Language Constructs for Safe Parallel Programming on Multi- Cores
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Benchmarking Implementations of Functional Languages with ‘Pseudoknot’, a Float-Intensive Benchmark
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1996 Benchmarking implementations of functional languages with ‘Pseudoknot’, a float-intensive benchmark Hartel, Pieter H ; Feeley, Marc ; et al Abstract: Over 25 implementations of different functional languages are benchmarked using the same program, a floating-point intensive application taken from molecular biology. The principal aspects studied are compile time and execution time for the various implementations that were benchmarked. An important consideration is how the program can be modified and tuned to obtain maximal performance on each language implementation. With few exceptions, the compilers take a significant amount of time to compile this program, though most compilers were faster than the then current GNU C compiler (GCC version 2.5.8). Compilers that generate C or Lisp are often slower than those that generate native code directly: the cost of compiling the intermediate form is normally a large fraction of the total compilation time. There is no clear distinction between the runtime performance of eager and lazy implementations when appropriate annotations are used: lazy implementations have clearly come of age when it comes to implementing largely strict applications, such as the Pseudoknot program. The speed of C can be approached by some implementations, but to achieve this performance, special measures such as strictness annotations are required by non-strict implementations. The benchmark results have to be interpreted with care. Firstly, a benchmark based on a single program cannot cover a wide spectrum of ‘typical’ applications. Secondly, the compilers vary in the kind and level of optimisations offered, so the effort required to obtain an optimal version of the program is similarly varied. -
A Scheme Foreign Function Interface to Javascript Based on an Infix
A Scheme Foreign Function Interface to JavaScript Based on an Infix Extension Marc-André Bélanger Marc Feeley Université de Montréal Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec, Canada Montréal, Québec, Canada [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT FFIs are notoriously implementation-dependent and code This paper presents a JavaScript Foreign Function Inter- using a given FFI is usually not portable. Consequently, face for a Scheme implementation hosted on JavaScript and the nature of FFI’s reflects a particular set of choices made supporting threads. In order to be as convenient as possible by the language’s implementers. This makes FFIs usually the foreign code is expressed using infix syntax, the type more difficult to learn than the base language, imposing conversions between Scheme and JavaScript are mostly im- implementation constraints to the programmer. In effect, plicit, and calls can both be done from Scheme to JavaScript proficiency in a particular FFI is often not a transferable and the other way around. Our approach takes advantage of skill. JavaScript’s dynamic nature and its support for asynchronous In general FFIs tightly couple the underlying low level functions. This allows concurrent activities to be expressed data representation to the higher level interface provided to in a direct style in Scheme using threads. The paper goes the programmer. This is especially true of FFIs for statically over the design and implementation of our approach in the typed languages such as C, where to construct the proper Gambit Scheme system. Examples are given to illustrate its interface code the FFI must know the type of all data passed use. -
The Evolution of Lisp
1 The Evolution of Lisp Guy L. Steele Jr. Richard P. Gabriel Thinking Machines Corporation Lucid, Inc. 245 First Street 707 Laurel Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 Menlo Park, California 94025 Phone: (617) 234-2860 Phone: (415) 329-8400 FAX: (617) 243-4444 FAX: (415) 329-8480 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Lisp is the world’s greatest programming language—or so its proponents think. The structure of Lisp makes it easy to extend the language or even to implement entirely new dialects without starting from scratch. Overall, the evolution of Lisp has been guided more by institutional rivalry, one-upsmanship, and the glee born of technical cleverness that is characteristic of the “hacker culture” than by sober assessments of technical requirements. Nevertheless this process has eventually produced both an industrial- strength programming language, messy but powerful, and a technically pure dialect, small but powerful, that is suitable for use by programming-language theoreticians. We pick up where McCarthy’s paper in the first HOPL conference left off. We trace the development chronologically from the era of the PDP-6, through the heyday of Interlisp and MacLisp, past the ascension and decline of special purpose Lisp machines, to the present era of standardization activities. We then examine the technical evolution of a few representative language features, including both some notable successes and some notable failures, that illuminate design issues that distinguish Lisp from other programming languages. We also discuss the use of Lisp as a laboratory for designing other programming languages. We conclude with some reflections on the forces that have driven the evolution of Lisp. -
Tousimojarad, Ashkan (2016) GPRM: a High Performance Programming Framework for Manycore Processors. Phd Thesis
Tousimojarad, Ashkan (2016) GPRM: a high performance programming framework for manycore processors. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7312/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] GPRM: A HIGH PERFORMANCE PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK FOR MANYCORE PROCESSORS ASHKAN TOUSIMOJARAD SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy SCHOOL OF COMPUTING SCIENCE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW NOVEMBER 2015 c ASHKAN TOUSIMOJARAD Abstract Processors with large numbers of cores are becoming commonplace. In order to utilise the available resources in such systems, the programming paradigm has to move towards in- creased parallelism. However, increased parallelism does not necessarily lead to better per- formance. Parallel programming models have to provide not only flexible ways of defining parallel tasks, but also efficient methods to manage the created tasks. Moreover, in a general- purpose system, applications residing in the system compete for the shared resources. Thread and task scheduling in such a multiprogrammed multithreaded environment is a significant challenge. In this thesis, we introduce a new task-based parallel reduction model, called the Glasgow Parallel Reduction Machine (GPRM). -
Ambient-Oriented Programming in Fractal
Ambient-Oriented Programming in Fractal AleˇsPlˇsek, Philippe Merle and Lionel Seinturier Project ADAM LIFL, INRIA-Futurs, Universit´edes Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), FRANCE, { plsek | merle | seinturi }@lifl.fr Abstract. Ambient-Oriented Programming (AmOP) comprises a suite of challenges that are hard to meet by current software development techniques. Although Component-Oriented Programming (COP) repre- sents promising approach, the state-of-the-art component models do not provide sufficient adaptability towards specific constraints of the Ambi- ent field. In this position paper we argue that merging AmOP and COP can be achieved by introducing the Fractal component model and its new feature : Component-Based Controlling Membranes. The proposed solution allows dynamical adaptation of component systems towards the challenges of the Ambient world. 1 Introduction Ambient-Oriented Programming (AmOP) [1] as a new trend in software devel- opment comprises a suite of challenges which are yet to be addressed fully. So far, only a few solutions facing the obstacles of ambient programming have been developed. In this paper we focus on AmbientTalk [1] since in our opinion it represents one of the most sophisticated solutions. Although AmbientTalk conceptually proposes a way to implement applica- tions for the ambient environment, this is achieved by defining a new program- ming language. Consequently, AmbientTalk potentially introduces a steep learn- ing curve for the developers. From this point of view, it is reasonable to search for an approach which uses well-known techniques and is powerful enough to face the obstacles of ambient programming. We believe that these requirements can be met by the introduction of Component-Based Software Engineering techniques. -
Part: an Asynchronous Parallel Abstraction for Speculative Pipeline Computations Kiko Fernandez-Reyes, Dave Clarke, Daniel Mccain
ParT: An Asynchronous Parallel Abstraction for Speculative Pipeline Computations Kiko Fernandez-Reyes, Dave Clarke, Daniel Mccain To cite this version: Kiko Fernandez-Reyes, Dave Clarke, Daniel Mccain. ParT: An Asynchronous Parallel Abstraction for Speculative Pipeline Computations. 18th International Conference on Coordination Languages and Models (COORDINATION), Jun 2016, Heraklion, Greece. pp.101-120, 10.1007/978-3-319-39519- 7_7. hal-01631723 HAL Id: hal-01631723 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01631723 Submitted on 9 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ParT: An Asynchronous Parallel Abstraction for Speculative Pipeline Computations? Kiko Fernandez-Reyes, Dave Clarke, and Daniel S. McCain Department of Information Technology Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Abstract. The ubiquity of multicore computers has forced program- ming language designers to rethink how languages express parallelism and concurrency. This has resulted in new language constructs and new com- binations or revisions of existing constructs. In this line, we extended the programming languages Encore (actor-based), and Clojure (functional) with an asynchronous parallel abstraction called ParT, a data structure that can dually be seen as a collection of asynchronous values (integrat- ing with futures) or a handle to a parallel computation, plus a collection of combinators for manipulating the data structure. -
The Butterfly(TM) Lisp System
From: AAAI-86 Proceedings. Copyright ©1986, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. The Butterfly TMLisp System Seth A. Steinberg Don Allen Laura B agnall Curtis Scott Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. 10 Moulton Street Cambridge, MA 02238 ABSTRACT Under DARPA sponsorship, BBN is developing a parallel symbolic programming environment for the Butterfly, based This paper describes the Common Lisp system that BBN is on an extended version of the Common Lisp language. The developing for its ButterflyTM multiprocessor. The BBN implementation of Butterfly Lisp is derived from C Scheme, ButterflyTM is a shared memory multiprocessor which may written at MIT by members of the Scheme Team.4 The contain up to 256 processor nodes. The system provides a simplicity and power of Scheme make it particularly suitable shared heap, parallel garbage collector, and window based as a testbed for exploring the issues of parallel execution, as I/Osystem. The future constructis used to specify well as a good implementation language for Common Lisp. parallelism. The MIT Multilisp work of Professor Robert Halstead and THE BUTTERFLYTM LISP SYSTEM students has had a significant influence on our approach. For example, the future construct, Butterfly Lisp’s primary For several decades, driven by industrial, military and mechanism for obtaining concurrency, was devised and first experimental demands, numeric algorithms have required implemented by the Multilisp group. Our experience porting increasing quantities of computational power. Symbolic MultiLisp to the Butterfly illuminated many of the problems algorithms were laboratory curiosities; widespread demand of developing a Lisp system that runs efficiently on both for symbolic computing power lagged until recently. -
Ambient-Oriented Programming in Ambienttalk
Ambient-Oriented Programming in AmbientTalk Jessie Dedecker?, Tom Van Cutsem?, Stijn Mostinckx??, Theo D’Hondt, and Wolfgang De Meuter jededeck | tvcutsem | smostinc | tjdhondt | [email protected] Programming Technology Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Abstract. A new field in distributed computing, called Ambient Intel- ligence, has emerged as a consequence of the increasing availability of wireless devices and the mobile networks they induce. Developing soft- ware for mobile networks is extremely hard in conventional programming languages because the network is dynamically demarcated. This leads us to postulate a suite of characteristics of future Ambient-Oriented Pro- gramming languages. A simple reflective programming language, called AmbientTalk, that meets the characteristics is presented. It is validated by implementing a collection of high level language features that are used in the implementation of an ambient messenger application . 1 Introduction Software development for mobile devices is given a new impetus with the advent of mobile networks. Mobile networks surround a mobile device equipped with wireless technology and are demarcated dynamically as users move about. Mo- bile networks turn isolated applications into cooperative ones that interact with their environment. This vision of ubiquitous computing, originally described by Weiser [38], has recently been termed Ambient Intelligence (AmI for short) by the European Council’s IST Advisory Group [12]. Mobile networks that surround a device have several properties that distin- guish them from other types of networks. The most important ones are that connections are volatile (because the communication range of wireless technol- ogy is limited) and that the network is open (because devices can appear and disappear unheraldedly). -
Graph Reduction Without Pointers
Graph Reduction Without Pointers TR89-045 December, 1989 William Daniel Partain The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Computer Science ! I CB#3175, Sitterson Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3175 UNC is an Equal Opportunity/Aflirmative Action Institution. Graph Reduction Without Pointers by William Daniel Partain A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Computer Science. Chapel Hill, 1989 Approved by: Jfn F. Prins, reader ~ ~<---( CJ)~ ~ ;=tfJ\ Donald F. Stanat, reader @1989 William D. Partain ALL RIGHTS RESERVED II WILLIAM DANIEL PARTAIN. Graph Reduction Without Pointers (Under the direction of Gyula A. Mag6.) Abstract Graph reduction is one way to overcome the exponential space blow-ups that simple normal-order evaluation of the lambda-calculus is likely to suf fer. The lambda-calculus underlies lazy functional programming languages, which offer hope for improved programmer productivity based on stronger mathematical underpinnings. Because functional languages seem well-suited to highly-parallel machine implementations, graph reduction is often chosen as the basis for these machines' designs. Inherent to graph reduction is a commonly-accessible store holding nodes referenced through "pointers," unique global identifiers; graph operations cannot guarantee that nodes directly connected in the graph will be in nearby store locations. This absence of locality is inimical to parallel computers, which prefer isolated pieces of hardware working on self-contained parts of a program. In this dissertation, I develop an alternate reduction system using "sus pensions" (delayed substitutions), with terms represented as trees and vari ables by their binding indices (de Bruijn numbers). -