER CO NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS EL R = 44,600km 4,490 MILLION W 3.9 TIMES BIGGERNEPTUNE DIAMETE K Neptune I LO N THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER M U 4,490 MILLION N ET E S U ERS FROM TH S K HE NEPTUNE DIAMETE IL M T R = 44,600km O M ETERS FRO PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS ELCOME TO PL W UTO 5.5 TIMES SMALLER Neptune 22 TO PLUTO 23 OME THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS 5,900 MILLION W R = 2,274k m 5.5 TIMES SMALLER PLUTO DIAMETE K IL THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER O M N 5,900 MILLION N ET S U U ERS FROM THE S K HE IL M T PLUTO DIAMETE R = 2,274k m O M ETERS FRO THE SUN’S DIAMETER IS 109THE TIMESSUN’S DIAMETER BIGGER IS OME TO THE SU ELC O THE SU N W ME T N THAN109 EARTH’S TIMES DIAMETER BIGGER CO EL R = 1,392,000km W THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER THE CENTER SUN DIAMETE THE CENTER SUN DIAMETE R = 1,392,000km O E M F STE M OUR SOL AR SYST O SY F OU SOL AR R MERCURY’S DIAMETER IS 2.6MERCURY’S TIMES DIAMETER SMALLER IS ME TO MERCU LCO O MERCURY E ME T RY 2.6THAN TIMES EARTH’S SMALLER DIAMETER W CO = 4,980km EL R W THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER 58 MILLION MERCURY DIAMETE R = 4,980km N MERCURY DIAMETE K 58 MILLION U N ILO E S S U M E TH E K I TERS FROM TH LO M ROM ETERS F VENUS’ DIAMETER IS

E TO VE VENUS’1.05 TIMESDIAMETER BIGGER IS LCOM NVEUNS E ME TO US THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W CO 1.05 TIMES BIGGER EL R = 12,360km W THAN EARTH’SDIAMETE DIAMETER 108 MILLION VENUS DIAMETE R = 12,360km 108 MILLIONN N VENUS K U U ILO S S M THE E K I ETERS FROM TH LO M ROM ETERS F EARTH’S DIAMETER IS

EARTH’S3.7 DIAMETERTIMES BIGGER IS ME TO EAR LCO TOT HEARTH WE OME THAN THE MOON’S DIAMETER ELC 3.7 TIMES BIGGER= 12,742k m W R THAN THEEARTH MOON’S DIAMETE DIAMETER 150 MILLION R = 12,742k m 150 MILLIONN N EARTH DIAMETE K U IL S S U O M HE E KETI ERS FROM T TH LO M ROM ETERS F MARS’ DIAMETER IS 1.9 TIMES SMALLER ME TO M MARS’ DIAMETER IS LCO AER TSO MARS WE OM THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC 1.9 TIMES SMALLER W R = 6,760km THAN EARTH’SMARS DIAMETEDIAMETER 228 MILLION R = 6,760km 228 MILLIONN N MARS DIAMETE K U U ILO S S M K THE HE ETERILS FROM M T O M ETERS FRO THE LARGEST ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT THE LARGEST TO THE AST 4 TIMES SMALLER ME ER OTHE ASTERO ASTEROID CERES IS ABOUT CO E TO ID IDS EL M S THAN EARTH’S MOON CO W THEREEL ARE 4 TIMES SMALLER R = 932km W THERE ARE DIAMETE MILLIONS THAN EARTH’SCERES MOON OF ASTERIODSMILLIONS DIAMETE R = 932km OF ASTERIODSM E M CERES I N STE ST OUR SOILAR SY SY N O UR SOL AR JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS

O 11.2 TIMES BIGGER OME T JUPITE E TO JUPITER JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS ELC OMR THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER W ELC W 11.2 TIMES BIGGER R = 142,600k m 778 MILLION THAN EARTH’SJUPITER DIAMETER DIAMETE 778 MILLION N = 142,600k m K MuchN U ado aboutJUPITER DIAMETE PlutoR U IL S S O K HE HE M ETE IL M T M T RS FROO M ETERS FRO No longer a planet, but still a world SATURN’Sof mystery. DIAMETER IS

Even though it is smaller than its eight siblings9.5 TIMESand BIGGER E TO SAT O SATU SATURN’S DIAMETER IS COM URNME T RN THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER EL CO doesn’t orbit the Sun in the same plane of the Solar W EL = 120,600km W 9.5 TIMES BIGGER R System as they do, Pluto was consideredTHAN EARTH’S a planet DIAMETERSATURN DIAMETE from its 1,430 MILLIONdiscovery in 1930 until 2006. 1,430 MILLION N = 120,600km N U SATURN DIAMETE R K U S I LO K E S H E M E I L TH As scientistsM T discovered other Pluto-like worlds, some of TERS FROMO M ETERS FRO them even larger, it became more difficult to justifyURANUS’ Pluto’s DIAMETER IS planetary status. This is one of the great powers4 of TIMES science: BIGGER TO UR O URAN URANUS’ DIAMETER IS OME ANU ME T US THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC asCSO new evidence comes in, scientists systematically W EL = 47,000km W 4 TIMES BIGGER R evaluate it. If it proves to be solid, THANthen, EARTH’S we have DIAMETERURANUS to admit DIAMETE 2,870 MILLIONthat we were wrong and change our view. 2,870 MILLION N = 47,000km N U URANUS DIAMETE R K U S ILO K E S HE M ITLH M T ETERS FROM O M ETERS FRO NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS 3.9 TIMES BIGGER O N O NEPTUN NEPTUNE’S DIAMETER IS OME T EPTUN ME T E THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER ELC E CO W EL R = 44,600km W 3.9 TIMES BIGGER NEPTUNE DIAMETE THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER 4,490 MILLION 4,490 MILLION N = 44,600km N U NEPTUNE DIAMETE R K U S IL K S HE Fun Facts O M HILE M T ETERS FROM T O M ETERS FRO PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS 5.5 TIMES SMALLER E TO PLUTO PLUTO’S DIAMETER IS COME TO PLUTO OM THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER EL ELC W W 5.5 TIMES SMALLER R = 2,274k m PLUTO DIAMETE THAN EARTH’S DIAMETER Pluto 5,900 MILLION N 5,900 MILLION = 2,274k m N S U PLUTO DIAMETE R K U E IL K S H O M HE ILO M T ETERS FROM T M ETERS FRO

Pluto 24 25

Our Sun is the closest star to Earth The next closest star to Earth is Alpha Centauri. On this 1 to 5-billion scale model of the Solar System, if the Sun is on the and Pluto is 1,200 meters away at the Sciencenter, where do you think the nearest star, Alpha Centauri, should be located? Boston? No. Guess again. Los Angeles? No. Not far enough away. The staggering answer is that even on this radically Sagan Planet Walk model of our Solar System reduced scale, the next closest star station would be ITHACA, NY somewhere in the state of Hawaii! Alpha Centauri station would be in HAWAII

Fun Facts

OUR SUN IS 8.3 LIGHT MINUTES ALPHA CENTAURI ISALPHA CENTAURI IS AWAY FROM EARTH 4.3 LIGHT YEARS4.3 LIGHT YEARS OUR SUN IS = 150 million km AWAY FROM EARTHAWAY FROM EARTH 8.3 LIGHT MINUTES8.3 LIGHT MINUTES

4.3 LIGHT YEARS = 40,000,000 million km AWAY FROM EARTH = 40,000,0004.3 LIGHT million YEARS km 8.3 LIGHT MINUTES = 150 million km

Alpha Centauri 26 27 Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

PLANETS

Ceres Pluto DWARF PLANETS Asteroid

This illustration accurately shows the relative sizes of

NASA/International Astronomical Union the planets in our Solar System. However, the distance between the Sun and each of the planets is not to scale.

Solar System Solar 28 29

Acknowledgments Station Sponsors Sun �����������Ann Druyan This exhibition was developed by the Sciencenter in memory of Carl Sagan for the citizens of the Earth. Mercury ��Clarity Connect, Inc. Venus �������The CBORD Group, Inc. Special Thanks to: Earth �������Goodrich Corporation – Ithaco Space Ann Druyan and the Estate of Carl Sagan Systems, Inc. and its Employees Charles Trautmann, Concept and Project Director Mars �������� Astronomy Department Erin Caruth, Artist/Designer and NASA/New York Space Grant Consortium Emily Maletz Graphic Design, Passport Design Asteroids ��NASA/New York Space Grant Consortium; Robert Orrange, Project Manager Tompkins County Tourism Board; AccuFab, Yervant Terzian, Cornell University, Technical Advisor Inc.; Meteorite donated by Michael I. Casper, Jim Bell, Cornell University, Technical Advisor Meteorites Inc. Jim Holahan, Metalsmith Jupiter �����Friends and Family of Bob Engel New York State Saturn ����� City of Ithaca Uranus �����Tompkins County Tourism Board and The Gannett Foundation, Inc. Fabrication Neptune ���M&T Bank and the Children of Tompkins Planet models: William Bassett, Skip Davis, Advanced County Design and Fabrication Facility, Cornell University Pluto ��������William and Jane Bassett Planet stations: Superior Precast, Cortland Granite Sun and Pluto stations: Marchell Monuments Asteroids Station: AccuFab, Inc. Images Planet station installation: City of Ithaca Department Planet and Solar System images courtesy of NASA of Public Works, Eric Poysa, and Andy Hillman, with assistance from many others Audio Tour Signage printing: Enameltec and Fossil Industries Narration: Bill Nye Post Production: Hester Blom and Dawid Vermaak Sponsored by the Tompkins County Tourism Board

Acknowledgments 30 31 Dedication This model of the Solar System is named in honor of the late Carl Sagan—a great scientist, an inspirational advocate of science, a valued advisor and supporter of the Sciencenter, and a member of the Ithaca community for nearly thirty years. The Sagan Planet Walk aspires to excite future generations about the romance of the scientific enterprise and to convey something of the preciousness and fragility of our tiny world in the context of the vastness of the Cosmos. Carl Sagan was Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and Director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University. He played a leading role in the American space program since its inception. He briefed the Apollo astronauts before their flights to the Moon and was an

© Tony Korody/Sygma/Corbis© Tony experimenter on the Mariner, Viking, Voyager, and Galileo The Sciencenter dedicates this exhibition to the memory of expeditions to the planets. He helped solve the mysteries of the high temperature of Venus (caused by a massive greenhouse effect), the seasonal changes on Mars (caused by Carl Sagan windblown dust), and the reddish haze of Titan (caused by 1934-1996 complex organic molecules). A Pulitzer Prize winner, Dr. Sagan was the author of many Astronomer • Teacher • Author • Activist best-selling books including Cosmos and . More than Space Science and Exobiology Pioneer 500 million people in 60 countries have seen the Emmy and Peabody award-winning thirteen-part PBS television series As a child of seven, Carl Sagan asked the question: “What Cosmos. He received numerous awards for his scientific are the stars?” To his good fortune and ours, his parents took achievements, such as the Public Welfare Medal, the highest him straight to the nearest library. That was the first step in award of the National Academy of Sciences. In a posthumous a lifelong journey that opened the way for him and countless award to Dr. Sagan, the National Science Foundation others to a deeper understanding of the universe. declared that “his research transformed planetary science … his gifts to mankind were infinite.”

Carl Sagan 32 33

601 First Street Ithaca, NY 14850 607.272.0600 www.sciencenter.org

Passport sponsored by NASA/New York Space Grant Consortium