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Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the Ryukyu and Izu Islands, Japan

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Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the Ryukyu and Izu Islands, Japan The Carcinological Society of Japan CRUSTACEAN RESEARCH, NO. 33: 92-102, 2004 A new shallow-water species of the genus Galathea (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the Ryukyu and Izu Islands, Japan Masayuki Osawa Abstract.— A new galatheid, Hachijo-jima Island in the Izu Islands, Japan. Galathea guttata, is described and Although the photographed specimen of illustrated from the Ryukyu and Izu "Galathea sp. A" could not be collected, it is Islands, Japan. This species resembles probably referable to G. spinosorostris Dana, G. amamiensis Miyake & Baba, 1966, 1852, based on the possession of white but is distinguished from that species marks along the opposable margins of the by having no spine on the third seg­ fingers of the cheliped, one of the recogni­ ment of the antennal peduncle, an epi- tion characters of this species (see pod on the second pereopod, and two Kawamoto & Okuno, 2003: 95, 156, unnum­ rounded, pale blue or white marks on bered figs.). Kato & Okuno (2001: 88) point­ the distal part of the cheliped palm. ed out that "Galathea sp. B" resembles G. amamiensis Miyake & Baba, 1966 or G. ori- entalis Stimpson, 1858 in morphology and Introduction color. The photographed specimen of Galatheid crustaceans from shallow- "Galathea sp. B" was collected and placed at water down to 50 m in depth, are mainly rep­ my disposal. resented in the Indo-West Pacific region by Three specimens of galatheids recently species of genera such as Galathea collected from shallow-waters around the Fabricius, 1793, Munida Leach, 1820, Ryukyu Islands proved to be identical with Allogalathea Baba, 1969, Phylladiorhynchus Kato & Okuno's (2001) "Galathea sp. B". Baba, 1969, Sadayoshia Baba, 1969, Lauriea Comparison between these specimens and Baba, 1971, and Coralliogalathea Baba & material of G. amamiensis at hand from the Javed, 1974 (Miyake & Baba, 1966; Baba & Ryukyu Islands disclosed that they are dis­ Javed, 1974; Baba, 1979, 1982, 1989; Osawa tinguished by the number of epipods, arma­ & Okuno, 2002). Among these, Galathea is ture of the third segment of the antennal most speciose and composed of approxi­ peduncles, and color pattern of the palm of mately 20 species. the cheliped. This paper describes and illus­ Recent observations and photography trates a new species of Galathea based on with SCUBA equipment show diverse shal­ three specimens from the Ryukyu Islands low-water crustaceans and provide color and one specimen from the Izu Islands. characters of many crustacean species (e.g., The general terminology followed is that Debelius, 1999; Kato & Okuno, 2001; used by Baba & de Saint Laurent (1996: Minemizu, 2002; Kawamoto & Okuno, 435). The term "supraocular spine (tooth)" 2003). The coloration is often very useful in is here treated as the proximal tooth of the the decapods for discrimination of cryptic or rostrum. The postorbital carapace length sibling species (e.g., Knowlton, 1986; (cl), as the indication of specimen size given Knowlton& Mills, 1992). under "Material examined", is measured Kato & Okuno (2001: 87, 88) introduced from the orbital margin to the posterior mar­ two unidentified species of Galathea, gin of the carapace in midline. The length of "Galathea sp. A" and "Galathea sp. B", from rostrum is measured from the tip of the ros- NII-Electronic Library Service The Carcinological Society of Japan NEW SPECIES OF GALATHEA 93 trum to the orbital margin in midline. The 1162. Paratypes: one male, cl 2.3 mm, near lengths of articles of cheliped are measured Sesoko Station (Tropical Biosphere along the dorsomesial margin and those of Research Center, University of the walking legs are along the extensor margin, Ryukyus), Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu respectively. The specimens examined are Islands, 2 m, among branches of dead coral, deposited in the Coastal Branch of Natural 25 July 2001, coll. M. Osawa, NSMT-Cr History Museum and Institute, Chiba 15774; one male, cl 3.3 mm, Chibishi, south­ (CMNH, with code of ZC), and National west off Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT, with code Islands, 10-20 m, among branches of dead ofCr). coral, 11 December 2001, coll. Y. Fujita, For comparative purposes, the following NSMT-Cr 17775; one ovigerous female, cl specimens deposited in the above museums 2.5 mm, Nazumado, Hachijo-jima Island, Izu and the Zoological Museum, Tel-Aviv Islands, 40 m, 5 October 2000, coll. S. Kato, University (ZMTAU), have been examined. CMNH-ZC 1483 [photographed specimen of Galathea amamiensis Miyake & Baba, "Galathea sp. B" by Kato & Okuno (2001)]. 1966: one male, cl 2.8 mm, one female, cl 3.3 Description.—Carapace (Fig. 1A) as long mm, Maeda, Onna, Okinawa-jima Island, as broad or slightly broader than long Ryukyu Islands, 26 m, among branches of (excluding rostrum and lateral spines); later­ dead coral, 7 July 2000, coll. Y. Fujita, al margins slightly convex, with 6 spines on NSMT-Cr 15992; two males, cl 3.5, 3.7 mm, each side; first (anterolateral) spine pro­ one female (parasitized by Rhizocephala), cl nounced, second to sixth spines located 3.3 mm, one ovigerous female, cl 3.2 mm, behind end of anterior bifurcation of cervical Chibishi, southwest off Okinawa-jima Island, groove, sixth spine much smaller than oth­ Ryukyu Islands, 10-20 m, among branches ers; another spine ventral to level slightly of dead coral, 11 December 2001, coll. Y. behind of anterolateral spine; dorsal surface Fujita, NSMT-Cr 15993; one male, cl 4.1 mm, with distinct transverse ridges anteriorly Imazuni, Kume-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, bearing dense, short plumose setae and scat­ 18 m, 21 July 2002, coll. T. Kawamoto, tered, short simple setae (not illustrated), CMNH-ZC 1023; one ovigerous female, cl most ridges uninterrupted, anterior first 3.5 mm, Amitori, Iriomote-jima Island, transverse ridge with pair of submedian Ryukyu Islands, 2 m, among branches of spines (anterior gastric spines), second Acropora sp., 7 June 1997, coll. M. transverse ridge bearing spine near each lat­ Mitsuhashi, NSMT-Cr 15994. eral extremity, ridges connected to bases of Galathea brevimana Paul'son, 1875: one second, fourth, fifth, and sixth lateral spines male (parasitized by Rhizocephala), cl 4.1 uninterrupted, ridge connected to base of mm, Wadi Tal, Gulf of Suez, 1-2 m, dead third lateral spines interrupted or uninter­ coral, 21 October 1972, coll. Ch. Lewinsohn, rupted; cervical grooves indistinct. ZMTAU AR 27133. Rostrum (Fig. 1A) broadly triangular, 0.5-0.6 postorbital carapace length and 1.4-1.6 times as long as broad when mea­ Taxonomy sured between incisions formed by 2 proxi­ Galathea guttata, new species mal teeth; dorsal surface with small flattened (Figs. 1-3) squamiform ridges and pits bearing short Galathea sp. B: Kato & Okuno, 2001: 88, setae; lateral margins with 4 deeply incised unnumbered fig. teeth, proximal tooth smallest, ultimate Material examined.—Holotype: female, tooth terminating opposite 0.3-0.5 length of cl 4.3 mm, Imazuni, Kume-jima Island, sharply pointed, rostral median spine. Outer Ryukyu Islands, 18 m, under rock, 26 angles of orbits strongly produced, each ter­ August 2002, coll. T. Kawamoto, CMNH-ZC minating in spine; suborbital margins Nil-Electronic Library Service The Carcinological Society of Japan 94 M. OSAWA Fig. 1. Galathea guttata, new species, holotype female (cl 4.3 mm, CMNH-ZC 1162), Kume-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands. A, carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal (setae omitted from right side); B, sec­ ond to fourth abdominal segments, dorsal (setae omitted from right side); C, left pterygostomial flap, lateral; D, sternal plastron, ventral (setae omitted from left side); E, left eye, and antennular and anten- nal peduncles, ventral; F, left third maxilliped, lateral. Scales equal 1.0 mm. Nil-Electronic Library Service The Carcinological Society of Japan NEW SPECIE OF GALATHEA 95 unarmed. ment with distomesial and distolateral Pterygostomial flaps (Fig. 1C) each ante­ spines of subequal size, reaching or nearly riorly ending in sharply pointed spine, sur­ reaching distal margin of third segment; face and anterior dorsal margin unarmed. third and fourth segments unarmed. Sternal plastron (Fig. ID) depressed Third maxilliped (Fig. IF) with ischium along midline, with few long transverse stri­ slightly shorter than merus when measured ae on fourth sternite but no striae on fifth to on mesial margin, usually with 1 small spine seventh sternites; third sternite broader than (2 spines in holotype) on distoflexor margin; long, roundly quadrangular or subovate, distoextensor margin strongly produced, ter­ anteriorly narrowed, anterior margin with minating in small spine; dorsal mesial ridge small median notch; fourth sternite (includ­ (crista dentata) with 19-21 denticles. Merus ing posterior lateral projection) 2.7 times as with 2 subequal-sized spines on flexor mar­ broad as third, anterior margin strongly con­ gin, each spine situated approximately at cave; fifth to seventh sternites smooth but midlength and terminal corner; extensor bearing short setae on lateral parts. margin unarmed except for distal small Abdominal segments (Fig. IB) with spine. Carpus with 3 or 4 low protuberances sparse, short and long, stiff simple setae; and blunt distal spine on extensor margin, each segment with 2 transverse ridges ante­ each protuberance sometimes bearing riorly bearing dense, short plumose setae minute spinule. Propodus and dactylus (not illustrated), no additional striae; anteri­ unarmed. Exopod slender, distinctly over­ or ridge somewhat elevated and uninterrupt­ reaching distal margin of merus, with termi­ ed in second, third, and fourth segments but nal flagellum. not elevated and interrupted at median part Chelipeds (Fig. 2A, B) moderately slen­ in fifth and sixth segments; posterior ridge der, 2.4-3.1 times postorbital carapace uninterrupted in second and third segments, length, generally similar in male and female, interrupted at median and lateral parts in with short and long, simple stiff and fourth segment, and interrupted at only plumose setae in moderate density; 4 rows median part in fifth and sixth segments.
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