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A History of Vermont
Ill Class ^:_49_ Book XlX_ Copyright]^!' COPyRlGHT DEPOSIT Thomas Chittenden The first governor of Vermont HISTORY OF VERMONT BY EDWARD DAY COLLINS, Ph.D. Formerly Instructor in History in Yale University WITH GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, CHRONOLOGY, MAPS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS BOSTON, U.S.A. GINN &L COMPANY, PUBLISHERS d)e ^tl)ensettm pregg * 1903 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Two CoPtcS Received OCT :9 1903 ICLAS8 A-XXc No, UC{ t ^ ^ COPY B. Copyright, 1903, by EDWARD DAY COLLINS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREFACE The charm of romance surrounds the discovery, explo- ration, and settlement of Vermont. The early records of the state offer an exceptional field for the study of social groups placed in altogether primitive and almost isolated conditions ; while in political organization this commonwealth illustrates the development of a truly organic unity. The state was for fourteen years an independent republic, prosperous and well administered. This book is an attempt to portray the conditions of life in this state since its discovery by white men, and to indicate what the essential features of its social, eco- nomic, and political development have been. It is an attempt, furthermore, to do this in such a way as to furnish those who are placed under legal requirement to give instruction in the history of the state an oppor- tunity to comply with the spirit as well as with the letter of the law. Instruction in state history rests on a perfectly sound pedagogical and historical basis. It only demands that the same facilities be afforded in the way of texts, biblio- graphical aids, and statistical data, as are demanded in any other field of historical work, and that the most approved methods of study and teaching be followed. -
Response Summary for Comments Received on the Vermont 2010 Draft Versions of The
Response summary for comments received on the Vermont 2010 Draft versions of the: 303(d) List of Impaired Waters (Part A) List of Priority Waters (Parts B-G) Attachment A: Part B justification for Big Spruce Brook Attachment B: 1272 Order issued to Stowe Mountain Resort Draft Lists Comment Period A public comment period was established upon the release of the draft 2010 303(d) List of Impaired Waters and the 2010 List of Priority Waters (the Lists) from March 11, 2010 through April 9, 2010. In conjunction with the release of the draft Lists, an informational public meeting was conducted in Waterbury on March 24, 2010 to present the Lists and to answer any questions. At the close of the public comment period, VTDEC had received comments from the following seven parties: Commenter: Submitted by: Identification: City of Rutland Same Rutland Stowe Mountain Resort VHB/Pioneer Stowe Windham Regional Commission, Natural Same WRC Resources Committee Stratton Area Citizen’s Committee Same SACC USEPA Region 1 Same USEPA1 Bromley Mountain Ski Resort VHB/Pioneer Bromley Summit Ventures NE, LLC (Sugarbush Resort) VHB/Pioneer Sugarbush Some comments have been edited or paraphrased for greater clarity and brevity, but every effort was made to preserve the original meaning and context. Comments are grouped according to pertinent sections of the lists. Part A and Interim List Comments 1. Comment: We are concerned that sediment has been removed as a pollutant from the West River below Ball Mt Dam to Townshend Dam -10miles (VT11-10). It appears that the sediment that was released from Ball Mt Lake into the West River below the Ball Mt Dam over 10 years ago has been washed away enough to create an equilibrium in the flow of sediment. -
Hydropower Resource Assessment at Non-Powered Usace Sites
HYDROPOWER RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AT NON-POWERED USACE SITES Prepared by the Hydropower Analysis Center for USACE Headquarters July 2013 Final Report Hydropower Resource Assessment at Non-Powered USACE Sites EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is the largest owner-operator of hydropower plants in the United States, with 75 plants and an installed capability of 21,000 megawatts (MW), or about 24% of the total hydroelectric capacity. This report describes a national hydropower resource assessment study that assessed the potential and economic feasibility of adding hydroelectric power to these non- powered USACE projects over a 50-year period of analysis. Site Selection In selecting non-powered USACE projects with hydropower potential, the study employed a 2012 report by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) that identified the hydropower potential of 54,000 non- powered dams in the United States. Among these dams, 419 were USACE non-powered dams. This number was reduced to 223 sites using the following screening, as shown on the table below. • Generate 1 MW or more of potential hydropower. • No current Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) license. • No obvious hindrances in developing hydropower. Distribution of USACE Sites with Potential Hydropower Capability FERC Preliminary or No FERC Permits Total Projects Pending Preliminary Permit Division Identified Total Percentage Total Percent Number of Total Number of Total Great Lakes & Ohio River (LRD) 71 40 56% 31 44% Mississippi Valley (MVD) 50 28 56% 22 44% Southwestern (SWD) 39 7 18% 32 82% North Atlantic (NAD) 21 2 10% 19 90% South Atlantic (SAD) 19 8 42% 11 58% Northwestern (NWD) 12 5 42% 7 58% South Pacific (SPD) 11 2 18% 9 82% USACE Total 223 92 41% 131 59% Data Collection To improve the study data, the daily hydraulic head and flow values for all 223 sites were obtained. -
The New Deal Versus Yankee Independence: the Failure of Comprehensive Development on the Connecticut River, and Its Long-Term Consequences
The New Deal versus Yankee independence: The failure of comprehensive development on the Connecticut River, and its long-term consequences Eve Vogel1 Department of Geosciences, UMass Amherst With assistance from Alexandra Lacy 2011 alumna (BS, Environmental Sciences), UMass Amherst Adapted from: Vogel, Eve and Alexandra Lacy. Forthcoming. The New Deal versus Yankee independence: The failure of comprehensive development on the Connecticut River, and its long-term consequences. The Northeastern Geographer 4 (2) Introduction For a person familiar with federal dams on major rivers in the American West or South, a visit to an Army Corps of Engineers dam in New England’s largest river basin, the Connecticut, can be a startling experience. Instead of an extended reservoir, one looks down from the empty heights and on both sides sees only a small river far below. Nor is there the fanfare – the visitors center, the historical information, the celebratory propaganda. Simply finding one of the Connecticut River’s federal dams can take some effort. None are on the mainstem. One must drive through the bucolic New England byways and forested hills to find a dam on a tributary (See Figure 1). For New Englanders, the near-invisibility of federal dams may not seem surprising. New England’s history and identity, including the Connecticut Valley’s, seem to rest with the small- to medium-scale development of rivers with mill dams during the 17th thru 19th centuries (e.g. Delaney 1983; Steinberg 1991). It might be more startling for many to learn that during the mid- twentieth century, the federal government did build a series of very large dams in the Connecticut Basin, which have had profound effect on the river. -
Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study Report
Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study STUDY REPORT A watershed-scale assessment of the potential for flow restoration through dam re-operation THE NATURE CONSERVANCY, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST The Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study A watershed-scale assessment of the potential for flow restoration through dam re-operation Katie Kennedy, The Nature Conservancy Kim Lutz, The Nature Conservancy Christopher Hatfield, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Leanna Martin, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Townsend Barker, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Richard Palmer, University of Massachusetts Amherst Luke Detwiler, University of Massachusetts Amherst Jocelyn Anleitner, University of Massachusetts Amherst John Hickey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kennedy, K., K. Lutz, C. Hatfield, L. Martin, T. Barker, R. Palmer, L. Detwiler, J. Anleitner, J. Hickey. 2018. The Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study: A watershed-scale assessment of the potential for flow restoration through dam re-operation. The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and University of Massachusetts Amherst. Northampton, MA. Available: http://nature.org/ctriverwatershed For a quick, easy-to-read overview of the Connecticut River Watershed Study, see our companion “Study Overview” document, available at: http://nature.org/ctriverwatershed June 2018 Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................................................................................1 -
Progress Report on River Basin Water Quality Management Planning During 2010
PROGRESS REPORT ON RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING DURING 2010 A REPORT FOR: HOUSE & SENATE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE HOUSE & SENATE COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY JANUARY 2011 PREPARED BY: VERMONT AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION WATER QUALITY DIVISION 103 SOUTH MAIN STREET WATERBURY, VT 05671 www.vtwaterquality.org Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................3 Section 1) Statewide Surface Water Management Strategy - a Framework for Statewide Efforts to Guide Surface Water Management.................................................................................................................................5 Protecting & Improving Surface Waters by Managing Stressors ....................................................................5 What are the 10 Major Stressors affecting Vermont’s surface waters? ...........................................................6 Using the Stressor Approach to Evaluate Program Effectiveness ...................................................................6 Tactical Basin Planning: Managing waters along a gradient of condition.......................................................6 WQD Ambient Surface Water Monitoring & Assessment Strategy................................................................6 Public Input......................................................................................................................................................6 -
The Print & Fold Passport
THIS PROGRAM IS PRODUCED WITH SUPPORT FROM: 2021 SUMMER WINDHAM COUNTY PASSPORT BRATTLEBORO, BROOKLINE, GUILFORD, NEWFANE, TOWNSHEND AND VERNON PRESENTED BY: SNAP-ED Funding for this program is provided from the USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. Come Alive Outside is a 501c3 nonprofit that works to create the awareness, intention and opportunity for people to live healthier lives outside. THIS PASSPORT BELONGS TO: PRIZES Parents! Complete the Come Alive Outside Passport survey by SEPTEMBER 20TH 2021, to have NAME your child be entered into the grand prize drawing! Visit: https://risevt. org/passport-survey/ or scan the QR code. You can also get a printed survey from the SCHOOL WSESU garden work hours, local libraries or the WRMSD Summer enrichment program. GRAND PRIZES: GRADE 1 Sam’s Sport and 2 Outfitters $100 Gift Card Family Hydro Flask Package Bundle 3 from Moore Free Library WHAT DO I LIKE ABOUT SUMMER? 35 TABLE OF CONTENTS About Come Alive Outside and RiseVT ................................................................4 EXPLORE YOUR How it works..............................................................................................................5 Stay Safe .....................................................................................................................6 LOCAL LIBRARIES MAKE YOUR OWN ADVENTURES 7-15 Take a Moonlight Walk ............................................................................................8 Bug Hunt ....................................................................................................................9 -
Deerfield Wind Project
PHASE IA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND HISTORIC RESOURCE SCREENING STUDY DEERFIELD WIND PROJECT Prepared for: Deerfield Wind LLC 1209 Harvey Farm Road April 2006 Waterbury Center, Vermont 05677 Phase IA Archaeological Survey and Historic Resource Screening Study Deerfield Wind Project Towns of Searsburg and Readsboro, Bennington County, Vermont Abstract The Louis Berger Group, Inc. (Berger), Albany, New York, has completed a Phase IA archaeological survey and historic resource screening study for the proposed Deerfield Wind Project on behalf of Deerfield Wind LLC, Waterbury Center, Vermont. The proposed project would involve construction of 20 to 30 wind turbines, up to 410 feet high, on National Forest System (NFS) lands in the Manchester Ranger District of the Green Mountain National Forest (GMNF) in the towns of Searsburg and Readsboro, Bennington County, Vermont. The proposed project would utilize approximately 80 acres of NFS lands generally lying on two separate ridgelines east and west of Vermont Route 8, referred to as the proposed eastern project area and the proposed western project area, respectively. The objective of the Phase IA survey was to assess the potential of areas within the proposed limits of construction (project area) to contain prehistoric and historic archaeological resources. The goals of the Phase IA background research with regard to cultural resources were to: (1) determine local chronological sequences; (2) characterize the distribution and type of known sites; (3) summarize environmental characteristics; (4) -
INDEX a Acid Neutralizing Capacity, Definition Of...27, 44 Acre
INDEX 293 A Blackwater River near Webster, NH . 275, 285 Acid neutralizing capacity, definition of. 27, 44 Blue-green algae, definition of . 28 Acre-foot, definition of . 27 Bottom material, definition of . 28 Adenosine triphosphate, definition of . 27 Brandy Brook at Bread Loaf, VT . 279 Adjusted discharge, definition of . 27 Bread Loaf, VT, Brandy Brook at . 279 Albany, NH, ground-water levels in . 238-239 Brentwood, NH, Exeter River at Haigh Road near . 72-73 Algae, Brighton, VT, ground-water levels in. 265 Blue-green, definition of . 28 Bristol, NH, Smith River near . 86-87 Fire, definition of . 32 Bristol, VT, Little Otter Creek Tributary near . 279 Green, definition of . 32 Brownington Branch near Evansville, VT . 281 Algal growth potential, definition of . 27 Brunswick Springs, VT, Paul Stream Tributary near . 276 Alkalinity, definition of . 27 Bryant Brook at Waterbury Center, VT . 280 Ammonoosuc River at Bethlehem Junction, NH . 132-133 Bulk electrical conductivity, definition of . 28 Androscoggin River, Burlington, VT, at Errol, NH . 50 Englesby Brook at . 195-196 near Gorham, NH. 52 Lake Champlain at. 229-230 Annual runoff, definition of . 27 Potash Brook at . 193-194 Annual 7-day minimum, definition of. 27 C Aquifer Campton, NH, ground-water levels in . 246 Confined, definition of. 29 Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum 1928, definition of . 28 Unconfined, definition of. 43 Cell volume, definition of. 28 Water-table, definition of. 43 Cells/volume, definition of . 29 Aroclor, definition of. 27 Center Rutland, VT, Otter Creek at . 181-182 Artificial substrate, definition of . 27 Cfs-day, definition of . 29 Ash mass, definition of . -
122 Fish Management Rule Annotated
APPENDIX 122 TITLE 10 Conservation and Development APPENDIX CHAPTER 2. FISH Subchapter 2. Seasons, Waters, and Limits § 122. Fish Management Regulation. 1.0 Authority (a) This rule is adopted pursuant to 10 V.S.A. §4081(b). In adopting this rule, the Fish and Wildlife Board is following the policy established by the General Assembly that the protection, propagation, control, management, and conservation of fish, wildlife and fur-bearing animals in this state is in the interest of the public welfare and that the safeguarding of this valuable resource for the people of the state requires a constant and continual vigilance. (b) In accordance with 10 V.S.A. §4082, this rule is designed to maintain the best health, population and utilization levels of Vermont’s fisheries. (c) In accordance with 10 V.S.A. §4083, this rule establishes open seasons; establishes daily, season, possession limits and size limits; prescribes the manner and means of taking fish; and prescribes the manner of transportation and exportation of fish. 2.0 Purpose It is the policy of the state that the protection, propagation control, management and conservation of fish, wildlife, and fur-bearing animals in this state is in the interest of the public welfare, and that safeguarding of this valuable resource for the people of the state requires a constant and continual vigilance. 3.0 Open-Water Fishing, legal methods of taking fish 3.1 Definitions (a) Department – Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. (b) Commissioner –Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife Commissioner. (c) Open-water fishing –Fishing by means of hook and line in hand or attached to a rod or other device in open water. -
WEST RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared by AUGUST 2015 Acknowledgements
WEST RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN prepared by AUGUST 2015 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their contributions of time and effort to the development of this plan: Project Steering Committee Chelsea Auerback, West River Watershed Coalition, New Haven Resident, Student, Yale Law Lynne Bonnett, Greater New Haven Waterworks Coalition, New Haven Environmental Justice Network Frank Cochran, New Haven, Friends of Edgewood Park Frank Deleo, Woodbridge Resident, West River Watershed Coalition Member Kathy Fay, Neighborhood Housing Services, New Haven Chris Malik, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Adam Marchand, Alderman, Ward 25, New Haven Courtney McGinnis, Hamden Resident, Assistant Professor of Biology at Quinnipiac University Mary Mushinsky, River Advocates of South Central Connecticut (formerly with Mill River Watershed Association) Stacy R. Spell, West River Community Member, Civic Leader Ron Walters, South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority Giovanni Zinn, City Engineer, City of New Haven Gary Zrelak, Greater New Haven Water Pollution Control Authority Other Involved Stakeholders City of New Haven – Karyn Gilvarg, Executive Director, City Plan Department; Rebecca Bombero, Director New Haven Parks, Recreation and Trees City of West Haven – Gail Burns, City Council Member, 10th District; Rob Librandi, Assistant City Planner Common Ground High School – David Edgeworth, Joel Toleman and the Common Ground West River Stewards Friends of Beaver Ponds -
Tactical Basin Plan West, Williams and Saxtons Rivers and Adjacent
Tactical Basin Plan for the West, Williams and Saxtons Rivers and adjacent Connecticut River Tributaries Salmon, Canoe, Sacketts, East Putney, Chase, Fullam, Mill, and Morse Brooks (Basin 11/13) DRAFT Prepared by: Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Watershed Management Division October 2015 Basin 12 – 13 Tactical Basin Plan for the Deerfield River and Southern Connecticut River Tributaries in Vermont This Water Quality Management Plan was prepared in accordance with 10 VSA § 1253(d), the Vermont Water Quality Standards, the Federal Clean Water Act and 40 CFR 130.6, and the Vermont Surface Water Management Strategy. Approved1: David Mears, Commissioner Date Deb Markowitz, Secretary Date The Vermont Agency of Natural Resources is an equal opportunity agency and offers all persons the benefits of participating in each of its programs and competing in all areas of employment regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, sexual preference, or other non-merit factors. This document is available upon request in large print, braille or audiocassette. VT Relay Service for the Hearing Impaired 1-800-253-0191 TDD>Voice - 1-800-253-0195 Voice>TDD Cover Photo: Twin Falls, Saxtons River 1) Pursuant to Section 1-02 D (5) of the VWQS, Basin Plans shall propose the appropriate Water Management Type of Types for Class B waters based on the exiting water quality and reasonably attainable and desired water quality management goals. ANR has not included proposed Water Management Types in this Basin Plan. ANR is in the process of developing an anti-degradation rule in accordance with 10 VSA 1251a (c) and is re-evaluating whether Water Management Typing is the most effective and efficient method of ensuring that quality of Vermont's waters are maintained and enhanced as required by the VWQS, including the anti-degradation policy.