DOCSLIB.ORG

Documenting Some Species of Bats in the Central and Coastal Regions of Syria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

International Journal of Scientific Research in ___________________________ Research Paper . Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.66-71, February (2020) E-ISSN: 2347-7520 Documenting Some Species of Bats in the Central and Coastal Regions of Syria Yara Al- Ramadan1*, Nahla Ibrahim2, Anouar Al- Omar3 1,2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaath University, Homs, Syria *Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.: +0963-031-2624733 Available online at: www.isroset.org Received: 28/Jan/2020, Accepted: 07/Feb/2020, Online: 28/Feb/2020 Abstract— We have studied and documented Six Species of bats in the central region of Syria (Eastern, and Western Homs countrysides) and some areas of the Syrian coastal region (Draykish, Safita and Ash Shaykh Badr).These Species are: Roussettus aegyptiacus, Myotis myotis, Myotis blythii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus savii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. The Species Pipi strellus savii has been recorded for Syria for the first time in Slanfah – Lattakia on 2/10/2018. Pipistrellus kuhlii has been recorded in Sukkarah (eastern Homs countryside) on 16/7/2017 and Ash Shaykh Badr (Tartus) on 19/8/2017, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum has been recorded in Fajlit (Draykish) on 30/9/2017 and Al- Zahabiya (Shin district west Homs countryside) on 1/8/2017. Myotis myotis, Roussettus aegyptiacus have been recorded in in Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr Sanif (Safita – Tartus) on 5/10/2017 and on 14/7/2018, Myotis plythy has been recorded Which Myotis myotis, Roussettus aegyptiacus in same cave on 14/7/2018, the morphometric measurements of these Species have been taken and classified and compared with previous studies in Syria and Egypt. Keywords—Roussettus aegyptiacus; Myotis myotis; Myotis blythii; Pipistrellus kuhlii; Pipistrellus savii; classification. I. INTRODUCTION Harrison also recorded a single species of P. kuhlii in Damascus 1964 [4]. Bats belong to Eutherians its a vertebrates with hair and mammary glands, which produce milk for nursing their The first recording of Hemprichii otonycteris was in young [1] and it’s only mammals capable of flying and Alkariaten by Harrison and Atallah representing about 20% of Syrian mammals, which has a And they recorded Asellia tridens for the first time in total of 125 species [2]. They play an important role in the Syria [7]. environmental balance especially in insect populations. A single Pipistrelle can consume up to 3,000 insects in per Shehab et al (2007) recorded five species of bats in the night [2]. Fruit bats (Megachiroptera) play an important Euphrates basin: (T.udiventris, M. capaccinii, E. bottaei, role in seed dispersion and the process of Pollination, The P. kuhlii, and O. hemprichii) [5]. guano is a natural fertilizer that is not harmful to the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum was found in Jordan together environment [3]. with R.euryale in 1991, Rhinopoma microphyllum in 1994 and Asellia tridens in 1991[4]. 27 species of bats were recorded in Syria belonging to 8 Studies between the years 1992-1996 refer to several families and 15 genus: Pteropodida, Rhinolophidae, recordings of Pipistrellus kuhli, Plecotus austriacus and Emballonunidae, Nycteridae, Hipposideridae, Tadarida teniotis species in Jordan by Qumsiye and AL- Vespertolionidae, Molossidae and Rhinopomatidae [4]. Oran [8]. Where Shehab et al [5], recorded Twenty-three species of bats in Syria, belonging to twelve genera and six families. II. METHODOLOGY Trouessart and Kollmann (1923) recorded four species (Rhinolophus euryale, Myotis myotis, Pipistrellus kuhlii, 6 species of bats were collected from the central and Plecotus auritus) in southwestern Syria [7]. coastal regions of Syria: (1) Roussettus aegyptiacus. Two species (Myotis myotis, M. blythii) were recorded in (2) Myotis myotis. the Golan Heights by Aharoni (1930), and studied for the (3) Myotis blythii. second time by Spitzenberger between (1979- 1996) who (4) Pipistrellus kuhlii. added a new record of M. blythii in the Golan Heights (5) Pipistrellus savii. [14]. (6) Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. © 2020, IJSRBS All Rights Reserved 66 Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.1, Feb 2020 The morphometric measurements of the bats were Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr 5/10/2017 Myotis myotis recorded, specimens were preserved in formaldehyde 10%. Sanif - Safita – Tartus 14/7/2018 The netting is available in two grades--structural, with a Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr Myotis blythii 14/7/2018 diagonal hole opening of 1.6 cm (5/8 in), and is somewhat Sanif - Safita – Tartus stiffer than standard, or with a diagonal opening of 2.4 cm Sukkarah - eastern Homs 16/7/2017 (15/16 in) [9]. The netting were placed in the bats flying Pipistrellus kuhlii countryside 19/8/2017 pathway in caves or feeding areas. After obtaining the Ash Shaykh Badr -Tartus specimens morphometric measurements, place and date of Pipistrellus savii Slanfah – Lattakia 2/10/2018 collection were documented. Al-Zahabiya Western homs 1/8/2017 Rh.ferrumequinum countryside 30/9/2017 Morphometric measurements were recorded, shape of the Fajlit - Draykish ears, nose, the presence or absence of the tragus and the membrane between legs and tail, arm length, head and body, wingspan [6],[ 5],[ 10], [11]. Tools used: Digital Camera, and Piacoles. This research was carried out in the laboratories of Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University. Shortcuts: TL: Total length, HB: head and body length, TaL: tail length, HF: hind foot length, E: ear length, Wsp = wingspan, FA: forearm length, Tra: Tragus, Nll: Length of nose leaf, Nlw: width of nose leaf. [13], [6]. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1. Records of studied spices: 1- Fajlit - Draykish Pipistrellus kuhlii has been recorded in Sukkarah (eastern (Rh.ferrumequinum),2- Al-Zahabiya Western Homs countryside Homs countryside) on 16/7/2017 and Ash Shaykh Badr (Rh.ferrumequinum), 3- Ash Shaykh Badr - Tartus (Pipistrellus Tartus on 19/8/2017. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum has kuhlii), 4- Sukkarah - eastern Homs countryside (Pipistrellus been recorded in Al-Zahabiya (Shin district west Homs kuhlii), 5- Slanfah – Lattakia (Pipistrellus savii), 6- Al-Dawwar countryside) on 1/8/2017 and Fajlit (Draykish) on cave - Kafr Sanif - Safita – Tartus (R.aegyptiacus, Myotis 30/9/2017. Myotis myotis, Roussettus aegyptiacus and myotis, Myotis blythii). have been recorded on 5/10/2017 and have been recorded for the second time on 14/7/2018 with Myotis blythii in Roussettus aegyptiacus - Egyptian fruit bat Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr Sanif (Safita – Tartus), (E.Geoffroy, 1810): Pipistrellus savii has been recorded for the first time for A colony of Roussettus aegyptiacus was recorded in Syria in Slanfah - Lattakia on 2/10/2018 as shown in Table Tartus – Safita - Kafr Sanif - Al-Dawwar cave on 1 and Figure 1. 5/10/2017 and on 14/7/2018 (wet area). The cave is located far away from the inhibited areas, near water Roussettus aegyptiacus was not found during a tour to Al- stream. The cave entrance is high from the ground, which Husn - Talkalakh, western Homs on 20-22/8/2017, provides more protection for the animals, where the although local people confirmed its existence. rainwater leaks into the cave in winter, which provides the necessary moisture. No species were documented during the tour in Birat Al- Jurd - Masyaf, western Hama countryside, Al-Durra cave The fruit bat can be easily identified due to its large size on E22-25/9/2017. and distinctive head shape. The ears are large and separate, The most important results of this research is the there is no tragus, the mouth is large and wide, the upper documentation of the locations of these species and a new and upper jaws are large, the teeth are smooth, the eyes are record for Syria of Pipistrellus savii in Slanfah. - Lattakia large As shown in Figure 2, there is no membrane between 2/10/2017. the legs, The wings are large and wide, The species has a strong muscles for chest and arms (after dissecting a Table 1. The studied specimens (place and date of collection) specimen). date of Species Location collection Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr 5/10/2017 R.aegyptiacus Sanif - Safita – Tartus 14/7/2018 © 2020, IJSRBS All Rights Reserved 67 Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.1, Feb 2020 Figure 2. The ears, teeth, nose, and thick hair on the neck in males of R.aegyptiacus. Figure 3. The tapered teeth, ears, tragus of Myotis myotis Table 2 shows the morphometric measurements of 7 Table 3. Morphometric measurements of Myotis myotis (Kafr Sanaif, specimens of Roussettus aegyptiacus in (mm) and weight Safita, 2017) is estimated in (mm) and weight is estimated in grams and compared to previous studies in Syria. in grams, compared with previous studies in Syria and se weig Egypt. The results showed that the weight of females were Wsp HB Tal HF E Tra FA higher than in males. The results were consistent with the x ht TL studies of Shehab, 2007 in Syria [2], with a slight 5008 400 117 53 15 26 7 62 difference in weight, mostly due to that the specimens in ♂ 24.2 65 Shehab study were mostly females. The results were also 5009 120 50 12 23 7 60 consistent with Gaisler, 1972 in Egypt [12]. ♂ 22.9 72 5010 410 120 50 18 25 8 63 Table 2. Morphometric measurements of Roussettus aegyptiacus (Kafr ♀ 23.9 72 Sanif, Safita, 2017) in (mm) and weight in grams compared to previous 5011 420 123 56 18 22 12 70 studies in Syria and Egypt. ♀ 27 70 S S wei Ws F wei 5012 30.3 400 130 69 18 24 8 65 e TL HB HF E e ♀ 78 ght p A ght x x 71. 53. 16. 142 57 14 13 10 142 Med 25.6 407. 122 24 8.4 64 5001 ♀ 38 22 5001 ♀ - 4 8 2 .05 0 0 5 0 .05 5 74.
Recommended publications
  • Millions in Flight: the Iraqi Refugee Crisis

    Millions in Flight: the Iraqi Refugee Crisis

    [EMBARGOED FOR: 24 September 2007] Public amnesty international Iraq Millions in flight: the Iraqi refugee crisis Photograph of a painting by Hussein al-Ibrahemi, Iraqi artist and human rights defender, expressing his feelings as a refugee, June 2007, © AI September 2007 AI Index: MDE 14/041/2007 INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT, 1 EASTON STREET, LONDON WC1X 0DW, UNITED KINGDOM TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. A spiralling crisis .......................................................................................................1 1.1 Scale of the problem ............................................................................................3 1.2 Situation in Syria and Jordan ...............................................................................5 1.2.1 Conditions in Syria .......................................................................................7 1.2.2 Conditions in Jordan ...................................................................................17 2. State responses to the crisis......................................................................................24 2.1 Funding and pledges ..........................................................................................25 2.1.1 Assistance given..........................................................................................29 2.2 Resettlement.......................................................................................................31 2.3 Forcible returns ..................................................................................................38
  • “No One's Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in Al-Bayda

    “No One's Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in Al-Bayda

    HUMAN RIGHTS “No One’s Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in al-Bayda & Baniyas WATCH “No One’s Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in al-Bayda and Baniyas Copyright © 2013 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-62313-0480 Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org SEPTEMBER 2013 978-1-62313-0480 “No One’s Left” Summary Executions by Syrian Forces in al-Bayda and Baniyas Maps ................................................................................................................................... i Summary ..........................................................................................................................
  • Salvaging Syria's Economy

    Salvaging Syria's Economy

    Research Paper David Butter Middle East and North Africa Programme | March 2016 Salvaging Syria’s Economy Contents Summary 2 Introduction 3 Institutional Survival 6 Government Reach 11 Resource Depletion 14 Property Rights and Finance 22 Prospects: Dependency and Decentralization 24 About the Author 27 Acknowledgments 27 1 | Chatham House Salvaging Syria’s Economy Summary • Economic activity under the continuing conflict conditions in Syria has been reduced to the imperatives of survival. The central government remains the most important state-like actor, paying salaries and pensions to an estimated 2 million people, but most Syrians depend in some measure on aid and the war economy. • In the continued absence of a political solution to the conflict, ensuring that refugees and people in need within Syria are given adequate humanitarian support, including education, training and possibilities of employment, should be the priority for the international community. • The majority of Syrians still living in the country reside in areas under the control of President Bashar al-Assad’s regime, which means that a significant portion of donor assistance goes through Damascus channels. • Similarly, any meaningful post-conflict reconstruction programme will need to involve considerable external financial support to the Syrian government. Some of this could be forthcoming from Iran, Russia, the UN and, perhaps, China; but, for a genuine economic recovery to take hold, Western and Arab aid will be essential. While this provides leverage, the military intervention of Russia and the reluctance of Western powers to challenge Assad mean that his regime remains in a strong position to dictate terms for any reconstruction programme.
  • Community Engagement in Case Management

    Community Engagement in Case Management

    Community Engagement in Case Management Community Volunteers and their Role in Case Management Processes in Humanitarian Contexts: A Comparative Study of Research and Practice Publishing/Citations ©The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, 2021. The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (the Alliance) supports the efforts of humanitarian actors to achieve high-quality and effective child protection interventions in humanitarian settings. Through its technical Working Groups and Task Forces, the Alliance develops interagency operational standards and provides technical guidance to support the work of child protection in humanitarian settings. For more information on the Alliance’s work and joining the network, please visit https://www.alliancecpha.org or contact us directly: [email protected]. This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Bureau of Humanitarian Affairs (BHA). The contents are the responsibility of the Alliance and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Suggested Citation: The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, Community volunteers and their role in case management processes in humanitarian contexts: A comparative study of research and practice, 2021. License: This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. It is attributed to the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (The Alliance) Author: Glynis Clacherty Project Technical Lead: Colleen Fitzgerald, Plan International USA 2 I am a Community Volunteer “I chose this profession out of love, to help the people of my community. Initially, I was just a housewife running a small business.
  • Why Are Warm-Water Ports Important to Russian Security?

    Why Are Warm-Water Ports Important to Russian Security?

    JEMEAA - FEATURE Why Are Warm- Water Ports Important to Russian Security? The Cases of Sevastopol and Tartus Compared TANVI CHAUHAN Abstract This article aims to examine why Russia’s warm-water ports are so important to Russian security. First, the article defines whatsecurity encompasses in relation to ports. Second, the article presents two case studies: the Crimean port of Sevasto- pol and the Syrian port of Tartus. This article proves that warm-water ports are important to Russian security because they enable Russia to control the sea, proj- ect power, maintain good order, and observe a maritime consensus. Each of these categorical reasons are then analyzed in the Crimean and Syrian context. The re- sults are compared in regional perspective, followed by concluding remarks on what the findings suggest about Russian foreign policy in retrospect, as well as Russian security in the future. Introduction General discourse attribute ports with a binary character: commercial or naval. However, the importance of ports is not limited to those areas alone. Security in the twenty- first century has come to constitute multidimensional relationships, so this article will approach the importance of warm- water ports for security by us- ing the broad concept of maritime security, rather than naval security alone. Previ- ously, the maritime context covered naval confrontations and absolute sea control, but today, scholars have elaborated the maritime environment to include security missions spanning from war and diplomacy to maritime resource preservation, safe cargo transit, border protection from external threats, engagement in security operations, and preventing misuse of global maritime commons.1 Thus, maritime security has crucial links to political, economic, military, and social elements.
  • Unjlc LBN ISR 001 Port A1 0

    Unjlc LBN ISR 001 Port A1 0

    350’0"E ErcanErcan TymbouTymbou ArAr Rabi’ahRabi’ah Akdogan AkdoganAkdogan KoukliaKouklia FAMAGUSTA Ta rto us Akdogan Hama AqarebAqareb eses SSfifi Nicosia LysiLysi LysiLysi Al Qadmus Pyroi FamagostaFamagostaGazimagusa Al Qadmus Al Kafat Pyroi Kondea Gazimagusa MasyafMasyaf Al Kafat ArsosArsos Kondea KafrKafr BuhumBuhum AthienouAthienou AkhanaAkhana AthnaAthna ParalimniParalimni Troulli Troulli AsAs SaiamiyahSaiamiyah PeraPera MarkiMarki PerakhorioPerakhorio Famgusta KlirouKlirou SelemiyeSelemiye AlAl MufqarMufqar ashash SharqiSharqi 350’0"N KochatiKochati 350’0"N ShaSha KsilofaguKsilofagu AyiaAyia NapaNapa BirinBirin PolitikoPolitiko CyprusCyprus Lythrodhonda DHEKELIA Lythrodhonda TallTall NafkhinNafkhin ArAr RastanRastan TallTall alal QataQata Khorno LarnacaLarnaca TallafTallaf Khorno LARNACA TARTOUS ElEl GhajarGhajar OraOra Scala TaTa rt rt us us Juwaykhat Scala LARNACA Juwaykhat Layia TØlil TalbisahTalbisah Layia Larnaca TØlil JubbJubb alal JarrahJarrah SafitaSafita MashrafahMashrafah Pana Kophinou UmmUmm alal ’Amad’Amad Pana Kophinou KitiKiti AsgataAsgata KophinouKophinou Qal’atQal’at alal HisnHisn ShinShin Al-MukharramAl-Mukharram FokaniFokani LouaLouabdØbdØ Joubb Aabb s Limassol ZyyiZyyi HimsHims Joubb Aabb s Dalaboz Homs Narraki MoniMoni MarlMarl AlAl HamidiyahHamidiyah Dalaboz Homs ZaZadaldal Narraki VASSILIKO SukkarahSukkarah MONI ANCHORAGE TallTall KalakhKalakh AbouAbou DaliDali Dardariyah Buhayrat Qattinah AaridaAarida Dardariyah KattinØKattinØ FatimFatim alal ’Arnuq’Arnuq ShansharShanshar FurglusFurglus AlAl QubayyatQubayyat
  • SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC United Nations Cross-Border Operations Under UNSC Resolutions As of 31 December 2020

    SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC United Nations Cross-Border Operations Under UNSC Resolutions As of 31 December 2020

    SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC United Nations cross-border operations under UNSC resolutions As of 31 December 2020 UN Security Council Resolutions 2165/2191/2258/2332/2393/2449/2504/2533 930 14 Through the adoption of resolutions 2165 (2014),and its subsequent renewals 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 Consignments Trucks (2016), 2393 (2017), 2449 (2018), 2504 (2020) and 2533 (2020) until 10 July 2021, the UN Security Council in December 2020 in December 2020 6 has authorized UN agencies and their partners to use routes across conflict lines and the border crossings at Agencies Bab al-Salam, Bab al-Hawa, Al-Ramtha and Al Yarubiyah, to deliver humanitarian assistance, including medical reported and surgical supplies, to people in need in Syria. As of 10 July 2020, based on resolution 2533, Bab al-Hawa is 43,348 1,318 the only crossing open at this point in time. The Government of Syria is notified in advance of each shipment Trucks Consignments in December and a UN monitoring mechanism was established to oversee loading in neighboring countries and confirm the since July 2014 since July 2014 2020 humanitarian nature of consignments. Number of trucks per crossing point by month since July 2014 Number of targeted sectors by district in December 2020 Bab al-Hawa 33,376 Since Jul 2014 Bab al-Salam 5,268 Since Jul 2014 TURKEY Al-Malikeyyeh Quamishli 1,200 930 1,200 800 800 Jarablus Ain Al Arab Ras Al Ain 400 0 Afrin 400 A'zaz Tell Abiad 0 0 Bab Al Bab Al-Hasakeh al-Hawa Jul 2014 Dec 2020 Jul 2014 Dec 2020 ] Al-Hasakeh Harim Jebel Jisr- Menbij Lattakia
  • The Syrian Virtual Resistance 44

    The Syrian Virtual Resistance 44

    yber C yberO rient, Vol. 11, Iss. 2, 2017, pp. 4-34 Behind the Screen: the Syrian Virtual Resistance Billie Jeanne Brownlee Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter Abstract: Six years have gone by since the political upheaval that swept through many Middle East and North African (MENA) countries begun. Syria was caught in the grip of this revo- lutionary moment, one that drove the country from a peaceful popular mobilisation to a deadly fratricide civil war with no apparent way out. This paper provides an alternative approach to the study of the root causes of the Syrian uprising by examining the impact that the development of new media had in reconstructing forms of collective action and social mobilisation in pre-revolutionary Syria. By providing evidence of a number of significant initiatives, campaigns and acts of contentious politics that occurred between 2000 and 2011, this paper shows how, prior to 2011, scholarly work on Syria has not given sufficient theoretical and empirical consideration to the development of expressions of dissent and resilience of its cyberspace and to the informal and hybrid civic engagement they produced. Keywords: social media, uprising, Arab Spring, Internet, Middle East, Syria Introduction Six years have gone by since the political upheaval that swept through many Middle East and North African (hereinafter MENA) countries begun. Syr- ia was caught in the grip of this revolutionary moment, one that drove the [email protected] E-mail: UK. Oxford, 1JL, OX4 Road, Tyndale 22 of University Exeter, Billie Jeanne Brownlee, country from a peaceful popular mobilisation to a deadly fratricide civil war with no apparent way out.
  • IMPRISONED HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SYRIA Amnesty

    IMPRISONED HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SYRIA Amnesty

    IMPRISONED HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SYRIA Amnesty International is deeply concerned at the continued detention without charge or trial of 90 doctors, dentists and veterinarians who were arrested in 1980 following widespread agitation in Syria for political reforms, including an end to the State of Emergency, in force since 1963. Despite repeated requests for information on those detained, the government has failed to provide information on their whereabouts and well-being. Background The main provisions of the Syrian constitution which specify the freedoms of the citizen remain suspended under the terms of Military Order 2 of 17 March 1963 declaring a State of Emergency. The State of Emergency Law gives the security forces wide powers to arrest and administratively detain anyone suspected of "endangering security and public order". The Martial Law Governor (the Prime Minister), or his deputy, is empowered to delegate to anyone the powers to administratively detain, investigate, or restrict the freedom of persons in respect to meetings, residence, travel and passage. These powers have been delegated to the security forces and in practice have been used in such a way as to result in thousands of arbitrary arrests. The vast majority of political detainees in Syria are held without charge or trial, many for long periods. Families are given no official notification of the arrest, place of detention or subsequent movements of detainees and must obtain such information through their own efforts. Reports of torture and ill-treatment of detainees are common. Such treatment is facilitated by the extensive powers of arbitrary arrest and detention conferred on the security forces which enables them to hold detainees for indefinite periods without any external supervision of their cases.
  • Putin's Syrian Gambit: Sharper Elbows, Bigger Footprint, Stickier Wicket

    Putin's Syrian Gambit: Sharper Elbows, Bigger Footprint, Stickier Wicket

    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 25 Putin’s Syrian Gambit: Sharper Elbows, Bigger Footprint, Stickier Wicket by John W. Parker Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, and Center for Technology and National Security Policy. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified combatant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier, August, 2012 (Russian Ministry of Defense) Putin's Syrian Gambit Putin's Syrian Gambit: Sharper Elbows, Bigger Footprint, Stickier Wicket By John W. Parker Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 25 Series Editor: Denise Natali National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. July 2017 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Portions of this work may be quoted or reprinted without permission, provided that a standard source credit line is included.
  • MPLS VPN Service

    MPLS VPN Service

    MPLS VPN Service PCCW Global’s MPLS VPN Service provides reliable and secure access to your network from anywhere in the world. This technology-independent solution enables you to handle a multitude of tasks ranging from mission-critical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), quality videoconferencing and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) to convenient email and web-based applications while addressing traditional network problems relating to speed, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS) management and traffic engineering. MPLS VPN enables routers to tag and forward incoming packets based on their class of service specification and allows you to run voice communications, video, and IT applications separately via a single connection and create faster and smoother pathways by simplifying traffic flow. Independent of other VPNs, your network enjoys a level of security equivalent to that provided by frame relay and ATM. Network diagram Database Customer Portal 24/7 online customer portal CE Router Voice Voice Regional LAN Headquarters Headquarters Data LAN Data LAN Country A LAN Country B PE CE Customer Router Service Portal PE Router Router • Router report IPSec • Traffic report Backup • QoS report PCCW Global • Application report MPLS Core Network Internet IPSec MPLS Gateway Partner Network PE Router CE Remote Router Site Access PE Router Voice CE Voice LAN Router Branch Office CE Data Branch Router Office LAN Country D Data LAN Country C Key benefits to your business n A fully-scalable solution requiring minimal investment
  • WFP SYRIA CRISIS RESPONSE Situation Update

    WFP SYRIA CRISIS RESPONSE Situation Update

    WFP SYRIA CRISIS RESPONSE Situation Update 16 - 29 April 2014 SYRIA JO RDAN LEBANON TURKEY IRAQ EGYPT HIGHLIGHTS Fewer people in Syria likely to have received WFP assistance in April Fighting prevents food deliveries to Ar-Raqqa and Deir ez-Zor Anticipated drought-induced drop in Syria’s wheat harvest risks exacerbating food insecurity Vulnerability assessment of Syrian refugees planned in Lebanon New camp for Syrian refugees opens at Azraq in Jordan WFP/Sepideh Soltaninia For information on WFP’s Syria Crisis Response in 2013 and 2014, please use the QR Code or access through the link wfp.org/syriainfo SYRIA DELIVERIES TO HARD-TO-REACH AREAS As part of deliveries targeting 4.25 million vulnerable people across Syria in April, WFP dispatched food for 67,500 people in hard-to-reach areas during the reporting period, most of them in locations controlled by anti-government forces. This included 17 trucks – part of an inter-agency convoy – carrying food rations and fortified wheat-flour for 47,500 people in the besieged town of Talbiseh in Homs governorate, the first such assistance to the area in more than six months. WFP food also reached government- and opposition-held areas of Idleb that had not been previously accessed. As usual, clearance for these convoys required lengthy, painstaking negotiations with numerous warring groups. Distribution proceeded of the rations for 50,000 people trucked into Qamishly city in Al Hasakeh governorate through the Turkish border post of Nusaybeen in late March. By 28 April, that assistance, and food previously airlifted to Qamishly from Erbil in Iraq, had been distributed to more than 90,000 people in various parts of the governorate – over 70 percent of them in opposition-controlled areas (Tal Brak, Tal Hamis, Al-Malikeyyeh, Al-Shaddadeh, Ras Al Ain, Tal Tamer, Al-Hol, Amouda and Derbasiyeh).