Landmark HQ for Co-Op N Sustainable Commercial Buildings in to Heating, Cooling and Lighting; Advanced Controls and Energy Can Be Gained from Energy Recovery

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SuSTainable credenTialS The Co-operative Group’s new head skinned façade, which is key to n Low water use appliances; absorption chillers, networked office is set to be one of the most creating a more passive approach n High-efficiency lifts; together so that maximum benefit Landmark HQ for Co-op n sustainable commercial buildings in to heating, cooling and lighting; Advanced controls and energy can be gained from energy recovery. Europe and to be one of the first in n A combined heat and power plant monitoring to optimise the building’s In addition, the building services The Co-operative Group’s new steel-framed head office in Manchester will create another architectural the UK to be built to the BREEAM that uses rape seed oil to heat and performance. and structure have been designed landmark for the city and showcase the highest standards in sustainable design and construction Outstanding designation. power the building; The delivery of comfort conditions together to complement the comfort By building to the highest n Heat recovery from the atrium to the office floors employs a and energy strategies within the BREEAM standard, the group aims and computer systems to heat relatively simple philosophy using building. Thermal mass within to save 40 to 60 per cent of energy the building; passive chilled beams with concrete earth tubes and exposed projeCt report costs compared with the group’s n Low energy computer equipment displacement ventilation. concrete mass throughout the floor ruby kitching A computer-generated image existing HQ. and systems; However, enabling this requires a plates contributes to a stable, of the completed building Key features include: n Combined used water and rain complex array of plant such as passive and ultimately low-energy Project The Co-operative Group n Central atrium and a double- water recycling; combined heat and power and environment within the building. head office, Manchester Main client Co-operative Group made up of Fabsec cellular beams offer further thermal mass to aid Since the structure was spliced at once it is erected in one phase, the and precast concrete coffer units cooling the building. every third level, the onus was on erection gang then moves onto the Architect 3D Reid with an insitu concrete topping. “Steel was the natural choice getting three floors built as next phase, leaving behind a frame Main contractor These fabricated steel I-sections for the framing material, as it quickly and efficiently as possible, ready for the precast coffer beams BAM Construction are 590 mm deep and spaced gives us the required large so that the next three levels could to be installed.” Structural engineer Buro Happold 3 m apart and span a maximum column-free floors and the option go up without delay. The rotation of trades ensured 16.5 m. for future flexibility within the that a faster programme could be Steelwork contractor Steelwork contractor Fisher building,” says Buro Happold Teamwork requirement achieved. “It was critical that the Fisher Engineering Engineering has erected close to associate Paul Richardson. The solution required careful concrete slab be completed [in the 2,000 tonnes of cellular plated Corners of the building are coordination between three key allocated time] to allow us to The Co-operative Group, which beams on this project, used not bull-nosed and steel beams here trades involved in the floor move to the splice level as soon as can trace its roots back to the just for their service holes but also were fabricated using plated construction: the steelwork one cycle was completed,” says Rochdale Pioneers of 1844, has to achieve a shallow floor depth. sections. These beams are deeper contractor, precast contractor in Fisher Engineering project made its name as a socially at 900 mm for additional torsional charge of the coffer units and the manager Barry Craig. responsible retailer and is the UK’s Floor solution stiffness. Generally, the beam concreting contractor responsible Atrium roof steelwork is largest mutual business, owned by Precast concrete coffer units are depths are constant at 590 mm. for the insitu topping. currently being erected. Its glazed six million consumers. It claims to 615 mm deep overall and a While maintaining this constant Basically, a different trade roof is made up of a series of five be driven by “creating value for minimum of 125 mm thick. Their beam depth, design efficiency is worked on one third, or phase, of curved virendeel trusses, which customers” rather than “making edges are notched to sit on the achieved when loads and spans the floorplate at any one time. are tied together with a steel- big profits for shareholders”. bottom flanges of the beams. change, as each beam design is This meant that when the first framed lattice arrangement The group is investing £100 The servicing strategy will be optimised through varying flange trade, the steelwork contractor, forming an armadillo shell-type million in its new head office in fully integrated into the structure and web thicknesses. had erected three levels of arrangement. In detail, each Manchester, which has been as it is routed across the ceiling, “We have 18 types of fabricated steelwork in phase 1, the gang lattice is framed by a pair of 300 designed to the highest penetrating the steel beam and beams, as well as curved beams,” could then move on to phase 2 – mm diameter circular hollow environmental standards and is coffers. A 110 mm-thick topping of says Mr Richardson. “The building the next third of the floorplate. sections, which meet at the ends set to create a new benchmark in reinforced concrete makes up the was modelled using Revit to This then allowed the precast of the lattice. The arrangement UK sustainable office design. remainder of the structural floor minimise the number of beam concrete contractor to begin maximises the potential for Working with contractor BAM depth, while a 400 mm-deep sizes, but typically the depth installing coffer units on the natural ventilation and light. Construction, the project is also lightweight raised floor leaves stayed constant while the flange finished steelwork in phase 1. Lattice steelwork will be welded being used to help train around sufficient room for additional and web thickness varied.” As the steelwork gang finished on site and installed using jigs 300 apprentices on site. services (see diagram). Essentially, the structure of another three levels on phase 2, it mounted on the completed “The coffer units span beam to each floor from the second floor could move onto the final area of terraces or using tower cranes. “A Staff relocation beam and these, along with the up is made up of six identical the floorplate – phase 3. This system of temporary props and The 15-storey steel-framed bottom flange of the supporting templates, based on half the area allowed the precast contractor to hangers will support the atrium building will accommodate 3,500 Fabsec members, are exposed in around each of the three cores. move onto phase 2 and the insitu steelwork until it is all connected employees who will relocate the final state. We therefore had to As each of the three cores concrete contractor to top the up,” adds Mr Richardson. from eight different less energy- work to very exacting tolerances,” provide the majority of the floors on phase 1. Predominantly glazed, the efficient buildings spread around hard to produce a building occupy the atrium space at ground and two levels of basement are says Fisher Engineering project structural stability, steel erection With steelwork completed on outer skin is attached to brackets the city. The structure, which has capable of achieving a BREEAM floor, while meeting rooms are made up of between 350 mm manager Barry Craig. begins for each phase with the phase 3, the other two trades could fixed to the main steelwork. These now reached roof level, is the first rating of Outstanding (see box). tucked under the surrounding and 550 mm-thick flat slab The floor build up is unique to connections to the concrete move round while the finished cantilevering arms are of varying of many to appear on the group’s The steel frame is supported by upper levels of offices. Some 30,000 construction. A service yard and this project, since its aim is to cores. The completed cores have phase 1 floor was ready to receive lengths and follow the line of 8 ha city centre site, which is being cores in each corner and sq m of high-quality office space is 260-person auditorium occupy achieve the highest BREEAM cast-in plates in readiness for another three levels of steelwork. the outer skin as it undulates marketed for redevelopment. encompasses a triangular glazed provided within the building, with the upper basement level and a rating. To contribute to this, steel the steelwork. BAM Construction senior site around the perimeter and up all International engineering central atrium, double skin façade a restaurant at the eighth floor. car park takes up the lower provides an efficient framing Erection sequence of the manager Nick Wilde says: elevations. consultancy Buro Happold and and roof terraces. Below ground, piled basement level. solution and shallowest floor structure above the second floor “Steelwork leads the way and plays The building is scheduled to be architect 3D Reid have worked A reception area and café foundations support the building The main office floor plate is depths, while the precast coffers took advantage of this repetition. a crucial role on this project, as completed in August 2012.

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4 NaTioNal STrucTural STeelwork SpecificaTioN 7 deSigN/modelliNg SofTware Otherwise known as ‘the black book’, Computer-aided design and design and 3D this document standardised manufacture has enabled more modelling software Years of steely steelwork specifications which non-standard shaped structures to and most are able to previously were bespoke to each be built. The steel sector has meet ever shorter consulting engineer. It helped invested heavily in these types of lead-in times, with contractors become familiar with software from very early on in their the manufacturing what was required and meant that development, promoting the use of data fed directly from the model into determination there was less room for error or repetitive elements for economy and the workshop. Steel is the ideal misunderstanding when standard non-standard elements for more framing material for BIM (building clauses were used. standard clauses needed to be extravagant buildings. information modelling) with each Consequently, more effort could amended for specific contract Steelwork contractors have component being able to be Dr Derek Tordoff is retiring after 35 years with the BCSA, of which 27 were be put into understanding where the requirements. remained close to the evolution of assigned with its discrete properties. spent as director-general. His career has seen some key developments in steel that have shaped the industry. CN looks at 10 of the most important 5 compoSiTe coNSTrucTioN aNd loNg SpaNS 8 STeel coNfideNce Composite construction allowed One of the strengths of the steel profile 1 health and safety 3 standard slimmer floor depths, which from the sector has been the collaboration ruby kitching ConneCtions work from, as well as pertinent safety 1980s at developments like between Tata Steel, the BCSA and Derek Tordoff’s career in the videos, PPE, bcSA health and safety before standard connections were Broadgate, London, started to offer steelwork contractors in funding construction industry began with guides, and toolbox talks has helped introduced, each steelwork an extra level of lettable floor space. research, and in providing guidance a degree in civil engineering at change the culture of sites and save contractor would have their own The long spans that were also to designers. Thanks to this support, the University of Leeds. Upon countless lives. way of doing things. Designers also possible became favoured by the designers are able to work with steel graduating in 1968, he joined ten years ago, the bcSA also had their own ideas of how they rapidly growing City market to create with confidence. consultant Mott Hay & Anderson introduced the concept that a main wanted connections to look. large computer-intensive dealing in Croydon, Surrey, to design contractor needed to check that by producing standard floors. A column-free environment is the site was safe for the steelwork arrangements in the form of ‘look now the definition of flexible space, satellite support structures using 10 SuSTaiNabiliTy a relatively new invention called a construction sites are much safer now contractor to begin working. up tables’ and latterly software, a allowing many tenants of a building desktop computer. than they were 35 years ago, in issuing a Safe Site handover lot of time and money has been to fit out floors to their own needs. Steel construction has always had The Olivetti P101 was used to especially for the steel erector who certificate, the main contractor saved and scope for error reduced. extremely high sustainability carry out repeat calculations to commonly works from height. A would verify that the site was safe credentials, particularly when optimise the structures, which combination of compulsory fall arrest by using a checklist specific to considering the whole cradle to 6 fire eNgiNeeriNg aNd low-coST fire proTecTioN 9 codeS & STaNdardS would be located in Hong Kong systems and elevated platforms to steelwork operations. grave lifecycle of a building. and East Africa and be subject to Fire engineering has been a major The steel sector has invested Steel members can be reused or hurricane force winds. Although advance, made possible by the steel heavily in guides and software to recycled readily when a building is he enjoyed the experience of sector’s investment into how whole support BS 5950 for the design of demolished. The BCSA has invested 2 from fabriCators to steelwork ContraCtors structural design and computer buildings actually behave in fires, as steel structures and to help it in Target Zero, a project with Tata programming, Dr Tordoff was keen A fabricator used to be a company opposed to analysing how a single become recognised as a worldwide Steel, which provides fully costed to broaden his knowledge and, as which built whatever was specified in member fares in a furnace test. benchmark for efficient design. detailed guidance for designers on part of his professional training, drawings submitted to it. nowadays, Detailed analysis can now determine It has also helped the UK to how to create highly sustainable, spent the next year of his career these specialists give advice on the that fire protection may not be become a world leader in steel low and zero-carbon developments. building highways and bridges on most economical way to fabricate required on some members, but may protection coating used to be construction. The sector is currently Research says the amount of the new M62 motorway for main elements and on the buildability of be critical on others. sprayed onto steel members in a offering a similar level of support concrete in a composite floor slab contractor Dowsett Engineering. structures, providing a complete Also, as steel’s popularity has finished building, but now on the introduction of the provides sufficient thermal mass to When the year was up, design, fabricate and erect package. grown, better and lower cost intumescent coatings work more Eurocodes for structural design aid cooling a building and that a Dr Tordoff returned to academia to these companies are now better protective materials have been efficiently and are routinely applied through research, training and concrete framed building might study for a PhD on the optimum defined as ‘steelwork contractors’. developed. A fibre-based fire offsite to give a cleaner finish. design guides. need more energy to heat it up. design of steel box girder bridges. Dr Tordoff’s computer skills came to the fore as he adapted He stayed with bridges on his new bridge design code BS 5400. so that consultants wouldn’t be putting them out to tender. “Steel complexity of designing in steel towards improving steel’s share of and fatalities have fallen by 60 per software produced for NASA’s next job at consultant Travers Just prior to this, steel bridge put off specifying steel structures. bridges came back cheaper in 11 was holding back its use. the construction market. Through cent in the last 10 years. But what space programme for the Morgan, where he designed design had suffered a dip in “At the time, most bridges were out of 12 of the designs, which It commissioned computer design aids, seminars, advice from makes him equally satisfied is the construction industry. concrete bridges and wrote popularity following some high- made of concrete, so another thing was how we came to see steel’s programs to be written for single- regional technical managers as current statistics showing that NASA’s program was designed computer programs to profile box girder bridge collapses. we worked on in conjunction with rise in popularity.” storey and multi-storey structures well as advertising campaigns, the 70 per cent of all multi-storey to determine the best spacecraft standardise bridge designs for New rules had been published in the DfT was the dual design Moving from bridges to to aid designers through this BCSA and the then British Steel buildings are made from steel, design for travelling to the moon. the Department for Transport. response that made designing in scheme,” recalls Dr Tordoff. buildings, the new steel design transition. The software is still (now Tata Steel) worked together compared with 30 per cent when Dr Tordoff had his sights closer to His interest and experience in steel extremely complicated. code BS 5950 changed the used today under its commercial to make sure the advantages of he became director general. home: developing solutions for bridge design optimisation was put The BS 5400 code would take Convincing success philosophy of structural design name, Fastrak. using steel were better understood. steel box girder bridges that to good use in 1976, when he joined these recommendations into The BCSA convinced the DfT to from being based on permissible In 1984, Dr Tordoff became BCSA Over the years, he is most proud www.steelconstruction. satisfied design criteria and were the BCSA as chief engineer and account, but in consultation with scheme up a dozen bridge designs stresses to limit state, and the director general, where his role of the improvements made in org/history Read a history of optimised in terms of cost. assisted in the development of the BCSA, would be more user-friendly in both steel and concrete before BCSA realised again that the involved a more focused approach health and safety, where accidents the use of steel in construction

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mainTaining flexibiliTy For structural engineer Campbell second and fifth floors. A strict sequence Reith, the main constraint was to This affected the design in two design a six-storey building from ways. Firstly, a 6.5 m by 8 m opening second floor level which also had to had to be left in the steelwork to A tight schedule and a structure with three distinct framing solutions span 25 m across a service yard. allow Big Yellow access to install the makes building Big Yellow’s storage facility more challenging than it looks “We looked at various options mezzanine levels. This had to be including installing a bridge deck at stiffened with additional steelwork. the second floor, but it would have Secondly, columns that would been too heavy and too deep, and eventually support the legs of the project report require [more complicated] plated mezzanine levels had to be The finished building will attract steel girders,” recalls Campbell Reith strengthened. Stability of the service ruby kitching the attention of around 80,000 project partner Andrew Frost. yard/six-storey hung structure is Project Big Yellow self-storage unit, people using the M4 daily The solution was in the roof where achieved via the steel-framed stair Chiswick, London the barrel vault shape offered enough and triple lift cores, as well as the space to accommodate a 4 m-deep vierendeel trusses that also support Client truss from which all six storeys could cantilevered balconies. Big Yellow Self Storage Company be hung. Vierendeel trusses made up “A steel frame was ideal for this Architect Mountford Pigott of fully welded beams and columns at job because of the convenience of Main contractor each floor level running in the same erection,” says Mr Frost. “The main McLaren Construction direction as the roof trusses stiffened advantage is that you can leave out up the structure. Since these floor panels, which can be easily Structural engineer Campbell Reith elements, by definition, lack the filled in later. Steel provides that kind Steelwork contractor diagonal element of a truss, of flexibility which you couldn’t really Caunton Engineering circulation space throughout the get with concrete.” building was also maintained. The two-storey structure will be Main contractor McLaren is To maintain future flexibility, topped by a green/brown roof to building storage company Big client Big Yellow required that some alleviate rainwater run-off. Other Yellow’s flagship building in levels should be omitted in the main sustainable features include London – a gleaming seven-storey keen to commission a much shape, the two-storey building to structures. These would be added rainwater harvesting, storm water steel structure which, to meet the more ambitious design than the east also started to gather pace. during the fit-out stage using attenuation tanks and photovoltaic tight 40-week construction usual in order to catch the eye of However, the west end of this to leave openings in the second operations on three parts of the The 12,000 sq m facility is bespoke steel and timber mezzanine cells, which will help provide some of programme, has to be built all those potential customers. two-storey building would block and fifth floors,” explains Caunton site and the entire structure flanked by a busy rail line structures which would sit on the the building’s energy requirements. simultaneously on all elevations. A Sotherby’s auction house access to the east elevation, so it project manager Gareth Skelton. comprising steel elements, mobile and the m4 motorway As a result, a strict construction warehouse previously occupied could only be completed once Beams at each level provided cranes were favoured over static sequence is required to complete the land and was demolished by the east elevation had been permanent bracing to the west tower cranes. McLaren project BIG YELLOW SELF STORAGE the project safely and on time. contractor 777 Demolition prior to structurally completed and clad. elevation columns. Three 23 m- manager Andy Plail says: “With Building hung from 23m long roof trusses On top of that, special McLaren arriving on site in May Once the central portal frame long trusses were then connected the amount of hook time needed Portal framed section consideration must be given to all this year. The new building was up to full height, three 26 m- to the roof level steelwork of the for all the steelwork and cladding site operations, as the work is occupies about half the site, tall 914 x 409 x 343 section west central portal framed building at within such a tight programme, taking place next to a busy rail enabling the contractor to have elevation columns could be one end and to the top of the west we’ve needed up to four 50-tonne Mezzanine floors installed by Big Yellow line on one side and adjacent to decent-sized storage and loading erected. These were made up of a elevation columns at the other. cranes at any one time.” 7th floor the M4. areas and other site facilities. 16 m lower section supported off a Side elevation columns were Mobile cranes could be deployed 6th floor The structure is also quite The east elevation of the central pilecap spliced on site to a 10 m then erected. as and when required and were unusual. The steel-framed building portal frame section was first to upper section. ideal for the majority of members, 5th floor is made up of three sections, each go up, but three full height west The 26 m-tall column would Swift programme which weighed less than 5 tonnes. 4th floor with different structural solutions. elevation columns, which would eventually support the 23 m-long The erection of the columns took When Caunton’s 20-tonne truss Two storey section 3rd floor The central section is the most eventually support the roof steel roof trusses. Tensioned Tirfor just one week, while the trusses arrived on site, it was lifted into straightforward for steelwork trusses, had to be erected almost wire ropes were used to support went up in just one day. These place using a 200-tonne crawler 2nd floor contractor Caunton Engineering, concurrently. And while the east the columns during erection 23 m-long trusses travelled in crane. All elements were bolted 1st floor 25m x 25m double height being an eight-storey portal frame elevation of the portal frame took while the rest of the structure, complete lengths from Caunton’s together on site, since this would service yard structure. Adjoining it is a six- including the 23 m vierendeel Nottingham fabrication yard to be quicker than site-welding. The storey section to the west, which trusses, were built. reach the site by 7am on the floor was in-situ concrete on a is hung from a roof truss and ‘sits’ Floors were only constructed on morning of erection. composite steel deck with a power over a double-height service yard. “A steel frame the second and fifth floors, since Forethought had ensured that floated finish. was deemed easier to apply the generally want to get a building Concreting had just been A third structural solution was ideal for this client Big Yellow would install the site access ramp from the A4 Each element will be sprayed coating after erection to avoid watertight first, but here, the completed when CN visited the involves a two-storey simple levels three and four and six dual carriageway was wide with intumescent fire protection damage during handling. building has to be loaded with the site in late September and framed structure, which fills the job because of and seven using its bespoke enough to allow these colossal once the building is sealed, a Another quirk of the project concrete first,” explains Mr Plail. cladding was going up in earnest. remaining east end of the plot. the convenience mezzanine floor system (see box). elements to be turned into the task which will take eight was that the west end suspended Had the cladding been applied The shell will be handed over Its prominent location means “The final fit-out also includes site, rather than having to winch weeks. This is to prevent any building with the service yard before concreting, it would have to Big Yellow in the new year, around 80,000 people pass the of erection” the installation of staircases and them in from the road. particles becoming airborne and could not be clad before levels two caused the suspended steelwork with the building opening in structure daily, so Big Yellow was andrew frost, campbell reith lifts, which has meant we’ve had With concurrent critical path reaching drivers on the M4. It and five were concreted. “You to move and the cladding to fail. May 2012.

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needed to heat up a building.” CASE BUILDINGS Another misnomer which is addressed by the study is the Target Zero base case buildings Buildings on target definition of embodied energy. were created from the designs for Many analysts consider embodied actual buildings that were energy on a cradle-to-gate generously provided by leading Government policy states that by 2019 all new non-domestic buildings should timescale, which only goes as far organisations including Balfour be built to the highest possible environmental standards and with the ability as considering the energy used to Beatty, Prologis, Asda, the factory gate and ignores any Development Securities and Peel to generate the little energy they need to function – zero carbon in operation later burdens or benefits. Leisure. The actual buildings were The cradle-to-grave definition sustainability exemplars, so it was ZERO CARBON wider environmental issues, of embodied energy considers the necessary to re-engineer the designs to just meet the minimum ruby kitching taking it beyond the steel frame.” full lifecycle and takes into The original question asked by account the energy required to requirements of Part L (2006). BCSA and Tata Steel – “how do we extract the raw material, design steel-framed buildings manufacturing and transporting n Schools Based on the Christ the that minimise carbon emissions?” it as well as what happens after its King Centre for Learning secondary – has been comprehensively current use has expired. school in Knowsley, Merseyside. A The complete results of a £1 million addressed in the reports. steel-framed building with a 9,637 three-year research programme Independent consultants End-of-life issues sq m gross internal floor area to into the measures needed to Aecom and Cyril Sweett carried The report supports the position accommodate 900 pupils and 50 achieve zero-carbon emissions in out the work, which involved that for zero-carbon buildings, staff. five basic building types, that each taking five building types based embodied energy should n Warehouses Based on the DC3 formed one phase of a five-part on actual buildings and then fundamentally consider the distribution warehouse at Prologis study, have just been published. theoretically stripping them cradle-to-grave definition. Park, Stoke. A 35 m span, steel The Target Zero project was down to meet the minimum very little difference to the multi-storey office in a built-up achieving significant reductions equates to more thermal mass, “For me, it’s critical that the portal frame structure. commissioned by the British requirements for the 2006 Part L operational efficiency of a new city centre. In these locations, in operational energy use. which is good for the environment, embodied carbon of a building n Supermarkets Based on the Constructional Steelwork of the Building Regulations. These building. So, despite being funded buildings are often surrounded by The study also investigates the there is sufficient thermal mass in considers the cradle-to-grave Asda food store in Stockton-on- Association and steel became the base case buildings. by the steel industry, the study’s other high-rise and sit on a tight current trend for naturally the precast concrete or composite timescale, because the cradle-to- Tees. A two-storey steel-framed manufacturer Tata Steel to offer findings are as relevant to concrete footprint, so there is little moderating a building’s internal floors of steel-framed buildings, gate concept only covers half the structure of 9,393 sq m floor area. some guidance on how to go On the case and timber-framed buildings. opportunity for significant solar temperature by using its thermal and that some concrete buildings job,” says BCSA vice-president and n Offices Based on One Kingdom about designing and building to Each base case building was The research reveals that the or wind power to play a part in mass. The phenomenon allows could be described as having too Target Zero project sponsor Richard Street, London. A 10-storey, double the highest environmental adapted to make it as energy government’s 2013 target to reduce offsetting such a building’s heavy heat energy to be absorbed by the much thermal mass. Barrett. He adds:“Understanding basement steel-frame building standards. Crucially, the costs of efficient as possible in terms of carbon emissions by 44 per cent reliance on artificial heating, material, usually concrete, “If you expose thermal mass, it the whole-life cost of a building is with fabricated cellular steel adopting different low- and zero- improving the building’s embodied compared with 2006 levels under cooling and lighting. releasing it later. will save money on cooling a essential and to do that you have to beams supporting a lightweight carbon technologies are presented energy (the energy used to create Part L of the Building Regulations The Target Zero reports reveal building, but if there is too much of look at the end-of-life issues of concrete slab on a profiled steel within the guidance reports, it), operational energy (the energy could be relatively easily achieved Solar potential that too much thermal mass in a it, you can end up wasting energy everything that goes into a deck. which are available free of charge used to run it), and BREEAM rating in most new buildings using The most favourable scenarios for building can actually be just heating the mass rather than building– not just the 30 to 40 years’ n Mixed-use Based on the Holiday at www.targetzero.info. – the industry standard for energy-efficiency measures and achieving Target Zero are in single- detrimental to efficient heating the space,” explains Aecom head of life of a building itself.” Inn tower, MediaCityUK, “The government has set up a measuring sustainability of a adoption of low- or zero-carbon storey large warehouses that can and cooling. It also explains that sustainability Ant Wilson. This definition of embodied Manchester. A 17-storey steel frame policy to achieve zero-carbon building. The structure types technologies, such as photovoltaics. offer large roof areas for solar while it is generally thought that “Exposing too much thermal mass energy works out favourably from structure with Slimdek floors and emissions in new non-domestic analysed were schools, warehouses, This would be without significant energy production, says the study. more concrete in a building can actually mean more energy is a sustainability point of view for two concrete cores. buildings by 2019, but there is very supermarkets, offices and mixed- additional cost. Clearly, some factors of building materials such as steel, which are little guidance on how to achieve use buildings. “There are lots of ways to reduce design cannot be determined easily reused or recycled when a this,” says Target Zero project One of the resounding findings carbon emissions from new purely by what produces the most COSt UpLIft tO AChIEvE hIGhEr BrEEAM rAtINGS building is decommissioned. In Excellent can be achieved at a manager David Moore. “What of the study relates to the fact that buildings, but achieving zero sustainable solution – a building’s Building ve r y g o o d Excellent Outstanding this respect it compares favourably modest premium,” says Mr Todd. we’ve developed is holistic the choice of framing material, operational emissions is only part height and orientation is often with materials such as structural The report states: ‘The cost guidance, which includes the regardless of building type, makes of the balanced approach that is fixed by commercial factors or School 0.2% 0.7% 5.8% timber that are far less likely to be uplift on most buildings to achieve required for truly sustainable planning regulations, often making Warehouse 0.1% 0.4% 4.8% reused or recycled when a building BREEAM Very Good is relatively design. Attention needs to be given it impossible to incorporate a wind Supermarket 0.2% 1.8% 10.1% has reached the end of its life. small. For well-designed buildings, to embodied carbon and the turbine or solar power. Lastly, perhaps one of the most the cost uplift to achieve an measures that achieve the highest However, the reports point to Office 0.2% 0.8% 9.8% thought-provoking outcomes of Excellent rating is usually below 1 BREEAM ratings, as well as some situations where optimising Mixed-use 0.1% 1.6% 4.9% the study is in analysing the cost of per cent of the capital cost. But to operational energy,” says Tata Steel aspects of design, such as measures which need to be put achieve an Outstanding rating, the general manager and Target Zero orientation, can have a huge into place to achieve higher cost uplift is over 5 per cent in project sponsor Alan Todd.“Just impact on carbon emissions. In The Target Zero study modelled the top three BREEAM ratings BREEAM ratings. “It is useful for many cases, for even the best- focusing on one of these aspects the supermarket case study, a number of different routes for the actual case study clients to have a clear idea of the designed buildings.’ and disregarding the others is research found that lighting that designers could take to building, demonstrating the cost implications of achieving the The five Target Zero reports are unlikely to result in a truly represented around half of the obtain Very Good, Excellent and significant capital cost involved higher BREEAM ratings. The Target filled with factual data captured sustainable building,” he adds. total operational carbon emissions Outstanding BREEAM ratings. in achieving an Outstanding Zero study shows that across all during the study, including lots of The study identifies that one of for the base case building. This table shows the uplift BREEAM-rated building. Visit five building types an Outstanding tips and guidance to help reduce the toughest scenarios for So optimum roof light design and costs calculated to achieve www.targetzero.info rating comes at a significant cost carbon emissions and deliver achieving zero carbon is that of a orientation would be key to uplift, whereas Very Good or sustainable modern buildings.

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Beausseron. “However, once the The museum takes bracing – which is curved to shape adjacent to match the perimeter shape – another historic was installed, each bay was In the frame ship, HMS Victory stabilised, allowing the next bay to be erected.” One of the most ambitious heritage projects in recent times is under More steelwork is connected to way at Portsmouth Dockyard with the construction of a finely crafted the perimeter columns, to form the visitor and object galleries permanent home for Henry VIII’s flagship, the Mary Rose that encircle the museum’s interior. The visitor galleries curve project report dock in which the Mary Rose reflecting the structure of the to mimic a ship’s deck and these MARTIN COOPER currently sits. original ship and the nearby HMS were formed by staggered beams For the Mary Rose Trust, the Victory. The planks will be painted supporting the flooring. Project Mary Rose Museum, project represents a dream come black and inscribed with carvings Truss solution Portsmouth true. “It will combine the two used by crew to identify their halves for the first time,” says the personal belongings. The lower ground floor of the Main client Mary Rose Trust Trust’s Chris Dobbs. “Visitors will Constructing a building which museum houses not only the Architect Wilkinson Eyre soon be able to view the preserved not only encases the ship’s hull hull’s ‘hot box’ but also an array of hull right alongside many of the but also the dry dock in which it necessary equipment and plant Interior architect Pringle Brandon ship’s objects.” nestles has thrown up a number for ongoing conversation work. So Main contractor Warings of construction challenges. as not to interrupt the important Structural engineer Design concept The dock itself is a Scheduled work taking place, two large Gifford (part of Ramboll) Having won a design competition Ancient Monument, so there was trusses span this plant area, in 2004, Wilkinson Eyre and a requirement for minimal forming a large column-free zone. Steelwork contractor “Prior to installing these Rowecord Engineering Pringle Brandon’s concept interference to the original revolves around the preserved stonework. Something trusses a crash deck was installed starboard portion of the hull lightweight was needed, a during the enabling works to Described as one of Britain’s most sitting in the middle of the new structural frame which could also protect the equipment,” says important archaeological finds, boat-shaped structure. A sort of span the dock without interfering Mr Beausseron. King Henry VIII’s naval flagship, pearl within its oyster shell, as with the conservation work going When the conservation work the Mary Rose, will soon be architect Chris Wilkinson on in the midst of the site. is complete in 2016 and all of housed in a new purpose-built describes it. “The complex shape of the the equipment is removed, this museum alongside thousands of Within the museum there structure and the need for a “the complex area will become a new public objects that were salvaged with will be three visitor galleries, lightweight solution meant steel shape of the The preserved hull of the gallery. Positioned at lower the ship’s hull in 1982. corresponding to the principal was the only real choice,” Mary Rose will finally be ground floor level, it will offer Since being raised from the deck levels of the ship. These will explains Gifford technical structure and unwrapped within its new visitors another view of the Solent 30 years ago, the remnants run the length of the building, director Ben Rowe. the need for a steel framed home in 2016 unwrapped hull. of the ship and its artefacts have imitating the missing port side The original design proposed Topping the boat-shaped captured the public’s imagination, of the vessel and allowing the by Gifford was subsequently lightweight museum is an elliptical roof, with thousands visiting the original artefacts to be displayed developed further by Warings solution meant which was prefabricated off site current museum in Portsmouth in context. subcontractor CSC. The company and lifted into place over the dock, Dockyard every year. All through the construction has played a significant role in steel was the again minimising disruption to The preserved objects offer a process the hull has remained ensuring the steel framework and only real choice” the conservation activities and unique insight into the life and in the middle of the project, supports were affordable. following a precise methodology BEN ROWE, GIFFORD times of a Tudor warship as many in its ‘hot box’ – a tent-like The building’s main steel to reduce the risk of objects of the artefacts have remained structure in which air-drying columns sit on pads, which are falling on to the hull. unscathed since the fateful day in is proceeding, a conservation isolated from the dock’s stonework Supporting the roof is a series 1545 when the Mary Rose sank. process which will not be by a structural membrane. The The building’s irregular shape of 32 m-long curved rafters, About 1,000 of the 1,900 completed until 2016. pads not only protect the dock has been formed with a number installed in three sections, to recovered objects are currently on Until then visitors will be able but also distribute the structure’s of faceted columns that rise avoid having to work above the display in the existing museum – to see this process through loads evenly. outwards from the pads and then ‘hot box’. the new facility will have more viewing ports positioned along rake inwards to create the Steelwork erection and the space for exhibits – while the each of the gallery levels. On Hull structure appearance of a ship’s hull. installation of the roof was hull itself has been undergoing completion of the air-drying From the dock the steel frame The crank or change in completed during August. preservation work, housed in a phase, the ‘hot box’ will be rises up and encloses the hull in direction happens at a number of Internal fit-out has now started, temporary structure in a nearby removed, allowing visitors new an elliptically shaped structure. multi-connections, positioned with the museum scheduled to dry dock. and dramatic views of the ship’s The frame also includes two approximately 3 m from ground accepts the two column sections, arrived at the project in the match the original size of the open at the end of 2012. The project, largely funded by a original timbers. pavilions, on the north and south level, a point which is nearly a but also cross beams, floor beams required exact configuration. Mary Rose’s gun ports. Meanwhile, preservation work grant from the Heritage Lottery The new museum has also side of the structure – one will third of the way up the building’s and tubular bracing. All of the The main columns forming “Steelwork was erected one continues apace on the Mary Rose Fund, will see the Tudor warship been described as a finely crafted, house the entrance foyer while side. Each of these hub connections were prefabricated the building’s rib cage are spaced bay at a time, using some hull and it will be carefully dried finally ensconced in a permanent wooden jewellery box, as it will the other will accommodate an connections, designed by off site and this ensured these at 3 m intervals, a width that temporary propping,” explains out within the new facility until building, positioned over this dry be clad in timber planks both educational suite. Rowecord Engineering, not only complex pieces of steelwork means the structural bays Warings project manager Nicolas being finally unveiled in 2016.

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