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<I>Paduniella</I> (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae)

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<I>Paduniella</I> (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida September 1997 The Paduniella (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) of China, with a phylogeny of the World species Youwen J. Li Clemson University, Clemson, SC John C. Morse Clemson University, Clemson, SC Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Li, Youwen J. and Morse, John C., "The Paduniella (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) of China, with a phylogeny of the World species" (1997). Insecta Mundi. 276. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/276 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997 281 The Paduniella (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) of China, with a phylogeny of the World species Youwen J. Li and John C. Morse Department of Entomology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships of the species ofPadul~iellaare analyzed based on characters oflarvae, pupae, and adults (mainly male genitalia). The genus is monophyletic and most closely related to Psychotj~yia,and Metalype in the subfamily Psychomyiinae. Nine species groups are suggested. Eight species, including six new to science, are reported from the People's Republic of China for the first time. Key words: Psychomyiinae, Psychottzyia,, Metalype, male genitalia, female genitalia, new species Introduction relationships of the genus within the family Psy- The genus Padu7tiella was erected by Ulmer chomyiidae were analyzed by Li and Morse (in (1913) for the species Paduniella selnarai~gei~sis press). Paduniella is most closely related to Psy- Ulmer. Ulmer (1922) established a similar genus, cholnyia (s. 1.) and Metalype, but the relationships Psychomyiodes, based on Psychoinyiodes africai~a among these monophyletic genera remain unre- Ulmer from Cameroon. Lestage (1926) established solved. Malicky (1995) considered Metalype to be a the subfamily Paduniellinae to include Paduniella synonym of Psychomyia, but did not provide phylo- and Psychoinyiodes and two new closely related genetic evidence for his opinion. The latter two genera, Mesopadui~iellaand Propaduniella.. The genera are treated as outgroups in the present main character supporting Psychoinyiellodes as phylogenetic analysis. In this paper, we add more genus status is the discoidal cell of the fore wing characters to help clarify the relationships of this present. Actually, it is such an obscure vein that genus and Psycholnyia and Metalype. some researcher neglect it (Mosely 1936). However, No species were recorded from the People's this character is a plesiomorphy in this group and Republic of China before this research. This paper could not be served as evidence to support mono- reports eight species from China, including six phyletic group. Other three genera were also erect- species new to science. All type specimens are ed based on characters of wing venation that are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, very hard to see, especially for some cross veins. Nanjing Agricultural University, the People's Re- Consequently, published descriptions vary in their public of China (NAU), and the Clemson University interpretations. For example, the main diagnostic Arthropod Collection, Department of Entomology, character for the genus Propaduniella is the lack of Clemson University, South Carolina, USA (CUAC). anterior wing Fork V; for the type species P. ceyla7~- ica, anterior wing Fork V is absent in Ulmer's (1915) original illustration but present in Schmid's Paduniella morphology and groundplan (1958) later one. Such difficulties discouraged sub- sequent workers from recognizing any of the gen- Adult. Overall length (in following descrip- era other than Padui~iella. tions = distance from front of head to tips of folded For these reasons, forty species of Paduniella forewings) 2.8-5.8 mm. Forewings each 2.0-5.0 mm (sei~sulato), including the six new species in this long, yellow to yellow-brown. Forewings and hind- paper, have been included in the genus from the wings acute at apex (Fig. 1). Each forewing with Afrotropical(4 spp.), Oriental (34 spp.), West Pale- Forks 11,111, IV, and V; each hindwing with Forks arctic (1 sp.), East Palearctic (3 spp.), and Nearctic I1 and V. Each hindwing with acute projection on (1 sp.) Biogeographic Regions. costal margin at middle. Head with several warts In support of our higher classification of these on vertex: pair of large oval occipital warts, pair of species, this paper also analyzes the phylogeny of slender curved ocellar warts, single forked frontal world Padui~iella(s. I.) species based on available wart, and inconspicuous anterior warts (Fig. 2). information, mainly characters of male genitalia, Each maxillary palpus 6-segmented; each labial to determine any justification for recognizing Pro- palpus 4-segmented (Fig. 3). padui~iella,Mesopadui~iella, and Psychoinyiodes Female genitalia (Figs. 4-5). Abdominal seg- as distinct subgenera or genera. The phylogenetic ment VIII (VIII) synsclerotized, its ventral posteri- 282 Volume 11, Nos. 3-4, September - December, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI or margin broadly excised. Segment IX not evident. cata. [This is possibly the two lateral parameres Segment X (X) twice as tall as long, subconical, fused, but the homology of this character is very tapering from middle to posterior, with transverse difficult to determine. It does not exist in other row of long setae (trans. r. set.) near base of seg- genera of Psychomyiidae and Xiphocentronidae, ment, internal ventral basomesal apodeme (apo- but may occur in Hydropsychidae (Ceratopsyche deme) forked and diverging; ventral meson cleft species) and Polycentropodidae (e.g., Polycelttro- from posterior end to anterior 115 of segment, pus colei Ross, 1941).] Inferior appendages each opening widest near anterior end of cleft; poster- with one compressed segment and with short mesal oventral margin projecting posteriad, closely ap- branch. pressed against ventral surface of segment IX (IX). Larva (Mathis and Bowles, 1995; Figs. 32-35). Segment XI small, hairy, with pair of tiny, slender, Larva of P. ltearctica distinguished by two charac- one-segmented cerci (cercus). teristics from those of other psychomyiid genera for Male genitalia (Figs. 7-9). Male genitalia of which larvae are known: four well-developed teeth Padultiella species homogeneous, with distinctions on concave margin of each anal claw [similar to mainly involving tergum IX (t. IX), sternum IX (S. those of Psycholnyia species, but teeth lacking in IX), inferior appendages (inf. app.), superior ap- Tiltodes and Lype species (Wiggins, 1996)l and pendages (sup. app.), and phallic apparatus [in- submental sclerites small and wider than long [like cluding paramere (para.), phallobase (phb.), and those of Tiltodes and Lype species, not longer than phallicata (phc.)]. Tergum IX smaller than tergum wide as in Psycholnyia species (Wiggins, 1996)l. VIII, usually triangular in dorsal and lateral views, Pupae (Mathis and Bowles, 1995). Pupa of P. with long, slender, sclerotized, lateral bands pro- ltearctica with 6-segmented maxillary and 4-seg- ceeding anteriad to juncture with corresponding mented labial palpi, mandibles whip-shaped, la- strips on sternum IX. Sternum IX shape nearly like brum with only 3 pairs of setae (rather than 5 pairs sternum VIII but broader in ventral view and with as in known pupae of other genera). long lateral bands directed anteriad. Lateral bands of tergum IX and sternum IX in each side, extend- Paduniella species of China ing anteriad and joining each other at small point Paduniella communis, new species in very acute angles. Superior appendages distinct (Figs. 4-5, 7-9) posteriorly and extending well beyond tergum X; Adult forewing length: 2.56-2.95 mm. Overall lateral bases of superior appendages extending length: 3.06-3.42 mm. Color in alcohol uniformly anteriad and indistinguishable from lateral bands pale yellow-brown, antennae annulate with brown. of tergum IX. Pair of narrow strips from joining Male genitalia (Figs. 7-9). Tergum IX broad, points of sternum IX and tergum IX directed an- round at posterior margin in dorsal view. Superior teroventrad and connecting these points to dorsal appendages each oval, acute at apex, almost twice side of base of phallic apparatus (= phallobase as long as tergum IX. No median process arising region, Fig. 7), fused sclerotized strips of phallic from sclerotized strips of segment IX. Inferior ap- shield and sclerotized strips of sternum IX in some pendages each with basal third broad, abruptly Leptoceridae (Morse, 1975); similar strips also in narrowed to 113 basal thickness, then gradually genus except directed upward to base of Tiltodes, enlarged and rounded at apex; mesal branch aris- phallic apparatus (They probably developed in Ti- ing from near apex of mesal surface of basal part. and independently.). These strips nodes Padulziella Phallic apparatus vertical basally, then arched in sometimes not connected with phal- Paduniella caudoventrad, with deep anterior incision at verti- lobase. Most species with one or more median cal juncture of phallobase and phallicata and scle- processes (med. proc.)
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