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Documenting Some Species of Bats in the Central and Coastal Regions of Syria

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Documenting Some Species of Bats in the Central and Coastal Regions of Syria International Journal of Scientific Research in ___________________________ Research Paper . Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.66-71, February (2020) E-ISSN: 2347-7520 Documenting Some Species of Bats in the Central and Coastal Regions of Syria Yara Al- Ramadan1*, Nahla Ibrahim2, Anouar Al- Omar3 1,2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaath University, Homs, Syria *Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel.: +0963-031-2624733 Available online at: www.isroset.org Received: 28/Jan/2020, Accepted: 07/Feb/2020, Online: 28/Feb/2020 Abstract— We have studied and documented Six Species of bats in the central region of Syria (Eastern, and Western Homs countrysides) and some areas of the Syrian coastal region (Draykish, Safita and Ash Shaykh Badr).These Species are: Roussettus aegyptiacus, Myotis myotis, Myotis blythii, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Pipistrellus savii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. The Species Pipi strellus savii has been recorded for Syria for the first time in Slanfah – Lattakia on 2/10/2018. Pipistrellus kuhlii has been recorded in Sukkarah (eastern Homs countryside) on 16/7/2017 and Ash Shaykh Badr (Tartus) on 19/8/2017, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum has been recorded in Fajlit (Draykish) on 30/9/2017 and Al- Zahabiya (Shin district west Homs countryside) on 1/8/2017. Myotis myotis, Roussettus aegyptiacus have been recorded in in Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr Sanif (Safita – Tartus) on 5/10/2017 and on 14/7/2018, Myotis plythy has been recorded Which Myotis myotis, Roussettus aegyptiacus in same cave on 14/7/2018, the morphometric measurements of these Species have been taken and classified and compared with previous studies in Syria and Egypt. Keywords—Roussettus aegyptiacus; Myotis myotis; Myotis blythii; Pipistrellus kuhlii; Pipistrellus savii; classification. I. INTRODUCTION Harrison also recorded a single species of P. kuhlii in Damascus 1964 [4]. Bats belong to Eutherians its a vertebrates with hair and mammary glands, which produce milk for nursing their The first recording of Hemprichii otonycteris was in young [1] and it’s only mammals capable of flying and Alkariaten by Harrison and Atallah representing about 20% of Syrian mammals, which has a And they recorded Asellia tridens for the first time in total of 125 species [2]. They play an important role in the Syria [7]. environmental balance especially in insect populations. A single Pipistrelle can consume up to 3,000 insects in per Shehab et al (2007) recorded five species of bats in the night [2]. Fruit bats (Megachiroptera) play an important Euphrates basin: (T.udiventris, M. capaccinii, E. bottaei, role in seed dispersion and the process of Pollination, The P. kuhlii, and O. hemprichii) [5]. guano is a natural fertilizer that is not harmful to the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum was found in Jordan together environment [3]. with R.euryale in 1991, Rhinopoma microphyllum in 1994 and Asellia tridens in 1991[4]. 27 species of bats were recorded in Syria belonging to 8 Studies between the years 1992-1996 refer to several families and 15 genus: Pteropodida, Rhinolophidae, recordings of Pipistrellus kuhli, Plecotus austriacus and Emballonunidae, Nycteridae, Hipposideridae, Tadarida teniotis species in Jordan by Qumsiye and AL- Vespertolionidae, Molossidae and Rhinopomatidae [4]. Oran [8]. Where Shehab et al [5], recorded Twenty-three species of bats in Syria, belonging to twelve genera and six families. II. METHODOLOGY Trouessart and Kollmann (1923) recorded four species (Rhinolophus euryale, Myotis myotis, Pipistrellus kuhlii, 6 species of bats were collected from the central and Plecotus auritus) in southwestern Syria [7]. coastal regions of Syria: (1) Roussettus aegyptiacus. Two species (Myotis myotis, M. blythii) were recorded in (2) Myotis myotis. the Golan Heights by Aharoni (1930), and studied for the (3) Myotis blythii. second time by Spitzenberger between (1979- 1996) who (4) Pipistrellus kuhlii. added a new record of M. blythii in the Golan Heights (5) Pipistrellus savii. [14]. (6) Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. © 2020, IJSRBS All Rights Reserved 66 Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.1, Feb 2020 The morphometric measurements of the bats were Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr 5/10/2017 Myotis myotis recorded, specimens were preserved in formaldehyde 10%. Sanif - Safita – Tartus 14/7/2018 The netting is available in two grades--structural, with a Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr Myotis blythii 14/7/2018 diagonal hole opening of 1.6 cm (5/8 in), and is somewhat Sanif - Safita – Tartus stiffer than standard, or with a diagonal opening of 2.4 cm Sukkarah - eastern Homs 16/7/2017 (15/16 in) [9]. The netting were placed in the bats flying Pipistrellus kuhlii countryside 19/8/2017 pathway in caves or feeding areas. After obtaining the Ash Shaykh Badr -Tartus specimens morphometric measurements, place and date of Pipistrellus savii Slanfah – Lattakia 2/10/2018 collection were documented. Al-Zahabiya Western homs 1/8/2017 Rh.ferrumequinum countryside 30/9/2017 Morphometric measurements were recorded, shape of the Fajlit - Draykish ears, nose, the presence or absence of the tragus and the membrane between legs and tail, arm length, head and body, wingspan [6],[ 5],[ 10], [11]. Tools used: Digital Camera, and Piacoles. This research was carried out in the laboratories of Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University. Shortcuts: TL: Total length, HB: head and body length, TaL: tail length, HF: hind foot length, E: ear length, Wsp = wingspan, FA: forearm length, Tra: Tragus, Nll: Length of nose leaf, Nlw: width of nose leaf. [13], [6]. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1. Records of studied spices: 1- Fajlit - Draykish Pipistrellus kuhlii has been recorded in Sukkarah (eastern (Rh.ferrumequinum),2- Al-Zahabiya Western Homs countryside Homs countryside) on 16/7/2017 and Ash Shaykh Badr (Rh.ferrumequinum), 3- Ash Shaykh Badr - Tartus (Pipistrellus Tartus on 19/8/2017. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum has kuhlii), 4- Sukkarah - eastern Homs countryside (Pipistrellus been recorded in Al-Zahabiya (Shin district west Homs kuhlii), 5- Slanfah – Lattakia (Pipistrellus savii), 6- Al-Dawwar countryside) on 1/8/2017 and Fajlit (Draykish) on cave - Kafr Sanif - Safita – Tartus (R.aegyptiacus, Myotis 30/9/2017. Myotis myotis, Roussettus aegyptiacus and myotis, Myotis blythii). have been recorded on 5/10/2017 and have been recorded for the second time on 14/7/2018 with Myotis blythii in Roussettus aegyptiacus - Egyptian fruit bat Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr Sanif (Safita – Tartus), (E.Geoffroy, 1810): Pipistrellus savii has been recorded for the first time for A colony of Roussettus aegyptiacus was recorded in Syria in Slanfah - Lattakia on 2/10/2018 as shown in Table Tartus – Safita - Kafr Sanif - Al-Dawwar cave on 1 and Figure 1. 5/10/2017 and on 14/7/2018 (wet area). The cave is located far away from the inhibited areas, near water Roussettus aegyptiacus was not found during a tour to Al- stream. The cave entrance is high from the ground, which Husn - Talkalakh, western Homs on 20-22/8/2017, provides more protection for the animals, where the although local people confirmed its existence. rainwater leaks into the cave in winter, which provides the necessary moisture. No species were documented during the tour in Birat Al- Jurd - Masyaf, western Hama countryside, Al-Durra cave The fruit bat can be easily identified due to its large size on E22-25/9/2017. and distinctive head shape. The ears are large and separate, The most important results of this research is the there is no tragus, the mouth is large and wide, the upper documentation of the locations of these species and a new and upper jaws are large, the teeth are smooth, the eyes are record for Syria of Pipistrellus savii in Slanfah. - Lattakia large As shown in Figure 2, there is no membrane between 2/10/2017. the legs, The wings are large and wide, The species has a strong muscles for chest and arms (after dissecting a Table 1. The studied specimens (place and date of collection) specimen). date of Species Location collection Al-Dawwar cave - Kafr 5/10/2017 R.aegyptiacus Sanif - Safita – Tartus 14/7/2018 © 2020, IJSRBS All Rights Reserved 67 Int. J. Sci. Res. in Biological Sciences Vol.7, Issue.1, Feb 2020 Figure 2. The ears, teeth, nose, and thick hair on the neck in males of R.aegyptiacus. Figure 3. The tapered teeth, ears, tragus of Myotis myotis Table 2 shows the morphometric measurements of 7 Table 3. Morphometric measurements of Myotis myotis (Kafr Sanaif, specimens of Roussettus aegyptiacus in (mm) and weight Safita, 2017) is estimated in (mm) and weight is estimated in grams and compared to previous studies in Syria. in grams, compared with previous studies in Syria and se weig Egypt. The results showed that the weight of females were Wsp HB Tal HF E Tra FA higher than in males. The results were consistent with the x ht TL studies of Shehab, 2007 in Syria [2], with a slight 5008 400 117 53 15 26 7 62 difference in weight, mostly due to that the specimens in ♂ 24.2 65 Shehab study were mostly females. The results were also 5009 120 50 12 23 7 60 consistent with Gaisler, 1972 in Egypt [12]. ♂ 22.9 72 5010 410 120 50 18 25 8 63 Table 2. Morphometric measurements of Roussettus aegyptiacus (Kafr ♀ 23.9 72 Sanif, Safita, 2017) in (mm) and weight in grams compared to previous 5011 420 123 56 18 22 12 70 studies in Syria and Egypt. ♀ 27 70 S S wei Ws F wei 5012 30.3 400 130 69 18 24 8 65 e TL HB HF E e ♀ 78 ght p A ght x x 71. 53. 16. 142 57 14 13 10 142 Med 25.6 407. 122 24 8.4 64 5001 ♀ 38 22 5001 ♀ - 4 8 2 .05 0 0 5 0 .05 5 74.
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