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Reconfigurable Antenna Based System for Spectrum Monitoring
Reconfigurable Antenna based System for Spectrum Monitoring and Radio Direction Finding Hassan El-Sallabi, Abdulaziz Aldosari, and Saad Alkaabi Emri Signal and Information Technology Corps Qatar Armed Forces Doha, Qatar Abstract A reconfigurable antenna based system for spectrum monitoring and radio direction finding is proposed. The proposed system provides lower complexity and smaller physical size compared to existing direction finding systems based on phase difference of multiple antenna elements or systems based on mechanically rotating antenna. Instead of using multi-element antenna arrays or rotatable directional antenna, we use reconfigurable antenna that has the capability to reconfigure its characteristics to match frequency and minimize polarization loss of incoming signals. The other main feature of the reconfigurable radio direction finder is the use of multiple directional antenna pattern states with multiple pointing directions that cover the azimuthal 360 degrees. I. Introduction Spectrum range dedicated for radio communications is scarce. Communications industry worldwide and new wireless services offered in market increased the demand for the RF spectrum. These demands have a major consequences on frequency allocations to meet no electromagnetic interference requirements. Spectrum management is helps to maintain interference free environment. Part of spectrum management process is spectrum monitoring to ensure proper operation of radio communication systems without harmful interference as required by spectrum management activities. Spectrum monitoring has the following the goals: 1) find out any interference on local, regional and global scale; 2) ensuring acceptable quality in operating systems; 3) provides information on actual use of spectrum bands; 4) provide measurement based inputs to programs organized by ITU to eliminate harmful interference. -
Radio Direction Finding
RDF and Hidden Transmitter Hunting Barrie Amateur Radio Club Fox Hunt 1 Radio Direction Finding Al Duncan – VE3RRD [email protected] v3 – March 2012 Radio direction finding or RDF has been around since before World War One. From the time of the invention of radio, there has been a desire to know from what direction a radio signal was arriving at the listener’s radio receiving antenna. Amateur Radio has found several uses for RDF: • Hunting down interfering radio signals, both accidental and malicious interference to repeaters (affecting both ham and commercial communications, including emergency services). • Helping to locate downed aircraft by DFing their emergency locator beacons (ELT). • The entertaining sport of “fox”, “bunny” or T-hunting. It is “fox hunting” that has spread through many ham radio clubs around the world as a very exciting and fun aspect of the hobby. Fox hunting can take many forms of transmitter hunting, from a person hiding within a few blocks of the starting point with his handheld and periodically making a transmission while others try to find him on foot using directional antennas; to a competition with multiple unmanned automatic transmitters scattered over a course that can be several hundred kilometers long – the entrants being required to find each transmitter in proper order with a minimum number of kilometers driven. Another variation called ARDF or radio orienteering is popular in Europe (just gaining popularity in North America) and includes jogging or running from one low power hidden transmitter to another while carrying RDF equipment in a timed race. What makes fox hunting so popular? • The social aspect of getting together with others with similar interests. -
Methods of Radio Direction Finding As an Aid to Navigation
FWD : MWB Letter 1-6 DP PA RT*«ENT OF COMMERCE Circular BUREAU OF STANDARDS No. 56 WASHINGTON (March 27, 1923.)* 4 METHODS OF RADIO DIRECTION F$JDJipG AS AN AID TO NAVIGATION; THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OB£&fmTING THE DIRECTION FINDER ON SHORg$tgJFcN SHIPBOARD By F. W, Dunmo:^, Associate Physicist Now that the great value of the radio direction finder as an aid to navigation is being generally recognized, consider- able importance attaches to the question whether Its proper location is on shipboard, in the hands of the navigator, or on shore. The essential part of a radio direction finding equipment or '‘radio compass'' consists of a coil of wire usually wound on a frame from four to five feet square, so mounted as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. Suitable radio receiving apparatus is connected to this coil for the reception of the radio beacon signals. The construction and operation of the direction finder have been discussed in detail in Bureau of Standards Scientific Paper No. 438, by F.A.Kolster and F.W. Dunmore, to which the reader may refer for further . informa- tion.* The present paper is concerned primarily with a com- parison of the relative advantages of the location of the •direction finder on shore and on shipboard, The two methods may be briefly described as follows; 1. Direction Finder on Shore. --This method, usually con- sists in the use of two or more radio direction finder station installations on shore, each of these compass stations being connected by wire to a controlling transmitting station. -
LORAN-A Historic Context
' . Prepared by Alice Coneybeer U.S. Coast Guard, MLCP (se) Coast Guard Island, Bldg. 540 Alameda, CA 94501-5100 Phone 510.437.5804 Fax 510.437.5753 U.S. Coast Guard- Maintenance & Logistics Command Pacific • • • • • • • • • • LORAN-A Historic Context Alaska (District 17) September 1998 ENCLOSURE(2.} ( LORAN-A Context 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS .........•.....................................................•......................•........•..................................•. 1 2. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 2 3. IDSTORY OF LORAN-A STATIONS.............................................................................................................. 2 4. LORAN-A IN ALASKA. ..................................................................................................................................... 3 5. LORAN-A DURING THE COLD WAR IN ALASKA (1945-1989) ............................................................... 4 6. NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGffiiLITY EVALUATION .............................................................................. 4 6.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF LORAN-A WITIIIN TilE CONTEXT OF TilE DEVELOPMENT OF AIDS TONAVIGATION ............................................................................................................................... 5 6.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF LORAN-A WITIIIN TilE CONTEXT OF WORLD WAR II IN ALASKA .............. 5 6.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF LORAN-A WITIIIN TilE HISTORIC CONTEXT -
April 2019 Herald .Pmd
Monroe County Radio Communications Association Hertzian The Herald April 2019 • Volume 43, Issue 4 • Monroe, Michigan, U.S.A. • www.mcrca.org Club Officers Off The Kuf: PRESIDENT Mike Karmol N8KUF [email protected] VICE PRESIDENT By Mike – N8KUF Paul Trouten W8PI [email protected] Spring is here (HURRAYYYYYYYY)!!!! The unofficial arrival of spring occurs every year, at sunrise, on the morning of the TMRA hamfest, and a beautiful morning it was this year. SECRETARY Brenda VanDaele KB8KQC I must say that I (and most everyone that I’ve talked to) was very impressed with the [email protected] new venue layout (entry, refreshments, etc.). While there are always a few kinks to work through with this large of an event… the experience was truly a pleasant one TREASURER (those who were there know of what I speak). If you missed it … be sure to check it out Fred VanDaele KA8EBI [email protected] NEXT year. DIRECTOR At the March MCRCA meeting, the presentation by Tom KG8P featured “Bands on the John Copeland N8DXR Run”. His presentation discussed performance characteristics of the many different [email protected] Ham frequency bands. From MY perspective, I’ve often compared DXing to fishing. DIRECTOR You cast your line into a very large frequency spectrum and sometimes you catch the Rodney Haddix KD8ZNZ big DX fish, sometimes not. Some folks are PRETTY DARNED GOOD fishermen and [email protected] others of us ‘not so good’. Knowing when and where to cast your signal (bait) is a major factor in whether you might be successful or whether you might be wasting your time DIRECTOR (I know-a bad day fishing is better than a good day at (fill in the blank)). -
2018 IARU Region 2 ARDF Community Survey English
By Ken Harker WM5R IARU Region 2 ARDF Coordinator December 2018 2018 IARU Region 2 ARDF Community Survey The 2018 Survey Goals Activity Infrastructure Barriers Rules Future Better understand Better understand Identify barriers to Survey active Region Serve as a baseline the current levels of the availability of participation and the 2 ARDF competitors for future, hopefully ARDF activity in ARDF specialty growth of the sport and organizers annual, surveys Region 2 equipment across in Region 2 regarding potential Region 2 and proposed international rule changes 2 Survey Overview • Survey was opened for submissions from November 1, 2018 through November 30, 2018 • https://www.surveyhero.com/user/surveys/89726 • All questions offered in Spanish and English • 134 individuals contributed responses • 83 individuals answered all questions • 19% of those who viewed the survey participated • The average time spent answering survey questions was 21 minutes • 63% of survey responses came from the US and Canada 3 Overall, there appears to be satisfaction that current ARDF events are fair, the rules are clear, competitors feel safe at events, and there are no major concerns with judging or cheating When looking for barriers that prevent participation at the larger ARDF events like national and regional championships, cost does not factor as highly as other Top barriers Observations Although more respondents report reduced levels of ARDF activity in recent years, a majority claim that they are likely to very likely to participate in ARDF events in 2019 -
Fox Hunting 101 a Practical Overview of Amateur Radio Direction Finding (ARDF)
Fox Hunting 101 A practical overview of amateur radio direction finding (ARDF) Presented to the: Amateur Radio Club at KSU Presented by: Joe Domaleski, KI4ASK Mary Catherine Domaleski, KI4HHI Date: October 12, 2020 1 Amateur radio is better in the great outdoors! 2 Agenda • What is fox hunting? • Why is fox hunting so much fun? • Why is fox hunting an important skill? • Basic fox hunting equipment • Three-step technique for finding the fox • Step 1 – Finding the signal • Step 2 – Triangulating the source • Step 3 – Attenuating the signal and finding the fox • General fox hunting tips • Advanced topics for future study • Suggested resources 3 What is fox hunting? Locating a hidden radio transmitter • Fun and useful activity that involves finding a hidden radio transmitter • It’s a lot like a scavenger hunt, orienteering, or geocaching involving radios • Requires simple direction finding equipment • Easy to learn with just a few basic skills needed • Is recognized as a competitive sport called ARDF 4 Why is fox hunting so much fun? • Being outdoors enjoying the fresh air and scenery • The social aspect of working together as a team • Anyone can participate, it does not require any special type of license • No special equipment required, a simple radio receiver is sufficient • The competitiveness of working against other teams • The satisfaction of putting together and building your equipment • The physical exercise of walking and searching • The mental exercise of taking bearings, plotting, and finding the signals 5 Why is fox hunting an -
Radio Direction Finding in Air Traffic Services
A. Novak: Radio Direction Finding in Air Traffic Services ANDREJ NOVAK, D. Se. Traffic Engineering E-mail: [email protected] Review University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics U. D. C.: 654.165:351.841.31 of Transport and Communications Accepted: Apr. 11,2005 Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovak Republic Approved: Sep.6,2005 RADIO DIRECTION FINDING IN AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES ABSTRACT Another reason for the importance of Radio Di rection Finding lies in the fact that frequency-spread The paper analyses the Radio Direction Finding principle ing techniques are increasingly used for wireless com for navigation and swveillance system. Radio Direction Find munications: this means that the spectral components ing involves locating the bearing of a transmitter called a radio can only be associated with a certain emitter if the di beacon. A radio beacon's signal is received aboard a vehicle by rection is known. Direction finding therefore is an in a device called radio direction finder (RDF). The navigator turns the antenna ofthe radio direction finder to find the direc dispensable first step in radio detection; the more as tion of the radio beacon. The RDF shows when the antenna is reading the contents of such emissions is usually im pointing towards the beacon. Radio direction finding is one of possible. the oldest electronic navigation systems for aircraft and ships. It The localization of emitters is often a multistage is generally used as a piloting aid along coastal waters. The process. Direction finders spread across a country al range of a radio direction finding signal depends on the type of lowing the transmitter to be located to a few kilo radio beacon. -
The Art and Science of Radio Direction Finding
The Art and Science of Radio Direction Finding Theory All radio sources are ripples in a pool of electromagnetism Antennas and techniques can be used to locate source just like your ears locate sound Military Locating jammers and enemy structures Drug Cartels Civil ELT/EPIRB Locating FCC/Amateur Radio Locating harmful interference Finding stuck transmitters Foxhunting International sport of using ARDFing and Orienteering techniques to quickly locate multiple transmitters Distances vary, avg 6-10km Fox Oring 100m range transmitter Searched over wide area Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area (ROCA) Park sized reception and search area Focus on RDF rather than navigation Dual-band Handhelds are most versatile Usually have a signal meter Without makes it more difficult; use only noise Ability to tune to harmonics of 2m band Integrated attenuator is a plus Dedicated Doppler Units Extremely fast and precise locating Easy identification of multipath Expensive Must be Directional Single Antenna Body Fade Using the body to null one side Inaccurate Multiple Antennas Yagi Doppler Adcock Loop The WB2HOL Tape- Measure Yagi Easy to build (and cheap too) Rugged Uses cardioid pattern null rather than peak to determine bearing Requires attenuation at close range Loops Typically used on 80m Bidirectional without modification (sense antenna) Adcock Array Two Antenna Phased Array Uses phase null to determine direction Bidirectional like loops Similar to how hearing works Doppler Array Requires at least 4, 1/4λ equidistant/equiplanar antennas And a combining -
Radio Navigation Signals
Radio Navigation Signals This series of articles about radio navigation signals appeared in the WUN-newsletters of November and December 1995 and January 1996. © Worldwide Utility News / Ary Boender 1995-1996 Systems covered in the articles: Alpha DECCA LENA Ralog-20 SYLEDIS AN/SSQ-72 Del Norte Trisponder LORAN-A RANA TACAN AN/TRQ-112 DGPS LORAN-C Raydist Timation AN/TRQ-114 Diff Omega LORAN-D RDF TORAN P100 AN/TRQ-32 GEE MARS-75 RS-10 Transit NNSS Argo DM-54 GeoLoc Maxiran RS-WT1 Tsikada Artemis-3 GLONASS Mini Ranger RS-WT1S Tsyklon Autotape GPS NDB RSBN VOR-DME Bathymetric Guardrail Omega Seafix WJ-8958 BRAS-3 HI-FIX/6 Parus / Tsikada-M SECOR Chayka Hydrotrac Pulse/8 Shoran Consol Hyper-Fix Quick-Fix SPRUT Radio Direction Finding (RDF) Radio Direction Finding (RDF) is the most widespread of radio navigation systems. Most pleasure boats, fishing vessels and larger commercial and naval vessels have RDF equipment onboard. Various countries installed radio direction-finder equipment at points ashore. These stations will take radio bearings on ships when requested, passing that info by radio to the ships. I will explain it in detail using Norddeich Radio as an example. Unfortunately the North Sea DF-net no longer exists, but it gives you a good idea how it works. There are still direction-finder stations in Norway, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Panama and Russia. The radio direction-finding control station of the North Sea direction finding network was Norddeich Radio. Bearings were taken on the freqs 410 and 500 kHz and on freqs between 1605 and 3800 kHz. -
RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS, Pub 117 Searchable Electronic Version Distributed by Starpath School of Navigation
RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS, Pub 117 searchable electronic version distributed by starpath school of navigation Chapter 1 RADIO DIRECTION FINDER AND RADAR STATIONS PART I RADIO DIRECTION FINDER STATIONS 100A. General. 100B. Accuracy of Bearings Furnished by Direction Finding Stations . 100C. Obligations of Administrations Operating Direction Finding Stations . 100D. Procedure to Obtain Radio Direction Finder Bearings and Positions . 100E. Plotting Radio Bearings. 100F. Radio Bearing Conversion. 100G. Direction Finding Station List . PART II RADAR STATIONS 110A. Coast and Port Radar Station List . Chapter 2 RADIO TIME SIGNALS 200A. General. 200B. The United States System . 200C. The Old International (ONOGO) System . 200D. The New International (Modified ONOGO) System . 200E. The English System . 200F. The BBC System . 200G. Codes for the Transmission of UTC Adjustments. 200H. Shortwave Services Provided by the NIST WWV-WWVH Broadcasts . Station List. Chapter 3 RADIO NAVIGATIONAL WARNINGS 300A. General. 300B. Coastal and Local Warnings . 300C. Long Range Warnings . 300D. Worldwide Warnings. 300E. Worldwide Warnings Message Content . 300F. Warning Message Format . 300G. SPECIAL WARNINGS and Broadcast Stations. 300H. NAVTEX. 300I. U.S. NAVTEX Transmitting Stations . 300J. Worldwide NAVTEX Transmitting Stations . 300K. Ice Information . 300L. Navigational Warning Station List . 300M. WorldWide Navigational Warning Service NAVAREA Coordinators . Chapter 4 DISTRESS, EMERGENCY, AND SAFETY TRAFFIC PART I 400A. General. 400B. Obligations and Responsibilities of U.S. Vessels . 400C. Reporting Navigational Safety Information to Shore Establishments. 400D. Assistance by SAR Aircraft and Helicopters. 400E. Reports of Hostile Activities . 400F. Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) . 400G. Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) . 400H. The Inmarsat System . 400I. The SafetyNET System . 400J. Digital Selective Calling (DSC) . -
Whistle Free
FREE WHISTLE PDF Daisuke Higuchi | 208 pages | 03 Dec 2007 | Viz Media, Subs. of Shogakukan Inc | 9781591166856 | English | San Francisco, United States Whistle | Definition of Whistle at Entry 1 of 2 1 a : a small wind instrument in which sound is produced by the Whistle passage of breath through a slit Whistle a short tube a police whistle b : a device through which air or steam is forced into a Whistle or against a thin edge to produce a loud sound a factory whistle 2 a : a shrill clear sound produced by forcing breath out or air in through the puckered lips b : the sound produced by a whistle c : a signal given by or as if by whistling 3 Whistle a sound that resembles a whistle especially : a shrill clear note of or as if of a bird Whistle. We could hear the train's whistle. Whistle could hear the low whistle of the wind through the trees. He whistled Whistle a cab. He whistled a happy tune. The teakettle started to whistle. A bullet whistled past him. Army whistle -blower, and Gavin Grimm, the Virginia high-school student who sued his Whistle district for the right to use the bathroom that corresponded to his gender identity. Auburn," Whistle Sep. Send us Whistle. See more words from the same century From the Editors at Merriam-Webster. Whetting your whistle is painful; Whistle your appetite is impossible. Dictionary Entries near whistle whist whist drive whist family whistle whistleblower whistle duck whistle past the graveyard. Accessed 21 Oct. Keep scrolling Whistle more More Definitions for whistle Whistle.