MARCH 21, 1975 . 25 CENTS VOLUME 39/NUMBER 10

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY /PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE March on Boston '

-See page 3

Rightist thugs aHack meeting for Argentine leader · -page 7

Nazis terrorize Black families in Chicago -page 8

Houston cops arrest SWP nominee Camejo -page 11

Defense effort mounts for Dr. Edelin -page 16

15,000 march to support Fann Workers -page 26 Now! -se~ pages 12, 15 THIS In Brief WEEK'S ERITREAN LIBERATION: A meeting to denounce the Educational Projects), a program for minority students. The Ethiopian government's attempt to crush the Eritrean administration is proposing the incorporation of the MILITANT independence movement drew 200 people in Detroit on Feb. functions of COSEP, such as recruitment, financial aid, and 3 National NAACP endorses 22. Eritreans for Liberation in North America and the Afro­ academic counseling, into various offices and academic de­ May 17 Asian Latin American People's Solidarity Movement partments. 4 Boston racists threaten sponsored the meeting, which featured the film From the The attack on COSEP comes on the heels of a recently new violence Battlefield in Eritrea and a discussion of the long history of announced $2.3-million budget cut and 10 percent tuition Eritrea's struggle for independence. hike for the next school year. All this has hit minority 5 Behind attack on antiracist Several organizations sent greetings to the meeting. students the hardest. conference Significantly, the Michigan chapter of the Ethiopian A steering committee of minority students has been Student Union of North America sent a message backing 7 Cuban exiles attack Coral formed to coordinate ongoing actions. the right of the Eritrean people to self-determination, "up to meeting and including independence." The Ethiopian students LIMITED SELECTION: There has been some discussion 8 Nazis terrorize Black families pledged "unconditional hostility to the war waged by the in the media in recent months about the caliber of leaders in Chicago Ethiopian regime." the ruling class has been producing for itself. Now, Nixon's former defense lawyer Fred Buzhardt appears to have 9 Hearing to probe FBI, CIA THE MILITANT GETS AROUND: The "guest editorial" narrowed the choices available down to the two essential links to attacks on socialists featured in the March Black Times, published in Palo Alto, categories. 11 Peter Camejo arrested by Calif., originally appeared as an editorial in the Feb. 14 "Would you rather hav~ a competent scoundrel or an issue of The Militant. Entitled "Oil extortion," it exposes the Houston cops honest boob in office?" Buzhardt asks. Seeming to favor the U.S. strategy for maintaining high oil prices. former, he continued, "You can make a strong argument 15 Indochina: the war goes on The same issue contains a review of Evelyn Reed's new that, for a president in this day and time, you don't want a book, Woman's Evolution, and a reprint from The Militant 16 Defense campaign mounts babe in the woods." of Socialist Workers Party presidential candidate Peter The problem, Buzhardt thinks, is that the American for Dr. Edelin Camejo's message to the Feb. 14-16 antiracism conference in people have set moral standards "that are really mythical." 17 lnt'l Women's Day marches Boston. Camejo's statement noted that the conference occurred on the tenth anniversary of the historic Selma, OHIO RACISM PROTEST: On March 5, students in · 24 New facts on FBI harassment Ala., march and drew some lessons from that action for the Athens, Ohio, held a rally and march protesting a recent of Dr. King civil rights movement of today. racist attack there. 26 2,000 join Sacramento march The demonstration of 125 grew out of a Feb. 22 incident in SELMA COMMEMORATION: Five thousand Black ciVil for jobs which a white driver, who had nearly run over a group of rights marchers in Selma, Ala., marked the tenth anniver­ Black Ohio University students, stopped and began verbal­ 27 UFW supporters hit Gallo sary of the massive March 7, 1965, demonstration that ly abusing the students. When police arrived, they did union-busting demanded the right of Black people to vote. The Voting nothing to the driver but arrested one of the Black students. Rights Act of 1965 was pushed through Congress by the A group of 30 Black students who had witnessed the 32 CIA

2 March on Boston Nat' I NAACP endorses May 17 By Jose Perez effort to write the Black community The national board of directors of out of the United States Constitution." the NAACP has endorsed the national The appeal for solidarity evoked a march on Boston set for May 17. The standing ovation and an overwhel­ demonstration to support school de­ ming vote by the 2,000 conference segregation was initiated by Boston participants to support the demonstra­ NAACP President Thomas Atkins. tion. Since then many others have also . The national decision by the come forward to declare their support NAACP is a major breakthrough in for the May 17 action. the drive to mobilize a massive re­ Among them are U.S. Representa­ sponse in the streets of Boston to the tives Bella Abzug, Ronald Dellums, racist opponents of court-ordered bus­ Parren Mitchell, and Patricia Schroed­ ing to achieve school desegregation. er; Basil Paterson, vice-chairman of The NAACP, with 440,000 members, the Democratic Party national commit­ is one of the oldest and most authorita­ tee; Kenneth Clark, member of the tive civil rights organizations in this New·York State board of regents; Ying country. The board's action means Lee Kelly and Ira Simmons, Berkeley that the Boston rally is now an official city council members; WarrP.n Widener, national project for the entire organi­ mayor of Berkeley; and Eleanor zation. Militant/Flax Hermes Holmes Norton, New York City Com­ Even before the national decision, Part of student contingent at Dec. 14, 1974, probusing rally in Boston. missioner of Human Rights. local affiliates had begun to mobilize Also, Gloria Steinem, editor, Ms. for May 17. Jondell Johnson, executive magazine; Dennis Serrette, president, director of the Atlanta NAACP, told She reported that the Atlanta national focus of the fight for school New York Coalition of Black Trade The Militant in a telephone interview NAACP is working with the local desegregation. Beginning last Septem­ Unionists; Richard Broadhead, vice­ that "the Atlanta branch is certainly affiliate of the National Student Coali­ ber, racists in Boston organized a president, California Federation of in accord, sympathy, and cooperation tion Against Racism (NSCAR) to "get stepped-up drive to force a halt to Teachers; Bernard Jacques, president, with the May 17 project." as many people as possible to go to desegregation of the Boston schools. Colorado Education Association; Ka­ "We intend to have a large contin­ Boston May 17." Atkins pointed out that despite the thy Kelly, president, National Student gent present," Johnson said, "and our The Northern California area confer­ use of "forced busing" and other code Association; and cartoonist Jules Feif­ youth council plans to be there in big ence of the NAACP is also supporting words, "when the signs on the streets fer. numbers." the demonstration. Area conference around South Boston High School say, The national office of NSCAR re­ President Mary Jane Johnson told The 'Kill niggers,' then it is not busing that ports that local chapters of the student Militant that a Feb. 28 area meeting is being opposed, but racism which is coalition have already been formed on reached. this decision because "the being proposed." dozens of campuses across the country. peaceful demonstration to voice con­ The hysteria has reached such an NSCAR has just published an issue of cern· regarding the Boston situation is intense level that on several occasions its newspaper, the Student Mobilizer, a very good thing. last fall racist mobs attempted to lynch which is designed to help the organiz­ "There is no reason besides racism Black people in South Boston. ing effort. which prevents the desegregation of May 17 was chosen for the protest The Mobilizer contains the major schools' there," she added. "I think that because it is the date in 1954 when the action proposals approved by the people across the country should show Supreme Court struck down the "separ­ national conference that established their concern by going to the rally." ate but equal" justification for making the student group. It also includes The area conference encompasses 22 Black children attend inferior schools. Atkins's speech at that conference local branches of the NAACP. Several In his speech to the student calling for the May 17 demonstration, of the local affiliates have invited conference, Atkins urged the formation as well as a number of articles about representatives of NSCAR to speak at of broad-based coalitions all over the antiracist struggles from across the their meetings in order to strengthen country to mobilize thousands to country. the collaboration between the student Boston May 17, and he appealed to the The newspaper can be obtained group and the NAACP. students at the conference to support from NSCAR, 720 Beacon St., Boston, The May 17 demonstration was the effort. Mass. 02115. Telephone: (617) 266-9665. originally called by Thomas Atkins at Atkins said, "We will be asking Further information about the May a Feb. 14 teach-in that kicked off the NAACP branches, 1,800 strong across 17 organizing drive can be obtained National Student Conference Against the country, to assist us in organizing from NSCAR or from the Boston THOMAS ATKINS: Urges all local Racism. such a national show of support for NAACP, 451 Massachusetts Ave., NAACP branches to help organize show In his call to action, Atkins ex­ school desegregation, and in organiz­ Boston, Mass. 02118. Telephone: (617) of support for school desegregation. plained that Boston had become the ing the national campai~n against the 267-1058.

Gov't frames up AIM leader.Russeii.Means By Greg Cornell The government argued for an even Ridge reservation. In the last few It is apparent that the full weight of MINNEAPOLIS-American Indian higher bail. weeks, the goon squad headed by tribal federal and state authorities is being Movement (AIM) leader Russell Means Means has been a principal target of president Dick Wilson has been creat- brought to bear against AIM, who&e has been charged with murder in the the government for several years ing havoc on the Pine Ridge reserva- only crime is speaking out for the shooting death of a Kyle, S.D., man. because of his leading role in standing tion, scene of the 1973 Wounded Knee American Indian people. The charge was branded a frame-up up for American Indian treaty rights. take-over. Wilson opposed the take­ by Clyde Bellecourt, executive director He and Dennis Banks stood trial for over. Several attorneys and a defend­ of AIM. nine montlis last year in federal ant in an upcoming Wounded Knee Means and Richard Marshall were district court in St. Paul before the case trial were beaten Feb. 27 on the arraigned in Pennington County Court was thrown out for government mis- reservation on orders from Wilson. in Rapid City, S.D., March 10 as a conduct. According to AIM, Ellen Moves government offensive against AIM Means is also facing charges in Camp, an AIM leader, had her house continued. The two were accused of Phoenix, Ariz., in another frame-up. surrounded by members of the goon killing Martin Montileaux, 28, at the He is currently being held in Penning- squad on M~uch 10. She said they Longhorn Bar in Scenic, S.D. ton County Jail in Rapid City. threatened to kill her and her family. Means denies any knowledge of the On March 10, the day of the Moves Camp lives on the reservation. shooting, AIM officials say. arraignment, about 40 Indian women In another development, the trial of Montileaux was shot on March 1 and staged a demonstration in a hallway Dennis Banks, in Custer, S.D., was died March 7. Kenneth Tilsen, an AIM outside FBI offices in the federal postponed until June. Banks faces attorney, says that Montileaux, as he building in Rapid City. several concurrent life sentences for lay dying, told a government prosecu- According to Bellecourt, the women incidents occurring in 1973. tor that Means did not shoot him, but demanded to see officials of the Bureau Also, in St. Louis, March 11, U.S. that one of Means's friends did. of Indian Affairs and Joseph Trim- attorneys argued before a circuit court According to Tilsen, the government bach, director of the FBI for the five- of appeals that charges against Banks is holding Means for murder anyway, state region including South Dakota. and Means should not have been for purportedly abetting the shooting. The demonstrators said they wanted dropped in St. Paul last year. The Militant/Skip Ball Bail for Means was set at $30,000 and an end to the illegal harassment and government wants to try the· two RUSSELL MEANS: Jailed in South bail for Marshall was put at $20,000. intimidation of Indians on the Pine again. Dakota on trumped-up murder charge.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 3 Antibusing racists threaten new violence, encouraged by Democrats & By Peter S-eidman of school buses. On Dec. 11, 1974, a BOSTON-Warning of a "huge con­ racist mob of more than 600 residents frontation" that would make "South of South Boston surrounded South Boston look like a tea party," John Boston High School with more than Doogan, executive director of Massa­ 100 Black students trapped inside. chusetts Citizens Against Forced Bus­ This mob had to be dispersed by riot ing, brought a delegation to Washing­ police. ton, D.C., on March 4 to lobby for In the face of these threats of passage of a constitutional amend­ continued lawless mob violence ment that would outlaw busing as a against busing, the Democratic and means of achieving school desegrega­ Republican politicians in Washington tion. gave open encouragement to the racist The antibusing group's trip was part opponents of school desegregation. of efforts by opponents of desegrega­ tion in Boston to halt the extension of Antibusing amendment court-ordered busing. The extended House Majority Leader Thomas busing is expected to he ordered in a O'Neill (D-Mass.) told the antibusing "phase two" plan scheduled to be group that he would intercede to have announced by U.S. District Court the constitutional amendment that Judge Arthur Garrity. would ban busing brought before the Doogan's threat that resistance to House for consideration. Last year a "phase two" will make what has gone similar bill was killed in the House on in South Boston look like a tea Judiciary Committee before it could party refers to the stiff opposition to reach the floor. desegregation expressed by residents of East Boston and Charlestown. Last year, O'Neill opposed attempts Thomas Atkins, president of the could result in the lost of up to $15- to bring the antibusing amendment Boston NAACP, explained, when million in school aid. Millions in state out of committee. This year, catering to asked to comment on the proposed education aid could also be cut off the mob violence that has made constitutional amendment, "An anti­ under provisions of Massachusetts Boston the focal point of the school busing amendment is an antidesegre­ law. desegregation struggle across the na­ gation amendment, and an antide­ tion, O'Neill has agreed to set the White's willingness to discuss city segregation amendm~nt is an anti­ funding for these private schools is legislation in motion, and, as he told Black amendment." Doogan, "If you could get it on the simply a part of his stepped-up cam­ floor, there is no question in my mind Senator Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.) paign to win reelection next fall. So far it would pass overwhelmingly." also met with the Boston delegation. all the Democratic and Republican Representatives of Massachusetts One of the antibusing leaders de­ candidates seeking office in the mayor­ Citizens Against Forced Busing also scribed this meeting as "a waste of al, city council, and school committee paid a visit to Senator Edward Brooke · time." This reaction was prompted by races have made the question of who (R-Mass.). The busing foes revived the Kennedy's reluctance to offer his can cater most to the racist foes of arguments of the Southern segrega­ support for the proposed constitutional busing in Boston the cutting edge of tionists, telling Brooke that Judge amendment. their campaigns. Garrity's decision is going too fast, "It According to the Boston Globe, Ken­ is much too soon and our community is nedy told the group he was being Socialist candidate going down the drain. . . . What asked to apply a different standard to Only Ollie Bivins, Socialist Workers Garrity is doing can't be done in Boston than to the South. "Did I hear Party candidate for school committee Boston." from Boston when I was voting for and so far the only Black person Rather than forthrightly answer desegregation in 1964 and 1965? seeking that office, has taken a forth- . these arguments, Brooke equivocated Should I vote one way for Alabama right stand in support of school de­ BROOKE: Refuses to stand behind on the necessity for immediate enforce­ and another way for Boston?" he segregation. Bivins is warning support­ desegregation order. ment of Garrity's desegregation order. asked. ers of desegregation here in Boston "I believe," the Black senator said, Despite his arguments with the that-as their recent warm reception "the law is right on desegregation, but racists, however, Kennedy also hedged for the racists shows-the politicians FBI and police officials here have I'm not wedded to the concept of on the central question of whether or of the Democratic and Republican asserted that antibusing groups in busing.... I would like to search for not busing should be supported in parties cannot be relied upon to defend East Boston are considering blowing that other way." Boston as the only practical means to the rights· of the Black community to up the bridges and tunnels that con­ However, Garrity's original finding achieve desegregation. Ignoring the an equal education. - nect that part of the city to the rest of pointed out that the Boston school arguments put forward in the Garrity "Only the independent mass action Boston. committee has carried out a 10-year ·decision that busing was necessary to of the Black community and its sup­ Indeed, violence on this order would effort to maintain segregated schools desegregate the schools, Kennedy said, porters, such as the May 17 national be required to make South Boston in Boston. It also showed that the "The real question is what's at the march in Boston for desegregating the "look like a tea party." For residents of pattern of school construction and other end of the line where the children schools that has been called by the South Boston expressed their opposi­ residential segregation in Boston go-the quality of education." Boston NAACP and supported by the tion to busing with a series of lynch- makes busing the only way to desegre­ In a related development, Boston National Student Coalition Against . mob attacks on Blacks and the stoning gate the schools . Mayor Kevin White, another Demo­ Racism, can win these basic rights," cratic Party politician, also offered Bivins says. "And it doesn't make encouragement to the Boston racists. sense," says the socialist candidate, On March 3, White issued a state­ "to demonstrate against the segrega­ ment saying he is willing to "talk tionists one day-and then vote for the Another Boston massacre? about" the possibility of providing city twin parties of segregation and capitu­ BOSTON-During a bicentennial tion, lay "dead" on the ground. buildings and funds to persons seeking lation to racism the next day at the reenactment of the famous Boston Attucks, an escaped slave, was to establish private schools as alterna­ polls." Massacre here March 5, antibusing Black. His memory is honored by a tives to the city's public schools. dem~nstators revealed the virulent­ statue in Boston Common. 'Antibusing groups across the city ly racist character of their move­ As his "body" lay there, the have begun plans to establish these ment. ROAR activists held high signs private schools as all-white sanctu­ A bicentennial group was comme­ reading, "You think this is a massa­ aries that could defeat the efforts to The issues morating the shooting down of cre, Just Wait." desegregate the schools. revolutionary colonists by British -P.S. troops on March 5, 1770. in Boston A crowd of 400 members of The Racist Offensive Against Busing: 'Segregationist academies' The Lessons of 'Boston; How to Fight ROAR, Boston's main antibusing Thomas Atkins described these pro­ organization, staged their own Back by Willie Mae Reid, Peter posed schools as "11egregationist acad­ Camejo, and others. 50 cents event. They marched in a funeral emies." procession to the Old State House, The NAACP leader said, "I consider scene of the original Boston Massa­ Who Killed Jim Crow? 'The sto..Y of them to be the same segregationist the civil rights movement and its cre. The antibusing marchers car­ academies as the ones which sprung ried a coffin containing a "corpse" lessons for today by Peter Camejo. 60 up in Mississippi, Alabama, and Geor­ cents. of "Miss Liberty." The coffin bore gia when school desegregation began the inscription: "RIP. Liberty. b. there." Atkins said the NAACP would 1776-d. 1974." From Mississippi to Boston: The challenge in the courts any attempt by demand for troops to enforce civil As the ROAR demonstrators government authorities to give these marched nearby, the bicentinnial rights. An Education for Socialists private schools any financial assis-~ bulletin. 75 cents. group staged their reenactment of tance. the historic event. When it was over, Federal authorities have already the "body" of Crispus Attucks, the Order from: Pathfinder Press, 410 warned Boston officials that the use of West St., New York, N.Y. 10014. first martyr of the American Revolu- Painting of 1770 Boston Massacre city property or funds for such schools

4 YSA answers red-baiters Behind attack on antiracist conference Below are excerpts from an education. Historically, Black people article by Young Socialist Alliance have sought to secure a better educa­ member Robb Wright, which ap­ tion for their children. peared in the Feb. 28 issue of They have fought for Black control Kingsman, the Brooklyn College and adequate funding over the schools student newspaper. in the Black community as well as the The article is in response to the busing of Black schoolchildren to Committee for Justice, which bad predominantly white, de facto-segre­ written an article in the Kingsman gated schools which are better funded attacking .the National Student and staffed than those in the Black Conference Against Racism and ghettos. In response to these attempts the YSA's role at the conference. by the Black community to obtain an . The dominant political tendency in equal education, opposition to both the Committee for Justice is the community control and busing has Puerto Rican Revolutionary Work­ been organized nationally by white ers Organization (PRRWO), a racist forces determined to maintain Maoist group. their better schools and privileges in In its article, the Committee for education. Justice claimed that the confer­ ence was run undemocratically Battleground in Boston and controlled by the YSA. What One of the major battles in the are the facts? country over school desegregation has The National Student Voting on proposals at the National Student Conference Against Racism. Committee developed in Boston. On June 21, 1974, Conference Against Racism was for Justice charges conference was 'undemocratic' because their demand that in response to a legal suit filed by the held in Boston on Feb. 14-16. conference oppose busing received little support. NAACP, a federal court found that the More than 2,000 people attended all-white, Irish-Catholic Boston school the conference. They came from 27 committee had for years "knowingly states, 147 colleges, 58 high Lawrence Elliot, a Democrat w bo mentioning that the "reformism" carried out a systematic program of schools, and 113 different organi­ beads a city commission in De­ that the disrupters denounced con­ segregation affecting all of the city's zations. There were members from troit. sisted of support for busing! students, teachers, and school facilities 50 Black student groups there. This group red-baited the con­ The Daily World, newspaper of and . . . intentionally brought about Community leaders such as Tho­ ference at its opening session, the Communist Party, also scrupu­ and maintained a dual school system." mas Atkins of the Boston NAACP; charging that it was "manipulat­ lously avoided mentioning the The court ordered that the Boston Luis Fuentes, suspended school ed" by the YSA. At the Saturday politics of the group. The World schools be desegregated, and a busing superintendent of District 1 in evening session they organized 30 bad this to say: "During all three plan was begun in September. New York City; and Michael Zin­ to 40 people who took over one of days of the meetings, independent The opening of the schools saw the zun, a leader of the school de­ the floor microphones demanding speakers criticized what they formation of white racist mobs which segregation struggle in Pasadena, to be allowed to speak as long as termed attempts by the Trotskyite attacked and stoned buses carrying Calif., were present. they liked. This grouping was Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and Black students to school. Gangs of The 2,000 conference partici­ clearly out to provoke a physical its fraternal organization, the whites carried out a systematic cam­ pants voted nearly unanimously to confrontation. One of them was Young Socialist Alliance (YSA) to paign of terrorism against the Black support the call by the Boston openly carrying a knife. Others, control the sessions. community which included the beating NAACP for a massive mobilization around the ball, blew whistles in "During the Saturday evening of individual Blacks caught on the in Boston on May 17 to support the an attempt to create an atmos­ session, over 100 mostly Black street and the shooting up of the right of the Black community to phere of panic. conference participants walked Columbia Point housing projects, desegregated schools. The vote The participants at the out of the meeting hall, charging which are predominantly Black and followed a frill and democratic conference, refusing to be pro­ that the conference leadership Puerto Rican. discussion in which all points of voked, voted to allow them ex­ was composed of 'opportunists' This campaign of terror was waged view could be freely aired. tended speaking time much beyond who had 'used us in an opportunist in addition to massive racist demon­ As Wright points out, the red­ the normal time limit for speakers, way.'" · strations which attracted thousands of baiting charge of "YSA so they could present their ideas. The Daily World's dishonest racist whites including the Ku Klux domination" is only a smoke­ When the disrupters saw that reporting was an effort to discred­ Klan and the American Nazi Party. screen for the Committee for Jus­ they were winning no support for it the conference and cast doubt on This "antibusing" movement has tice's opposition to the stated aims their opposition to busing, they the authority of the May 17 call­ nothing whatsoever to do with "neigh­ of the conference-to plan ways to walked out screaming, "We de­ without putting the Daily World in borhood schools" or "quality educa­ defeat the racist mobilization mand an end to busing and an end the embarrassing position of flatly tion," as these forces have tried to against busing. to this whole fucked-up reaction­ opposing the NAACP's appeal. portray. This is what David Duke, ary conference." Moreover, the Young Workers national director of the Knights of the The Committee for Justice Liberation League (YWLL), the Ku Klux Klan had to say at one of the wrote: "All the propaganda put The conference then proceeded with its business. The Committee youth group associated with the racist mobilizations: "We don't feel out [to build the conference] took Communist Party, bad joined with Negroes fit into a modern society.... one position: stop the racist at­ for Justice admitted that this disruption bad been ·planned in the disrupters in the red-baiting The real issue isn't education, the real tacks on children, and keep the attack during the opening session issue isn't a school here or a school buses rolling, no matter what." advance: "Since it was obvious that we would not be able to make of the conference. there. . . . the real issue is niggers!" The Committee for Justice decisions about racism at a YSA However, under the pressure of That is what's happening in Boston! described their own opposition to conference, we decided to com­ the vast majority of the 2,000 busing in the following way: "Cap­ mandeer the mike and attempt to conference participants, who were Rally to defense italism is the root of racism, and expose the opportunists .... The determined to take effective action In defense of· the Boston Black racism is the most advanced evening session went as planned. to defend the Boston Black com­ community, thousands of people have means of dividing the working We did manage to control the mike munity by supporting the rallied to Boston demonstrating sup­ class people. . . . Forced busing to for some period of time.... " NAACP's call for May 17, the port for the right of Blacks to attend achieve integration is a violation The article warned that they YWLL backed off and refrained these South Boston schools. The YSA of people's right to self-determi­ would continue to disrupt efforts from participating in the Saturday Continued on next page nation. Forced busing is a way of to defend the right of the Boston evening disruption. increasing, not decreasing, the Black community to desegregated The test now before the YWLL­ antagonism between the schools. A meeting after the walk­ and every other organization that races.... out, they reported, "promised to claims to oppose racism-is wheth­ "People also have a right to discredit the so-called march er they will wholeheartedly pitch quality education. • . . A better against racism to be held in Bos­ in to help mobilize a massive way to move towards this goal is ton on May 17. . . . sponsored by antiracist action May 17, or in­ for people to control education on the NAACP, the SWP and other stead continue standing on the a local level, whether their com­ opportunistic politicians." sidelines sniping at those who do munities be black, white, or mixed. Unfortunately, some others in carry out the fight. "Community control, of course, the radical movement, for their is a non-realistic goal, but fighting own narrow factional reasons, are By Robb Wright to achieve this does educate people trying to cover up the role of these We feel [the questions raised by the towards fighting for control of self-confessed disrupters. Committee for Justice] are important government, and causes them to The Feb. 26 issue of the Maoist political questions and the position of understand the evil of the capital­ newspaper the Guardian reported the YSA should be put forth so that ist system." the disruption sympathetically, students can hear both sides of the de­ In their Kingsman article, the saying it was in "opposition to the bate. Committee for Justice admitted reformist views of the conference The fundamental issue at stake in that they were part of the group organizers." But the Guardian Boston is simple: It is the right of that tried to disrupt the confer­ refused to report the political Black children, who have been segre­ ence. Others involved in the dis­ reason for the disruption. gated into the worst schools for many ruption effort included members of The Guardian, which has de­ years, to attend the school of their Robb Wright addressing National the February First Movement and fended busing, carefully avoided choice in search of a better and equal Student Conference Against Racism.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 5 ...YSA answer to red-baiters Continued from preceding page and the Socialist Workers Party are San Diego among those forces which from the beginning went to the active defense of the Black community. Nationally the YSA went on a full teach-in mobilization to organize national speaking tours in order to get out the truth about the situation in Boston. against Members of the Young Socialist Alii· ance went to Boston to help build the • struggle. ractsm And along with other forces, politi· By Jerry Freiwirth cal, social, religious, Black and white, SAN DIEGO-"What's happening the YSA helped build the successful today in Boston could very well hap· Dec. 13-14 national teach-in and dem· pen tomorrow in San Diego." onstration which attracted 20,000 dem· This statement by Sidney Glass, lo· onstrators in support of "Keep the cal director of Project YES, was echoed Buses Rolling" al!d "Stop the Racist by nearly every other speaker at the Violence!" Teach-In Against Racism held here Feb. 26. Sponsored by the Student Behind attacks on YSA Committee Against Racism, the meet· The Committee for Justice states for ing at San Diego State University everyone to see in their editorial: drew more than 100 people from col· "Our position is that forced busing to leges, high schools, and the Black and achieve integration is a violation of Chicano communites. people's rights to self-determination. Other speakers included Mike Zar· Forced busing is a way of increasing, ate, of the Student Committee Against not decreasing, the antagonism be· Boston rally against busing. Committee for Justice gives credence to racists' Racism; Ken Msmaji, chairperson of tween the races .... arguments by saying busing is 'violation of people's right to self-determination.' the Black nationalist organization "We also promised to discredit the Nia; Omari Musa, a leader of the so-called march against racism to be desegregation struggle in Pasadena, held in Boston on May 17." positions and came out against de­ and they are for people controlling Calif., and member of the Socialist The Committee for Justice is segregation of the Boston school sys· "their education on a local level, Workers Party; Tom Weston from the politically opposed to the implementa· tern and the busing struggle. whether their communities be black, International Committee Against Ra· tion of the desegregation order and to white or mixed." cism (CAR); and Melba Margolis, the the Black community's right to bus Busing in Boston The racists in Boston have raised mother of one of the student plaintiffs into South Boston schools. Their politi· The Committee for Justice states this issue, stating that they have the in a local desegregation case. cal opposition to the desegregation that it is opposed to "forced integra· right to control their owh schools Margolis outlined the history of the plan and busing is the basis of the tion." The question posed in the (neighborhood schools). In practice Carlin suit, which was filed in 1967 to false charges of YSA domination of the concrete situation in Boston is not this means attacking buses, stoning end de facto segregation of the San conference. The basic thrust of their "forced integration" but do Black Black schoolchildren and attempting Diego schools. About 30 percent of the arguments is to use organizational children have the right to attend any to lynch Blacks walking down the students in the San Diego Unified questions such as the nature of the school of their choice in Boston. streets of South Boston. School District are Black, Chicano, or steering committee, racial composition Black people who have been histori· This demand in reality is a pretext Native American. of the conference or the role of the cally denied the right to an equal for keeping Blacks out of their schools. The suit had been effectively nulli· YSA, to masquerade and hide their education have the right to attend any There is a difference between Black fied by the passage of the Wakefield real intent which is to discredit the school of their choice in attempting to and Puerto Rican control of their Initiative, which blocked new busing national conference and to discourage obtain equal education. No racist, no schools and white control of all lily­ plans from being implemented. Late studentS from further participation in slick talking Democratic party politi· white schools. The demand for Black last year the California Supreme Court the defense of the Boston Black com· cian, nor any so-called radical whether and Puerto Rican control of their declared the antibusing provisions of munity's right to bus. he or she be Black or white has any schools is an attempt to get a better the initiative unconstitutional, paving These tactics and arguments which right in any way to oppose this basic education for their children. The the way for the Carlin suit to continue have been dressed up in very militant, democratic and civil right of ·Black demand for white control means very through the courtS. radical sounding, "anti-imperialist" people. To do so means you objectively simply "Keep the niggers out." Margolis said that the all-white language have been used by other give support to the white racist forces school board has allocated more than groups in the radical movement who in Boston. Defend Black community $60,000 to defeat the desegregation have the same political positions as What is at stake in Boston are the The YSA supports independent mass suit. the Committee for Justice. Such groups gains which Blacks have won through mobilizations of the Black community Zarate pointed out that the elements as the Revolutionary Union (RU), bloody, hard-fought struggles over the and its allies, such as the mass action that led to the confrontation in Boston Revolutionary Student Brigade (RSB), last 25 years. called for May 17. are all present in San Diego, underlin· the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Work· The Committee for Justice claims This action has the potential of ing the need for San Diegans to mobi· ers Organization (PRRWO), and others that there is a ruling class plot afoot. drawing into motion hundreds of lize in defense of the Boston Black within the Maoist milieu, all oppose They are right, but it is to deny Black thousands of people in defense of the studentS and community. implementation of .the desegregation children rights to an equal education Boston Black community. However, He outlined plans by the Student order in Boston because it supposedly and to tum back the 1954 Supreme the Committee for Justice opposes and Committee Against Racism to hold ral· "divides the working class." Court decision outlawing school segre­ intends to "discredit" the march called lies on different college campuses on This is the real issue, not who had gation. by the NAACP. April 16 and to help build a May 17 how many people in Boston. There is The YSA says "Desegregate the In an interview with A.B. Spellman demonstration in solidarity with the no basis for these statements attacking Boston school system by any means in 1964 this is what Malcolm X had to national demonstration in Boston in the democracy of the National Student necessary!" say on working with the so-called support of school desegregation. Conference Against Racism. Luis Fuentes, the suspended Puerto "established" civil-rights organiza· Ken Msmaji explained that although Rican superintendent of District One tions: he does not support desegregation as a Voted for steering committee in the Lower East Side, had this to say "We will work with anybody who is means of achieving Black liberation he Since the massive demonstration of on the struggle for community control sincerely interested in eliminating strongly favors and would join in ef· December 14, prominent members of and its relation to the struggle· in injustices that Negroes suffer at the forts to defend the Boston Black com­ the Committee for Justice were in· Boston: hands of Uncle Sam." munity from racist attacks. volved in the organizing of the Feb. 14 "The relationship is often described The call by the NAACP, the largest At the conclusion of the teach-in, conference. Members of the Committee by the media as a contradiction and most authoritative civil rightS many stayed on for a meeting to dis­ for Justice participated in the Dec. 14 . . . But in fact they're brother and organization in the country, and the cuss ways to reach out to and involve student meeting [in Boston] of 250 sister movements with the same goal­ breadth and success of the student people in the April 16 and May 17 ac· student activists who attended the the education of rBlack and Brown conference, can pave the way for tions. demonstration. Not only did they children-and the same enemy-white uniting in action broader forces than Earlier in the week 80 people at· attend the meeting but voted for the racism." at any time since the civil rights tended a rally at the University of Cal· conference call and the election of the Each struggle has the same goal but battles of the early 1960s. ifomia in San Diego to defend the Bos· national steering committee which takes a different form due to the The Young Socialist Alliance urges ton Black community. Laura they now attack! specific conditions in each locale. Just all students at Brooklyn College inter· Moorehead, of the Pasadena-based After returning to New York, as the YSA supports the right of the ested in fighting racism to attend the Committee Against Segregation in Ed· Committee for Justice members partici· Black community to desegregate the May 17 national demonstration in ucation, was the featured speaker. pated in all activities of the planning Boston school system, so the YSA just support of school desegregation. We committee for the National Student as strongly supports and participates also urge all studentS to join the newly Conference Against Racism. in the struggle for community control established National Student Coalition In other words, they had a direct say in District One. Against Racism. over everything that happened prior to On the question of self-determination the conference. the Committee for Justice goes com· Desegregate Boston Schools Now! The question of democracy was only pletely wrong. They state in their Keep the Buses Rolling! raised when members of the Commit· editorial that busing is a "violation of Stop Racist Attacks Against Black tee for Justice changed their political people's right to self-determination" Students!

6 CUban exiles assault meeting· for Juan carlos coral In Chicago Manuel Fuentes Coral's meetings along with USLA. A meeting for Juan Carlos Coral at Puerto Ricans, Chicanos, and Latin the University of Chicago March 9 was Americans have been especially inter­ by a gang of fifty counter­ ested in what Coral· has to say, and in revolutionary Cuban exiles. Coral, a building his tour. One meeting, for leader of the Argentine Partido Socia­ example, organized by Puerto Rican lista de los Trabajadores (PST­ students at Northeastern University in Socialist Workers party), was speaking Chicago working with USLA, was in defense of Latin American political attended by sixty persons, the majority prisoners. He is addressing meetings Puerto Rican. across the country on a tour sponsored The Puerto Rican Socialist party by the U.S. Committee for Justice to worked to build a meeting for Coral American Political Prisoners sponsored by USLA at the Centro (USLA). Ramon Betances in the heart of The gusanos, part of the audience of Chicago's Puerto Rican barrio. About than 250 persons, began heckling sixty persons attended the meeting, Coral neared the end of his talk. mostly Puerto Ricans, and it was he finished his remarks, he conducted entirely in Spanish. Coral a standing ovation. At this was introduced by Juan Mendes, the disrupters, some of whom Chicago organizer of the PSP. armed with short clubs, began to Coral has made a number of televi-. toward the podium. sion and radio appearances. At the "Talk about Cuba, you traitor," one University of Michigan in Ann Arbor them shouted. Another yelled to he taped an interview for a Spanish­ Coral, "Shut up, you son of a bitch." language program on WCBN, the "Go back to Russia." campus radio station. In Chicago, were Monitors formed a line in front of the an estim:ated 300,000 persons speak to protect Coral. The disrupters Militant/Charles Cstrofsky Spanish as their primary language, tried to break through the line but were Jua·n Carlos Coral addressing meeting at University of Chicago before disruption by Coral was interviewed on the Raul unsuccessful. Meanwhile, Coral was right-wing Cuban exiles began. Cardona show on radio station safely escorted out of the hall. WRCW. An interview with him was also featured in the Spanish-language In the scuffle, several monitors were support for Latin American political When the time limit on the use of the evening news March 7 on WCIU-TV. injured. Andrew Pulley, former vice­ prisoners. auditorium ran out, the meeting had to presidential candidate of the Socialist After Chicago, Coral is scheduled to Jim Little, a representative of the be adjourned to another room to speak at a number of meetings in Workers party, was jumped by three of national office of USLA in New York, continue the discussion. About half the the goons. Twelve stitches were re­ California. On March 11 he is to speak stressed that the Coral tour would audience accompanied Coral to a at California State University at Los quired to close the cuts he received. continue despite the disruption. He nearby building, where he answered The gusanos also attacked members Angeles at noon, tape an interview for said that USLA is calling on its questions for another hour. radio station KWKW in the afternoon, of the audience. Although half a dozen prominent supporters and endorsers In· addition to the wide support on and address a meeting at the Universi­ university police came to the scene, campuses for the defense of political around the country to send telegrams ty of California at Santa Barbara in prisoners, one of the reasons for the of protest to Chicago Mayor Richard the evening. - high interest in Coral's tour has been Daley. "The police knew in advance On March 12, Coral is scheduled to the frequent headlines in the Ameri<:an that the attack was planned," he said, address an afternoon meeting at the press on political violence in Argen­ "and they could have stopped it in a University of California at Los An­ moment. Instead, they did nothing." . tina. geles and an evening meeting at the Little said that USLA would also en­ University of California at San Diego. courage its supporters to demand that On March 13, he is to speak at local authorities in other cities take California State College at San Diego, effective measures to ensure that no Condemned to death Coral has been "condemned to returning to Los Angeles the following further right-wing disruptions occur at day to speak at the University of Coral's meetings. death" by the Argentine Anticommun­ ist Alliance (AAA), the most prominent Southern California. of the ultraright murder squads in the On March 15, Coral is to speak at the USLA country. Seven members of the PST University of California at Berkeley, to USLA is well known in civil­ have been killed by the AAA, and a be followed by meetings arranged at liberties, academic, church, and stu­ number of PST headquarters have San Francisco State College, San Jose dent groups for its eight years of work been dynamited. State College, and Stanford Universi­ in defending political prisoners in Coral has pointed out in his lectures ty. Latin America. Its efforts were import­ that the violence in Argentina is not When the California tour is complet­ ant in securing the release of Hugo the product of a vendetta between ed, Coral is scheduled to speak at a Blanco, the Peruvian peasant leader right- and left-wing groups, as the number of meetings in Texas, includ­ condemned to death in Peru for his newspapers seek to portray it. The ing campus meetings at San Antonio political activity, terror is actually being carried out by College, Rice University, and the More recently, USLA sponsored a ultraright parapolice groups that have University of Houston. reviewing troops. Ar­ Further information about the tour government has unleashed nationwide speaking tour by Harald the tacit support of the Peronist gov­ Edelstam, Swedish ambassador to ernment. can be obtained from USLA, 156 Fifth 1Ar,tir1Arnn.~r::lltif" OffenSiVe againSt SO- Chile at the time of the Pinochet coup. The government, Coral said, "claims Avenue, Suite 600, New York, New •t;li~ll"''" and other dissidents. Edelstam helped save the lives of that the proof it has nothing to do with York 10010. hundreds of political refugees trapped the violence is that there are dead from of the right-wing thugs were in Santiago. His U.S. tour was part of bc:>th sides.· And I have answered, even Eventually enough calm was an effort to build support for the in meetings with the president, that 1re1sto:red so that a collection could be political prisoners remaining in the yes, there are dead from both sides,'but junta's jails. there are prisoners from only one • ~ ...... , •• , and the audience was able to without further incident. The University of Chicago meeting side-the left. And that is what proves came at the end of the first week of the government's complicity." Coral's tour. His speaking engage­ One of the questions most frequently ps tipped off ments began in Detroit March 4, where asked is whether terrorism by left-wing It was learned later in the day that he spoke at Wayne State University. groups is an effective means of com­ lvltHl.:i:1t;u police had been tipped off that Later that evening he addressed a bating repression. Coral answers that disruption was planned. University meeting at a church in the city's only the organization and mobilization told one of the monitors, Garret Chicano community. of masses of working people and other that Chicago police had told At Indiana University in Blooming­ exploited layers can be effective that morning that through their ton the following evening, he spoke against violence by the government "pipeline to the Spanish community" before an audience of 110 persons. and the right wing. had learned there would be After the talk a reception was held for "The terror of small groups isolated uu•uu•c at the meeting. Chicago police him by the Latin American Students from the masses," he explains, "only did not inform the organizers of the Association. Most of those present gives the government the pretext it IIIleetllltg, nor did they have any uni- were students and professors from needs to launch a generalized attack formed officers at the scene. Latin America. on the masses while making it appear A statement issued by the Chicago to be a defensive reaction against the chapter of USLA demanded the arrest At the University of Illinois Circle terrorists." and prosecution of the right-wing Campus in Chicago March 6, Coral Professors, academic departments, Representatives of the chapter addressed eighty students in a political student governments, campus speakers Militant/John they would not be intimidated and science class. A campus meeting imme­ bureaus, and, in one case, the Catholic USLA's JIM LITTLE: Stresses Coral tou continue their efforts to obtain diately afterward drew · 175 persons. Campus Ministry have cosponsored will continue despite disruptions.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 7 Police make no arrests Nazis. terrorize Black homeowners in By Tom O'Brien "It started the third day after we and Andy Rose moved in," Brisco said. "They first CHICAGO-A sustained campaign tried to set our garage afire." The next of terrorist attacks has been carried week a rock was thrown through the out against new Black residents of a back window. On Jan. 9 a tear-gas previously all-white area on the south­ bomb was thrown through the front west side of Chicago. window, forcing Brisco and her son to The same area has seen an upswing flee the house. The front window has in activity by the Nazi Party, which been broken so often she has replaced ran two aldermanic campaigns and is it with plastic bags. openly appealing for recruits. About a half-mile north of the Brisco After two months, the police have home is the home of Jane and Robert yet to make a single arrest. Despite Collins, who moved there in February. compelling evidence of involvement by The da;v after they moved in a brick the fascists in the attacks, the cops was hurled through their window. have not even questioned them. The next day a burning rug and mol­ The neighborhood is West otov cocktail were tossed on the porch. Englewood, in the city's 15th: alder- For days afterward a small boy threw - manic ward, where Nazi candidate a brick or rock through the rear win­ Frank Collin received 16 percent of the dow at_ 5 a.m. virtually every morning. vote in the Feb. 25 Democratic pri­ "I have no idea who is behind it," mary. Nazi candidate Thomas McGov­ Jane Collins told The Militant, "but if ern won 10 percent of the vote in the their idea is to force me to move, that's nearly 18th ward. not going to happen. We bought this Willie Mae Reid, Socialist Workers place and we intend to stay here." Party candidate for mayor of Chicago, Mrs. L. B. Turnipseed also lives has been speaking out to condemn the nearby. Her garage has been burned Dowden terror attacks and demand that the down and windows broken, she told Residents of this home across from Lillie Brisco's were forced out by fire bombing. police department a~t against the ra­ The Militant. "And they wrote on the Police offered minimal protection only after Black self-defense group began cists. sidewalk out in front, 'Niggers get patrolling area. - Reid recently visited the home of Lil­ out,' " she said. "I told the police we lie Brisco, who moved into the white need some protection, because they're section of West Englewood shortly be­ destroying our property." patrolling the neighborhood. "We have cars and we have walkie­ fore Christmas. Brisco has also called the police In an interview with The Militant, talkies, and we go into the community several times. Right after the tear-gas "Fat" Crawford, a Chicago leader of and keep up daily surveillance. We've attack, she said, the police arrived the Deacons, explained the group's at­ been out there for about the last three quickly but caught no one. titude. weeks. If it's necessary, if it gets worse, "I saw three boys get in a car. It was "We would hope that the Chicago we'll stay in people's homes in sleeping parked about four doors down headed police would do their job-get out there bags and catch one of these Nazis in north. But instead of going north they and see that these people are not har­ the act." backed all the way down the street assed," he said. "But the police just Crawford said he believes the Nazis south. The police and fire department didn't give a damn. They took the atti­ are responsible for "90 percent of the were there, but nobody asked them tude, 'oh, it's just a little game,' but damage." He pointed out that the po­ why or stopped them," she said. when people constantly throw bricks lice "will infiltrate other groups­ and fire bombs through your windows SCLC [Southern Christian Leadership Self-defense organized it is a dangerous situation!" Conference], or the Muslims, or Opera­ Since mid-February the police have Crawford said the house across from tion PUSH. Why aren't they trying to provided one patrol car to cruise the Brisco home was the first target in infiltrate the Nazis? Where Black peo­ around the area, and the attacks have this series of attacks. It was fire­ ple are concerned, we know, and they slacked off. bombed and damaged so severely the know, the police won't do anything "They need more than just the one family had to move out. Today all the about it." car," said Mrs. Turnipseed. "One car windows are boarded up and swastikas can't watch these three houses." But are painted on the front. "Vote Collin" Disciples of Hitler when she asked for more protection, stickers have been pasted on the front The Nazis have all but admitted re­ the police told her they "couldn't afford door. sponsibility for the attacks. Mike it." "We don't want the other people's Kelly, an "adjutant" to Collin, was Even this minimal police protection homes to get to the point where they asked by Chicago Weekend reporter was provided only after a Black self­ have to pack up and move out and lose Steve Askin "if members of his group Windows of Lillie Brisco's home have defense group, the Deacons of Defense their hard-earned money," Crawford bombed black homeowners." been repeatedly smashed by racists. and Justice, indicated it would begin said. "He replied, 'I couldn't say yes be­ cause it would be incriminating, but, on the other hand, I won't say no. We may or may not be directly responsi­ ble, but I will say that we are responsi­ SWP demands action against racists ble by our very being here. . . I will The following are excerpts tolerance for the white racist terror- schools they choose. say our being here gives encourage­ from a statement issued by Wil- ists shows that Daley is certainly I will use every opportunity avail- ment- to the white people to put up lie Mae Reid, Socialist Workers not good for Black Chicago. able to me as a condidate for mayor resistance,' " Askin reported. Pa~ty cand~date for mayor of I demand the immediate arrest of Chicago to help publicize and or- Nevertheless, the police say they Chicago. and prosecution of those responsible ganize the May 17 action. have not even questioned the Nazis or for these atrocities against Black tried to investigate Nazi involvement. Nine years after Dr. Martin Lu­ people. I urge all those concerned The Nazi Party headquarters is only ther King Jr. led open-housing with the rights of Black people to a few blocks from the damaged homes. marches in Chicago, Black residents join with me in this demand. If you visit Rockwell Hall, as it is called who have moved into previously all­ The terrorist attacks in West Eng­ ("in memory of our slain commander white West Englewood are being lewood are not isolated acts of mad­ Lincoln Rockwell"), you will first be subjected to a vicious campaign of ness. They are occurring in the con­ struck by the swastikas and rightist racist harassment and terrorism text of a racist offensive against slogans around the entrance. "South aimed at forcing them out of thei; Black school-children in Boston. Africa First," one proclaims. homes. I was in Boston recently to attend The solid wooden door will be opened I have talked to one of the Black the National Student Conference for you from inside, possibly by a families under attack. I have seen Against Racism. Students and other youth with a pistol on his hip. You will the many swastikas and Nazi Party young people at that conference find yourself in a small, dimly lit meet­ stickers proclaiming "Save Our joined the Boston NAACP in a call ing room, decorated with a large Amer­ White Neighborhoods." I have seen for a march on Boston on May 17. ican flag and a portrait of Adolf Hitler. the broken windows, the damage On that date, thousands of people If you had visited the hall before the done by fire and tear-gas bombings, will demand an end to the harass­ Feb. 25 aldermanic election, you would the racist epithets painted on walls. ment of Blacks. This demonstration, have been given stickers reading, Why has the Daley administra­ and local actions to be held around "Save our white neighborhood! Vote tion failed to take action? If the N a­ the country and in Chicago in April, Collin," and decorated with swastikas. zis are responsible, why have they will answer the racist offensive in You would have been handed a Col­ not been apprehended? If others are Boston and help to take the wind lin brochure headed, "Stop the Black Invasion." It includes pledges to "Keep responsible, why are they still at out of the sails of the racists here. WILLIE MAE REID: 'I demand imme­ southwest Chicago White;" "Abolish large? Mayor Daley claims to be Blacks have the right to live wher­ diate arrest and prosecution of those F.H.A. [Federal Housing Administra­ "Good for Chicago." The inaction of ever they please and the right to responsible for these atrocities tion] loans used to move Blacks into Daley's police department and his send their children to whatever against Black people.' White neighborhoods at little or no

8 Hearing to probe FBI, CIA links Chicago to right-wing attacks on socialists cost to Negroes;" and "Expose the By Andy Rose crooked real-estate practices of Jewish CHICAGO-Evidence of police, FBI, realtors who are blo.ck-busting our and CIA complicity in illegal right­ White community with forced integra­ wing attacks on the Socialist Workers tion." Party and Young Socialist Alliance "The, niggers do not want 'equal­ will be probed in a special hearing ity,'" the brochure says. "They want scheduled to open here March 19. POLITICAL POWER to rule! They The Illinois state board of elections want YOUR home, YOUR neighbor­ has granted the hearing for the Social­ hood, YOUR women and YOUR life!" ist Workers campaign committee to If you call a "White Power Hot-Line" present its case for exemption from the number, you will hear a recorded mes­ state's campaign finance disclosure sage from Frank Collin urging, "If you law. The law requires turning over to are fed up with the niggers pushing the state the name~ and addresses of our people around in our own country, everyone who contributes $150 or more then do something about it," and tell­ to an election campaign. ing how to become a "uniformed storm­ March 17 is the deadline for candi­ trooper" in the "sacred cause." dates in the Chicago mayoral race to Eighteen hundred voters in the 15th file financial reports. Willie Mae Reid, ward pulled the lever for this racist, SWP candidate for mayor, has an­ anti-Semitic scum. nounced that she will at that time re­ fuse to hand over the names of any Gov't encourages racists campaign contributors. The west half of the 15th ward is "A number of supporters of socialist part of a larger white area around Mar­ candidates in Chicago have been fired S. Thomas Sutton with material 'Legion of Justice' stole in 1969 attack on SWP quette Park, which has long been a from their jobs, harrased, intimidated, headquarters. Was he in pay of CIA? center of racist resistance to Black civil burglarized, and even . beaten up and rights. It was for several years a base Maced by right-wing thugs," Reid said. of support for the late S. Thomas Sut­ "We are waging a vigorous fight to Intelligence Group with information Royko's source further stated that ton's "Operation Crescent," a cam­ halt all such attacks," she continued. on radical groups in the area. his group had "planted bugs in the paign to drive Blacks out of the south­ "But so long as anyone is being ha­ He testified that in 1969 the Legion office of antiwar groups" and carried west side. rassed I am not about to open people up stole documents from the Chicago 7 out "physical beatings, harrassment, In 1966, Marquette Park was the to victimization by turning over their defense and delivered them to the Mili­ threats, and disruptions of meetings." scene of violent attacks on open­ names to the very agencies-like the tary Intelligence Group. It would thus "If I needed money for anything," the housing marches led by Martin Luther Chicago police 'red squad' and the be reasonable to infer that the stolen informant said, "I just told the leader FBI-that have themselves carried out SWP and YSA files were also handed of the organization and he'd come up some of these illegal acts and aided over to the Army; with it. I heard him make phone calls and abetted others." O'Brien's testimony also led to the and tell the person he vias calling how Reid said that in all other respects admission by the Chicago "red squad" much he needed. He told me he was she would comply fully with the cam­ that it had close surveillance over the getting it from the CIA. . . . paign financing law. YSA at that time, and that Tom West,. "Money wasn't a problem, and neith­ Socialist Workers campaign commit­ an undercover cop, had infiltrated the er were other things-the tools we tees around the country have been YSA in 1969. needed for burglaries, tear gas for ha­ challenging the state and federal dis­ rassment, weapons and so on.' We'd closure requirements, citing revela­ tell him what we needed, and he'd get tions about the FBI's "counterintelli­ Links to CIA it." gence program" aimed at "disruption" More recently, Chicago Daily News At the March 19 hearing, the Social- of the SWP. columnist Mike Royko turned up fur­ In the Chicago area especially ther damning evidence of direct links Supporters of freedom of political strong evidence has come to light of between the CIA and the right-wing association are urged to attend the police, FBI, and CIA involvement in . gang. March 19 hearing. It will be held at illegal attacks. In his Jan. 31 column, Royko report­ the /1/inois state board of elections ed that "a former right-wing terrorist" office, 100 N. La Salle St. in Chica­ 'Legion of Justice' attacks told him "the CIA helped finance and In 1969 and 1970 an ultraright gang direct his organization in exchange for go, beginning at 1 p.m. For more called the Legion of Justice engaged in records stolen in burglaries of antiwar information call (312) 939-0756 armed assaults on the SWP and YSA and radical groups' offices." headquarters, stole records, destroyed "He said that Army and Air Force ist Workers campaign committee in­ documents, and made death threats intelligence units also shared in the tends to bring out the past and present against SWP and YSA members. stolen documents, as did the so-called connections between federal agencies, ilitant/Tom O'Brien On Nov. 1, 1969, a dozen masked 'Red Squad' of the Chicago Police De­ Chicago cops, and right-wing terrorists Nazis are carrying out open recruitment thugs entered the Chicago socialist partment," Royko reported. to back up its case for exemption from drive for 'stormtroopers.' headquarters with tire irons, Mace, Royko's informant asked to remain the disclosure requirement. and clubs. They attacked the four peo­ anonymous for fear of reprisals by the According to campaign director Pa­ King. Whites stoned civil rights march­ ple present and stole records and a "red squad," but from his discription of tricia Grogan, the SWP will seek to ers and burned their cars. cash box. the burglaries and attacks it is obvious subpoena John O'Brien, undercover During the open-housing campaign, Two weeks later attorney S. Thomas that the Legion of Justice was the cop Tom West, Mayor Richard Daley, Lincoln Rockwell and several of his Sutton, a well-known leader of racist group involved. Chicago police superintendent James followers came to Chicago. The Nazis opposition to open housing, held a Royko quoted his informant as say­ Rochford, former state's attorney Ed­ were well received by the most rabid news conference to display material ing: "The man who was in charge of ward Hanrahan, and agents of the racists in Marquette Park, but they "liberated" from a "communist head­ the organization [most likely Sutton­ Continued on page 30 were quickly arrested by Cook County quarters." The material turned out to A.R.] was the direct contact to the CIA. sheriffs police and escorted out of the be the records stolen from the SWP I was with him several times when he county. Richard Ogilvie, then sheriff, and YSA. would meet with a CIA agent to talk told a news conference the Nazis would In another incident, the apartment about information they were interested be arrested if they returned. of several YSA members at Northern in getting.... Today the situation is different. Pres­ Illinois University in DeKalb was "The man in charge would tell us ident Ford has openly solidarized him­ raided by eight to 10 men, who Maced what they wanted and where we might self with the antibusing lynch mobs in the occupants and clubbed one with a find it. Then it was a matter of our South Boston. In Los Angeles, police tire iron. planning the burglary, just as you'd have not moved against the Nazis who The police and state's attorney's of­ plan any other burglary. . . . bombed a Socialist Workers Party cam­ fice refused to take action to halt the "In a way, it was funny. The burgla­ paign headquarters, a bombing evi­ attacks, but in the face of a vigorous ries would be reported to the police. dently linked to an antibusing cam­ public campaign" by supporters of civil Then a few days latter, we'd be giving paign in Pasadena. liberties the Legion's attacks eventual­ the police copies of records we had During the recent primary campaign ly tapered off. taken in the burglaries." here, a leaflet was distributed on the While the complicity of the Chicago Army intelligence agent O'Brien had southwest side warning that "if Mayor police and courts with the Legion was . earlier testified about a visit by G. Gor­ Daley is not elected, then Chicago will clear, it seemed at the time that these don Liddy, the notorious CIA agent belong to the Jews and Negroes." attacks were primarily the work of a and Watergate burglar, to the 113th Daley refused to repudiate the leaflet. tiny, local right-wing group. M.I. Group's offices in October 1969, This sort of official encouragement At the Chicago 7 trial of antiwar just two weeks before the first legion of to the racists and Nazis, and the cops' figures in November 1973, however, Justice attacks on the SWP and YSA. Militant/Harry Ring failure to lift a finger against the right­ broader links began to emerge. Former Royko's account would indicate that Morris Starsky, fired from teaching wing terrorists, underline the necessity Army intelligence agent John O'Brien Liddy probably met with Sutton as position after FBI slander campaign, will for a massive response by civil rights testified that the Legion of Justice reg­ well and that such CIA-Legion con­ tour Chicago to publicize facts about forces. ularly supplied the 113th Military tacts were a matter of course. harassment of socialists.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 9 SWPnominee exposes Denver SWP launches Berkeley police files city election campaign By John Gordon tion over mucl} of Berkeley, has photo- By Tom Kincaid BERKELEY, Calif.-At a meeting of graphed or taped political rallies on DENVER-The Socialist Workers the Berkeley city council Feb. 25, the Berkeley campus and maintained Party candidates for the municipal Police Chief Wesley Pomeroy admitted secret political files in collaboration elections were announced here at a that the Berkeley cops kept secret files with the FBI and congressional witch- rally Feb. 22. Joyce Tally is running on political activists but claimed they hunting committees. for mayor and Jack Marsh for Denver have now been destroyed. Council members agreed that the school board. Pomeroy's admission came in the UCPD does engage in such activities, "Citizens of Denver face an increas· face of intensive questioning by Carl but they claimed. to have no jurisdic- ing number of problems common to Finamore, Socialist Workers Party tion over it. working people across the country," candidate for mayor of Berkeley, at a Finamore demanded "full disclosure said Tally. Unemployment poses tragic, hearing on mutual aid agreements of the Watergating practices of the consequences for thousands. Inflation between the Berkeley police and other Berkeley police and the UCPD. We robs us of our purchasing power at the police agencies. think the city council should be con- rate of 12 percent per year. A cloud of Finamore pointed to FBI documents cerned with the harassment of any debilitating pollution hangs over our showing collaboration between the Berkeley resident no matter who is city every day. Berkeley police and "the FBI and engaging in this harassment." "Denver cops are using deadly evidence of the police department's use In a related development, Finamore hollow-point bullets to increase their announced that his campaign commit- killing power, placing them in the role tee will file suit against the Berkeley of judge, jury, and executioner as well election law requiring disclosure of as endangering the lives of bystanders. campaign contributors who give $25 or I intend to speak to these problems in more. "The recent city council hearings my campaign and offer a socialist show the kind of intimidation support- alternative to the rule of big business ers of radical organizations are sub- that is responsible for this mess." jected to. It is unconstitutional to Marsh, a 38-year-old Teamster, com­ demand that we turn over the names of pared the developing fight over school people so that they will be subject to desegregation in Denver to the situa- Militant/Frank Lord this harassment," he said. tion in Boston. Joyce Tally is running for mayor of In addition to endangering the rights "The racists on the school board and Denver on SWP ticket. of radical organizations and their the group that calls itself Citizens' supporters, the Berkeley election law Association for Neighborhood Schools restricts the political rights of unions use the same arguments as their ty employees in the school system. by prohibiting union contributions to Boston counterparts to deny Blacks "The socialists stand on the side of political campaigns. and Chicanos equal education," he the Black and Chicano communities in On Feb. 26 Finamore an~ Byron said. "They talk about 'quality educa- their fight for equal ·education, and I Ackerman, of the Committee for Demo- tion,' but what they lire really after is will campaign for the right of these cratic Election Laws (CoDEL), ap- to maintain privileges for whites at the communities to decide for themselves peared at a meeting of the Fair expense of Blacks and Chicanos. what schools they will attend in order Campaign Practices Commission. "The present school board has spent to achieve equality of education." They asked that the SWP campaign thousands of taxpayer dollars in fight- Linda Jenness, a chairperson of the committee not be found in violation of ing court-ordered desegregation, yet it Socialist Workers 1976 National Cam· the law for refusing to disclose the has refused to implement bilingual, paign Committee, and Phil Reser, a names of its contributors. bicultural education programs, which former regional coordinator of Viet­ After listening to their evidence of would improve the quality of education nam Veterans Against the War/Winter harassment of the SWP and its support- for Blacks and Chicanos. These racists Soldier Organization, who recently ers, one commissioner said, ·"This law have also refused to carry out a court joined the Young Socialist Alliance, means that these people cannot expect order to increase the number of minori- also addressed the rally. Militant/Joseph Ryan equal treatment in the courts as Carl Finamore campaigns on Berkeley socialists, and I think we should try to street corner. establish some kind of legal relief for them." Some commissioners suggested that of undercover agents inside radical the SWP campaign committee should Socialist candidates hit groups. violate the law and test it in the courts. "There is good reason to believe," Finamore told the commisswn, said Finamore, "that the Berkeley "There is no reason for the SWP to Pittsburgh plant closing police are engaging in the same kind of place itself and its supporters in surveillance and disruption programs jeopardy of prosecution under this By Joan Buchanan county commissioners and city council against opponents of government poli- law." He pointed out that the commis­ PITTSBURGH-The 875 men and should hold hearings where the corpo­ cy as the FBI and the CIA nationally." sion had the power to declare the women who work at the Allis­ ration's complete financial records are Chalmers transformer plant here have open to UAW members and the public His statement provoked a lengthy campaign. commi"tt ee not t o b e In· discussion by the city council. "I've violation of the law. been told that the plant will close this in general." been told that there is a political file on After a lengthy discussion, the month, leaving them with no jobs. He called for support to any efforts me," council member Ying Lee Kelly commission reached a consensus that The local Democratic and Republi­ by the UAW to mobilize public demon­ said. Ira Simmons, another member of I"t wou ld not fi n d th e SWP campaign· can politicians have all termed the strations to protest the shutdown. the council' said, "I've had the experi- committee in violation of the law while situation "most unfortunate" and "If Allis-Chalmers puts profits before ence of being bugged during at least litigation is pending, but they held off quickly explained that there is nothing people,'' said Berns, "and closes the plant, the city and county govern­ two press conferences" while involved on a final vote until a later meeting. they can do about it. in supporting deserters from the air- The Allis-Chalmers workers were ments should step in and turn it over craft carrier Coral Sea. counting more on their union, United to those who work there and assist the· Finamore proposed that the council Auto Workers (UAW) Local1036, than workers in keeping the plant running. take action to determine whether the · the politicians to help them, but few of Berkeley police are still engaging in them were particularly optimistic. As "Good use could be made of the political espionage. "We need public one man said, "I guess we'll be transformers built in the plant in the hearings so that all Berkeley residents cleaning out our lockers pretty soon homes, schools, and hospitals that who have been Watergated by the now." must be built in this country. We have police can give evidence," he said. The Socialist Workers Party candi­ a skilled work force here that could be In spite of Pomeroy's admissions dates for city council, Allegheny Coun­ building these transformers and run­ and some of its own members' experi­ ty commissioner, and county control­ ning the plant. We say if Allis­ ences, the council refused to take this ler issued a statement Feb. 28 saying, Chalmers wants to run away, let the step, voting instead to refer the matter "Allis-Chalmers Corporation's decision workers stay here and run the plant." to the police review commission for a to close its North Side transformer On March 5 Berns and a group of further report. The head of the commis· plant callously disregards the need of supporters distributed the Socialist sion, Jim Chanin, told Finamore after working people. At a time when this Workers Party campaign statement the council meeting that the . SWP firm's profits have gone up by over 30 and copies of the SWP's proposed "Bill could make a statement about political percent, they are throwing hundreds of of Rights for Working People" to the harassment that would appear in the people into the unemployment lines. workers at Allis-Chalmers. commission's report to the council. Action must be taken to keep the plant "We're glad to see you out here," said Gordon Fox, of the Political Rights open and guarantee these workers one of the men entering the plant. Defense Fund, testified at the city their jobs with no cut in pay." "Good luck, we need people like you,'' council meeting about another police Neil Berns, SWP candidate for Al­ said another. One man promised his agency, the University of California legheny County commissioner, said, vote to the socialist slate. Another said police department (UCPD). Fox said Berkeley cop. They also spy on people "We have a right to know the truth he was sorry the socialists hadn't been that this agency, which has jurisdic- and keep secret political dossiers. about this shutdown. We demand that in Pittsburgh years ago when the Allis-Chalmers open its books. The troubles at Allis-Chalmers started.

10 Peter Camejo arrested and Heisler threatened by Houston cops at kick-off By Stu Singer HOUSTON-On March 11, police here arrested and jailed Socialist Work­ rally in ers Party presidential candidate Peter Camejo on a phony charge of interfer­ ing with a police officer. While in Seattle police custody Camejo was threatened By Louise Armstrong both verbally and physically. SEATTLE-A spirited rally was The frame-up of Camejo comes after held here March 1 to launch the several weeks of pressure by the Texas Socialist Workers Party campaign for Socialist Workers campaign committee city and county council. The party is for local and federal action to halt running Karl Berman, Tobe Emmer­ harassment of socialists by the Ku ich, Patricia Bethard, Gale Shangold, Klux Klan. The Klan carried out an and Wesley Weinhold for city council armed demonstration near the socialist and David Zilly for King County campaign headquarters here Feb. 20 council. and has since threatened campaign Featured speaker Ed Heisler, co­ workers. chaiz-Person of the Socialist Workers The response of the Houston police 1976 National Campaign Committee, has been to do absolutely nothing blasted the Republicans and Demo­ about the openly illegal acts of the crats for propping up big business Klan. Instead, they arrested the social­ while millions of Americans are unem­ ist candidate for president of the ployed. "There is a lot of work to be United States, who had violated no done in this country," he said. "We law whatsoever. need schools, hospitals, and housing. We demand jobs for all! Our campaign In fact, the arrest came only one day Klan calling card on door of SWP supporters in Houston: 'You have been paid a after a delegation of concerned citizens stands for a Bill of Rights for working friendly visit by the Ku Klux Klan. Should we pay you a real visit?' Instead of acting people, including the right to work and had met with Chief of Police Carrol to halt Klan terror, cops arrested SWP presidential candidate. Lynn for one and one-half hours, the right to a decent income." demanding action against the Klan, Karl Berman, in his speech to the protection for campaign workers, and Phone calls to the news media put away from this statement and said rally, stressed the need for a socialist specifically protection for Camejo dur­ reports of the arrest on the radio there were some cops whose "views are alternative in Seattle. ing his tour of Houston. almost immediately. City officials very close to those of the Klan." "The 1975 Seattle budget provides Camejo's Texas tour has received reacted in embarrassment. George When asked how Blacks in Houston more money for the Seattle police wide publicity throughout the state. On Strong, a public relations agent for could expect fair treatm~nt from open­ department than for the Public Health, the day of his arrest he had spoken at Mayor Fred Hofheinz, said both the ly racist cops like these, Lynn said Community Development, Human Re­ a well-attended news conference, at a mayor and the chief of police regretted proper supervision would do the job. sources, Human Rights, and Building meeting at the downtown campus of the arrest but that it was a legal arrest. Camejo's release from jail after two departments combined. The Seattle the University of Houston, and to Strong quoted Police Chief Lynn as hours-and after his campaign sup­ police department protects the rich. unemployed workers on the lines at the saying it was a "comedy of errors" and porters had put up $102.50 cash for The other departments supposedly look Texas Employment Commission. He that he wished the officers had not bail-was covered by all the major after the welfare of the rest of us. But had also had several radio interviews. been so "diligent" in "enforcing the news media in Houston. "This is the while the police get $26.25-million, the At the time of the arrest Camejo was law." way Blacks and Chicanos are treated Human Rights department, which is returning to the Houston dimpaign "The Houston police are notoriously every day," Camejo said. "The police responsible for the enforcement of city headquarters in a car with three 'diligent' where Blacks, Chicanos, and were not provoked in any way. They laws on discrimination and implemen­ campaign supporters: Sylvia Zapata socialists are concerned," Camejo com­ have violated my civil liberties." tation of the affirmative-action pro­ and Armand Silvestri from San Anto­ mented. "They are notoriously in­ However, harassment by the Klan gram, gets only $350,000. nio, and Juan Garcia from Harlingen. competent concerning terrorist attacks and the police have not stopped the "The priorities at city hall are clear. by the Ku Klux Klan or selling of socialist campaign from reaching large We are running to offer the people of Car stopped by cops heroin by Houston police." numbers of people. The front-page Seattle an alternative to an adminis­ Six blocks from the headquarters a Chief Lynn's "comedy of errors" banner headline in the March 7 Austin tration ruled by big business." police car ordered them to pull over. does not seem funny to anyone else. It American-Statesman, the major Aus­ Tobe Emmerich spoke out against Silvestri, who had been driving, and came only two weeks after his tin daily, read: "Socialist Hits the the recent racist attacks on students in Zapata got out of the car to find out admission-published in the Houston Super-rich." Boston and the racism at the Universi­ why they were being stopped. Post-that he had known days in In an interview printed in the ty of Washington (UW). While the cops were talking to them, advance of the Klan's plan to gather Houston Post, Camejo explained, "Our "The antibusing movement in Bos­ Camejo got out of the car to find out with guns outside the Houston social­ goal is not so much to win the office as ton, the attack on Calvin Goines [a what was happening. One of the two ist campaign headquarters. it is to win the American people. The Black dental student who has recently cops told Camejo to "get your ass back In the March 10 meeting to demand best response I get now is from been expelled from the University of into the car!" police protection, Lynn stated that he unemployed people.... Washington dental school], the denial Camejo asked why they had been would continue in his refusal to give "These are people in a radical, a of tenure to Black faculty at the UW, stopped. One of the cops grabbed him, advance warning in the event of future critical situation ... and a good many and the sham of integration in Seattle twisted his arm behind his back, and Klan threats because, "You would then of them don't mind taking an honest· schools are all part of an attempt to said, "So you're the Commie who's just get all the TV stations out there to look at radical solutions." take back the gains of the civil rights running for president." He then threw film it." So far Camejo's socialist campaign movement." Camejo into the backseat of the patrol tour has been through five Texas "The Seattle Freedom March Goali­ car. Cops & the Klan cities. He has spoken directly to 600 tion," she said, "is sponsoring a Camejo was kept in the police car During the meeting Lynn was asked, people at campus rallies at San Anto­ demonstration in Seattle on May 17 in while the cops called their superiors. "How many cops are members of the nio College and at Texas Southmost solidarity with a national march in After a sergeant arrived the cops Klan?" College and at meetings such as one in Boston that day-demanding equal caucused and seemed to be working out First he said none. Then he backed San Juan, where Camejo addressed education for Blacks and supporting their story on the arrest. They then · members of the United Farm Workers the Boston busing program. informed Camejo's supporters who had at their hall. "The Socialist Workers campaign been called to the scene that the car supports this demonstration. We will had been stopped because they thought Interviews in Spanish build it and we will publicize it they saw a passenger "shredding Numerous radio and TV stations wherever we go. We are going to take something." Camejo, they said, had have interviewed Camejo, and many of the socialist campaign from the gates "interfered" with their investigation the broadcast interviews ·have been of Boeing to the waterfront, from the and was being arrested. conducted in Spanish. food stamp lines to the unemployment No charges of "illegal shredding" At a news conference in Brownsville, offices." ! were filed. Camejo was the only one held only a block away from the U.S.­ Sally Seal, a Washington convener charged with a crime. Mexican border, Camejo blasted the of the Coalition of Labor Union Wom­ The real reason for the arrest was U.S. government for its racist policies en and member of Retail, Wholesale indicated by the fact that the cops against immigrant workers. Respond­ and Department Store Union Local knew who Camejo was. At the police ing to the charge that Mexican work­ 1001, gave greetings to the rally. station Camejo was threatened by one ers who have entered the United States Stephanie Coontz, a faculty member guard, who said, "You're the big are the main reason for unemployment at Evergreen State College, who has Commie, aren't you? I'm going to get in the Southwest, he answered, "They recently been under fire for her social­ you when you get out." have become scapegoats for capital­ ist views, gave an enthusiastic fund At one point this guard had to be ism's problems. This country should be appeal, which netted $1,827 for the restrained by another when he moved Militant/Susan Garry able to take care of everyone living launching of the campaign. toward Camejo in the jail. Camejo at U. of Texas in Austin within its boundaries."

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 11 In Our Opinion Letters

May 17 support Carl's life, this was it-the belief that U.S. Out Now! On Feb. 26 the student senate of the the left in this country can and must The slaughter in Vietnam and Cambodia could be ended in a University of Kansas, in Lawrence, find a way to work together, within the matter of days. All it would take is withdrawal of the U.S. aid passed by a strong majority a framework of the various that props up the dictators in Saigon and Pnompenh. Behind resolution in support of the upcoming disagreements. Some people thought the dovish pose adopted by the majority of Democrats and May 17 march on Boston to demand he was simplistic about it, but they Republicans these days lurks one simple, ugly fact: the killing implementation of court-ordered never convinced Carl. He always goes on only because Congress continues to appropriate funds desegregation of Boston's schools. quoted a maxim that I think he said The resolution takes note of the came from the revolutionary for it. many incidents of violence brought movement in France-that "there are On March 11 a Senate foreign relations subcommittee voted 4 about by racist resistance to the no enemies on the left." Carl always to 3 to approve still another $125-million for the Lon Nol Boston busing plan. It also affirms maintained that his only enemy was regime. This was billed as a "compromise'' with President that Black students in Boston have a the United States ruling class and the Ford's request for $222-million. constitutionally recognized right to system they represent. The swing vote was provided by liberal New York Republican equal education free from intimidation. This position became more and more Jacob Javits. Campaigning for reelection last year, Javits sang And it concludes as follows: difficult in recent years-as some "Whereas, the Boston NAACP has people on the left decided he and others the praises of his own "antiwar" record and boasted of his called for a mass legal peaceful were· their enemies. But Carl sponsorship of the War Powers Act, which he claimed would national march on Boston to maintained his conviction on this prevent another Vietnam. implement the desegration order, and point until the day he died-and I Now, justifying his vote to support the butchers in Pnom­ "Whereas, the National Student believe if he had lived longer he would penh, Javits said, "There was a cry for help in the dark ofiiight Conference Against Racism with 2,000 have continued to do so, no matter which I did not want to deny." delegates from 28 states and 147 what anybody said. There is a cry for help coming from Cambodia, all right..:._the colleges endorsed that call, Thank you again. "Be it resolved that the University of Anne Braden cry of the millions of refugees, the maimed, the widows, and the Kansas Student Senate endorses the Louisville, Ky. starving children of a land devastated by U.S. bombs and demonstration. and its demands." bullets. But the only way to answer their cry is to stop all the Chris Starr military aid and get all the U.S. forces out of Southeast Asia­ Lawrence, Kans. now! Immigrant workers I'm very much interested in the Chicano movement and have found Call for mass action The Militant is the only paper that has I am a student attending high school actually told it like it is-no holds CIA: Murder, Inc. in New York City. I frequently read barred. The Militant, and it keeps me quite up I don't always agree with your Throughout the 1960s the Cuban government and radicals in to date on the situation in Boston. The reporters, especially on the illegal the United States denounced CIA sabotage and assasssination growing mobilization against racism alien. Your paper does not change my attempts on Fidel Castro, while top officials like President there is the best thing I've seen since way of thinking, since I happen to live Kennedy piously denied the charges. Now the proof is rolling in: the antiwar movement. in the middle of the agricultural area. I secret death squads were an accepted CIA tactic. Kennedy and Though the racist violence in Boston know this is one of the reasons Cesar · the \others were liars. does not directly affect us in New York, Chavez has not been able to regain his or anywhere else·in this country for The FBI wiretaps dissidents and assigns provocateurs to contracts, because I see the influx of that matter, a victory for the Black aliens used as strikebreakers. foment violence, it was charged. Some found that hard to community in Boston would mean a Otherwise your paper is very believe, but now the proof is beyond question. victory for all other oppressed informative, and I wouldn't think of The very people who yelled the loudest about "protecting minorities across the nation. not purchasing it. freedom" and "fighting terrorism" are day by day being We cannot let these white racists get Olympia Cota exposed as the worst murderers and lawbreakers on the face of away with the injustice they are doing Firebaugh, Calif. the earth. to our brothers and sisters, not only in Boston, but everywhere in the United Were the CIA and FBI responsible for the murders of Martin States. Luther King and Malcolm X? Those charges too seemed I am making a call for mass action A new regular farfetched to many at the time. But now ... who can seriously among all high school students, not I would like to subscribe to The believe that the death squads were only for use outside u.s. only in New York, but all across this Militant for one year. borders? Especially when the CIA takes the attitude that deteriorating nation rotten with I enjoy the newspaper, and instead antiwar activists, Black militants, and socialists must be racism. I am urging all of you to show of randomly buying a paper, I would "foreign agents." up in Boston on May 17 and say "No!" like to get it regularly. to the racists. Government committees "investigating" the CIA are ignoring D.B. I know I'll be there. Sacramento, Calif. the biggest crimes and nervously wondering how much they Jacob Harris can get away with covering up. But the American people have Brooklyn, N.Y. been lied to long enough. It's time to open all the secret files and let the truth come out. Job~ protest Although the building-trades Texas teachers demonstration in New York City on The article "Armed Klansmen Feb. 27 [see The Militant March 14] threaten socialists," which appeared in seemed more, at first, like a July 4 the March 7 issue of The Militant, had parade with a "get rid of illegal aliens" Stalinist repression an error that should be corrected. It theme, what it was really all about An international day of protest against the denial of civil stated that 15 delegates to the Texas showed through everywhere as the liberties in the Soviet Union has been called for March 29. It State Teachers Association (TST A) morning progressed. Workers were shouting "We want work!" and little deserves the support of every socialist and every fighter for convention held in Fort Worth Feb. 20- 22 sent a message urging police action about foreign workers. democratic rights. . to halt the Ku Klux Klan terror. It was unfortunate that the placards For too long the Stalinist regime in Moscow has been able to However, it was 15 delegates to the were not consonant with the pose as the representative of socialism, while denying the Texas Classroom Teachers announced aims of the march that had Soviet workers and peasants even the most elementary political Association, which met that weekend, been made by the officials themselves. freedoms. who sent the message condemning the The Painters union noted in a letter The police dictatorship, maintained in the interests of a right-wing terror, not the TSTA. its membership that "planned city construction projects have been privileged bureaucracy, has driven millions of the best Soviet Becky Ellis Houston, Tex. reduced by $316-million. Rebuilding of youth into apathy or cynicism. It has stained the very idea of the West Side Highway has been socialism in the eyes of the working people of the world. stymied. Badly needed new schools, Thanks in large part to the Stalinist criminals, the defenders hospitals, and other public buildings of capitalism-who have waded through the blood of millions in Carl Braden stay ignored!" Indochina, and today supply the instruments of torture for I want to thank you for the very These are the demands that should dictatorships throughout the world-are still able to pose as perceptive article you published in have been carried on the.signs. defenders of "the democratic way of life." your March 7 issue on the death of my We demand giant public works husband Carl-and on his life. projects to make up for the failure of The voices of the socialist future, and of real democracy, are Carl would have liked what you private industry to provide work for not those of Stalin's heirs in the Kremlin, pledged to a policy of wrote very much. He would have our members. cooperation with capitalism internationally and suppression of especially liked your emphasis on his How is it possible that in a city beset any dissent at home. The real voices of the future are to be efforts throughout his lifetime to work with slums waiting to be torn down found among the rebels demanding human freedom, including with all groups on the left. and rebuilt that building tradesmen those in the Soviet dissident movement today. If there was any one passion of are out of work? Even if the city simply

12 National Picket Line Frank Lovell A time for action enforced existing building and health codes and insured that tenants' rights The logical conclusion to be drawn from the that a million workers in that state are unemployed. were ·protected, endless work would be worldwide economic crisis of capitalism is that the Unions are getting the marching fever. The New provided to building tradesmen. These working class is the necessary and the only social York Carriers' Outlook, official monthly publication of themes too could have been put upon force that can resolve the contradictions of capitalist Branch 36, National Letter Carriers Association, now signs. production. This logic will find expression in the in negotiations with the U.S. Postal Service over Further links could have been made actions of the working class as it moves into the arena wages and jobs, says in an article, "We must organize by the building-trades unions to other of political struggle. a massive march on Washington, D.C." sections of the population: The present round of demonstrations already held Barry Weiner, an officer of the union, writes, "We Build decent homes for the aged! by some unions and planned by others to get must demand that the recession be taken off our backs Stop Medicaid rip-offs by the medical government help for the millions of unemployed and placed exactly where it belongs. On the backs of profession! workers are the first signs of massive political motion. the corporati.ons that hav~ been making record­ Penalize bankers for collusion in These demonstrations are bound to attract and breaking profits. And the wealthy who have this far setting bond issue rates! encourage other sectors of the working class a.nd all its taxdodged their way free." Tax the rich! allies. Demonstrations and strikes are the traditional Howard Zucker The logic of this development is sometimes ex­ methods of the unions to win workers' demands and Brooklyn, N.Y. pressed in various ways even within the top councils redress social grievances. The present leaders are of the AFL-CIO bureaucracy, regardless of their timidly calling demonstrations, but they are often motives or where they think it may lead. poorly organized and as yet without focus. George Hardy, international president of the Service The demonstration of 12,000 construction workers in Reed tour Employees International Union and certainly no New York City on Feb. 27 was an example. The One of the successful meetings not firebrand, wrote an article in his union's official demonstrators blocked heavy morning traffic over the yet mentioned in The Militant's publication after attending the emergency meeting of Brooklyn Bridge, crowded through police barricades, coverage of Evelyn Reed's recent tour the AFL-CIO general board last January. Hardy says and tried to go into city hall, where top union officials took place on Feb. 13 at the University he discovered there that 11-million are unemployed, were meeting with the mayor. While this was going on of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM). The that "we all keep hearing that this is the richest program, entitled "Is Biology Woman's some local union business agents were busy handing country on earth," and · therefore: "I think there's Destiny?" was cosponsored by the out small American flags and holding up ·signs Young Socialist Alliance and the something wrong when working people-the people demanding the deportation of all "illegal aliens" to UWM Feminist Center, and it featured who keep thi~ country running-have to scramble to create jobs. Myrna Lamb and Evelyn Reed. survive, yet the huge corporations make record­ The unions have yet to agree upon meaningful Lamb read two presentations from breaking' pr<#its and pay little or no taxes .... "One demands. But the AFL-CIO executive council is her plays Apple Pie and What Have suggestion that did come up in the AFL-CIO meeting, talking about the need of a 35-hour workweek and is You Done for Me Lately? and Reed but which was never formally adopted," reports demanding a limited public works program. Neither spoke on the changing role of women Hardy, "was that working people all across the land demand is expected to create jobs for all, which is from the time of the matriarchy to the join hands in massive, peaceful demonstrations in what the unemployed need. present. support of full employment." The most realistic demands today are for an The presentations drew an Those demonstrations have already begun, piece­ amendment to the wages-and-hours law that would enthusiastic response from the meal and fitfully. On Feb. 5 about 10,000 unemployed mandate a 30-hour workweek and for a massive public audience, which numbered about 125. auto workers went to Washington for a "show of works program that will rebuild this country. This is Following the talks a large number of strength." It was a small showing compared with what is needed to "put America back to work," and it people participated in the question and what the auto union, with nearly 300,000 unemployed is an urgent need not limited to the millions who are answer period. members, could make. now unemployed. A special display of Reed's new book, The California AFL-CIO held a rally in the state This is the logic of the mass demonstrations that are Woman's Evolution, sold 16 copies capital, Sacramento, on March 8, prompted by the fact now only in their formative stages. during the course of the evening. The next day the UWM Post carried a large article on the event, and the Milwaukee Journal, the city's largest paper, printed a long interview with Evelyn Reed. By Any Means Necessary Claudia Roberson Milwaukee, Wis. Baxter Smith

Prisoners Union I would like to tell your readers about Muslims: 'freedom & equality' the Prisoners Union. We have several When ·the mad scientist Yakub created the white few Black men have done, became their most popular thousand members in prison and in man, ~s Black Muslim faith explains, ·these devils representative during the late 1950s and early 1960s. the prison on the sidewalk. were given 6,000.years to rule. The span of their rule He brought thousands of restless, anguished Black The group has existed for about two ended in 1914, but they had a 70-year grace period victims of white Christian society into the Muslim years. We believe in unity with our before Allah's original people, Black people, would be fold. The Muslims' appeal, when pitched to ghetto­ fellow inmates, and we are working to resurreCted. stricken, down-and-out Blacks, as Malcolm did best, bring about constructive redress of our In Detroit in 1931, Allah, in the body of Wallace worked better than silver and gold. It offered them a problems. Fard, recruited Elijah Poole to do his bidding. new awakening, a new pride in self, as the Muslims We are working mainly for effective put it. collective bargaining for prisoners. "He whispered in my ear, 'Yes, I am the one. But who else knows it?' Then he told me to keep quiet," But under this veneer, as Malcolm discovered, lies a Also, we are for the abolition of different organization-an organization harshly res­ indeterminate sentencing, for Poole, who became Elijah Muhammad, once said. restoration of all civil rights to Fard taught that the world belongs to Black people trictive (especially of Muslim women), often vocally convicts, and for payment of but warned of the tricky nature of the white man-a anticommunist, and always fending off Black protest prevailing wages to all prisoners. snake and a devil-and white Christian society with struggles. If possible, would you please print its hypocritical values and dual standards. Over the years, the Muslims' tough, antiwhite talk this about the Prisoners Union. Fard disappeared in 1934; some say he met with foul has brought government repression on them. But Anyone who would like more play. And Elijah Muhammad, who called hi'mself the recently their mushrooming business ventures have information or to receive our "Last Messenger of Allah" passed away last month at given them an air of "respectability" in some circles. newspaper, Outlaw, can write: Michael age 77. Before he died, he parlayed the Nation oflslam A few white politicians have even saluted the Snedeker, attorney, 1315 18th St., San from an obscure grouping in the 1930s into the Muslims as a model for Black progress. This has led Francisco, Calif. 94107. operation it is today-with an estimated m~mbership some Blacks to charge that if the Nation is gaining the A prisoner of 25,000 to 250,000, temples in some 70 cities, 15,000 respect of the devil himself, it is a bad omen. California acres of farmland, restaurants, the country's largest Disillusioned, Malcolm X left the Muslims in 1964. Black newspaper, and business ventures with an But they have a yarn about the work he did that estimated worth of $50-million to $80-million. captures as much as anything what white Christian Muhammad, the frail-voiced Messenger often pic­ society means to them. The letters column is an open forum tured gazing benignly, dressed in a tuxedo and for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ Malcolm was trying to win a Baptist to the Muslims jeweled, pillbox cap, was born in Sandersville, Ga., one one day: eral interest to pur readers. Please of 13 children to former slaves. keep your letters brief. Where · neces­ "What are the rules of your organization?" the man sary they will be abridged. Please in­ The Muslims' purpose, as they phrase it, is to win asked. dicate if your name may be used or "freedom, justice, and equality for the Black man." "Well," Malcolm said, "my brother, yo.u have to stop if you prefer that your. initials be used The building of a separate Black nation is to be the drinking, stop swearing, stop gambling, stop using instead. route. dope, and stop cheating on your wife." Malcolm Little, who took the Muslims' "X", for "ex­ "Hell," the man replied, "I think I had better remain slave," when he joined the Nation in prison, as not a a Christian."

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 13 The Great Society Harry Ring

Preserving the sacred insti­ double service to the taxpayers. It will said that on a recent visit to San himself. He didn't say, but that proba­ tutions-Under new rules promulgat­ save wear and tear on our legislators Clemente, Pat came into the living bly means he has to change the tapes ed by Vienna authorities, married · and on the luxury cars we furnish room in cleaning clothes and with soot himself too. women may not engage in prostitution. them. on her face. Dick took his handkerchief Singles and divorcees only. and tenderly wiped away the soot. "If Most touching thought of the Better wean them on gin-West you could have seen her," the rabbi week-"I never thought much about Serving the people-A Sacramento German researchers found DDT and at said, "I don't think the Mona Lisa being loved. I just did the best I cop who arrested members of the least four other potentially dangerous could have looked better.... The look could."-Richard Nixon. California legislature for drunk driv­ chemicals in the milk of 136 of 137 on her face. She's suffered a lot." ing was transferred to. a squad car expectant mothers. The average DDT Busy as a sound engineer- Richard with a supervising sergeant. And the level was five .times higher than that (Old big ears) Nixon confided to a solons were advised that if they had permitted in commerical cow's milk. The Nixon ordeal (H)-Expenses at friend that he was partly responsible trouble navigating they should simply San Clemente have been slashed so for Watergate. "I was so busy," he call the department, which would send The Nixon Ordeal (I)-Rabbi Baruch deeply, Dick confided to friends, that explained, "I just didn't have time a car to chauffeur them home. This is a Korff, mentor to the former president, he sometimes has to answer the phone to watch everybody." i La Raza en AcciOn! Miguel Pendas Child welfare and social abuse The injustices of capitalist society can make people families affected are Black or Chicano. an opportunity to assimilate Chicano children into so uptight that sometimes they take out their The fact that the social welfare agencies are not what they believe to be a better culture. When frustrations on each other or on their children. interested in the well-being of the children they children are taken from their parents by the court, However, instead of doing away with the poverty snatch from their parents has been borne out by the they are placed in foster homes until such time as and miserable living conditions that are the root of testimony of Chicana mothers who have sought the judge decides it is "safe" for them to go back. this problem, the capitalist rulers try to shift the help from the Chicana Welfare Rights Orgal'liza- These foster homes are invariably Anglo, because blame for child abuse-real or alleged-onto the tion. .. only Anglos can meet the standards set by the parents. Many of the social workers are outright racists, social welfare agencies of what constitutes a Two Denver Chicana activists told me recently the mothers have reported. In testifying before "decent" living environment. how authorities there are using the pretext of judges, social workers say things about Chicano Cases have been reported _of social workers and saving children from "abuse" in order to harass children that they would never say about Anglos. foster parents trying to force chicanitos to shun and intimidate Chicanos. Social workers have declared parents "neglectful" their language and culture, such as by Anglicizing Patricia Estrada and Jessie Corona of the because they think the children are "dirty." In one their names. One Chicana was shocked to see that Chicana Welfare Rights Organization said that case a social worker said the family had "too many her child, Paulina, was being told her name was Denver police, courts, welfare departments, and children." really "Polly." other government agencies use racist standards to "Children without supervision" is another catego­ determine what constituted "neglected" children. ry of those eligible for being snatched by authori­ As Chicana activists have pointed out, if Chica­ For example, a child who in the opinion of a ties. Since the poor cannot afford baby-sitters, nos were paid decent wages, if there were jobs for social worker is "poorly clothed and fed" is liable to mothers are often forced to leave children in the all, if unemployment and welfare benefits were be taken out of the custody of his or her parents house while they go to the store, or whatever. raised to adequate levels, if there were free medical and placed in a foster home. Of course, a great In one case, police picked up some children who care for all-then there would be no "poorly clothed many Chicano children are "poorly clothed and were supposedly crying and frightened because they and fed" children. If there were free, 24-hour, fed" because of the poverty imposed by Anglo were left without supervision. The judge released bilingual, bicultural child-care centers controlled by society. them to their mother when it was shown that the Chicano parents, then there would be no "unsui>er­ A record number of children have been taken children were crying because of the terror they felt vised" children. from their homes by authorities in Denver in ;ecent at being dragged away from their home by the cops. As human beings, we have the right to expect months, Estrada and Corona explained. Most of the Many racist social workers also see their work as these basic necessities. Their Government Cindy Jaquith The Common Cause connection-11 WASHINGTON-Things are still pretty touchy something new, something you just started doing "We've got to reduce energy consumption real down at the Common Cause office here. Not only since the articles began appearing in the papers?" I fast," Wolff told me. has the cover been blown on Rockefeller's secret asked. "Well, yes," admitted Wolff. "We did it for "A gas tax would help allocate the use of fuel. It contributions to Common Cause, but last month the internal use because some of our members had would hit pleasure driving the most," she promised. group's chief lobbyist in New York, Albert Podell, questions." Maybe if you are Common Cause Director John was thrown out of the state legislature on his ear I'll bet they had questions. Gardner it would. But if you are one of the after confessing that he used young women to I asked Wolff if she could also run down for me "common" people this group is supposed to repre­ entice legislators into taking "good government" some of the corporate contributions to Common sent, higher gas taxes will mean a direct attack on stands. Cause. She began reading me a list that included a your standard of living. One legislator summed it up: "Common Cause union, a church, and a few esoteric-sounding I had one last question for Wolff. Is Common hired a pimp to represent them in New York State." companies. Then she stopped and said, "Hmm, this Cause continuing to work with the government Behind the story of who Common Cause hires is a doesn't seem to include the biggies." against the Socialist Workers Party and other bigger story: who hires Common Cause? I said I would like to hear who "the biggies" are. groups challenging the disclosure provisions of the In our Feb. 14 column we told of the $72,000 that In addition to the ones already mentioned, she campaign financing laws? the Rockefeller family has given Common Cause, listed the Pacific Power and Light, Aetna Life and Oh yes, she told me. In fact, Common Cause will not to mention the thousands kicked in by Time, Casualty, United Artists, Iris Securities Corpora­ soon be intervening on the government's side Inc.; Allied Chemical; Ford Motor Company; and so tion and National Securities Corporation. against the suit by Senator James Buckley and on. You may ask, why do these giant corporations Those last two alone contributed more than Eugene McCarthy challenging the federal "reform" want to gi~e money to a "citizen_s' lobby" that says $10,000. What does a securities outfit stand to gain law as unconstitutional. it's out to get them? by giving money to Common Cause, I wondered? Given the FBI's harassment of the Socialist That's what I tried to ask too, when I made I was also struck by the Pacific Power and Light Workers Party, doesn't disclosure of contributors several phone calls to the Common Cause office donation, especially since Common Cause has just violate their right to privacy? here. The first thing I found out is that when you started a lobbying campaign to impose oil import "There's clearly that problem," Wolff admitted. ask about these things, Common Cause is quick to quotas and raise gasoline taxes. Seems like Pacific "But there's an overriding need to have the public offer you a list of all Rockefeller donations up to Power could make a pretty penny on that. (Not to served. These small parties can be used as a front, November of last year. "No secrets here," they seem mention the Rockefeller brothers.) you know." to be saying. "Don't import quotas and higher gas taxes kind A front? Better watch your language, Common I asked Wendy Wolff, assistant to vice-president of hurt the 'common' person?" I asked. "Won't it Cause. Some of your own members might start David Cohen, about the Rockefeller list. "Is this just mean higher profits for the energy companies?" calling you nasty names.

14 Indochina: year after year; lie after lie, the war goes on

By David Frankel pect" Chinese population of South prospects for the Lon Nol government their lavish villas and big cars testify Year after year, administration after Vietnam. Other measures in defense of are not good. Following a closed-door to this. Everyone here, including the administration, lie after lie, the United freedom were also instituted. Special briefing by CIA chief William Colby, Americans, believes that the country's States government has pursued its military tribunals, from which no Representative Michael Harrington (D­ top officials have huge bank accounts savage onslaught against the people of appeal was allowed, and mandatory Mass.) said, "It's about finished, and it abroad.... Indochina. And if Gerald Ford has death penalities defended the freedom is unlikely that much will change "The Lon Nol Government has anything to say about it, the killing of the landlords against the sharecrop­ things." announced an austerity program, but will go on. · pers and of the capitalists against the Representative Pierre du Pont (R­ it affects only the poor." Four million casualties and 10 mil­ workers. Del.), a member of one of the most lion refugees-according to conserva­ "The law must be broadly appli­ powerful capitalist families, said: "The Imperialists in a bind tive estimates-may not be too much ed... ," cautioned one government situation is very grim. How long the The revulsion of the American peo­ for Kissinger and Ford, but the Ameri­ journal. "There are crimes that deserve Cambodian government can survive ple at the ruthless slaughter in Indo­ can people have had enough. Accord­ the death penalty . . . for example, can be measured in days, not months china on behalf of the most corrupt ing to a Gallup Poll, 78 percent of the attempts to disturb the economy of the or years." and dictatorial regimes eventually population opposes the administra- . country, to organize strikes, to make With the roads to Pnompenh and the forced Nixon to Withdraw the U.S. tion's demand of more military aid for demonstrations that damage the pres­ Mekong River blocked by rebel forces, combat forces in that area. The contin­ the Saigon and Pnompenh regimes. tige of the nation, to disseminate false the only way supplies have been ued power of the antiwar sentiment in Ford-supposedly the paragon of news ...." coming into the city has been by the the U.S. has put the imperialists in a bluff honesty and homey decency, in The freedom of the peasants to U.S.-financed airlift. H. D. S. Green­ bind. Faced with the prospect of the contrast to the sleazy crook who support the dictatorship was ensured way wrote in the March 10 Washing­ collapse of their clients in Cambodia, originally appointed ·him vice­ by rounding them up and imprisoning ton Post, "Military experts say that the they are in a poor position to use U.S. president-has begun to establish his them in "strategic hamlet" concentra­ Americans might well have to continue troops to avert disaster. own credentials as a hypocrite and war tion camps. the present airlift into Phnom Penh for In his March 6 statement on Cambo­ criminal. He has tried to justify $222- "Defeat in South Vietnam would be at least six months or more if the dia, Ford flatly asserted, "All Ameri­ million in additional military aid to to deliver a friendly nation to terror government is to survive." can forces have come home. They will the Lon Nol government on the and repression," warned President However, the threat of rebel shelling not go back." grounds that "an independent Cambo­ Johnson in April 1965. · may make even the airlift impossible if Nevertheless, the threat of renewed dia cannot survive" without it. More rigorous measures were called the insurgent offensive continues. The U.S. intervention is still present. Secre­ The way Ford tells it, "The Cambodi­ for. Between 1965 and 1972 the rulers main hope mentioned by news ana­ tary of Defense James Schlesinger told an people are totally dependent on us in Waehington spent $144-billion to lysts for the short-term survival of the reporters March 5 that the government for their only means of resistance to blast, bum, and poison the land and Pnompenh regime is the petering out "would be prepared to use marines to aggression." people of Indochina. While capitalist of the rebel offensive. "Last year, and extricate Americans if the need politicians talked about saving the the year before," wrote Greenway in arises." 'Wanton use of rockets' Indochinese from "terror and repres­ the· March 7 Washington Post, "the The need to protect American citi­ This man, who stood by and ap­ sion," U.S. troops carried out massa­ insurgents finally ran out of supplies zens was the pretext used by Lyndon plauded while Washington exploded cres like the one at My-lai, and the and had to break off the attack." Johnson to send 20,000 soldiers to the some 30 billion pounds of munitions in Saigon dictatorship imprisoned and The dismal showing of the Pnom­ Dominican Republic in order to put Indochina, had the nerve to stand up tortured hundreds of thousands. penh government has not been due to down the revolution there in April on nationwide television March 6 and lack of U.S. aid. Washington has 1965. Moreover, the Pentagon has condemn the Cambodian rebels for CIA-engineered coup funneled some $1.8-billion to its Cam­ ordered the helicopter carrier Okinawa, "wanton use of rockets in Pnompenh." Ford talks about the independence of bodian clients, and about $5-billion with a battalion of Marines aboard, to There is only one aggressor in Cambodia, but the Lon Nol regime has been spent on bombing the coun­ stand by in the Gulf of Siam off Indochina, only one force fighting to owes its very existence to a CIA­ tryside. Lon Nol's armed forces list Cambodia and has alerted a Marine maintain foreign control of the region, engineered coup in March 1970. Ford . 220,000 men, compared with estimates unit on Okinawa for possible "evacua­ only one government responsible for talks about foreign aggression, but it of at most 60,000 rebels. The insur­ tion duty in Cambodia." the continued bloodshed. That is the was the United States that invaded gents have no air force, no navy, no The overall impact of Washington's United States. Cambodia in April and May of 1970. armored personnel carriers, and no sordid maneuvers in Indochina was When French imperialism tried to And although attention has been heavy artillery, except for what they summed up by Anthony Lewis in the regain control over its Indochinese focused on the Cambodia aid request of have captured from the Pnompenh New York Times March 10. He wrote: colonies after World War II, Washing­ $222-million, little has been said of the forces. "For the last dozen years, through ton bankrolled the war in the name of $300-million in military aid requested A report from Pnompenh in the assassinations and endless wars and stopping the spread of communism. for the Thieu dictatorship in Vietnam. March 8 New York Times shed some Watergate, some of us have been And when the French were defeated, That is because whatever Congress light on the reasons for the perfor­ telling the skeptics that there is an U.S. imperialism took over in its own finally decides on Cambodia, it has no mance of the government troops. American system worth preserv­ right. intention of cutting off the pipeline to Sydney Schanberg described how "am­ ing.... First Washington sponsored the Saigon. Congress has already provided bulances sometimes run out of gas "It will be extremely hard to main­ Diem dictatorship. In June 1956 Sena­ $1.15-billion in economic and military coming from the battlefronts. Then, tain that faith if Congress gives way to tor John Kennedy explained, "Viet­ aid to Saigon this fiscal year, and the with the wounded inside slipping the Ford Administration's campaign of nam represents the cornerstone of the Ford administration is planning to ask toward death, the vehicles simply sit pressure for extra arms aid to Cambo­ Free World in Southeast Asia, the for another $1.3-billion for the year stalled by the roadside because no one dia. For there has probably never been keystone to the arch, the finger in the beginning in July 1975. has money to get more fuel. . . . a weaker case for continued American dike.... " In the case of Cambodia, however, "Meanwhile, city boys from moneyed intervention in a foreign civil war. If With the help of the U.S. State there are strong voices calling on families easily buy their way out of the Congress does not have the courage to Department and the CIA, Diem initiat­ Washington to cut its losses. draft. . . . Generals and other high say no this time, when will the system ed a program to fingerprint the "sus- Five years after it came to power, the officials have prospered on this war; work?"

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 15 Defense campaign mounts for Dr. Edelin By Diana Travis speak are: Gloria Steinem; abortion­ William Owens, Linda Malanchuk of Party, would make it first-degree BOSTON-Support is growing for a rights leader Dr. Barbara Roberts; the Coalition of Labor Union Women, murder to perform an abortion after rally to be held here at Faneuil Hall State Representative Elaine Noble; and Northeastern University Women's the fetus was "viable." March 20 in defense of Dr. Kenneth Marcia Codling of the National Stu­ Center. Anti-abortion forces, who claim to Edelin, who was convicted of man­ dent Coalition Against Racism; Vilma Support for Dr. Edelin is also strong speak for the majority of people in this slaughter Feb. 15 for having performed Dibiase of Crittendon House, an abor­ in the Black community. The Boston country, were chagrined to see the a legal abortion. tion clinic; Dr. Carol Nadelson of NAACP has called on NAACP chap­ results of a national poll commissioned Edelin, who is Black, was declared Massachusetts Organization to Repeal ters throughout the country to protest by the National Committee for -a guilty by an all-white jury. Abortion Laws (MORAL); suffragist his conviction. Black newspapers have Human Life Amendment, an anti­ The conviction-which has been Florence Luscomb; a representative come out in his defense. abortion group. appealed-immediately had national from the Women's Auxiliary of the The Feb. 22 issue of the Philadelphia The poll, released March· 8, found repercussions. Hospitals and doctors American Jewish Congress; and a Tribune, for example, ran an editorial that "most Americans, including a throughout the country are attempting representative from Catholics for Free calling Edelin's conviction a "legal large number of Catholics, support a to deny women the right to abortion Choice. lynching." It states, "In the two years woman's right to an abortion under a after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Also supporting the action are the since the Supreme Court's historic variety of circumstances," according to The March 20 rally was initiated by Socialist Workers Party, Young Social­ ruling [legalizing abortion], deaths a report in the Boston Globe. The the Committee to Defend Abortion ist Alliance, Framingham Women's resulting from abortion operations survey of 4,000 people was carefully Rights. Among those scheduled to Health Project, State Representative have declined by 81 per cent, but Dr. worded to maximize chances of anti­ Edelin's conviction may force many abortion answers. women back into the arms of the It found that 65 percent of the quacks and butchers who used to snuff Catholics questioned, and 7i percent of out women's lives in backrooms and all questioned reject the idea that dark alleys." abortion should not be allowed under The Edelin conviction comes in the any circumstances. midst of an escalation of attacks by Robert Lynch, president of the group the anti-abortion forces nationally. that sponsored the poll, said the results "don't give us very much comfort. According to Vilma Dibiase of Crit­ They are bleak." tendon House, who spoke at the March Although the fight to defend the 7 Boston Militant Forum, there are right to abortion in Massachusetts is now 188 anti-abortion bills before centered now on the case of Dr. Edelin, Congress. In addition, two anti­ the struggle will be a prolonged one. abortion constitutional amendments Three other doctors will be going on have been proposed. One would give trial in Boston in June. They have "personhood" and legal rights to a been charged under a "grave robbing" fetus from the moment of conception. statute for having performed scientific The other would give states the right to experiments on dead fetuses. prohibit or limit access to abortion. Through these trials, the anti­ Here in Massachusetts, eight anti­ abortion forces are again trying to abortion bills are currently being have fetuses recognized as persons considered in committees of the state under the law. legislature. Among these are bills to The March 20 rally in defense of Dr. prohibit Medicaid for abortions, a bill Edelin is an example of the kind of requiring the husband's consent, one actions needed across the country, 'limiting abortion to the first 20 weeks drawing together the women's move­ of pregnancy, and one that would ment, Black organizations, and all require the use of techniques that could those who oppose the current offensive save the life of an aborted fetus. by racists and reactionaries to deny Dr. Kenneth Edelin and a supporter. Racist, antiwomen conviction of Edelin occurs Another, proposed on behalf of Leo women the right to control their own in context of national effort by anti-abortion forces. Kahian of the right-wing .American bodies. ERA blocked; supporters rethink tactics CHICAGO-The Illinois legislature, media, Reid said: "The Socialist Work­ ing" sponsoring a mass pro-ERA rally SWP candidate Reid. "We can't rely on on March 5, put off indefinitely a vote ers Party unconditionally supports the at the capitol. Democratic and Republican politicians on the Equal Rights Amendment in ratification of the Equal Rights "The lesson of the ERA's defeat here to give us our rights-even such an the face of a mobilization by anti-ERA Amendment in this crucial vote. It is this spring is clear and simple," said elementary right as equality before the forces. scandalous that the concept of female law, which they give lip service to On the heels of this setback, the inferiority is still reflected in the supporting. Indiana senate voted down the amend­ American Constitution and the rulings "Women and trade unionists are ment March 10 by 27 to 21. of the courts. Ending this situation will going to have to mobilize our own With the ERA effectively killed in be a step forward in the struggle of power to force these legislators to pass lllinois and defeated in Indiana, na­ women to end their oppression in all the ERA. The Socialist Workers Party tional ratification of the measure this areas of society." will join with any who wish to begin year is extremely unlikely. The legislature was swarming with organizing this kind of action cam­ The setback in lllinois came when anti-ERA protesters, who have staged paign for the ERA." the state senate voted to change its several demonstrations there in recent rules and require a three-fifths majori­ weeks. On the other hand, the Illinois ty instead of a simple majority for ERA Coalition, which includes the passage of the measure. Sponsors of National Organization for Women, INDIANAPOLIS-Five hundred the ERA resolution then decided not to League of Women Voters, and others, supporters of the Equal Rights Amend­ bring the bill up for a vote. had decided to maintain a "low pro­ ment participated in an outdoor rally The ERA states, "Equality of rights file" in the belief that the bill was sure at the Statehouse Office Building here under the law shall not be denied or to pass. March 1. Organized by the Indiana . abridged by the United States or by Sonia McCallum of ERA Central in University-based Campus Committee any State on account of sex." Passed Chicago said, "ERA was in the state for the ERA, the rally drew people by Congress in 1972, the amendment and national Democratic platforms, from all around the state. has been ratified by 34 states and must and a lot of us felt after the Democrats Rally participants then marched to be approved by four more in order to were put in power, ERA would be the Convention Center and joined become law. The deadline for ratifica­ passed. I guess we were too optimistic." 1,000 more ERA supporters for an tion is 1979. "On the most important vote after indoor rally sponsored by the Hoosiers Four states will be considering the the election of a Democratic majority," for the ERA Coalition. Among the ERA in the next few months-North said Robert Johnson, regional director speakers were Senator Vance Hartke and South Carolina, Florida, and of the United Auto Workers, "enough and "Miss Indiana," Penny Ann Tich­ Mississippi-but chances for approval Democrats joined Republicans to give enor. were dealt a blow by the outcome in the conservatives an important antila­ Speaking at the outdoor rally were Illinois and Indiana. bor victory." The ERA was approved Melissa Wamer of the Campus Com­ Willie Mae Reid, Socialist Workers by the AFL-CIO in 1973. mittee for the ERA and the Young Party candidate for mayor of Chicago, In the light of the unexpected defeat, Socialist Alliance; Senator Thomas was among the ERA supporters who some of these groups may be rethin)I­ Teague, senate sponsor of the ERA; the went to the state capitol in Springfield ing what it will take to get the ERA mayor of Bloomington, Ind.; a repre­ March 5, when the ERA was expected passed. Ginny Chanda of the Illinois Mary Powers sentative of the Bloomington Commis­ to come to a vote. ERA Coalition told the press the Five hundred rallied at Indianapolis sion on Women; and members of the In a statement distributed to the coalition is now "seriously consider- Statehouse Office Building March 1. National Organization for Women.

16 450 attend N.Y. celebration Feminists reel ublication of Reed book By Caroline Lund society could enable women to take again stand up to their full stature and NEW YORK-Four hundred fifty their Ijghtful place in this profession. say: 'We once led the way in elevating persons gathered here March 9 to The merit of Reed's book, she said, is · humanity out of animality. What we celebrate the publication on Interna­ that it "attacks the whole structure of did once we can do again.' tional Women's Day of Evelyn Reed's society." "But this time the job is on a new monumental book Woman's Evolution. and far higher level-to go from the Sponsored by Pathfinder Press, the 'Work of art' capitalist jungle to liberation through meeting and the reception that fol­ Myrna Lamb, author of The Mod socialism." lowed were not only a publishing Donna and But What Have You Done event, but an event for the women's for Me Lately? paid tribute to Reed's International theme liberation movement. determination in following through on The important theme of internation­ The impact the book is having her project for 20 years. She called the alism was added by the remarks of among feminists was reflected in the book "a work of art." Ana Rivera, one of the editors of the remarks of Dr. Barbara Roberts, for­ In her talk, Reed described the first women's liberation newspaper in merly a coordinator of the Women's problems and prejudices that confront­ Puerto Rico, El Tac6n de la Chancleta. National Abortion Action Coalition. ed her in working on her book. "Here I She described how Puerto Rican wom­ She called Woman's Evolution "the was," she said, "not only a 'mere' en are denied the right to control their single most brilliant, most lucid, most women, but one without a doctorate in own bodies through a government important, most enthralling book I anthropology. Moreover, I hadn't gone sterilization campaign, denial of the have ever read on the history of my on a single field trip to New Guinea or right to abortion and sex education, sex." any other primitive region." and the use of Puerto Rican women as As Peggy Brundy of Pathfinder Yet she was challenging some of the guinea pigs in testing contraceptives. Press noted in opening the program, most deeply rooted theories and meth­ The reception following the prQgram the speakers were all "examples of the ods of the field of anthropology. was well attended by representatives kind of women that the new wave of "Finally," she continued, "as most of the New York and national media. the feminist movement is bringing Militant/Mary Jo Hendrickson women know, there are the self-doubts . This included representatives from th.e forward today." EVELYN REED: Women's liberation that are systematically pounded into campus press, feminist publications, Jn addition to Barbara Roberts and movement helped bring her 20-year the female sex. . . . 'Who am I,' we ask the Village Voice, McCall's, New York Evelyn Reed, they included film critic work to fruition. ourselves, 'to defy official opinion on Magazine, Parade Magazine, and New Joan Mellen, playwright Myrna Lamb, this or that matter?' This keeps mana­ American Library. and Puerto Rican women's liberation cles on our minds and gags on our In addition to the speakers at the leader Ana Rivera. The chairperson pearance of Reed's book was one of two mouths." She said she did not even previous meeting, author Alix Kates was Willie Mae Reid, Socialist Workers events that have prompted her to end a expect. her work to be published in her Shulman was also present to talk with Party candidate for mayor of Chicago two-year "retirement" from political lifetime. the media about the significance of and for vice-president in 1976. activity following the Supreme Court's "But then came the women's libera­ Reed's book. decision legalizing abortion and to tion movement,'' Reed said, ''and that This was the first "publication 20 years of research "take to the podium again." changed the atmosphere." As interest party" ever hosted by Pathfinder Woman's Evolution, the product of The other event ·she cited was the in women's history mushroomed Press, a publishing house that special­ 20 years of research by Reed, draws conviction of Dr. Kenneth Edelin, a throughout the country, she thought izes in books concerning the labor together the findings of scores of Black Boston physician, for perform­ for the first time that her book had a movement, the Black struggle, wom­ anthropologists and sociologists to put ing a legal abortion. Roberts, who has chance of being published. en's liberation, Marxism, and other forth a coherent theory explaining the worked with Edelin at a Boston abor­ social issues. origins and nature of the oppression of tion clinic, called for a nationwide Uncovering hidden history It marked a major step forward for women. campaign in defense of his rights and Reed concluded her speech to long Pathfinder, which has become a key Basing herself on the materialist against the attempts by anti-abortion applause: "Uncovering the hidden provider of literature to all the move- · method of Marxism and the contribu­ forces to tum back the Supreme Court history of women is essential not only ments for social change in this coun­ tions of Frederick Engels, Reed goes ruling. to combat sexual inequality today but try. further to present totally new and Author Joan Mellen cited the rele­ to lift up the self-confidence and Fifty-five copies of Woman's Evolu­ powerful explanations of the reasons vance of Reed's book in her field of assurance of women. Only we, as tion were sold at the Pathfinder for· the matriarchal clan system and film . criticism. From studying the women, can shake up and break up the celebration, while 27 were purchased for the dominance of men in patriar­ treatment of women in the film indus­ myths that have been circulated about by participants in New York's Interna­ chai society. try, she came to the conclusion that our sex for too long a time. tional Women's Day march the previ­ Barbara Roberts said that the ap- only a total change in the fabric of "In the process women will once ous day. Women's Day marches led by trade unionists By Jean Walker the Equal Rights Amendment, an end There was a new aspect to the to attacks on the right to abortion, and International Women's Day marches child-care services. Almost all the that took place around the country this speakers addressed themselves to the year on March 8. For the first time in current economic crisis. decades the demonstrations were led Addressing the crowd were Eleanor by trade-union women. Tilson, president of the New York In New York City 3,000 marched State chapter of the Coalition of Labor down Fifth Avenue on this day comme­ Union Women (CLUW), U.S. Represen­ morating the international struggle of tative Bella Abzug, Gloria Steinem, working women. The march was led by Betty Friedan, Gina Cestero of the women from the National Union of Puerto Rican Socialist Party, Beulah Hospital and Health Care Employees Sanders of the National Welfare District 1199 and from the American Rights Organization and Miriam Gon- . Federation of State, County and Mu­ zalez of the Por Los Nifi.os/Save the nicipal Employees (AFSCME) Local Children school board campaign on 1707. the Lower East Side of New York City, The march and rally were organized and others. Militant/Fran Collet by a coalition of some 50 organiza­ The rally sent a message of support New York March 8 demonstration. Union women played leading· role this year in tions. Speakers ·demanded passage of to Dr. Kenneth Edelin, the Boston Women's Day marches in a number of cities. physician convicted of manslaughter for performing a legal abortion. In Minneapolis more than 500 dem­ Cities Women's Union. The Women's Day march of 150 in onstrators marched through the down­ In Washington, D.C., 200 trade Chicago, called by the Chicago,chapter town streets and past the office build­ unionists picketed the capitol protest­ of CLUW, raised the demands: "Jobs ing of Cargill, Inc., a major food ing unemployment and inflation. A for all, fight layoffs, full equality for monopoly, in protest of high food rally, cosponsored by th~ D.C.-area · women; no wage controls, roll back prices. Central Labor Council and D.C. prices; and useful jobs at union A rally after the march was. ad­ CLUW, drew supporters from wages." dressed by representatives of various AFSCME, the American Federation Shelli Lulkin of the Chicago Teach­ women's organizations. Elaine Onasch of Teachers, the United Farm Workers ers Union received the best response at of CLUW noted that this year March 8 union, the National Union of Hospital the rally when she outlined a com­ has been declared the kick-off date for and Health Care Employees District paign to get the ERA ratified in a national campaign by CLUW 1199, Carpenters union, Communica­ Illinois despite the recent move by the against unemployment and inflation. tions'Workers of America, and the Office legislature to kill it. Other speakers included Cora Weiss and Professional Employees Interna­ "Sisters and brothers," Lulkin shout­ of Women Strike for Peace, Madonna tional Union, as well as the National ed, "they're trying to tell us the ERA is Militant/Flax Hermes Gilbert of the American Indian Move­ Organization for Women and the dead!" New York march ment, and Pam Costain of the Twin National Welfare Rights Organization. The demonstrators responded: "No!"

THE MILITANT/MARCH 24, 1975. 17 Meeting at Boston U. demands freedom for prisoners in Iran PROF By Farhad Farzad ment of Mohammad Mossadegh. The the victim of sadistic torture, Zahraie meeting BOSTON-Repression in Iran was .current Iranian government is expect­ said. the subject discussed by a panel of ed "to act directly as a gendarme under Dr. Ali Shariatti, a prominent theolo­ distinguished literary figures at Bos­ the American aegis within the frame­ gian and writer, has been imprisoned ton University on Feb. 27. More than work of the Kissinger doctrine," without charges for 15 months. in Mpls. 400 people-some coming from as far Chomsky said. Dr. Golamhossain Sa'edi has been as Maine and Philadelphia-turned Frances FitzGerald recounted her acclaimed as Iran's best modern out for the panel, which was the experiences in Iran while on assign­ playwright. He was arrested last June, draws highlight of a four-day symposium on ment for Harper's Magazine. "No Zahraie said, and the publication of political prisoners organized by the place, no country in the world was one of his new works has been forbid­ Committee for Artistic and Intellectual closer to Orwell's version of 1984, den by the censors. 450 Freedom in Iran (CAIFI). where the mass of people live in During the discussion period, a By Mary Hillery The proceedings were marred by an ignorance and great poverty and group of Iranian Student Association MINNEAPOLIS-"Civil Liberties (ISA) members who had· come from Under Attack in America" was the New York attempted to ·disrupt the title of a symposium sponsored by the meeting. The group was allotted 10 Political Rights Def"ense Fund (PRDF) minutes to express their point of view. here on Feb. 28. The 450 people who The audience expected them to then turned out for the event, held at the refrain from heckling and disrupting. University of Minnesota, listened to Two representatives chosen by the several prominent civil liberties advo­ group accused Baraheni and CAIFI of cates. being mouthpieces of the shah's re­ The two featured speakers were gime. They failed to offer any evidence Philip Berrigan and Linda Jenness. to substantiate their charges. Berrigan was a member of the Harris­ burg 7, a group of antiwar activists When Baraheni tried to respond, who defeated a government attempt to members of the Maoist Red Star frame them on conspiracy charges, faction of the New York ISA led the and is a member of the advisory board group, in shouting and heckling, pre­ of the PRDF. Jenness, the 1972 presi­ venting Baraheni from answering. dential candidate of the Socialist Work­ Noam Chomsky addressed himself ers Party, spoke on behalf of the SWP, to some of the charges made by the which is the plaintiff in the lawsuit disrupters. against government harassment that Militant/Evelyn Clark "There seems to be disagreement as the PRDF is sponsoring. Noam Chomsky speaking at meeting organized by Committee for Artistic & to whether all political prisoners The suit demands an end to illegal Intellectual Freedom in Iran (CAIFI). should be defended, or whether only government harassment and surveil­ those who first pass some kind of test lance of the SWP and the Young should be defended," Chomsky stated. Socialist Alliance. The PRDF is publi­ unsuccessful attempt to disrupt the where they really have no chance of "On that issue I would just take my cizing the suit and raising funds to meeting during the discussion period joining the small elite above," she ob­ stand with all authentic revolutionar­ cover the legal expenses. following the panelists' presentations. served. ie.s in the past and the present and Philip Berrigan called the fight for Panelists included Dr. Reza Bara­ "It's not a question of just one sort of say that all political prisoners should civil liberties in this country "Ameri­ ca's wars brought home." heni, a prominent poet and literary opinion getting suppressed. It's a be defended." critic who was released last year from question of almost all of them getting A Palestinian student added his Berrigan received a standing ova­ the shah's jails; Noam Chomsky, suppressed," FitzGerald told the audi­ · opposition to the disruption,· and an tion, a tribute to th~ ex-priest's coura­ professor of linguistics at MIT and a ence. The victims of SAV AK, the Iranian professor from New York geous antiwar activity. well-known critic of U.S. foreign poli­ shah's secret police, are rarely heard repudiated the charges against CAIFI Jenness struck a responsive note in cy; and Frances FitzGerald, award­ from again, she said. and Baraheni that.had been leveled by the audience when she charged that government crimes did not begin and winning author of Fire in the Lake. FitzGerald believes that the Iranian the disrupters. He called on the ISA in Baraheni spent 112 days in prison regime's dependence on the United New York and elsewhere to organize end with Nixon. "Watergating," she said, "goes all the way back to Frank­ for his writings in defense of the right States increases the potential impact similar meetings in defense of political of his Turkish-speaking Azerbaijani prisoners, instead of disrupting them. lin Roosevelt, one of the original Wa­ of international demands to free politi­ tergaters." people to speak their own language. cal prisoners. If the disrupters had hoped to win Baraheni condemned the shah's the sympathy of the audience, they In 1941 Roosevelt's attorney general engineered the imprisonment of 18 repression of both women and the Babak Zahraie, a field secretary of failed. They especially alienated the members of the Socialist Workers numerous national minorities in Iran. CAIFI, told about the prisoners who Iranian students from Boston, who Party, including the leaders of Minnea­ The Iranian "system of oppression . . . are currently the focus of the commit­ have a consistent record of activity in polis Teamsters Local 544, for their emanates both from its own crude tee's work. Reza Baraheni had been defense of victims of the shah's repres­ opposition to U.S. imperialism in feudal sources, and from the elegant the focus of a CAIFI campaign while sion. World War II. The 18 were convicted apparatus of· modern civilization," he was in prison. The Boston ISA was among the under the notorious Smith Act, a piece Baraheni said. · Vida Hadjebi Tabrizi is a sociologist cosponsors of the symposium. Other of thought-control legislation that has Chomsky traced direct U.S. influence and translator who was arrested while cosponsors included Amnesty Interna­ been ruled largely unconstitutional by in Iran back to the 1953 CIA-spon­ researching the living conditions of tional (Group 85) and the Coalition of subsequent court decisions. sored coup that overthrew the govern- Iranian peasants in 1972. She has been Palestinians in New England. Mulford Sibley, professor of political science at the University of Minnesota, expressed the sentiments of many university faculty when he called the Maoists assault Iranian activists FBI a "menace to civil liberties." ~Y Hassan Samii to call an emergency meeting to Sibley was alluding to the case of PHILADELPHIA-Three days condemn physical violence within Morris Starsky, the socialist professor after the Boston University meeting the student movement, members of who was fired from his job at Arizona to defend political prisoners in Iran, the group took the initiative them­ State University in 1970 after the FBI four Iranian student activists at the selves to organize such a meeting on carried out a secret slander campaign University of Pennsylvania were March 9. against him as part of their "counter­ attacked and beaten here by nine The meeting was attended by 23 intelligence program." This is the type assailants. One of the four was Iranian students-the ISS constitu­ of activity the PRDF suit aims to halt. hospitalized.• All four have been tion requires that 10 members be State Representative Phyllis Kahn active supporters of the Committee present to constitute a legitimate told the audience, "Our privacy, and for Artistic and Intellectual Free­ meeting. Observers from other our right to it, are the most threatened dom in Iran and had been present at groups on campus also attended to aspects of our lives today." the Boston meeting. express their opposition to the at­ Kahn traced the voluminous collec­ A statement issued by Iranian tack. tions of secret files on individual students here indentified the attack­ citizens over which they have no ers as adherents of Red Star, the The meeting voted to condemn the control and often no knowledge. Maoist faction that had led the physical violence and to remove the · Philip Berrigan and the PRDF had attempt to disrupt the meeting in ISS leadership for their failure to sent out an invitation for a wine-and­ Boston. Most of the assailants are respond seriously to the attack. The cheese reception, which was attended from New York and had participat­ students vowed not to be intimidat­ by 60 people prior to the symposium. ed in the disruption in Boston. ed by such harassment. They de­ Nearly $600 was raised for the suit The attack occU.rred at a meeting cided to continue their efforts to through the reception and rally. The of the Iranian Students Society defend political prisoners and to PRDF is seeking to raise $50,000 in the (ISS). When the elected leadership of build a strong and democratic CAIFI poster. Group has spearheaded next six months. the ISS later turned down a request student organization. fight to free all shah's prisoners.

18 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON .SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

MARCH 21 I 1975

EthioQian iunta continues colonial war The struggle for self-determination in Eritrea [The following article appeared in ences concerned the organization of the February 21 issue of the French the armed forces. In this period, Trotskyist weekly, Rouge. The transla­ Ethiopian military intervention be­ tion is by Intercontinental Press.] came a more important factor. It was directed by the Amerj.cans, who "trained" the Ethiopian army, particu­ For the last three weeks fighting has larly the air force, and even participat­ raged throughout Eritrea. By taking ed in a certain number of actions. the initiative in Asmara, the capital of The military apparatus of the ELF, the country, the ELF [Eritrean Libera­ organized in nearly autonomous wil­ tion Front] has pulled the rug out from layas [military administrative re­ under the blustering of the Ethiopian gions], was ill suited to meet this military regime, which was preparing offensive, but the unification of the to mount a general offensive against ELF armed forces fell apart in 1969. the liberation movements-one of Two organizations were formed: the those last-ditch efforts generally asso­ ELF-People's Liberation Forces, whose ciated with colonial wars. Whatever leader best known abroad is Osman the outcome of the present fighting, its Saleh Sabbe; and the ELF-Revolution­ political consequences are irreversible. ary Command, which is led from The position of the ELF, of the two Eritrean liberation fighters abroad by Idriss Mohammed Aden. movements that emerged from the split For a whole period, confrontations in 1970, has been strengthened both between these two organizations took internally and internationally. tained military bases· in Asmara and alist movement. While at the outset its an extremely violent tum. As for the regime iq Ethiopia, the Kagnew, on the Eritrean coast. forces were very weak, the brutality of Centralization within these two ambiguity of its socialist claims has In theory a federation was formed, the exploitation and repression pro­ movements appeared to be very limit­ been shown by its acceptance of the with Eritrea retaining its own laws, pelled its growth. A nationalist move­ ed. The two leaderships located abroad expansionist and colonialist heritage flag, and language. These UN propos­ ment, its program in this period could were made up mostly of elements from of Haile S_elassie's policies. It is dig­ als were soon violated by Ethiopia: almost be summed up in the formula the most right-wing sectors. Important ging its own grave, to the satisfaction Eritrean parties and trade unions were "One goal, independence. One method, political cleavages existed inside each of American imperialism which, in a banned. In 1962, Eritrea was annexed aimed struggle." Important sectors of organization. Leftist currents exist, region that remains of strategic im­ to the Ethiopian empire and thus the peasantry and some elements from though scarcely organized, in the ELF­ portance for it, is undoubtedly prepar­ became a colony subject to exploitation the cities and the poor strata rallied PLF, and undoubtedly in a· more ing its own scenario. and domination by one of the most around the front; a section of the structured form in the ELF­ An Italian colony until 1941, Eritrea backward dictatorships on the globe. Eritrean bourgeoisie supported the Revolutionary Command. was occupied by the British until1950, The nationalist movement in Eritrea Ethiopian government. Abroad, the Bourgeois-nationalist currents are In 1952, under the pressure of the USA, was formed- during the period of ELF has the support of some Arab dominant inside these two movements, the United Nations denied indepen­ Italian colonization. Until 1952, sever­ countries. and programmatic questions have dence to Eritrea and accepted the al bourgeois-nationalist parties made In 1967, the ELF asserted that it been left to the side. It is certain that expansionist claims of Ethiopia. In use of the existing constitutional controlled two-thirds of Eritrea's terri­ independence would result in a redefi­ this way Haile Selassie was repaid for framework to call for independence. tory. A substantial crisis then occurred nition of the political currents that Ethiopia's participation in the Korean The ELF was formed in 1961, inde­ within the leadership. Apart from would not be the same as the present war, and the Americans in tum ob- pendent of the legalist-oriented nation- personal clashes, the essential differ- Continued on page 22

A convoy that never ex.isted & a famine that disappeared The current fighting between Eri­ Ethiopian revolution' with exaggerat­ 'heavy fighting' in the province and such missiles, or at least hav~ yet to trean guerrillas and the Ethiopian ed and fabricated war stories. making its way around a blown up use them." army has been given sensationalistic "The sad fact is," he continues,"that bridge to reach the 'beleaguered' capi­ Ottaway's report was confirmed by handling in the bourgeios press. None­ not a single correspondent here has tal of Asmara. Thomas A. Johnson in the March 2 theless the reports have been contra­ witnessed a battle, seen a: dead guerril­ "We now know that no such convoy issue of the New York Times. Recount­ dictory, and what is really going on la or soldier, taken a picture of any of tanks and armored vehicles ever ing the difficulti~s facing correspond­ remains obscure. fighting or been able to assess the existed and that there was at that time ents, he added: situation in the province first hand no bridge destroyed on the road in­ "It is obvious that some sources. In a dispatch from Addis Ababa in outside the provincial capital of Asma­ volved to hold up the imaginary available to foreign journalists are the February 26 issue of the Washing­ ra itself." convoy. Indeed, it is the judgment of intent upon providing information that ton Post, David B. Ottaway reveals Some of the correspondents have not Western military experts here that it is supports or condemns one side or the that much of the current reporting been beyond "resorting to their imagi­ practically impossible to get a tank by other. All information has to be evalu­ from the Ethiopian capital is based on nations as to what may be taking road from Addis Ababa to Asmara ated with this in mind." rumors and even fabrications. place in the Eritrean war in the because of the incredibly tortuous Ottaway places the chief responsibil­ absence of hard facts and under the mountain terrain and passes between One of the most striking gaps is ity for this unsatisfactory situation on pressure of deadlines and fierce compe­ the two cities." news about the famine. Several the Ethiopian military government, tition." Among other examples, Ottaway months ago Ethiopia was ravaged by which has refused to meet with corre­ cites the story of an Ethiopian air force hunger and this was reported in detail spondents, "barred all from the war Ottaway offers as an example of plane being shot down by Soviet with photographs and substantiating zone, provided no reports on the fanciful reporting the story published surface-to-air missiles. "However, both material from responsible organiza­ military fighting and acted as if in the Washington Post of February 6 Western. military experts and Ethiop­ tions engaged in relief work. What everything in this mountain kingdom "of a large Ethiopian army convoy, ians, including one whose plane had happened to the famine, which was were normal and the 'imperialist' including 52 tanks and 20 armored reportedly been shot down, say the one of the main causes of the present Western press out to 'sabotage the vehicles, toiling for days through the Eritrean guerrillas do not yet have social unrest and civil strife?

19 World-Outlook

TheY- were born in the wrong_P-Iace Worldwide offensive against immigrant workers-- By Dave Frankel called ·the presence of undocumented Haitian refugees political asylum. workers in the country a "severe About 1 500 Haitians face deportation You are going to complain? You? national crisis." from C;nada, which has rejected their And just who are you? ... You have Saxbe vowed that with an increase claim to being political refugees. no passport. In any civilized country of $50· million for the budget of the "If we gave the kind of special he who has no passport is nobody. He Immigration and Naturalization Ser­ treatment that they want to everyone does not exist for us or for anybody vice (INS), the border patrol could who came here because he was dis­ else. We can do whatever we want to. deport in 1975 "one million persons pleased with the economic or political And that is exactly what we're going now holding jobs-and then find those situation of his own country, we would to do right now. who are buried more deeply into our have them coming by the millions," From The Death Ship, by B. Traven. society." said one government representative.

Once again the capitalist world has Gunning for Jews, Mexicans 'Subversive Elements' been hit by an economic crisis. Unem­ Saxbe, who achieved some notoriety ployment levels are already higher But in an interview published in the in April 1974 for his remarks about October 28 issue of the Gazette, a than at any time since the Great "Jewish intellectuals" who were "en­ Depression, and they continue to Montreal daily, Pierre Gousse, a Hai­ amored with the Communist party," tian officiai, labeled the immigrants climb. And once again the imperialist insisted that "no prejudice of any rulers are turning to racism and "essentially subversive" elements who kind" was involved in his anti­ had "cut the bridge for a return to xenophobia as a means of directing the immigrant proposals. At the same anger of the masses away from its Haiti.'' He promised that "they will not time, he took note of a Los Angeles find in Haiti favorable ground for their rightful target. In one country after police study claiming that 36 percent another an ominous campaign against activities." of those arrested on felony charges in · Another step in tightening Canadian immigrant workers has been gathering one particular area were "illegal Racist demonstration against force. immigration policies was announced · aliens." immigrants in Britain. October 22. The government reported In the United States the brunt of the More than 90 percent of the immi­ racist campaign has been aimed new regulations that are expected to grant workers in the United States reduce immigration from an expected against the estimated six to seven come from Mexico. Others come from December," reported Eleanor Blau in million (some estimates run as high as 250,000 in 1975 to 200,000. "The the Caribbean, Taiwan, Hong Kong, the February 11 New York Times. principal impact is expected to be on twelve million) immigrants without · the Philippines, and southern Europe. One INS official in Florida, she papers-the so-called illegal aliens. the flow of nonwhite immigrants,'' Those coming from Mexico, driven by wrote, "estimates that 50,000 illegal Robert Trumbull said in the October Here is the beginning of one series of unemployment and hunger in their aliens, mostly from the Caribbean area articles ·that appeared in February in 23, 1974, New York Times. native country, face barbed-wire or Latin America, now live in Dade Minister of Manpower and Immigra­ the New York Daily News, the biggest fences, electronic sensing devices deve­ County.... mass-circulation newspaper in the tion Robert Andras complained: "Im­ loped originally for use in Vietnam, " 'Two-thirds of these are working migrants are applying and arriving in United States: and racist brutality from INS officials illegally, taking jobs from our Ameri­ "While 270,000 New York City resi­ increasing numbers at a time when and border police. can citizens,' he said.... " employment levels may well be uncer­ dents stagger under the effect of Mexican immigrants have been today's severe unemployment problem, tain, when housing is scarce and found suffocated in coffin-like hiding Trade-union Bureaucrats expensive, and many social services more than 100,000 illegal aliens work places, and whole families have been each day in well-paying, nonmenial are strained to a critical point.'' found frozen to death in the forbidding The same argument is made by Brian Steward, a commentator on jobs-jobs that not only keep legiti­ mountains and deserts that some try to mate workers off the employment rolls, trade-union bureaucrats, who have the government-owned Canadian cross. been among those yelling the loudest Broadcasting Corporation, was more but also rob the federal, state and city Once in the land of opportunity they governments of more than $200 million and the longest about the "illegal alien blunt about the racist motivation for face vicious exploitation. At best they threat." A pamphlet published in 1974 the move. "Canada is becoming a in taxes each year." are paid substandard wages and sub­ The third article in the same series on the legislative aims of the official­ multiracial country at a staggering jected to illegal working conditions, dom drove home the point once again. of the main trade-union federation rate.... Only 10 years ago Europeans while living in constant fear of la in the United States said: made up more than 70 per cent of all "Within six months," it said, "100,000 migra-the immigration police. At jobs can be opened up for unemployed "The AFL-CIO has long advocateQ. immigrants. Today there are less than worst, they are cheated of their wages congressional action to 'enact laws 45 per cent and still dropping." city residents,· immigration officials altogether by employers who call in say, if only the federal government and provide for their effective enforce­ the border patrol when payment is due. ment' to stop · 'the employment of would declare an all-out war on illegal No Different in Europe Instances of virtual slavery are not illegal aliens and bring under control aliens who work here." uncommon. Estimates place the number of immi­ The more staid journals of the the existing widespread use of Mexican The atmosphere in which immigrant commuters.'" grant workers in Europe at eleven to capitalist class, such as the New York workers without papers must live in thirteen million, mainly from North Times and Washington Post, have also The latest legislative proposals the land of the free is indicated by the against immigrant workers in the Africa, Yugoslavia, Italy, Turkey, been beating the same drum. And fact that San Diego, California, with a Spain, Portugal, and Greece. Ultra­ speaking in the Texas border city of United States-and against the rights Chicano population of 250,000, had of the entire working class as well­ right organizations in Britain, France, Brownsville on October 30, 1974, then­ 157,000 deportations in 1973. One and Switzerland are campaigning U.S. Attorney General William Saxbe include what would amount to the instance was reported in which San imposition of a national identification against immigration. The signs of the Diego cops barged into a church in the and labor permit system. If the Justice rising racist propaganda were noted by Chicano community, stopped the ser­ Department got its way, all workers Washington Post reporter Jolin Gosh­ vice, and checked everybody's papers. would have to show proof of their legal ko in a July 30, 1974, article: Those who couldn't produce proof of immigration status before they could "They are evident in the slogans citizenship were hauled away. be legally hired for a job. The proposal scrawled on the walls of ghetto dwell­ also suggests that welfare funds be ings in Marseille: DON'T TURN MAR­ SEILLE INTO ANOTHER HARLEM. A Political Weapon made dependent on such proof. The outcry against immigrant work­ They appear in Brussels as SUPPORT ers in the United States has reached YOUR POUCE posters showing a Washington's racist campaign has such a pitch that when two Greek virginal white girl menaced by a dark been turned to account as a weapon workers were arrested in January not and sinister foreigner. They crackle against political refugees as well as one article in the capitalist press noted into violence in Rotterdam when against immigrant workers in general. the irony of their case. They were young Dutch street toughs set fire to One thousand Haitian refugees have picked up while painting the Statue of the houses of Turkish workers.'' arrived illegally in the United States Liberty, once the symbol of a country • In Switzerland immigrants com­ during the last two years, many built by immigrants, on whose base is prise one-sixth of the total population, risking their lives in small open boats. the inscription: "Give me your tired, and foreign w

20 "In the years of boom, Turks and the Irish population in Britain has other foreigners," Henry Kamm wrote been subjected to an intense witch­ in. the January 23 New York Times, hunt. Although the Irish Republican "were ready to accept hardships­ Army (IRA) disclaimed responsibility separation from family and home, for the bombings, the British press and living in an unfamiliar environment politicians didn't bother with such symptom of a sick society among people who are mainly indiffer­ details. ing twelve months to 20,500-less than Following the killing of a Marseille ent and sometimes hostile, sleeping in Sweeping repressive legislation half the number admitted in 1973. bus driver by a demented Algerian joyless dormitories or crumbling rushed through Parliament allows for Meanwhile, a new referendum calling immigrant in August 1973 the mass­ tenements-for the sake of wages the expulsion of any Irish person­ for expulsions over a ten-year period circulation daily Le Meridional wrote, unattainable in less-developed coun­ including those holding British has already been introduced. "We have had enough of Algerian tries.... citizenship-from the island of Great thieves, Algerian thugs, Algerian brag­ "Every Turkish worker questioned, Britain if they are suspected of the 'Pimps, Lunatics, Killers' garts, Algerian troublemakers, Algeri­ _ including those who, after long resi­ "preparation or instigation of acts of an syphilitics, Algerian pimps, Algeri· dence, have acquired fluency in Ger· terrorism." •The immigrant workers in France an lunatics, and Algerian killers." man and familiarity with the ways of As one newspaper explained, "In account for more than 15 percent of the During the next three weeks eleven the country, reported open refusals to every Catholic Irishman there lurks a labor force, and with their families Algerian workers in France were rent to them. They also feel that they sneaking sympathy" for the IRA. Irish they make up about 8 percent of the murdered and scores of Arab worker~r are being charged higher rents than workers were subjected to beatings, population. Confined to the worst were assaulted. These attacks were Germans." several Irish stores were bombed, and slums and shantytowns-some with· answered by massive strikes by immi­ On January 13 Bonn announced new Irish immigrants faced increased ha­ out even running water-those from grant workers throughout France. measures to reduce the number of rassment in general. North Africa have also been subjected Despite such resistance, attacks foreign workers in Germany and to to continuing racist attacks. When British authorities tried to have continued. In July 1974, after an give preference to German job seekers. deport an Italian immigrant worker in incident in which 50 French marines The German government had already December, their tactic was to claim attacked North Africans in the streets banned immigration of workers from that he was connected with the IRA. of Toulon, the mayor of that city said non-EEC countries in the fall of 1973. Irish workers in Britain-some resi· the resulting riot showed the "need for In addition, many factories are dents for twenty years-have been better organization and control over offering lump sum severance payments deported simply on the basis, of their the arrival of immigrants." to workers who offer to resign. Most outspoken support for the unification Since July 1974 the French govern­ who accept this offer are immigrant of Ireland. ment has barred the entry of immi­ workers. As Kamm explains, "The Although it was written in 1870, grant workers from all countries not in feeling of being less than welcome was Karl Marx's observation on British the European Economic Community. a factor for many who decided to take domination of the Irish is applicable Moreover, many French companies severance pay." today to the relations between immi· have not renewed the contracts of grant workers and the proletariat of foreign workers and have specifically Anti-Irish Witch-hunt the imperialist countries in general. asked for French citizens when hiring. Marx explained that "the English •The government of Norway also In Britain, while racist demagogues such as Tory Member of Parliament bourgeoisie has not only exploited the joined in. It· announced January 10 Irish misery to keep down the working that as of February 1 it will ban the Enoch Powell built careers on opposi­ tion to immigration, the government class in England by forced immigra­ entry of immigrant workers for one tion of poor Irishmen, it has also year. Workers from other Scandina­ passed increasingly restrictive laws aimed at holding down the entry of divided the proletariat into two hostile vian countries and those with special camps.... in all the big industrial skills are exempted. nonwhites from its former colonial possessions. About 1.3 million British centers in England there is a profound antagonism between the Irish and residents from India, the Caribbean, English proletarians. The average 'Gastarbeiter' in Germany Pakistan, and Africa face racist discri­ English worker hates the Irish w~rker • In Germany as well the economic mination in housing, employment, and as a competitor who lowers wages and downturn has led to government at­ other aspects of daily life. the standard of life. He feels national tacks on foreign workers. The 2.5 But the biggest component of the and religious antipathies for him. . . . million gastarbeiter (guest workers) in immigrant community in Britain-one This antagonism between the proletar­ that country include 600,000 Turks, million persons-are Irish. Following ians in England is artificially nour- and the Turkish community as a whole two bombings last November that Slum housing for Turks in Berlin exceeds a million. killed twenty persons in Birmingham, Conflnued on next page

Haitians in New York speak out against racist dragnet [The following article appeared in government demanding that the "ille­ the American people indefinitely. But whose power rests on the billions of the February 13-March 7 issue of Le gal" workers be dismissed or else he sooner or later the working masses will dollars profit squ~ezed from the labor Patriote Haitien, newspaper of the would face a fine of $1,000 for each come to recognize those really respon­ of working people, whether they be Mouvement Ha'itien d'Action Patrio­ "illegal" working there. sible for the crisis: the ruling class, "legal" or "illegal" Americans. tique (Haitian Movement for Patriotic This operation constitutes one of the Action). The translation from the first mass dismissals of this kind. French is by Intercontinental Press.] Normally the immigration authorities intervene directly to arrest "illegals." With the campaign against "illegal If this new method is made a general aliens" being whipped up by the press, practice--as is threatened-it will have radio, and television, and with the U.S. serious consequences for the Haitian Department of Justice and Congress community in the United States. getting ready to adopt "drastic mea­ The New York Daily News has sures," some new kinds of actions are launched a hysterical campaign already underway against foreigners against the "illegals," whom it holds not blessed with residence cards. responsible for the unemployment Thus on Friday, February 7, at the crisis in New York City. In an opening Pitlow lamp factory located at 39th salvo, the Monday, February 3 Daily Street in Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn, the News ran the banner headline: union representative summoned all the "100,000 Illegal Aliens: Job & Tax foreign workers and demanded that Robbers." It claims that 100,000 "ille­ they show their green cards. Those gal aliens" work each day and are well who didn't have one were immediately paid while 270,000 New York City fired. residents cannot find work. Several Mexican workers, two or A series of three consecutive articles three Haitians, and other Latin Ameri­ in the same vein incites the anger of cans were among the victims. American workers against the so­ The union representative declared called illegal aliens who earn their that he had received his orders from living in the harsh conditions of New the boss. He added, moreover, that the York. In this way, the ultrareactiona­ boss had received a letter from the ries of the Daily News hope to deceive Militant/Martha Harris •

21 World Outlook

.. .immigrant workers, new target of reaction Continued from preceding page are victims of the division of the world a new development: Lenin notes in his firmly by each other in all their ished and kept alive by the bourgeoi­ into rival states. The underlying prob­ work on imperialism that one of the struggles for emancipation, will be sie. It knows that this split is the true lem was explained by Leon Trotsky in special features of imperialism is "the chastised by the common discomfiture secret of maintaining its power." 1933 in an article on "Nationalism and decline in emigration from imperialist of their incoherent efforts." In Asia, no less than in Europe and Economic Life." countries and the increase in immigra­ The General Rules of the First North America, the doors have also "As a consequence of the [first tion into these countries from the more International, also written by Marx, been closed to immigrant workers. In world] war," Trotsky wrote, "all the backward countries where lower wages again stressed that efforts aimed at the the British Crown Colony of Hong contradictions of the past were aggra­ are paid." emancipation of the working class Kong, immigrants from China were vated. One could half-shut one's eyes The example of the Irish immigra­ "have hitherto failed from the want of welcome as long as a labor shortage to this during the first years after the tion to nineteenth-century Britain has solidarity between the manifold divi­ existed. But on November 30, 1974, the war, when Europe, aided by America, already been mentioned. In the United sions of labor in each country, and colonial administration reversed its was busy repairing her devastated States in the nineteenth century, the from the absence of a fraternal bond of policy of allowing illegal immigrants economy from top to bottom. But to pattern of immigration shifted from union between the working classes of from China to remain, and by the restore productive forces inevitably the west and north of Europe to the different countries.... " following month thirty persons had implied the reinvigorating of all those south and east. been arrested and handed over to evils that had led to the war. The Germany had 800,000 foreign work- Chinese authorities. Foreigners Were Welcome In Australia, in January 1973, the newly elected Labor government made The revolutionary tradition of inter­ a demonstrative show of ending the nationalism was continued by the last vestiges of the "white Australia Paris Commune of 1871, the first policy" that had openly discriminated workers government in history. After against Asians. Even then, the end of the elections to the commune, it was discrimination was a largely paper decided that "considering the flag of affair. the commune to be that of the univer­ The new regulations gave preference sal republic," the election of foreigners to those with relatives already in was valid. Australia, and to those with desired The constitution · of the Russian skills. "The demand for unskilled Federated Soviet Socialist Republic, workers is zero," Immigration Minister adopted in 1918, conferred the rights of Albert Grassby declared. "We have citizenship "without any irksome for­ unemployment in this category now." malities" on "foreigners working with­ Two years later, David Lamb wrote in the territory of the Russian republic, in a Los Angeles Times dispatch from provided that they belong to the Sydney: "Australia, which once beck­ working class or to the peasantry oned settlers to its shores with prom­ working without hired labor." In ises of sunny days and unlimited addition, citizenship was offered to all opportunities, has begun restricting its prisoners of war who were prepared to migrant intake because of economic declare their loyalty to the new Soviet storm clouds and a shortage of government. (Huge numbers of Austri­ jobs.... an, German, Hungarian, and other "In quick order, the government has Arab workers in France demonstrate against racist attacks prisoners were on Russian soil as a suspended its overseas advertising result of World War I.) campaigns to attract settlers, required This is the tradition carried on by for the first time that citizens of other present crisis, in which are synthesized ers in 1907-more than one-third of the the Fourth International. As Trotsky Commonwealth countries obtain visas all the capitalist crises of the past, Ruhr miners were Poles. Switzerland wrote in 1938 in the Transitional before entering the country and signifies above all, the crisis of nation­ had half a million foreigners in 1910- Program, "Before exhausting or stepped up efforts to deport an estimat­ al economic life. 15 percent of its total population, drowning mankind in blood, capital­ ed 50,000 persons in Australia without compared to no more than 18 percent ism befouls the world atmosphere with valid work permits. . . . · ". . . the interminable series of polit­ ical, economic, financial, tariff and today. the poisonous vapors of national and "One of the first to feel the effects of monetary conferences only unfolded race hatred. . . . the new immigration program will be "An uncompromising disclosure of Asians who have neither skills nor the panorama of the bankruptcy of the Revolutionary Tradition ruling classes in face of the unpostpon­ the roots of race prejudice and all families here. More than 40,000 per­ forms and shades of national arro­ able and burning task of our epoch. But along with the reactionary sons in the Philippines alone have gance and chauvinism, particularly "Theoretically this task may be imperialist tradition of exploitation applied for Australian residency." anti-semitism, should become part of formulated as follows: how may the and intolerance, there is an equally old the daily work of all sections of the economic unity of Europe be guaran­ tradition of revolutionary solidarity Fourth International, as the most Trotsky's Opinion teed, while preserving complete free­ among the workers of the wor.ld. A important part of the struggle against The social crisis that threatens world dom of cultural development to the decree of the French National Assem­ imperialism and war. Our basic slogan capitalism is only in its earliest stages, people living there? How may unified bly passed in 1792 said that the remains: Workers of the World Unite!" but all the deadly signs of a revival of Europe be included within a coordinat­ revolutionary French nation would xenophobic hysteria of the same type ed world economy? The solution to this "adopt in advance all foreigners who, that became epidemic in the 1930s are question can be reached not by deify­ by abjuring the cause of its enemies, already apparent. Although the bour­ ing the nation but, on the contrary, by shall range themselves under its ban­ SUBSCRIBE TO geoisie is quite willing to encourage the completely liberating productive forces ners and consecrate their efforts to the spread of racist sentiment for its own from the fetters imposed upon them by defence of liberty." ends, the growing persecution of immi­ the national state. But the ruling In giving the Inaugural Address of Intercontinental grant workers involves more than classes of Europe, demoralized by the the International Working Men's government policies. bankruptcy of military and diplomatic Association-the First International­ Press Shunted from country to country methods, approach the task today from in 1864, Marx noted, "Past experience World Outlook can publish only a small because of economic forces over which the opposite end, that is, they attempt has shown how disregard of that bond portion of the international news and they have no control, declared expend­ by force to subordinate the economy to of brotherhood which ought to exist Marxist analysis contained each week able by enterprises whose sole motive the outdated national state." between the workmen of different in the newsmagazine Intercontinental force is profit, the immigrant workers The use of immigrant labor is hardly countries, and incite them to stand Press. To be thoroughly informed of international revolutionary develop­ ments, subscribe to Intercontinental Press.

) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. states as Saudi Arabia and Libya, by fighters and the Sudanese Communist ) Enclosed is 50 cents for a single the Soviet Union via Iraq, and the party, which despite the repression copy of the latest issue. links that exist here and there across continues to operate clandestinely. The the Red Sea between the Eritrean Sudan is pushing for a rapid normali­ Name______... Eritrea nationalist movement and South Ye­ zation of the situation. men provide the framework for a As for American imperialism, on the Address ______Continued from page 19 certain number of ambitions and scene through its bases in Eritrea, it is differences between the two move­ struggles for influence. undoubtedly no stranger to the initia­ City------ments. The Sudan's offer of mediation is tives by Nimeiry and the sudden The independence of Eritrea and the particularly significant. Nimeiry's an­ solicitude on the part of Saudi Arabia State ______outcome of the class struggle in this ticommunist regime is worried by the toward Eritrea. Its aim is to counter­ country are questions that go beyond presence of ELF liberation fighters on balance possible Soviet influence in Send to: Intercontinental Press, Box 116 the national boundaries of Eritrea. The its borders. It is also worried by the the Red Sea, and above all, to main­ Village Station, New York, N.Y., 10014. support given to the ELF by such links that may exist between these tain its own influence in Ethiopia. 22 Demand more funds for schools S.F. students, teachers protest cutbacks SAN FRANCISCO-"Here is 40 Mike Lee, a sophomore at Washing­ cents for the $16-million. We sharpened ton High School, pointed to the mil­ pencils and sold them," a second-grade lions spent on the military and noted student recently told his teacher here. that the high school ROTC programs Rock impresario Bill Graham ·is put­ are not being cut. ting together a big concert to raise "They'll teach someone to kill before money for the schools-tickets going to they will teach someone to dance," Lee students at $5 apiece. Several large observed. corporations have tried to polish up Jeff Mackler, president of the Alame­ their public image by making dona­ da County Council of the American tions to save the school athletic pro­ Federation of Teachers (AFT) linked grams. the San Francisco situation to the This is the solution that is being put crises facing schools statewide. forward to alleviate the crisis brought "Fifteen thousand teachers around on by severe budget cutbacks in the California face layoffs next year. San Francisco school system. The Rather than accepting claims of no name for it is charity, and all added money by the Hayward board of together it doesn't amount to a drop in education, the Hayward AFT has the bucket compared with the $4- demanded that the board declare a milll.on in budget cuts this year and an school holiday and organize a massive estimated $16-million deficit for next march of students, teachers, and par­ year. The cutbacks have already put a ents on Sacramento to demand funds stop to any new book puchases, halted for the schools." most extracurricular activities, and On Feb. 18 the newly formed Stu­ Demonstrators jam San Francisco school board meeting threatened to result in the large-scale dents United Against Cutbacks. firing of teachers. (SUAC) held a news conference. Parti­ A more reasonable answer to the cipants included students from high California, even worse!" Rebecca from corporations. problem is also being voiced. At the schools around the city; James Bal­ Rhine, a Washington High School A leaflet distributed by the Young Militant Labor Forum on Feb. 28 five lard, president of the San Francisco student, told the board. "We want Socialist Alliance outlined some pro­ high school students and a teacher AFT; 'and a representative of the smaller class sizes, not larger ones." posals for solving the crisis. "Rather talked about the educational crisis and Service Employees International Union, "Why do they spend a lot of money than being left to the good wishes of how to solve it. which represents various workers m to integrate the teaching staff only to business for next year's budget, big "Why in the richest nation in the the school system. fire all the Black, Asian, and Latino business should be taxed to pay for the world are our schools being thrown on The news conference was held to teachers in a crisis?" Rhine asked. schools," the leaflet stated. "Rather the scrap heap?"asked Eric Harvison, announce plans for a demonstration "The last hired are the first fired." than raise the property tax on home­ a member of the Young Socialist at the board of education meeting on The charge that discriminatory fir­ owners, it should be raised where the Alliance and one of the speakers. Feb. 20. At the meeting the board was ings may constitute a violation of civil real wealth lies-downtown skyscrap­ "How can it be that big corporations greeted by a picket line of 200 angry rights legislation provoked a racist ers. Eliminate the war budget entirely, are raking in superprofits while school students, teachers, and parents chant­ tirade from one board member, who and put the money into the schools. districts go broke? Why would they ing, "Stop the cutbacks. No layoffs." hypocritically responded, "You'd better Stop all interest payments on bonds to throw thousands of teachers out of Some 500 protesters jammed into the not fire all white teachers." the banks." work throughout the state when their meeting room and overflowed into the "We are opposed to further taxes on SUAC members are currently seek­ services are so badly needed?" halls, forcing the board to move the our parents," Eric Harvison stated. ing the endorsements of local organiza­ "The reason," Harvison explained, meeting to a school auditorium. · "What this crisis has shown is that big tions for a city-wide teach-in against "Lies in the fact that in a capitalist Many SUAC activists addressed the companies have extra money to give to the cutbacks. The AFT Delegate As­ society big business profits come first, board. "Firing teachers would make the schools," Harvison said in refer­ sembly gave the proposal for the teach­ and human needs come last." our schools, already the worst in ence to the voluntary contributions in an enthusiastic response. District 1 parents name school board slate By Katherine Sojourner give up when the lives of our children • William Carlotti, a resident of years and is the father of three NEW YORK-On Feb. 27, in a are at stake. District 1 for 15 years, who has five children. He is a member of the storefront in the heart of the Lower "We want our superintendent back. children in District 1 schools. He is Coalition for Human Housing and a East Side's Puerto Rican community, We want our teachers and paraprofes­ vice-president of the Parent-Teacher founder of the Action for Progress parents announced the 10 candidates sionals back. We want our principals Association of Public School 34 and agency. Ferrer has been an active chosen for the Por los Niiios/Save the back, our bilingual classes and our head of the P.S. 34 screening commit­ union member since he was 15. He is Children slate running in the May 6 lunch program. That is why we have tee. He is the assistant director of currently a member of Textile Workers District 1 school board election. chosen these candidates. They will Fight Back, a building-trades organi­ Union of America Local 1790. Miriam Gonzalez, parent leader in fight for the rights of parents in School zation active in the fight to integrate •Joseph Jackson, who has lived in District 1 and a longtime fighter for District 1!" the construction industry. District 1 for 11 years. He was director community control of schools, prefaced Gonzalez then introduced the candi­ • Elizabeth Colon, who has lived in of the East Fourth Street Community the introduction of the school board dates chosen by the parents of District the Lower East Side for 23 years and Center for two years and has been slate this way: 1: went through public school there. She involved in the district's remedial "This multi-ethnic, parent-chosen is the administrative director of the reading program. He has been a slate will oppose Albert Shanker's so­ United Organization of Suffolk Street community organizer for the Addiction called Brotherhood slate. The 'Brother­ Day Care Center. She is a member of Service Agency Horizon Project and a hood' slate will run in the interest of the Coalition for Human Housing Day program innovator at the junior high Shanker's climb to power. Our candi­ Care Committee. school level. He has been active inthe dates will run in the interests of our • Alberto Esper6n, who has spent civil rights movement. parents and our children. most of his life in the Lower East Side • Leoncio Rivera, who has lived in "Since last May 14's school board and attended public schools there. His the community for 23 years. He is election, parents and children have three children all attended District 1 president of Christians United in faced contempt from the Shanker schools. He has worked as a volunteer Community Help and a leader in the supporters on the District 1 school for the Neighborhood Center for Reme­ parish council of Our Lady of Sorrows board. They fired our community dial Reading and as a family assistant Church. He is a member of the New superintendent, Luis [Fuentes]; they in Escuela Hispana Montessori. He is Jibaro Democrats and of the Lower have purged heads of our childrens' a volunteer in the P.S. 15 after-school East Side Problem Conference of programs; they have fired teachers and center. Esper6n is an officer of Hatters, Catholic Churches. paraprofessionals; they have drastical­ Cap and Millinery Workers Interna­ •Sandra Segarra, who has lived in ly cut back bilingual education pro­ tional Union Local 24. the .Lower East Side all her life and grams; they have fired our community­ •Carmelo Diaz, who has three chil­ attended District 1 schools. She has chosen principals. dren in the district schools and has three children, two of whom attend "Now, in some schools, parents are lived in the district for 14 years. He P.S. 4. She has been active in the Head not even allowed through the door to has served as the Parent Association Start programs of Dewitt Church and walk their small children to their president of P.S. 97 and is currently Grand Street Settlement, and she classrooms. Due process and justice for the Parent Association president of helped organize participation in the Puerto Rican, Black, and Chinese Junior High School 22. He works for 1972 Save the Children march on children and parents in District 1 has the New York City Transit Authority Washington. become nonexistent. and is a member of Transport Workers • Nicomedes Sanchez, who has lived "Perhaps Shanker and his friends at Union of Greater New York LocallOO, in District 1 for nine years. He has the central board of education hoped 'Por los -Niiios' candidates stand for AFL-CIO. been involved with early childhood that we would crawl away in defeat restoring bilingual programs sabotaged •Francisco Ferrer, who has been a education and child development and- and frustration and give up. We do not by Shakerite majority on present board. resident of the Lower East Side for 22 Continued on page 30

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 23 KennedY- okaY-ed bugg!ng New facts on FBI harassment of Dr. King By Baxter Smith lance was so tight King "couldn't Well before 1961, when then-attorney wiggle," he said. "They had him." general Robert Kennedy ordered a Between 1963 and 1965 the FBI "national security investigation" of recorded 5,000 of King's conversations. Martin Luther King Jr., the FBI At the 1964 Democratic Party conven­ already had King under surveillance, tion, President Lyndon Johnson told according to a March 9 New York the FBI to closely shadow King and Times story on previously undisclosed report back t9 him. FBI harassment of the civil rights One retired agent told Horrock that leader. the bureau's operation against King Harassment of the 1964 Nobel Peace was second in size "only to the way Prize recipient spanned "nearly a they went after Jimmy Hoffa," the decade," Times reporter Nicolas Hor­ former Teamsters president against rock wrote about King, who was whom the Kennedy administration gunned down by James Earl Ray on waged a determined and vicious cam­ April 4, 1968. Ray, who earlier con­ paign of persecution. fessed to being the sole plotter, now states he acted in a conspiracy with Other revelations of FBI harassment white Southerners. His request for a of King include the following: new trial to air this information was • In January 1965 the FBI mailed to denied on Feb. 27 by a federal judge. Coretta King, his wife, a secret tape Horrock writes that the FBI in 1961 recording of a hotel-room conversation told. Kennedy that two members of the made when King was away from home Communist Party had joined King's on business. Agents termed the tape Martin Luther King Jr. with SCLC associates the day before his murder. From left organization, the Southern Christian "unsavory" and sent it to Coretta King are: Hosea Williams, Jesse Jackson, and on right, Ralph Abernathy. Leadership Conference (SCLC). to foster marital strife. "The intelligence men urged then "I received a tape that was rather Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy curious, unlabeled," Coretta King told to King's Nobel achievement, FBI FBI's surveillanCe and harassment of to open a national security investiga­ the Times. "As a matter of fact, Martin agents hoped to disrupt it. SCLC and King "failed because it tion of Dr. King, and he complied," and I listened to the tape and we found • During the Kennedy administra­ concentrated on gathering information Horrock wrote. much of it .unintelligible. We concluded tion, the FBI circulated a detailed about the mores and personal lives of "Reliable sources said that Dr. King there was nothing in the tape to report they termed a "monograph" to the rights group's officials," Horrock was under electronic surveillance well discredit him." lampoon or debase King's personai life wrote. . before Mr. Kennedy had made his •Two former agents said the bureau among government leaders in Wash­ "'This was a little naive because decision." "routinely" sought to hamper the work ington, D.C. S.C.L.C. officials told me they couldn't And that surveillance and harass­ of SCLC even after King's assassina­ • Horrock reports there "was a con­ care less,' the agent said." ment continued up to King's death. tion. At one point an agent was sistent practice of anonymous tele­ As revealed in the FBI's once-secret ordered to obtain handwriting samples phone calls, sometimes to make false If the bureau considered their ha­ Cointelpro ("counterintelligence pro­ of Andrew Young and Hosea Williams, fire alarm reports at locations were Dr. rassment and surveillance of King a gram") memos on the Black struggle, King's SCLC associates, in hopes of King was to speak and in other failure, then maybe on April 4, 1968, the FBI, responding to the U.S. rulers' forging letters with their signatures. instances to friends and associates of they escalated the campaign. They fear and hatred of the Black freedom • Agents also sought to hoodwink Dr. King trying to sow distrust among certainly had reason. By 1968 the drive, in the 1960s intitiated a special SCLC leaders by planting stories that them." Black freedom drive had wrung a campaign to stop it. King, as a King was routing SCLC funds for When the Times spoke with number of concessions from the ·power prominent leader of the civil rights personal use to Swiss bank accounts "S.C.L.C. sources from that era [they structure. movement, was especially singled out. behind their backs. said] that Dr. King never wavered in Was the FBI a part of those "white J. Edgar Hoover, former FBI boss, • By spreading bogus stories about his leadership of the movement and Southerners," as James Earl Ray now went on a campaign to "get King," King's personal life among those that the harassment failed." calls them, who conspired and killed according to one ex-agent. The surveil- organizing a 1964 testimonial banquet A former agent also agreed that the Martin Luther King Jr.? Attica defense set to subpoena Rockefeller By Kurt Hill oath at the time of his vice-presidential quest for financial aid for the defend­ and because the introduction of yet BUFFALO, N.Y.-The frame-up confirmation hearings, Rockefeller ants for the remainder of the trial. The another alleged crime might prejudice murder trial of Attica' Brothers Charles claimed that prison guard William defendants had made the request since the jury. He declared that if such Pernasilice and John "Dacajeweiah" Quinn was thrown to his death from a they cannot work and have no time to testimony were allowed to stand it Hill, both Native American, entered its second-story window. apply for financial aid. Hill and could be cause for mistrial. second week as defense attorneys The prosecution is trying to prove Pernasilice had requested court finan­ King denied the motion. began to lay the foundation for Vice­ that Quinn died of a beating inflicted cial aid after it was revealed that a key Morgan's testimony also does not President Nelson Rockefeller's appear­ by the defendants, a version that prosecution witness, former Attica square with what he told two investi­ ance and testimony at the trial. directly contradicts Rockefeller's ac­ prisoner Leland Spear, has been receiv­ gators six days after the rebellion. Rockefeller, who serve'd as governor count of the events. ing $35 a day for food and lodging on "I noticed Officer Quinn on the floor, of New York State at the time of the The defense wants to subpoena court days. curled up in a sort of ball, some 20 feet Attica massacre in September 1971, Rockefeller to determine the factual Spear has testified that he saw Hill from Times Square into A-corridor," he recently rejected the defendants' re­ basis of his statement. State Supreme strike Quinn with a board. was quoted in the report. · "There quest to voluntarily appear as a Court Justice Gilbert King will hear Under cross-examination by Ramsey wasn't any inmates around and I bent witness at the trial. arguments on the proposed Rockefeller Clark, Pernasilice's attorney, Spear over to pick him up when I got hit by In public statements at the time of subpoena March 15. said that he could not identify any one Puerto Rican that came out of the the rebellion, which he repeated under Justice King denied a defense re- other prisoners at the "Times Square" A-block yard." area of the prison during the alleged When confronted with the investiga­ assault. Times Square is the intersec­ tors' report, Morgan claimed about his tion of four corridors at the prison's courtroom testimony, "I misjudged the center. distance because I didn't know what In a vigorous cross-examination by the length of the tunnel was." William Kunstler, Spear admitted that Kunstler confronted Morgan with he had not been employed since yet another glaring contradiction be­ September, directly contradicting pre­ tween his courtroom testimony and vious testimony given at a November . what he had told investigators earlier. hearing and at this trial. Spear was succeeded in the witness "Isn't it a fact that you described stand on March 6 by Royal Morgan, a this Puerto Rican [Quinn's attacker] former Attica guard who was on duty further on as a member of the Young at the prison during the uprising. Lords party?" Kunstler asked. Morgan claimed he saw the prone "Yes, sir,'' Morgan replied, contra­ body of Quinn surrounded "eight to dicting himself. (The day before, Mor­ 10" prisoners, lying near a door to the gan had identified Hill as the Native yard, a point some 140 feet from Times American who attacked Quinn.) Square. Morgan testified that he him­ "Which is correct?" Kunstler asked. self was first hit by Hill and then went "What I said yesterday and today." over to pick up Quinn. "Your memory is better now than it Kunstler moved to immediately ex­ was six days after the incident?" " Aerial view of part of Attica Prison. Number 12 indicates 'Times Square' area. clude this testimony because Morgan "No, in some parts it was better Number 16 indicates D-yard, where guards and state troopers crushed the revolt. failed to link Hill with striking Quinn then."

24 ... CIA-Mafia death squads: new cover-up? Continued from back page more about CIA-Mafia cooperation just stand back and let it happen." The while he was serving on a panel in "we just let it happen" line is 1961 that investigated the Bay of Pigs particularly incredible in the case of invasion. South Vietnam, since the' Diem dicta­ Asked why Senator Kennedy never torship was a creature of U.S. interna­ made public his knowledge of the CIA­ tional intrigues. Mafia death squads, his aides "could Time magazine reported March 9 only speculate.... " that "credible sources" had told it the CIA had been involved in a plot to kill Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, for Heroin connection many years dictator of Haiti. The magazine also confirmed previous Mafia leaders have been repeatedly accounts of CIA murder attempts linked to U.S. "intelligence" efforts against Castro and Trujillo. since World War II. In 1972, such charges were repeated in the book The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia, Mafia connection by Alfred McCoy. McCoy wrote that Time said its "sources contend that syndicate gangsters had become in­ the C.I.A. enlisted the hired-gUn help volved in the heroin trade with the of U.S. Mafia figures" in several plots approval of the CIA. to kill Fidel Castro both before and The Times reports that a number of after the CIA-organized Bay of Pigs past and present CIA officials inter­ invasion of Cuba in 1961. viewed shortly after McCoy's book was A story by Seymour Hersh in the published confirmed the charge that March 10 New York Times reported the CIA was protecting Mafia heroin . that two former key aides of the late operations in Southeast Asia. Robert Kennedy said thal Kennedy In a series of interviews last year, a had told them of a Mafia-CIA plot to former undercover CIA agent in New kill Castro before the Bay of Pigs York City told the Times that he and CIA mercenaries and bombers massacred rebels in the Congo, 1964. invasion in 1961. According to his other agents "had some dealings" with aides, Kennedy had claimed that he the Mafia. That agent had been involved in spying on radical groups played an active role in stopping the For its part, the Senate Select Com­ King, and Fred Hampton and Mark and other dissidents in the late 1960s assassination attempts. mittee on Intelligence, which claims to and early 1970s. Clark. The plots involved underworld fig­ be looking into all aspects of CIA In the last months of his life, The Times reports that their source's ures Sam Giancana and John Roselli. operations, is trying to figure out Malcolm X was positive that someone knowledge of the CIA "seemed exten­ According to newspaper reports, Gian­ whether it can afford to continue was tracking him. Just 12 days before sive" and that the source said "that cana was a Chicago rackets chief with keeping the details of the murder his murder, he had been scheduled to the Mafia was relied upon for ex­ longtime connections in prerevolution­ operations under wraps. speak in Paris. But suddenly the changes of information and also to ary Cuba. His ties with the CIA came The March 11 New York Times French government refused to allow assault targets selected by the CIA." to light as early as 1963 when the reports that Senator Frank Church (D­ him to come. Chicago Sun-Times quoted Justice Idaho), who is heading up the panel, It later came out that the French Department sources as saying that the Cover-up continues "is concerned about embarrassment to officials feared an assassination of the CIA had helped Giancana spy on his Of course, the organization of death the United States if details of the Black leader during his visit. How did girl friend. squads in the United States and aiding plotting become known." they learn such an attempt would take One of the former Kennedy aides and abetting heroin smuggling would The revelations of the CIA's murders place? also said that Kennedy had ·known be considered by most people to consti­ in other countries and its links with Did the CIA plan to gun Malcolm about CIA-Mafia links since the late tute illegal domestic activity. Yet the the Mafia in the U.S. have also opened down in Paris? When the Paris plans 1950s, when he was working as an Rockefeller commission, purportedly up the question of agency involvement fell through, did the CIA then hire the organized-crime investigator for a investigating domestic CIA crimes, in suspicious assassinations in this assassins who were to murder Malcolm Senate committee. The same aide also has shown no inclinat;ion to delve into country. Under the pressure of growing two weeks later? reported that Kennedy had learned the matter. doubts .about the official versions of None of the congressional "investi­ these killings, the Rockefeller CIA gations" of the CIA's activities has commission recently heard testimony even proposed to look into these ques­ from Black comedian Dick Gregory tions. and convicted Watergater E. Howard Hunt on the 1963 assassination of Will continue spying John Kennedy. Gregory is the head of Meanwhile, the CIA has made it a group that charges Hunt and other clear that it plans to continue its CIA agents played a role in the Dallas illegal spying no matter what. On assassination. March 5, CIA chief William Colby testified before a subcommittee of the Who killed Malcolm X? House Government Operations Com­ mittee. But neither the Rockefeller commis­ Colby was confronted by Representa­ sion nor the several congressional tive Bella Abzug (D-N.Y.), head of the commissions investigating the CIA subcommittee, who produced 20 years has shown any interest in probing the of CIA files on her activities. assassinations of Black leaders, such as "To find myself in your files is those of Malcolm X, Martin Luther outrageous," said Abzug. She noted that the CIA had carried out such "clearly illegal" surveillance as open­ ing and reading mail she had sent as a Six murder attacks on Castro lawyer to her clients. The CIA attempted unsuccessfully as 'a top Mafia figure' who watched the CIA's "case officer" in the Abzug's CIA file also contained to assassinate Cuban Prime Minis­ over 'the concealed interests in Las assassination attempt. information on her defense of witch­ ter Fidel Castro at least six times Vega casinos of the Chicago under­ Ayers quit the CIA in disgust in hunt victims in the 1950s, details of a between the spring of 1961 and the world.'" 1964, he claims, when the anti­ 1972 meeting she had in Paris with spring of 1963. Bradley Ayers, one of the key men Castro murder-squads were gradual­ members of the Vietnamese Provision­ The plots began as part of the who helped train the CIA death ly dismantled in the wake of the al Revolutionary Government, reports Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. By squads, gave details of his participa­ Kennedy assassination. According on Women Strike for Peace activities, eliminating Castro before the inva­ tion to reporter Randy Furst of the to the Minneapolis Star interview, and the minutes of a meeting of the sion began, CIA stategists felt they Minneapolis Star. Furst quotes Ayers considers the assassination of Vietnam Mobilization Committee, an could deal a demoralizing blow to Ayers as admitting that he trained Castro to be "my unfinished job and antiwar group. the Cubans that would facilitate the 75-100 men in "all phases of para­ the unfinished job of my country." Although he twitched under Abzug's U.S.-sponsored military attack. military commando operations.'' questioning, Colby insisted that de­ To organize the conspiracy the According to Ayers, the men were He is convinced that both Robert spite whatever activities might have CIA picked one John Roselli, who, subsequently infiltrated by boat into and John Kennedy "were personally been "inappropriate" in the past, the according to Jack Anderson's syndi­ Cuba, where they carried out sabo­ involved and personally dedicated" agency intended to continue its spying cated column, was chosen because tage, and at least one team of to overthrowing the Cuban revolu­ against any U.S. citizen it deems a he was "an underworld figure who mark~men was scheduled to assassi­ tionary government and that if threat to the nation's "security.'' could be disowned." nate Castro. John Kennedy had lived, Castro If that sounds like double-talk, it's Anderson adds that Roselli is Other reports have quoted Ayers would have been eventually assas­ no accident. As Abzug put it, "You say . "identified in confidential FBI files as identifying the Mafia's Roselli as sinated. you're not going to do it anymore, and yet you are going to do it."

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 25 Officials keep turnout small 2,000 join Sacramento march for jobs By Harry Ring "California AFL-CIO urges $30-billion SACRAMENTO, Calif.-Two thou­ tax cut now;" "California AFL-CIO sand people participated in a trade­ demands jobs, housing, health care." union march and rally against unem­ Speakers at the capitol rally included ployment at the state capitol here various state and local union officials March 8. The action was sponsored by plus recently elected Governor Ed­ the California Labor Federation, AFL­ mund Brown and U.S. Senator John CIO. Tunney. The conservative leadership of the Brown was greeted with boos, jeers, California trade-union movement, like and heckling. Some of this, but by no the national trade-union officialdom, is means all of it, came from supporters generally not accustomed to calling of some radical groups. Brown had run demonstrations of this kind. The for election as a liberal and a "friend of simple fact that the action was called labor." In office, his policies are is a significant, encouraging indica­ proving little different than those of tion of rank-and-file sentiment for his reactionary predecessor Ronald union action on the issue of jobs. On Reagan. the part of the leadership the demon­ Among those expressing displeasure stration represented an effort to look with Brown were members of the like it is addressing itself to the United Farm Workers. The UFW problems in a meaningful way. leadership had supported his election Nevertheless the turnout was disap­ bid, and he is now in the process of pointingly small, and responsibility for Militant/Howard Petrick reneging on a commitment to support this rests with the officials who initiat­ March and rally showed rank-and-file sentiment for union action on job issue a state labor bill being pressed by the ed and organized the action. Farm Workers. There is no question that the 1.7- An interesting indication that at million-member California Federation action as a means of obtaining union tional Ladies' Garment Workers' Un­ least some labor officials now sense a of Labor could have turned out several goals. ion, the United Electrical Workers, need to strike a more militant tens of thousands of demonstrators if They approach the issue of rank-and­ Service Employees International Un­ posture-at least in their rhetoric-was available resources and energies were file involvement with the deepest ion, various culinary-trades locals, and evidenced in the opening speech by put into the effort. caution, because they instinctively fear others. John Henning, secretary-treasurer of Instead the action was put together it might stimulate the kind of militant Among the relatively few who made the state federation of labor. Henning over a period of only a few weeks. unionism that could easily get out of the trip from Southern California were said, in part: Publicity was pitifully minimal, and their control. a group of members of the United "We are here today not only to neither the state body nor its affiliates Seeing even these 2,000 workers Rubber Workers who have been on protest the unemployment that pre­ made available the necessary funds to marching down the streets to the steps strike for the past two years at the vails in California and across the provide extensive free transportation of the capitol offered an intimation of Sloane manufacturing company. There nation. We are here to protest the for the jobless. the power of organized labor if mobi­ were also about 50 construction work­ wrongs of an economic system that It could be argued that the AFL-CIO lized at its full strength. ers from Ventura County, mostly has made massive unemployment the tops don't have much experience or­ The largest single contingent-about Black and Chicano. inheritance of every generation of ganizing mass demonstrations and 500-came from the United Farm Placards issued by the AFL-CIO Americans. were simply inept. This may have been Workers union. Reflecting the militant included these slogans: "California "We protest the unemployment of a factor, but a more basic reason is spirit of la causa, it was also the most AFL-CIO says stop depression-enact today-eight million, out of work in the that the union officialdom has a deeply spirited contingent. $3 pay floor now;" "California AFL­ nation, one million in California. But ingrained aversion to rank-and-file Nearly as large was the turnout of CIO says break up the oil cartel;" we are also here to protest a system building-trades workers, who are parti­ that requires war as the price of full cularly hard hit by unemployment. employment. The "hard hat" contingent included "Never forget that in all the history SWPsays: carpenters, laborers, and others. of this country, our economic system Another of the larger contingents has never provided full employment in 'Jobs for all' came from the various Bay Area locals times of peace. It is the duty and the SACRAMENTO, Calif.-A contin­ of the California Federation of Teach­ destiny of the labor movement to gent of Socialist Workers Party ers, one of the more active union change that, but we can't change it campaign supporters marched in organizations in Northern California. with temporary reforms-cough medi­ the demonstration here with two More than 100 women marched in a cine will never cure cancer of the banners. One declared: "Thirty separate contingent under the banner lungs. hours work for forty hours pay­ of the Coalition of Labor Union Wom­ "We want enduring, permanent Jobs for all now!" The other said: en (CLUW). LaRene Paul, president of change in the economic structure. It is "Stop the Cambodia war money­ San Francisco CLUW, addressed the the obligation of the labor movement Stop the layoffs-For a crash pro­ rally held on the capitol steps. to ask for-to demand-nothing less gram of public works." Although they are not affiliated to than a constitutional assurance, a Despite intermittent rain during the AFL-CIO, both the United Auto constitutional guarantee of employ­ the rally, $40 worth of books -and Workers and the International Long­ ment for all Americans who are able, pamphlets were sold at a socialist shoremen's union supported the dem­ and available for work. literature table. About 125 copies of onstration, and members of their locals "That means specifically a constitu­ The Militant were sold to demon­ were in the line of march. tional provision that says when the strators, and almost everyone re­ Some of the other unions carrying private enterprise system can't provide ceived copies of the SWP election placards or banners included the jobs-and it has never provided full campaign brochure, "A Bill of Marine Cooks & Stewards, the Pain, employment-it is the obligation of the Rights for Working People." ters, Postal Workers, Typographical government to provide · those jobs Union, Transport Workers, Interna- Militant/Howard Petrick through governmental programs."

Workers all across the country are Eileen Shanahan explained how this would like to work full-time but can being laid off in numbers unheard of trick works: "To be counted as unem~ only find part-time jobs. Never mind Gov't since the Great Depression, but the ployed but still in the work force, an that their incomes may be crippled­ real extent of unemployment is being individual must have actively looked the government still counts them all as distorted and understated by . govern­ for work during the previous four employed. In January this category figures ment statistics. weeks and be able to describe to the included 3.8 million workers. The official unemployment rate for Government enumerator the methods When you add it all up without the February remained steady at 8.2 per­ he or she has used in searching for a tricks and phony adjustments, it comes hide real cent of the total national work force, or job." to 13.5 million people either out of work 7.5 million people unemployed. That's Not being "officially" unemployed or involuntarily putting in short hours. bad enough. doesn't make it any easier to buy The government's paltry relief pro­ jobless But in fact the total number of jobs groceries, but it brightens up the grams do not even begin to ease the in the economy shrank by at least government statistics. misery imposed by this staggering 540,000 in the same month, to 84 The last figure released for "discour­ level of unemployment-which is still million. Layoffs have wiped out 2.4 aged" workers was 850,000, so by now rising, with no end in sight. Only six rate million jobs since last September. it must be at least 1.4 million. million people are receiving any unem­ The reason the official jobless rate That's not all, though. The jobless ployment compensation at all, and the did not rise in February was that about figures are also "seasonally adjusted." average paid out is a mere $62 a week. the same number of people (580,000) The actual number of unemployed As for President Ford's program of stopped "actively" looking for work. counted by the Labor Department in public service jobs. . . . The Labor They are now labeled "discouraged" February was 8.3 million, or 9.1 per­ Department recently announced that a workers and not counted as unemploy­ cent-almost one million more than grand total of 167,620 jobs have been ed. the "adjusted" figure. provided. That's about 1 percent of New York Times economics reporter Then there are all the people who those out of work.

26 Fill streets of Modesto UFW supporters hit Gallo union busting By Rich Stuart Dozens of trade unions were repre­ MODESTO, Calif.-An estimated sented, and messages of support came 15,000 supporters of the United Farm from scores of others. Many AFL-CIO Workers (UFW) filled the streets of this unions chartered buses .to transpo4 city on March 1 in a spirited march their members to Modesto. There were and rally that UFW President Cesar also buses and car caravans bringing Chavez called "one of the biggest in students from all over California. the history of the UFW." Chavez, speaking across a sea of Modesto is the home of the giant UFW flags, opened his remarks by Gallo winery, the largest in the coun­ announcing that Ernest Gallo had try. The marchers demanded immedi­ been waiting for three hours for the ate elections to allow farm workers to rally to end so that he could hold a decide whether they wanted to be news conference. The UFW message to represented by the UFW or the Team­ Gallo, Chavez explained, is very sim­ sters. The UFW has backed up its ple: "Give the workers the right to vote. demand for elections with a nation­ Let them decide for themselves who wide boycott of all Gallo wines. should represent them." The demonstration included close to "If Gallo lets the workers vote, we 1,000 people who had marched here will call off our boycott if we lose the from San .Francisco, Fresno, and elections. If we win, we want the Stockton. On the march were support­ Teamsters to get out!" Chavez told the ers of the UFW from as far away as rally. Seattle, Phoenix, and St. Louis. In 1973 the Teamsters went in behind the backs of the farm workers and signed contracts with grape grow­ Militant/Howard Petrick ers who previously had agreements Fifteen thousand marched in Modesto, including supporters from dozens of trade with the UFW. As a result of this unions. Teamster union-busting operation, the UFW lost 95 percent of its contracts with wine and table-grape growers. that Gallo's advertising budget has Chavez denounced California Gover­ Ernest Gallo denies that the UFW more than doubled from $6.5-million to nor Jerry Brown's decision to go to the boycott of Gallo wines has sent sales $13.5-millon. "Gallo's biggest problem fields to "find out for himself' who dipping across the country. "The Gallo is that it does not have truth on its farm workers want to represent them. winery, as you know, is a family side," Chavez said. "They can spend Brown would be talking to scabs, not organization," he has said. "Our fig­ millions of dollars in propaganda, but UFW strikers, if he were to go into the ures are not made public. You must money is not going to make the truth fields, Chavez said. take my word for it." of lies." "We are not going to let anyone Chayez, however, did offer some introduce legislation because they figures. "Gallo has been removed from An example of Gallo's attempt to think they know what is best for us! If the shelves of 540 stores in Los circumvent the boycott is its introduc­ they do, they will have to contend with Angeles, 70 in Houston, 150 in New tion of a new wine called "Madria the UFW," Chavez stated. York City, 250 in the Bay Area, 375 in Madria Sangria." In response to a In an open letter to Chavez, Ernest Washington, D.C., and has been UFW petition, the Federal Trade Com­ and Julio Gallo wrote, "You know that banned by the state legislature from mission is investigating Gallo's use of the answer to this problem is in all of West Virginia. Gallo sales are the phony brand and deceptive adver­ legislation-not marches, boycotts, down by 50 percent in New England, tising, which depicts the wine as being and demonstrations." That should be a 40 to 50 percent in Los Angeles, 85 the product of a small family from clear message to the UFW to step up percent in Boston, and overall Gallo Spain. Boycott supporters are encour­ the marches, boycotts, and Militant/Howard Petrick sales are down 30 to 40 percent." aged to remember that if the label demonstrations-to continue the mobi­ CHAVEZ: 'Give workers right to vote on As evidence that Gallo is smarting says the wine is made in Modesto, it's lization of thousands of supporters who should represent them.' from the boycott, Chavez pointed out made by Gallo. that was begun in Modesto. AFSCME to mobilize for April 29 action By Gene Anderson tion, giving the march nationwide officials that called the march is why a Nevertheless, the call for. the April29 "It was the kids who showed us the dimensions," reported the March 14 mid-week date was chosen. AFSCME demonstration can provide the oppor­ way to fight for peace in Vietnam. It Public Employee Press, newspaper of members will apparently be asked to tunity for the most massive protest yet was the Blacks and other minority District Council 37. take a day's leave to go to Washington, held against the economic crisis. Un­ groups who showed us how to fight for The paper added that "dozens of but there are undoubtedly many thou­ ion activists in New York and other civil rights. It's got to be labor that community and church groups are sands who would like to march but will cities can urge their locals to endorse shows the country the way to fight for organizing contingents to send to be unable, for one reason or another, to the call and begin organizing to go to economic stability and economic jus­ Washington." take off from work to do so. Washington. tice. The stakes are terribly high. The A 10-point program proposed by fight must take all the strength and unions organizing the march was Reprints of the special four-page ingenuity we can muster-and all the printed in the AFSCME newspaper. It Why can't Militant feature, "Why can't everyone people we can muster. . . . We have to calls for improved unemployment have a job?" by Fred Halstead, are march in the streets." compensation, increased federal spend­ now available for distribution at -Victor Gotbaum, executive director ing to provide jobs, lower interest everyone unemployment lines, welfare centers, AFSCME District Council 37 rates, no cuts in Social Security or food plant gates, and everywhere people stamps, and a "national health securi­ have a are worried about the deepening ty program that will provide health NEW YORK, March 11-District economic crisis. protection for all Americans as a Council 37 of the American Federation Halstead explains the causes of matter of right." job? of State, County and Municipal Em­ unemployment and proposes a One point in the program calls for: ployees (AFSCME) is calling for the course of actipn for the labor move­ "No More $ for Viet Nam-Or addi­ largest possible turnout for an April 29 ment to win jobs for all. tional military aid for other corrupt, march on Washington. The march, initiated by District military dictatorships." Cost: 4 cents each for 500 or more; Another point proposes: "Reduce Council 37 and other New York City 5 cents each for 100-499; 6 cents each unions, will demand government ac­ Work Hours-The advanced develop­ for less than 100. Single copies free. ment of our technology may now make tion to end the recession and provide Order from: Militant Business possible, or perhaps necessitate, a 32- jobs. Offlce, 14 Charles Lane, New York, hour work week with 40 hours' pay." AFSCME officials have set a goal of N.Y. 10014. bringing 15,000 District Council 37 In addition to AFSCME, other unions reported to be mobilizing for members to Washington. Local unions Enclosed------is $ __ for __ copies of April 29 include the auto workers, are to discuss the mobilization at "Why can't everyone have a job?" upcoming meetings and begin signing hospital workers, Teamsters, depart­ up their members to participate. ment store workers, communications District Council 37 plans to charter workers, Amalgamated Meat Cutters, Name------buses to take members to Washington electrical workers, distributive work­ Address ______and will provide tickets for about $15. ers, clothing workers, and postal work­ City ______"Unions and community groups in ers. other states, meanwhile, were express­ One problem that has not been State ______.L,iP'---- ing support for the April 29 demonstra- explained by the committee of union

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 27 In Review

~chicano Revolt': birth of Raza Unida Chicano Revolt in a Texas Town, by John Los Cinco (the five), as the candidates came to be Staples Shockley. University of Notre Dame known, were all from working-class backgrounds. Press, 1974. None had completed high school. They had great appeal to the Chicano community, and nationalist In the early 1960s, Crystal City, a South Texas sentiment was mobilized on their behalf. town of 10,000, was totally under the control of a At an election-eve rally, one speaker said, "The racist anglo minority comprising 15 percent of the gringos say they never worry until the day before population. They owned all the businesses, occupied the election, and then they go out and buy the vote. all elected and appointed offices, controlled all the 'Give a Mexican a dollar and he will sell himself,' land, and held the best jobs. There was segregation they say. But this is no longer true. The mexicanos' in the schools, and the Chicanos lived in abysmal eyes are open now, and the price is higher now. The poverty. ' man who wants to buy a vote must pay liberty, In 1963 ChicaJ!OS tried to break the stranglehold respect, dignity, education for the children, a higher of anglo domination by running a slate for city standard of living for all, and progressive council. After a big mobilization that shook the government-that is _the new price." entire community, they won the election. Yet within Los Cinco swept the city council elections. But in a couple of years, the entire effort had fallen apart. doing so they had aroused the wrath of the Texas Six years later, a successful mass boycott of political establishment, both Democratic and Re­ Crystal City schools by Chicanos led them to try publican. The extreme racists were hopping mad. running for office again. This time, the effort was Even though the Chicano slate victory was carried out completely within the confines of the Democrat­ ic Party, which the racists controlled, the idea of Chicanos doing something on their own was seen Books as a threat. conducted under the banner of La Raza Unida Party (RUP), and, unlike the previous experience, it Liberals turn against Chicanos Even the Texas Observer was upset. This voice of led to some real changes. liberalism told Chicanos they had gone too far. This book by John Staples Shockley is ap. attempt "There is going to be a brutal tightening down on to compare the two "revolts" and to explain why the Mexican in every town of South Texas because such a thing could occur in Crystal City. Originally of what PASO and the Teamsters Union so Shockley's master's thesis at Notre Dame, Chicano arrogantly pulled off at Crystal City,'' the liberals Revolt is the result of research as well as interviews wrote. "Race hatred and discrimination builds back with participants in both struggles. up. Because of the great impact that the Crystal City "Whereas if PASO and the Teamsters had been Raza Unida Party had in inspiring the formation of content with a mere majority of three and had not other independent Chicano parties elsewhere, the completely shut out Anglos, the situation would lessons of this experience merit close examination have been entirely different." and discussion. Shockley's book is the most detailed PASO crumbled under the pressure. The Team­ account to appear in print to date. It is a thoughtful sters never again became involved in Crystal City and valuable contribution to this discussion. politics. 1963 revolt Los Cinco, with no political experience or perspec­ AB Shockley demonstrates, the organizers of the tive, soon disintegrated in the face of recriminations first revolt had too narrow a vision of Chicano by Crystal City gringos. As Los Cinco backed off control to get very far. They could not see beyond from their former nationalist stance, they lost the simple act of electing a few Chicanos within the support in the community. traditional parties to public office. Within two years the gringos had put together an Officials from Teamsters Local 657 and the electoral coalition of their own with more Mexican­ Political ABsociation of Spanish-speaking Organi­ American faces, and they recaptured control of city hall. zations (PASO), both based in San Antonio, were MilitanVAntonio Camejo The experience had aroused the the main forces behind the 1963 effort. The Los Cinco Crystal City, 1970: 'All of us different-all of us community as never before and had opened up a Teamsters saw an opportunity to expand unionism united-Raza Unida Party.' in notoriously antiunion Texas. PASO was interest­ couple of jobs for Chicanos in city government. But ed in establishing a base for itself in the Texas fundamentally, conditions for Chicanos in Crystal MAYO leader Jose Angel Gutierrez became a Democratic Party. City remained unchanged. However, the intervening period had not really leader of the boycott. AB Shockley points out, one of Bringing their political experience and resources the points in MAYO's program was to establish into Crystal City, these forces conducted an solved the gringos' dilemma either. After the Chicano parties independent of the Democrats and impressive voter registration drive, throwing local Chicano community had been aroused, the anglos Republicans. On Jan. 29, 1970, La Raza Unida gringos into an advanced state of consternation. could no longer maintain all-white rule. Yet the Party filed for. ballot status. The business agent of the Teamsters local at the middle-class, conservative Mexican-Americans, on Community people participated in the decision Del Monte plant in Crystal City was chosen to head whom they had to depend as window dressing for making of the partido. Once in office, steps were the city council slate as mayoral candidate. ·white rule, had also been discredited and had little influence in the community. taken to improve the lot of Chicanos and do away with discrimination . . 1969 school boycott Shockley writes about this process in detail. "The In the fall of 1969, a massive school boycott by Crystal City schools," he summarizes, "were Chicanos developed in response to the racist abruptly, consciously, being transformed into policies of the school board. The struggle was agents of 'Chicanismo.' As this transformation touched off by the racist methods of selecting outraged the Anglos, support for and interest in the cheerleaders, but it soon spread to broader political schools grew in the Mexican-American community. issues. The students demanded an end to racist Over 200 Chicano dropouts returned to school abuse from teachers, more Chicano staff, bilingual voluntarily within the first year under the new programs and Chicano studies, and the right to administration, and school board meetings (now organize in the schools. held in the high school auditorium so as to allow Before long, the school board found itself com­ plenty of room for interested persons) regularly pletely isolated and on Jan. 5, 1970, was forced to attracted hundreds of people." give in. While Shockley does not draw out this conclusion, Once again, elections were coming up in Crystal it is clear from his presentation of the facts that it City but the situation was different now. The was political independence that enabled the second boycott was a mass movement, outside the control movement to go as far as it has. Unlike PASO, the of the Democratic or Republican parties. It had an boycott leaders were not just interested in gaining a indigenous leadership, which had learned from the little leverage with anglo Democrats. They were not failure of Los Cinco. afraid to mobilize Chicanos to demand their rights. MilitanVMiguel Pendas A very important part of this leadership came On the fifth anniversary of the Crystal City RUP Jose Angel Gutierrez, central leader of the Crystal from the Mexican American Youth Organization and at a time when trust in the two capitalist City Raza Unida Party, was one of several Chicano (MAYO), which had decided to make the Crystal parties among Chicanos is at an all-time low, student leaders who helped lead boycott of schools in City area the object of an intensive organizing Chicano Revolt in a Texas Town makes informative 1969-1970. effort called the "Winter Garden Project." and timely reading. -Miguel Pendas

28 Militant circulation drive Sub blitz effort gains 2,053 new readers By Pat Galligan took advantage of The Militant's The national subscription blitz effort introductory offer. held the weekend of March 2 (in some Our supporters sell subscriptions in areas, March 9) brought in 2,053 new conjunction with all the activities subscribers for The Militant. socialists participate in. Lower Man­ That brings the total after three hattan subscription drive director weeks of our spring subscription drive Lynn Rashkind comments that "The to 2,968, or 33 percent of our goal of Militant is so well known for telling obtaining 9,000 new subscribers by the truth about the District 1 struggle April 12. that many community activists al­ We should have reached 38 percent ready subscribe." Twenty-one more of our goal by this time. Eleven areas Lower East Side supporters of the "Por are on or ahead of schedule. los Nifios" school board slate have Campuses have proved to be a major bought subscriptions in the .current source of new readers, as in the past. drive. John Votava from Oakland/Berkeley Claire Moriarty, who led a work­ reports that most of their 350 subscrip­ shop at a recent Stony Brook, N.Y., tions were sold on trips to northern women's conference, sold 16 subscrip­ Califomia campuses during two week­ tions to conference participants. Other end blitzes. Upper West Side sub-sellers signed up One Sunday, Militant supporters six new readers at a rally for Domini­ from Detroit blanketed the Michigan can independence. State University campus in East The Rocky Mountain Young Social­ Lansing and signed up 102 new sub­ ist team reports that sales from litera­ scribers. ture tables accounted for most of their Other trips to outlying campuses week's total of 36 subscriptions. And have gained hundreds of new readers three Philadelphia supporters traveled Militant/Dave Paparella for The Militant in such areas as to nearby Glassboro State College in Willie Mae Reid (right) at International Women's Day demonstration in Chicago Laramie, Wyo.; Chico, Calif.; Slippery New Jersey and sold 15 subscriptions Rock, Pa.; and Northfield, Minn. and 30 Militants from a literature table A large proportion of The Militant's there. single•copy circulation every week is in With only five weeks of the drive Subscription scoreboard the Black community, and these sales remaining, all local areas, especially are now being followed up with sub­ those behind schedule, will have to AREA QUOTA SOLD % Tallahassee, Fla. 25 3 12 Pittsburgh L.A. (Centrai~East) 300 30 10 scription canvassing. carefully organize subscription selling 200 189 95 Upper West Side, N.Y. 300 222 74 Nashville, Tenn. 40 4 10 activities if the national goal is to be Going door-to-door in the Black Oakland/Berkeley 500 343 69 Edinboro, Pa. 30 3 10 community, Houston socialists sold 55 met. Brooklyn, N.Y. 300 186 62 Chicago 500 47 9 subscriptions and 200 single copies on Plans for the second national blitz San Diego 200 120 60 Champaign, Ill. 25 2 8 just one Saturday. Interest in the weekend, March 22, are now being Lower Manhattan, N.Y. 300 163 54 Milwaukee 150. 11 7 Houston SWP's fight against Ku Klux mapped out. Supporters in a number of Houston 300 150 50 Amarillo, Tex. 15 1 7 Klan terrorism boosted sales, accord­ areas are looking to this weekend to Denver 275 134 49 Madison, Wis. 25 4 ing to subscription-drive director Pat reach or surpass their subscription Detroit 300 138 46 Ann Arbor, Mich. 30 3 O'Reilly. He said door-to-door subscrip­ quotas. Bloomington, Ind. 50 20 40 San Antonio, Tex. 30 1 3 tion sales will be continued as a Sixteen areas made their weekly Catskill, N.Y. 5 2 40 Boston 500 12 2 Twin Cities, Minn. East Lansing, Mich. 2 regular Saturday activity. sales goals with the March 7 issue 300 95 32 60 Washington, D.C. 300 93 31 (headline: "Unions plan mass protests Other areas reporting subscription Philadelphia 300 89 30 YOUNG SOCIALIST TEAMS sales in Black neighborhoods include for jobs"). Ten of these cities have Baltimore 50 15 30 Michigan/Indiana 240 84 35 Oakland/Berkeley with 67, Pittsburgh successfully met their goals two weeks Logan, Utah 30 9 30 Missouri/Kansas 240 80 33 with 35, Cleveland with 25, and Seattle in a row. Special credit goes to Twin L.A. (West Side) 300 75 25 Rocky Mountain 240 74 31 with 16. Cities supporters, who sold 372 Mili­ Portland, Ore. 200 50 25 Northern Calif. 240 51 21 Subscription sales are not limited to tants, thus topping their goal of 300'­ St. Louis 200 47 24 Southern Calif. 240 25 10 specially organized teams. Many local even though the temperature never San Francisco 450 99 22 Mid-Atlantic 240 25 10 subscription drive directors report that topped 17 degrees. Atlanta 300 63 21 Northwest 240 23 10 Friday night Militant Forums provide Nationally, however, the 8,555 copies Seattle 200 33 17 Pennsylvania 240 18 8 an opportunity to sell subscriptions to sold fell short of our goal of 9,700. The Louisville, Ky. 30 5 17 Ohio/Kentucky 240 13 5 Cleveland 300 48 16 Southeast 240 2 1 Young Socialist teams sold 1,170 the people most interested in political State College, Pa. 25 4 16 General 62 issues. Twelve of the 60 people attend­ copies in addition to those sold by local Mankato, Minn. 15 2 13 TOTAL: 9,000 2,968 33 ing a recent Detroit forum on Eritrea areas. March 29 int'l protest set for Soviet dissidents By Cliff Conner behind bars. He is now being held in solitary confinement. Mter 145 days,. Upon being released in 1970, he Soviet dissidents Vladimir Bukovsky the notorious Vladimir Prison. His during which he was brutally force­ enraged the Kremlin by collecting and and V alentyn Moroz will be the focus present 14-year term began in 1970. fed-and after worldwide protests on sending abroad a series of documents of an intemational day of protest on During 1974, Moroz initiated a hun­ his behalf-the authorities retumed that conclusively demonstrated 'the Saturday, March 29, to demand that ger strike against his conditions of him to a "normal" cell, whereupon Soviet govemment's use of psychiatry the Kremlin release them from prison. Moroz ended his strike on Nov. 24, as an instrument of political repres­ Both Bukovsky and Moroz-jailed for 1974. sion. These included official diagnoses activities and writings in defense of A few days earlier, on Nov. 5, of such prominent communist dissi­ democratic rights in the Soviet Moroz's wife had visited him and then dents as Pyotr Grigorenko and Ivan Union-are seriously ill, and their described him to the press as "frighten­ Yakhimovich. continued incarceration represents a ingly emaciated~' and "almost continu­ On Dec. 7, 1974, Bukovsky was clear threat to their lives. March 29 is ously semiconscious." In order to save permitted a visit by his mother, who the anniversary of Bukovsky's impris­ his life, she said, "it is mandatory that subsequently reported that her son was onment in 1971. he be placed in a hospital immediately in extremely poor health. In spite of a The call for intemational protests and provided with extended, thorough severe case of stomach ulcers, she was initiated by the Bertrand Russell medical care." stated, the prison authorities have Peace Foundation together with such Vladimir Bukovsky is a 32-year-old refused him a medically necessary leading figures of the democratic Russian writer who has been in the special diet. movement in the Soviet Union as forefront of the struggle for democratic Speakers at the March 18 speak-out Andrei Sakharov and Pavel Litvinov. rights in the USSR since his high in New York will be Pavel Litvinov, Litvinov, now in exile, will be the school days. In 1972 the Stalinist playwright and drama critic Eric featured speaker at a public meeting to regime sentenced him to 12 years. Like Bentley, civil rights attomey Conrad be held on March 18 in New York City. Moroz, Bukovsky is in Vladimir Pris­ Lynn, George Novack of the Socialist Valentyn Moroz, a 38-year-old Ukrai­ on. Workers Party, Bogdan Denich of the nian historian, is the author of several Bukovsky helped to organize signifi­ Democratic Socialist Organizing Com­ powerful exposes of the bureaucratic cant public demonstrations in the mittee, Adrian Karatnycky of the regime in the USSR, and particularly 1960s protesting govemmental repres­ Committee for the Defense of Soviet of its Great Russian chauvinist policy sion of prominent writers and others. Political Prisoners, and Margrit of suppressing Ukrainian national Although his actions did not violate Wreschner of Amnesty Intemational. rights. Soviet law, he was arrested several The meeting will be held at St. For his courageous defiance of the· VLADIMIR BUKOVSKY: Jailed for times and spent most of his young Marks Church-Second Avenue ~nd official censors, he has spent all but exposing use of psychiatry for political adulthood in ~·special" psychiatric hos­ Tenth Street in Lower Manhattan­ nine months of the past 10 years repression. pitals as well as in ordinary prisons. and will begin at 7:30 p.m.

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 29 Dr. Morris Starsky, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., campaign. Weekly campaign meetings running of factories from their capital­ March 21, 8 p.m. 4635 El Cajon Blvd. Donation: _$1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call are held at 7:30p.m. on Wednesdays at ist owners and to call for the nationali­ (714) 280-1292. 90 Avenue Bin the Lower East Side. zation of industry, led thousands to take to the streets demanding jobs, and Calendar SAN FRANCISCO led peasants to seize the estates of big ATLANTA WHO RULES SAN FRANCISCO? Speaker: Socialist DEFEND WOMEN'S RIGHT TO ABORTION­ Workers Party candidate for mayor. Fri., March 21, landlords. DEFEND DR. EDELIN. Speakers: Maryanne 8 p.m. 1519 Mission St. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant The 200 families _that control an Rafferty, former coordinator of Women's National Labor Forum. For more information call (415) 864- .~.Portugal Abortion Action Coalition; Mary Moore, abortion 9174. estimated 75 percent of Portugal's counselor at Grady Hospital, Atlanta. Fri., March 21, Continued from back page wealth are not going to allow the 8 p.m. 68 Peachtree St., Third Floor. Donation: $1. TWIN CITIES key artillery barracks near Lisbon. workers and peasants to take over Ausp: Militant Bookstore Forum. For more BIG-TIME SPORTS: BIG-TIME RIP-OFF. Speaker: information call (404) 523-Q610. Gary Prevost, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., March But the attack failed, reported Uni't­ their land and factories without put­ 21, 8 p.m. 25 University Ave. S.E., Mpls. Donation: ed Press International, when the ting up violent resistance. $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call CLEVELAND rightists "failed to receive support The Armed Forces Movement has IRELAND IN REBELLION. Speakers: Cameron (612) 332-7781. Childress; Ernest Mailhot; Marguerite Snyder; from other units" of the armed forces. attempted to serve as an arbiter in this Nancy Stemmer. Fri., March 21, 8 p.m. 4420 WASHINGTON, D.C. The progovernment soldiers were LABOR AND THE ECONOMY. Speaker: Ray fundamental social conflict between Superior Ave. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. joined by civilians, who turned out to the workers and peasants on one side, For more information call (216) 391-5553. Markey, delegate, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees District Council help defend the assaulted artillery and the capitalists on the other. DETROIT 37. Fri., March 21, 8 p.m. 1345 ESt. N.W. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call .barracks and to surround the National However, the loyalty of these offiers, THE EDELIN CASE: ABORTION RIGHTS UNDER Guard headquarters in Lisbon. ATTACK. Speakers: Dr. Sam Lerman, activist in (202) 783-2391. trained in the bloody wars against abortion-rights movement; Claytee Artz, Socialist Washington Post correspondent Aco­ Portugal's African colonies, is to the Workers Party. Fri., March 21, 8 p.m. 3737 ca reported that after the revolt was capitalist system. Woodward. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call (313) 831-6135. crushed on March 11, "Thousands of This allegiance was reflected in the banner-waving, singing Portuguese new economic plan announced by the HOUSTON went into the streets here and at other government last month. The plan CAMBODIA: THE END OR THE BEGINNING OF U.S. INTERVENTION? Speaker to be announced. ... probe cities around the country tonight to "promised safeguards for private prop­ Fri., March 21, 8 p.m. 3311 Montrose. Donation: $1. celebrate the apparent victory." qontlnued from page 9 erty and free enterprise and vowed to Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call Spinola and his wife reportedly (713) 526-1082. FBI, CIA, Military Intelligence, and restore flagging business _confidence," the Chicago "red squad" to compel escaped to Spain in an army helicop­ reported the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES: WEST SIDE ter. UPI reported that "the Armed ROCKEFELLER FAMILY & ASSOCIATES. Panel them to testify about these activities. But the only way to enforce such discussion. Fri., March 21, 8 p.m. 230 Broadway, Also testifying will be Morris Stars­ Forces Movement had broadcast ap­ safeguards and "restore flagging busi­ Santa Monica. Donation: $1. Ausp: Westside peals to the population to look out for ness confidence" is to crush the up­ Militant Forum. For more information call (213) 394- ky, a socialist professor who was fired 9050. from his teaching position after a slan­ Spinola and other officers trying to flee surge of the workers and peasants who der campaign against him by the FBI. to Spain," which could serve as a are trying to defend their livelihood by NASHVILLE, TENN. rallying place for a new rightist coup attempting to put the factories and WHAT SOCIALISTS STAND FOR. Weekly classes Starsky will tour the Chicago area to in socialism. Tues., March 18, and Tues. March 25, help publicize the facts about govern­ attempt. land to use under their own control. 8 p.m. Room 203 Sarratt Student Center, Vanderbilt ment harassment of socialists. "The national television called on The major obstacle to the workers' University. Ausp: Socialist Workers Party 1976 the people to round up the government campaign and Young Socialist Alliance. For more Willie Mae Reid will also present tes­ and peasants' struggle has been the information call (615) 383-2583. timony, along with representatives of opponents," said the press service, treacherous misleadership of thl! Portu­ the Political Rights Defense Fund, "and broadcast the location of all guese Communist Party, which gives NEW YORK CITY prominent moderate and right-wing PEiiiA WITH QUILAPAYUN, INTERNATIONALLY which is gathering support for the uncritical support to the Armed Forces ACCLAIMED CHILEAN FOLK GROUP. Poetry, SWP's and YSA's federal court suit military officers and politicians. Movement. The CP has played the key dancing, empanadas, & wine, plus suppressed Ch. Although the rightist assault has role in convincing the workers to hold 13 TV documentary. March 22, 8 p.m. Casa de las against government spying and ha: Americas, 104 W. 14th St. (l;let. 6th & 7th). Donation: rassment. apparently been defeated by the Portu­ back on their demands in conformity $2 in advance, $2.50 at door. Tickets & info: Chile guese people, the social conflicts that with the program of the Armed Forces Solidarity Committee, Rm. 1001, 156 Fifth Ave. (20th St.), NYC 10010. Tel: 691-9025. have given rise to two coup attempts Movement to preserve capitalism. remain . The CP even supports the proposal OAKLAND/BERKELEY The continuing revolutionary mobili­ announced last month that the Armed SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY CHALLENGES ELECTION DISCLOS!JRE LAWS. Speakers: Carl ... Dist. 1 zation of the Portuguese masses is a Forces Movement be given permanent Finamore, SWP candidate for mayor of Berkeley; Continued from page 23. reaction to the crisis of the capitalist veto power over all government deci­ others to be announced. Fri., March 21, 8 p.m. 1849 is active with several day-care organi­ system itself in Portugal. Unemploy­ sions, even after the election of a University Ave., Berkeley. Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call (415) 548- zations. He is chairperson of the ment has grown as soldiers · demobi­ civilian government. 0354. Puerto Rican Association for Commu­ lized from the African wars join the The recent coup attempt confirmed nity Affairs, and a member of the PITTSBURGH labor force and as Portuguese immi­ again that there are only two roads BUKOVSKY AND THE MOVEMENT FOR SOVIETY Coalition for Human Housing. grant workers have been turned away open for the Portuguese people. Contin­ DEMOCRACY. Speakers: Jonathan Harris, •Janice Wong, a member of the from other European countries where ued reliance on the Armed Forces professor of political science, University of Pittsburgh; Thomas Twiss, graduate student in present community school board in unemployment is also a problem. Movement and concessions to the Russian studies, and member, Socialist Workers District 1. She is a member of the The inflation rate is 30 percent. capitalists and landlords will weaken Party. Fri., March 21, 8 p.m. 3400 Fifth Ave. (Fifth Asian Women's Group, has worked in When workers have won major wage the position of the masses. This can and Halket). Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more information call (412) 682-5019. the District 1 office, and is a member of increases through strike action, the only result in yet another, more ruth­ the Chinese Advisory Council in Dis­ capitalists have often declared they less rightist assault, as the experience ST. LOUIS trict 1. She has worked on Asian­ THE JOB CRISIS. Speakers: Betty Finneran, can't afford to pay and tried to shut in Chile showed. president, St. Louis Coalition of Labor Union American curriculum for the Chinese down the plant, further aggravating The only road forward is to extend Women; Nate Mosley, member, United Auto Historical Society of New York. the economic crisis. and deepen the mobilization of the Workers; Tom Moriarty, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., March 21, "8 p.m. 4660 Maryland, Suite 2. To win a majority on the nine­ Poor peasants are denied land to masses, to arm the workers and Donation: $1. Ausp: Militant Forum. For more member board, the Por los Niiios work while rich, absentee landlords. let peasants in preparation against a new information call (314) 367-2520. campaign must elect at least five of the huge tracts of land lie fallow. rightist attack, and to build a new SAN DIEGO 10 candidates. These are the problems that have led fight for a workers government and a FBI THREAT TO ACADEMIC FREEDOM. Speaker: Volunteers are needed to help in the thousands of workers to take over the socialist transformation of Portugal. Socialist Directory ARIZONA: Tucson: YSA, c/o Glennon, S.U.P.O. Tel: (404) 523-Q610. NEW JERSEY: New Brunswick: YSA, c/o Richard College, Edinboro, Pa. 16412. Box 20965, Tucson, Ariz. 85720. ILLINOIS: Champaign: YSA, Room 284 lllini Union, Ariza, 515 S. First Ave., Highland Park, N.J. Philadelphia: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and YSA, Urbana, Ill. 61801. 08904. Tel: (210) 828-4710. 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Market), 1849 University Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 94703. Tel: Chicago: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, 428 S. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Spencer Livingston, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. (415) 548-Q354. Wabash, Fifth Floor, Chicago, Ill. 60605. Tel: 317 State St., Albany, N.Y. 12210. Pittsburgh; SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Press, 3400 Fifth Los Angeles, Central-East SWP, YSA, Militant SWP-(312) 939-0737, YSA-(312) 427-0280, Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. Tel: (412) 682-5019. Bookstore, 710 S. Westlake Ave., Los Angeles, Pathfinder Books-(312) 939-0756. Willoughby), Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596- Shippensburg: YSA, c/o Mark Dressier, Box 214 Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) 483-1512. .. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities 2849. Lackhove Hall, Shippensburg State College, Los Angeles, West Side: SWP and YSA, 230 Desk, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. New York City: City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Shippensburg, Pa. 17257. Broadway, Santa Monica, Calif. 90401. Tel: (213) 47401. Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. State College: YSA, 333 Logan Ave. #401, State 394-9050. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Christopher Starr, 10003. Te.!: (212) 982-4966. College, Pa. 16801. Los Angeles: City-wide SWP and YSA, 710 S. West­ 3020 Iowa St., Apt. C-14, Lawrence, Kans. 66044. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, P.O. Box 67, Station lake Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90057. Tel: (213) Tel: (913) 864-3975 or 842-8658. 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, B, Nashville, Tenn. 37235. Tel: (615) 383-2583. 483-Q357. KENTUCKY: Louisville: YSA, Box 8026, Louisville, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982-6051; Merit Riverside: YSA, c/o U. of Cal. Campus Activities, Ky. 40208. Books (212) 982-5940. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, c/o Arnold Rodriguez, 901 234 Commons, Riverside, Calif. 92507. MARYLAND: BaiUmore: YSA, P.O. Box 4314, Ossining: YSA, c/o Scott Cooper, 127-1 S. Highland Morrow, Apt. 303, Austin, Tex. 78757. Sacramento: YSA, c/o Marlene Metcalf, P.O. Box Baltimore, Md. 21223. Tel: (301) 247-8911. Ave... Ossining, N.Y. 10562. Dallas: YSA, c/o Steve Charles, 3420 Hidalgo #201, 2061, Sacramento, Calif. 95810. MASSACHUSETTS: Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Upper West Side: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Bookstore, Dallas, Tex. 75220. Tel: (214) 352-6031. San Diego: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 4635 Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Third 2726 Broadway (104th St.), New York, N.Y. 10025. Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 El Cajon Blvd., San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482- Tel: (212) 663-3000. Montrose, Houston, Tex. 77006. Tel: (713) 526- 280-1292. 8050, YSA-(617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists 1082. San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, Speakers' Bureau (IASB) and Regional NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill: YSA, c/o Susan San Antonio: YSA, c/o Andy Gonzalez, 2203 W. . and Militant Books, 1519 Mission St., San Committee-(617) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books­ Love, 924 James, Chapel HiH, N.C. 27514. Tel: Houston, San Antonio, Tex. 78207 . Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: SWP-(415) 431- (617) 338-8560. (919) 933-4902. UTAH: Logan: YSA, P.O. Box 1233, Utah State 8918; YSA-(415) 863-2285; Militant Books-(415) Worcester: YSA, Box 229, Greendale Station, Greenville: YSA, P.O. Box 1693, Greenville, N.C. University, Logan, Utah 84321. 864-9174. Worcester, Mass. 01606. 27834. Tel: (919) 752-6439. WASHINGTON, D .. C.: SWP, YSA, Militant Book­ San Jose: YSA, 96 S. 17th St., San Jose, Calif. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, Room 4103, Mich. OHIO: Bowling Green: YSA, P.O. Box 27, University store, 1345 E St. N.W., Fourth Floor, Wash., D.C. 95112. Tel: (408) 286-Q615. Union, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. Hall, Bowling Green State University, Bowling 20004. Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) Santa Barbara: YSA, P.O. Box 14606, UCSB, Santa 48104. Tel: (313) 663-8766. Green, Ohio 45341 783-2363. Barbara, Calif. 93107. Detroit SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32084, WASHINGTON: Bellingham: YSA and Young So­ Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) Cincinnati, Ohio 45232. Tel: (513) 24i-9043. cialist Books, Rm. 213, Viking Union, Western COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant TE1-6135. Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Wa!lhington State College, Bellingham, Wash. Bookstore, 1203 California, Denver, Colo. 80204. East Lansing: YSA, Second Floor Offices, Union Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Tel: SWP-(216) 391- 98225. Tel: (206) 676-3460. Tel: SWP-(303) 623-2825, YSA-(303) 266-9431. Bldg. Michigan State University, East Lansing, 5553. YSA-(216) 391-3278. Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5623 Greeley: YSA, c/o Barbara Jaeger, 712 15th Ave. Mich. 48823. Columbus: YSA, c/o Margaret Van Epp, 670 University Way N.E., Seattle, Wash. 98105. Tel: Court, Greeley, Colo. 80631. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Paul: SWP, YSA, Cuyahoga Ct., Columbus, Ohio 43210. Tel: (614) (206) 522-7800. . FLORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, P.O. Box U-6350, Labor Bookstore, 25 University Ave. S.E., Mpls., 268-7860. .WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, 801 E Eagle Hts., Tallahassee, Fla. 32313. Minn. 55414. Tel: (612) 332-7781. OREGON: Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S.W. Stark, Madison, Wis. 53705. Tel: (608) 238-6224. GEORGIA: AUanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peach­ MISSOURI: St. Louis: SWP, YSA, Pathfinder Books, Fifth Floor, Portland, Ore. 97204. Tel: (503) 226- Milwaukee: YSA, UW-Milwaukee Union Box 139, tree St., N.E., Third Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. 4460 Maryland, Suite 2, St. Louis, Mo. 63108. Tel: 2715. Rm. E-382, Milwaukee, Wis. 53201. Tel: (414) 936- SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. 30301. (314) 367-2520. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State 5551. 3Q LOS ANGELES------Help sell Socialist campaign The dinner and program SATURDAY, MARCH 22. Socialist Workers Party campaign buffet dinner and program. Speakers: ED HEISLER, co~airperson of SWP 1976 National Campaign Committee; CATHERINE HINDS, SWP candidate for community Militant college board of trustees; WILLY PETTY and KATHLEEN O'NAN, SWP candidate~ for L.A. school board. Refreshments and dinner, 6 p.m.; program, 8 p.m. 710 S. WESTLAKE AVE., LOS ANGELES. Donation, $5 for dinner and program ($2.50 for high school students), $1 for program only. The socialist For more information call (213) 483-1512.

newsweekly PH ILA DELPH lA------.

Join Tne Militant's sales campaign by taking a regular bundle to sell on your campus, at your job, or in your neighborhood. The cost is 17 cents per cop.y, arid we will bill you at the end of each month. Send me a bundle of__ _ Socialist campaign I want to take a weekly sales goal of ___ banquet and rally Name ______J"\ddress ------SATURDAY, MARCH 22. Socialist Workers Party campaign banquet and City State _____.c...ip ___ rally. Speakers: TERRY ANN HARDY, SWP candidate for mayor; NORMAN OLIVER, SWP candidate for mayor of Boston. Refreshments, 6 p.m.; The Militant Business Office, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. banquet, 7 p.m.; rally, 8 p.m. 1004 FILBERT ST. (one block north of Market). Donation: $5 for banquet and rally, $1.50 for rally only. For more information call (215) WA 5-4316.

HOW THE UNIONS CAN MILWAUKEE------IGHT BACK Wisconsin socialist AND WIN educational conference FRIDAY, MARCH 21, 8 P.M. SCHOOL DESEGREGATION IN MILWAU­ KEE AND BOSTON. Speakers: WILLIE MAE REID, Socialist Workers Party 1976 vice-presidential candidate; AJENE TOOLA KAMBON, member of Milwaukee SWP.

SATURDAY, MARCH 22. Two classes on Milwaukee's radical history and traditions. 11 a.m., EARLY RADICAL HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE. Speaker: . . . BOB SCHWARZ, Milwaukee SWP organizer. 2 p.m., RECENT RADICAL HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE. Speaker, DELPFINE WELCH, national commit­ Teamster Rebellion tee member of Young Socialist Alliance. 207 E. MICHIGAN ST., ROOM 25. by Farrell Dobbs. "Most readers will be fascinated with this insider's vivid account of these strikes which captured the at­ tention of the nation and significantly influenced the course Socialist campaign rally of American working class history."- The Minneapolis Tribune. SATURDAY, MARCH 22. SOCIALIST CAMPAIGN RALLY. Speaker: A "clear explication of the method used to mobilize, strikers PETER CAMEJO, SWP 1976 presidential candidate. 6 p.m., refreshments; 8 and allies, the dynamics of the changing union tactics; and p.m., rally; 9:30p.m., party. 207 E. MICHIGAN ST., ROOM 25.Donation: $5 descriptions of the attitudes of the rank and file and their for entire weekend, $2.50 for conference or rally only. Ausp: Wisconsin Socialist Workers Campaign Committee. For more information call (414) opponents at various junctures."- Labor History. 192 pp., 963-5551. $6.95; paper $2.45 Teamster Power by Farrell Dobbs. "Dobbs' Trotskyist views pervade this book Read the as they did his thinking in the 1930s, when he was widely respected as an expert union strategist and negotiator. His Young capabilities are reflected in his writing, which is character­ ized by a sensitivity to the dynamics of class conflict. Teamster Power is a vivid and persuasive book."- Labor History. Socialist 256 pp., $8.95, paper $2.95 American Labor Struggles Join the by Samuel Yellen. Recaptured here are ten major confronta­ tions between laboring men and women and the owners Young of America's mines, mills, railroads, and ships-from the rail­ road uprrsings of 1877 to the 1934 San Francisco general Socialist strike. 416 pp., paper $3.95 Alliance Labor's Giant Step: Members ot the Young Socialist Alliance ore fighters in the struggle against roc­ ism in Boston, campus and high school struggles, the womens liberation move­ ment, the fight of Chicanos to end racist deportations, and other movements for Twenty Years of the CIO social change. Join us! by Art Preis. A comprehensive history of working class mili­ _I would like more information about the YSA tancy and the rise of industrial unionism in the United States. _ I wont to join the YSA _Enclosed is $1 for 6 months of the Young Socialist Newspaper 538 pp., $14.00, paper $3.95 Nome:------Available frpm the bookstores listed in the Socialist Directory o~he facing page Address: ______or by moil from: Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West St., New Yo~~.Y. 10014. City, State, Zip& Phone: ______Write for a complete catalog of books and pamphlets. YSA, P. 0. Box 471, Cooper Station, N.Y., N.Y. 10003

THE MILITANT/MARCH 21, 1975 THE· MILITANT Ford fears 'embarrassment'

a new cover-u

By Cindy Jaquith bean branch in headquarters at the WASHINGTON-The CIA was di­ time and was deeply involved in rectly involved in several attempts to planning the assassination, which was assassinate at least five heads of done 'by Cuban exiles from Miami governments, including Fidel Castro using weapons we sent through the and Congolese revolutionary Patrice diplomatic pouch," writes Agee. Lumumba, in the early 1960s. • Patrice Lumumba, Congolese rebel Three of the plots were revealed Feb. leader, murdered in February 1961. 28 by CBS correspondent Daniel ". . . the agency reportedly acknow­ Schorr. Schorr reported that President ledged," says the Post, "that an Ford fears that any investigation of assassination of the left-oriented lead­ the agency that goes "too far" will er was discussed in some agency uncover the CIA's role in the political circles, but no action was taken.... " terrorism. However, in The CIA and the Cult of Ford is said to have told associates Intelligence, former CIA official Victor that if the truth comes out, "this would Marchetti indicates that the CIA was embarrass the government and dam­ heavily involved in every aspect of the age relations with at least one foreign counterrevolutionary war to keep the country." · Congo in imperialist chains. When questioned directly about the "[CIA] operators regularly bought assassination plot stories at his March and sold Congolese politicians," he 6 news conference, Ford confirmed writes, "and the agency supplied that he had received a "full report" money and arms to the supporters of from CIA Director William Colby on Cyril Adoula and Joseph Mobutu "such actions that might have taken [enemies of Lumumba]. By 1964, the place. beginning back in the 1960s." CIA had imported its own mercenaries But Ford refused to provide the details into the Congo, and the agency's B-26 of Colby's report. bombers, flown by Cuban exile pilots­ Nevertheless, the March 6 Washing­ Fidel Castro (left), and Congolese leader Patrice Lumumba just before his murder in many of whom were Bay of Pigs ton Post had· already revealed that the 1960. veterans-were carrying out regular CIA "is concerned that current investi­ missions against insurgent groups." gations may pursue the alleged in­ trying to kill Castro. The U.S. govern­ Dominican Republic, assassinated in In addition, the March 2 New York volvement of the agency in three ment denied the charges. But recent May 1961. In his book Inside the Times reports that CIA officials have assassination plots": news stories from a variety of sources Company, ex-agent Philip Agee says admitted that the agency knew of • Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel indicate that Castro was in fact the he was told by former CIA official Ned plans to assassinate South Vietnamese Castro. The Post notes that several target of at least six assassination Holman that the CIA helped kill Tru­ dictator Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963 and times during those years the Cuban attempts (see box on page 25). jillo. that the agency's position was, "Let's government charged that the CIA was • Rafael Trujillo, dictator of the "[Holman] was chief of the Carib- Continued on page 25 Portuguese accuse CIA in coup By Caroline Lund deepening of the revolutionary up­ ed more about Carlucci's orders from involved" in the revolt by the Portu­ Portugal's military regime has faced surge in Portugal-would create "intol­ Washington. His assignment to Lisbon guese rightists. But this was Washing­ its second right-wing coup attempt in erable dangers." A deepening of the coincided with a grant of U.S. aid "as ton's response in regard to the coup in seven months-this one more serious revolution in Portugal, the Times a way of showing support for Portu­ Chile as well. than the last. The immediate assump­ warned, would "encourage a similar guese Democracy," reported Times tion in many quarters was that the trend in Italy and France; create correspondent Henry Giniger. "Mr. Mass response U.S. government was in some way problems in Greece and Turkey; affect Carlucci said one of his major tasks The masses of Portuguese citizens behind the plot. the succession in Spain and Yugoslav­ would be to put this aid into concrete and rank-and-file soldiers immediately "Down with the CIA!" was the chant ia and send tremors throughout West­ form." mobilized to block the rightist threat. of crowds of Portuguese citizens who em Europe." The determined mass opposition to the spontaneously demonstrated at the At a news conference in Lisbon to CIA in Chile rightist attempts to overthrow the U.S. Embassy in Lisbon in the wake of announce the defeat of. the coup This use of U.S. funds to support so­ current government gives the lie to the rightist revolt. attempt March 11, Brigadier General called democratic forces was the same U.S. claims that the majority of people Mass distrust of the U.S. role 1n Otelo de Carvalho stated that U.S. explanation used by the CIA in Chile do not support the revolutionary pro­ Portugal was heightened by the revela­ Ambassador Frank Carlucci "had to-finance the campaign of economic cess set in motion with the fall of the · tions last fall of CIA backing for the better leave" Portugal "after what sabotage and rightist mobilizations Salazarist dictatorship last April. 1973 right-wing coup in Chile. Secre­ happened today." that led up to the 1973 bloodbath and The attempted coup, led by rightist tary of State Henry Kissinger has Carlucci has been charged with the coming to power of the butchers general Ant6nio de Spinola, went openly made it known that Washing­ participation in CIA plots in Africa who now rule Chile. further than the general's attempt at a ton sees the popular upsurge in Portu­ and Brazil. His. assignment to Lisbon In warning Carlucci to leave Portu­ rightist mobilization last September. gal as a threat to Washington's inter­ early this year was reportedly prompt­ gal, Carvalho noted that since the new According to initial news dispatches ests and encouragement to workers ed by Kissinger's opinion that the •ambassador's arrival, Portugal has from Lisbon, personnel at four bases movements elsewhere in Europe. previous ambassador, Stuart Nash faced new economic and political diffi­ were involved in the plot, in addition to In an open invitation to a coup the Scott, was "not concerned enough culties. members of the National Republican New York Times, a powerful voice of about growing leftist influence in A U.S. State Department representa­ Guard in Lisbon. Rightist paratroopers U.S. imperialism, wrote in an editorial Portugal," according to Washington tive "categorically denied that the and air force units seized the Lisbon Feb. 17 that a "forcible Communist Post correspondent Miguel Acoca. United States Embassy or the United airport and surrounded and bombed a takeover" -by which they mean a The Jan. 20 New Yark Times indicat· States government was in any way Continued on page 30