Szatipatthána a Megvalósítás Egyenes Útja Análajó Szatipatthána a Megvalósítás Egyenes Útja

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Szatipatthána a Megvalósítás Egyenes Útja Análajó Szatipatthána a Megvalósítás Egyenes Útja A MEGVALÓSÍTÁS EGYENES ÚTJA A TAN KAPUJA A TAN Análajó Szatipatthána A megvalósítás egyenes útja Análajó SZATIPATTHÁNA A megvalósítás egyenes útja A Tan Kapuja Buddhista Főiskola Budapest, 2007 A fordítás az alábbi kiadás alapján készült: Anālayo: Satipaṭṭhāna – The Direct Path to Realization, Windhorse Publications, 2003. © Anālayo 2003 A kiadó ezúton mond köszönetet a szerzőnek, Análajó szerzetesnek, hogy a kiadás jogait mint Dhammadánát bocsátotta rendelkezésünkre. Fordította Tóth Zsuzsanna Szerkesztette és lektorálta Farkas Pál A borítón levő fényképet a nagy ülő Buddha-szoborról, Srí Lanka ősi királyi városában, Polonnaruvában, Novák Tibor készítette. ISBN 978-963-86513-6-5 Tartalomjegyzék Az ábrák jegyzéke ..........................................................................................................8 A szerzőről ......................................................................................................................9 Köszönetnyilvánítás ......................................................................................................9 Bevezetés .......................................................................................................................11 A Satipaṭṭhāna sutta fordítása ....................................................................................13 I. Az egyenes ösvény általános aspektusai ..............................................................23 I.1. A Satipaṭṭhāna sutta áttekintése ........................................................................23 I.2. A négy satipaṭṭhāna áttekintése ........................................................................26 I.3. Az egyes satipaṭṭhānák jelentősége a megvalósítás szempontjából ............29 I.4. Az egyes satipaṭṭhānák sajátosságai .................................................................31 I.5. Az „egyenes ösvény” ........................................................................................34 I.6. A satipaṭṭhāna kifejezés ......................................................................................36 II. A Satipaṭṭhāna sutta „meghatározás-része” ........................................................38 II.1. Szemlélődés .......................................................................................................39 II.2. Az igyekezet (ātāpī) jelentősége .....................................................................41 II.3. Tiszta tudással (sampajāna)..............................................................................46 II.4. Éberség és tiszta tudás ....................................................................................48 III. Sati ............................................................................................................................50 III.1. A tudás megközelítése a korai buddhizmusban ........................................50 III.2. Sati .....................................................................................................................52 III.3. A sati szerepe és helye ....................................................................................55 III.4. A satival kapcsolatos hasonlatok ..................................................................59 III.5 A sati jellemzői és funkciói .............................................................................63 III.6. A sati és az összeszedettség (samādhi) ..........................................................67 IV. Az összeszedettség jelentősége ............................................................................72 IV.1. Mentesség a vágytól és elégedetlenségtől ...................................................72 IV.2. Összeszedettség, helyes összeszedettség és elmélyedés ...........................77 IV.3. Elmélyedés és megvalósítás ..........................................................................83 IV.4 Az elmélyedés szerepe a belátás fejlődésében .............................................90 IV.5. Nyugalom és belátás ......................................................................................93 V. A Satipaṭṭhāna-refrén ..............................................................................................96 V.1. Belső és külső szemlélődés .............................................................................99 V.2. A belső és a külső szemlélődés további lehetséges értelmezései ............102 V.3. Mulandóság .....................................................................................................106 V.4. A függő keletkezés (paṭicca samuppāda) .......................................................110 V.5. A függő keletkezés elve és gyakorlati alkalmazása ..................................113 szatipattháNA V.6. A puszta tudatosság és a semmihez sem kötődés .....................................115 VI. A test ......................................................................................................................120 VI.2. A test fölötti szemlélődés célja és haszna .................................................124 VI.3. A légzésre irányuló éberség ........................................................................128 VI.4. Az Ānāpānasati sutta .....................................................................................135 VI.5. Testhelyzetek és tevékenységek .................................................................138 VI.6. Testrészek és elemek ....................................................................................147 VI.7. A bomló holttest és a halál-meditáció .......................................................153 VII. Az érzések ............................................................................................................157 VII.2. Az érzések és a nézetek (diṭṭhi) .................................................................161 VII.3. A kellemes érzés és az öröm jelentősége .................................................164 VII.4. A kellemetlen érzés .....................................................................................168 VII.5. A semleges érzések .....................................................................................171 VIII. A tudat ................................................................................................................173 VIII.2. A tudatállapotra jellemző nem reagáló tudatosság ..............................175 VIII.3. A négy „közönséges” tudatállapot ..........................................................177 VIII.4. A négy „magasabb” tudatállapot ............................................................179 IX. Dhammák: az akadályok ....................................................................................182 IX.2. Az öt akadály fölötti szemlélődés ..............................................................186 IX.3. Az akadályok felismerésének fontossága .................................................189 IX.4. Az akadály jelenlétének vagy hiányának feltételei .................................191 X. Dhammák: a halmazok ........................................................................................200 X.2. Az anattā tanításának történelmi kontextusa .............................................206 X.3. Az empirikus én és a halmazok fölötti szemlélődés ................................207 X.4. A halmazok keletkezése és elmúlása ..........................................................211 XI. Dhammák: az érzékterületek .............................................................................214 XI.2. Az észlelési folyamat ....................................................................................220 XI.3. Kognitív tréning ............................................................................................224 XI.4. A Bāhiyának adott útmutatás .....................................................................227 XII. Dhammák: a felébredési tényezők ...................................................................231 XII.2. A felébredési tényezők feltételekhez kötött sorozata .............................233 XII.3. A felébredési tényezők jótékony hatásai ..................................................237 XIII. Dhammák: a négy nemes igazság ..................................................................241 XIII.1. A dukkha jelentésárnyalatai .......................................................................241 XIII.2. A négy nemes igazság ...............................................................................243 XIII.3. A négy nemes igazság fölötti szemlélődés .............................................245 XIV. Megvalósítás .......................................................................................................247 XIV.1. Fokozatos és hirtelen .................................................................................248 TartaloMjEgyZÉK XIV.2. A Nibbāna és etikai következményei ........................................................253 XIV.3. A Nibbāna fogalma a korai buddhizmusban ..........................................256 XIV.4. Nibbāna: sem mindent magába foglaló egység, sem megsemmisülés ..258 XV. Összegzés .............................................................................................................262 XV.1. A satipaṭṭhāna kulcsfontosságú aspektusai ...............................................262 XV.2. A satipaṭṭhāna jelentősége ............................................................................266 Irodalomjegyzék .........................................................................................................273
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